ConstitutionalismConstitutionalismin Englandin England1603-16891603-1689

English Leaders1603-1689

1. James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England

1603-1625

3. Oliver Cromwell Lord Protector

1649-1660

6. William and Mary1688-1700?

2. Charles I 1625-1641(48)

4. Charles II1560-1685

5. James II1685-1688

TudorsTudors

War of Roses—aristocracy fought over who would War of Roses—aristocracy fought over who would control the monarchycontrol the monarchy

Henry VIIIHenry VIII r.1509-1558—strengthened power of r.1509-1558—strengthened power of monarchy, lots of wives, created Anglican Churchmonarchy, lots of wives, created Anglican Church

Queen ElizabethQueen Elizabeth r. 1558-1603 (daughter of king r. 1558-1603 (daughter of king and Anne Boleyn and nicknamed the Virgin and Anne Boleyn and nicknamed the Virgin Queen) very able and practical ruler, used the Queen) very able and practical ruler, used the prospect of marriage to create political alliances. prospect of marriage to create political alliances. Kept Mary (her half sister) Queen of Scots locked Kept Mary (her half sister) Queen of Scots locked up because she thought Mary was plotting up because she thought Mary was plotting against her. Mary was the rightful heir to the against her. Mary was the rightful heir to the throne after Elizabeth.throne after Elizabeth.

Act of Supremacy 1559Act of Supremacy 1559 —repealed all —repealed all anti-Protestant legislation of Mary and anti-Protestant legislation of Mary and gave Elizabeth supreme rights over gave Elizabeth supreme rights over spiritual affarsspiritual affars

Puritans gave her trouble, wanted to Puritans gave her trouble, wanted to reform the church but Elizabeth wouldn’t reform the church but Elizabeth wouldn’t have ithave it

Treaty of Berwick 1586Treaty of Berwick 1586 —Elizabeth entered —Elizabeth entered a defensive alliance w/Scotland and a defensive alliance w/Scotland and recognized James, Mary’s son (protestant) recognized James, Mary’s son (protestant) as the rightful heir to the throneas the rightful heir to the throne

1588—Philip II’s Spanish Armada was 1588—Philip II’s Spanish Armada was defeated-this was the greatest achievement defeated-this was the greatest achievement of her reignof her reign

English Renaissance happened during her English Renaissance happened during her reigion (Shakespeare)reigion (Shakespeare)

1587, Elizabeth ordered the execution of 1587, Elizabeth ordered the execution of Mary, Queen of ScotsMary, Queen of Scots

James I of EnglandJames I of England1603-1625 1603-1625 (aka James VI of Scotland)(aka James VI of Scotland)

11stst thing he told Parliament—”Do not thing he told Parliament—”Do not try to challenge me”try to challenge me”

King has the power to dismiss King has the power to dismiss Parliament but Parliament has Parliament but Parliament has control of revenues—this will be a control of revenues—this will be a constant battle in the coming yearsconstant battle in the coming years

Puritans were more demanding of Puritans were more demanding of reforms, many left to found a colony reforms, many left to found a colony in MAin MA

Charles ICharles I

Politically ineptPolitically inept Parliament would only grant him customs Parliament would only grant him customs

duties for one year instead of the life of duties for one year instead of the life of the monarch which was traditionthe monarch which was tradition

Due to military failures, he asked Due to military failures, he asked Parliament for more $--they didn’t give it Parliament for more $--they didn’t give it to himto him

Parliament forced him to sign Parliament forced him to sign Petition of Petition of RightsRights—no $ w/out consent of Parliament, —no $ w/out consent of Parliament, no imprisonment w/out just cause, no no imprisonment w/out just cause, no martial law against citizensmartial law against citizens

Charles dissolves Parliament and Charles dissolves Parliament and rules 11 years w/out them, collecting rules 11 years w/out them, collecting ship moneyship money

When he tried to impose religious When he tried to impose religious changes on the Scots, they rebelled. changes on the Scots, they rebelled. Charles called back Parliament to ask Charles called back Parliament to ask for $ (Short Parliament)—they said nofor $ (Short Parliament)—they said no

He called them again (Long He called them again (Long Parliament), they gave him a list of Parliament), they gave him a list of grievances called grievances called Grand Grand Remonstrance Remonstrance –Charles fled–Charles fled

English Civil WarEnglish Civil War

Roundheads vs. CavaliersRoundheads vs. CavaliersOliver Cromwell supported Oliver Cromwell supported

Parliament, and with his New Model Parliament, and with his New Model Army, captures Charles IArmy, captures Charles I

Rump Parliament (all Presbyterians Rump Parliament (all Presbyterians removed) condemned Charles and he removed) condemned Charles and he was executedwas executed

Oliver CromwellOliver Cromwell1649-16601649-1660

Known as “The Commonwealth”Known as “The Commonwealth”Military dictatorship, he was Lord Military dictatorship, he was Lord

ProtectorProtectorHad religious troubles to deal withHad religious troubles to deal withParliament was difficult to controlParliament was difficult to control

Charles IICharles II

Church of England restored as official Church of England restored as official church but signed a secret treaty church but signed a secret treaty w/France in which he agreed to make w/France in which he agreed to make England CatholicEngland Catholic

Parliament grew suspicious of Parliament grew suspicious of Charles and passed the Charles and passed the Test Act of Test Act of 16731673—only Anglicans could hold —only Anglicans could hold public officepublic office

James IIJames II1685-16881685-1688

CatholicCatholicRepealed the Test ActRepealed the Test ActHe appeared to champion religious He appeared to champion religious

toleration but this was deceptive—he toleration but this was deceptive—he really wanted to bring back royal really wanted to bring back royal absolutismabsolutism

He fathered a child which made He fathered a child which made Parliament nervous—they didn’t Parliament nervous—they didn’t want to continue w/Catholic kingswant to continue w/Catholic kings

Glorious RevolutionGlorious Revolution

Political elite invited William of Political elite invited William of Orange and Mary to take over the Orange and Mary to take over the throne. They had to sign the throne. They had to sign the Bill of Bill of RightsRights, recognizing the supremacy of , recognizing the supremacy of Parliament and agree to other acts Parliament and agree to other acts (Act of Toleration, Mutiny Act, Act of (Act of Toleration, Mutiny Act, Act of Settlement, Act of Union)Settlement, Act of Union)