Constitutional Law - People v Del Castillo

7/24/2019 Constitutional Law - People v Del Castillo

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SECOND DIVISION[G.R. No. 153254. September 30, 2004]

PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, appellee, vs. EDEN DEL !STILLO, appellant.

D E I S I O N

!"STRI!#$!RTINE%, J.&

Eden del Castillo appeals from the decision dated June 27, 2001 1!of the "e#ional $rial Court of Ce%u Cit&, 'ranch 1(, in Criminal

Case No) C'*+-77(, findin# her #uilt& of .iolation of Section 1/, rticle III of ")) No) /-2, otherise non as Dan#erous Dru#s ctof 1372, as amended4 and imposin# on her the penalt& of reclusion perpetua)

She as indicted under an Information dated u#ust 2, 2000 hich reads5

That on or about the 31stday of July 2000, at about 10:30 A.M., in the City of Cebu, Philippines, and within the urisdi!tion of this"onorable Court, the said a!!used, with deliberate intent and without bein# authori$ed by law, did then and there ha%e in her

possession and !ontrol or use the followin#:

A& Three '3( bi# heat sealed plasti! pa!)s of white !rystalline substan!e wei#hin# 2*+.- #ras/

& i#ht '( ediu heat sealed plasti! pa!)s of white !rystalline substan!e wei#hin# 12.33 #ras/

C& ifty three '3( heat sealed plasti! pa!)ets of white !rystalline substan!e wei#hin# +.4 #ras

lo!ally )nown as shabu, !ontainin# Methylaphetaine "ydro!hloride, a re#ulated dru#, without the !orrespondin# li!ense or

pres!ription.

C56T7A78 T5 9A.2!

*pon her arrai#nment, appellant, ith the assistance of counsel, pleaded not #uilt& to the crime char#ed)6!$rial thereafter ensued)

$he prosecution presented the folloin# itnesses5 O6 8eopoldo 'au9on, O6 lfredo etallar, :Insp) ;utchit Salinas and O2'ra9ilio 'orina#a) $heir testimonies pro.ed the folloin# facts5

On Jul& 21, 2000, a search arrant as issued %& Jud#e Isaias Dicdican of the "e#ional $rial Court, 'ranch 11, Ce%u Cit&,authori9in# the search and sei9ure of shabuand its paraphernalias in the house of appellant located in ;) 'or#onia Street, ust sit don hile the search as on+#oin#)7!

$he raidin# team di.ided themsel.es into to searchin# #roups) $he first #roup composed of 'au9on, $orin# and one barangaytanodsearched the upper portion of the house and found three lar#e plastic pacs of hite cr&stalline su%stance) (!$he second #roup,composed of 'acla&on and 'orina#a, searched the #round floor and found ei#ht medium heat+sealed plastic pacs of hite cr&stallinesu%stance and fift&+three heat+sealed plastic pacets of hite cr&stalline su%stance4 to disposa%le li#hters, one pair of scissors, onetooter, one puller and an impro.ised hacsa) 3!Ser.ando .oluntaril& surrendered fi.e small pacs of hite cr&stalline su%stance)10!ppellant as arrested and informed of her constitutional ri#hts, specificall&, the ri#ht to counsel to hich she replied that she has ala&er ho ill represent her)11!etallar then prepared an in.entor& of the sei9ed articles and appellant as made to si#n the same)12!O6 'au9on and O6 etallar e@plained that the in.entor& receipt as dated Jul& 2-, 2000 althou#h the raid as conducted on Jul&61 %ecause their office had earlier prepared the %lan form) 16! cop& of the in.entor& as #i.en to a tanod1-!and thereafter appellant and

Ser.ando ere %rou#ht to the police station hile the items sei9ed ere %rou#ht to the hilippine National olice ANB Crime8a%orator& for e@amination)1!

:Insp) ;utchit Salinas, chemist of the N "e#ional Crime 8a%orator& Office, ho conducted the la%orator& test on thesesu%stances confirmed that the specimens su%mitted for testin# ere positi.e for the presence of methamphetamine h&drochloridenon as shabu)1/!

$he defense presented the folloin# itnesses5 Elena ") =arcia, Jaime =arcia and appellant herself ho testified to esta%lish thefolloin# facts5

$he house su%>ect of the search on Jul& 61, 2000 as oned %& Elena, appellants #randmother, and her late hus%and, Jose=arcia, as e.idenced %& a cop& of $a@ Declaration No) 01+60/1 in the name of Jose =arcia4 17!that onl& 'rent 8epiten, Elenas#randson, as li.in# in the house hile appellant as li.in# ith her parents in San Vicente Villa#e, ?ireless, ;andaue Cit&, a distanceof a%out fi.e ilometers from Elenas place) 1(!On Jul& 61, 2000, Elena, ho as in the upper portion of the house ith her son, Jaime,ho happened to sleep in her house the ni#ht %efore %ecause he had a drinin# spree ith some friends, ent donstairs %ecause ofthe thuddin# sound from their door)13!ppellant, ho as in the house to .isit her #randmother, as ha.in# %reafast hen the door

as opened) Se.eral men entered the house and instructed them to sit don) $o of these men carr&in# an en.elope ent upstairsand oe up Jaime =arcia) 20! Jaime then ent donstairs and these to men ithout the en.elope folloed to minutes later)21!ppellant and the other occupants ere told to ait for the arri.al of the tanods) $hen, the same to men ho earlier ent upstairsent up a#ain ith a tanodand hen the& came don, the& had ith them an en.elope, the contents of hich ere spread on theta%le and ere listed don) 22!ppellant as then ased to si#n a paper here a listin# of the contents of the en.elope as made %utshe reuested to contact her la&er hich as denied) 26!She as forced to si#n otherise she ould %e handcuffed) 2-!$he list of thein.entor& as neither read to her nor did the& lea.e a cop& for her or to an& of the occupants) 2!ppellant declared that the searcharrant as ser.ed on her %ut she ne.er read it nor as it read to her)2/!

On June 27, 2001, the trial court rendered its assailed decision 27!findin# appellant #uilt& as char#ed) $he decretal portion of thedecision reads5
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254.htm#_ftn1


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"757, findin# a!!used den del Castillo #uilty beyond reasonable doubt of the !rie !har#ed, the a!!used is hereby

senten!ed to suffer the penalty of 7e!lusion Perpetua. The sei$ed or !onfis!ated ites are de!lared forfeited in fa%or of the

#o%ernent and the sae shall be disposed of in the anner allowed by law.2(!

In con.ictin# appellant, the trial court ratiocinated5

After a !areful analysis of the testionial and do!uentary e%iden!e on re!ord, the Court is of the well !onsidered %iew and so holds

that the prose!ution was able to establish the fa!t that the a!!used had indeed, with deliberate intent and without bein# authori$ed by

law, in her possession and !ontrol or use on or about July 31, 2000 at about 10:30 A.M. the followin#:

A & Three '3( bi# heat sealed plasti! pa!)s of white !rystalline substan!e wei#hin# 2*+.- #ras/

& i#ht '( ediu heat sealed plasti! pa!)s of white !rystalline substan!e wei#hin# 12.33 #ras/

C & ifty three '3( heat sealed plasti! pa!)ets of white !rystalline substan!e wei#hin# +.4 #ras

lo!ally )nown as shabu, !ontainin# Methylaphetaine "ydro!hloride, a re#ulated dru#, without the !orrespondin# li!ense or

pres!ription. The ebers of the Philippine 6ational Poli!e 'P6P(, by %irtue of a ;ear!h arrant issued a#ainst den i!di!an and ipleented on July 31, 2000 resulted in the a!?uisition of said ites. The ites were

subitted to the P6P Crie 9aboratory for analysis and the result is positi%e for the presen!e of Methylaphetaine "ydro!hloride,or lo!ally )nown as shabu. 6o less than the a!!used si#ned the 7e!eipt for Confis!ated Arti!les si#nifyin# that the 7aidin# Tea of

the Philippine 6ational Poli!e had a!tually sei$ed and !onfis!ated !ertain ites or arti!les fro the herein a!!used. The prose!ution

then was able to establish the #uilt of the a!!used beyond reasonable doubt.

;e!tion 1- of Arti!le === of 7epubli! A!t 6o. -+2, as aended, )nown as the >an#erous >ru#s A!t of 1*42, as aended by 7.A.

4-* reads as follows:

;C. 1-.Possession or Use of Regulated Drugs. The penalty of re!lusion perpetua to death and a fine ran#in# fro fi%e hundred

thousand pesos to ten illion pesos shall be iposed upon any person who shall possess or use any re#ulated dru# without the

!orrespondin# li!ense or pres!ription, sube!t to the pro%isions of ;e!tion 20 hereof.

;e!tion 20, Arti!le =@ of 7epubli! A!t 6o. -+2, as aended, )nown as the >an#erous >ru#s A!t of 1*42, as aended by 7.A. 4-*

reads as follows:

;C. 20.Application of Penalties, Confiscation and Forfeiture of the Proceeds or Instruments of the Crime. The penalties for offenses

under ;e!tions 3, +, 4, and * of Arti!le == and ;e!tions 1+, 1+&A, 1 and 1- of Arti!le === of this A!t shall be applied if the dan#erousdru#s in%ol%ed is in any of the followin# ?uantities:

. . .

3. 200 #ras or ore of shabu or ethylapetaine hydro!hloride/ . . . 23!

>=> 65T 56 T" "5; "=C" A; ;A7C">.

II

T" 957 C57T 77> =6 A=9=6< T5 ;TAT =6 =T; J> 8 @=7T 5 A

;A7C" A77A6T 7 65T T76> 5@7 T5 T" =;;=6< C57T =6 @=59AT=56 5 T" 9A.

III

T" 957 C57T 77> =6 65T =6>=6< T"AT T" 7A=>=6< TAM A=9> T5 =;; A >TA=9> 7C=PT 5;=B> A7T=C9; A6> T5 =6 65T =6>=6< T"AT 8 T" 7A=>=6< TAM 57>7=6< ACC;> T5 ;=.

$he Office of the Solicitor =eneral AOS=B filed a ;anifestation and ;otion in lieu of appellees %rief pra&in# that the decision underconsideration %e re.ersed and set aside and that the appellant %e acuitted)
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?e a#ree ith the OS=) $he appeal is meritorious)

Section 1/ of rticle III of the Dan#erous Dru#s ct of 1372, as amended, pro.ides5

;C. 1-.Possession or Use of Regulated Drugs. The penalty of re!lusion perpetua to death and a fine ran#in# fro fi%e hundred

thousand pesos to ten illion pesos shall be iposed upon any person who shall possess or use any re#ulated dru# without the!orrespondin# li!ense or pres!ription, sube!t to the pro%isions of ;e!tion 20 hereof.

$he essential elements of the crime of possession of re#ulated dru#s are the folloin#5 AaB the accused is found in possession ofa re#ulated dru#4 A%B the person is not authori9ed %& la or %& dul& constituted authorities4 and, AcB the accused has noled#e that thesaid dru# is a re#ulated dru#)

InPeople vs. Tira,61!e e@plained the concept of possession of re#ulated dru#s, to it5

This !rie is ala prohibita, and as su!h, !riinal intent is not an essential eleent. "owe%er, the prose!ution ust pro%e that thea!!used had the intent to possess 'anius posidendi( the dru#s. Possession, under the law, in!ludes not only a!tual possession, but also

!onstru!ti%e possession. A!tual possession eDists when the dru# is in the iediate physi!al possession or !ontrol of the a!!used. 5n

the other hand, !onstru!ti%e possession eDists when the dru# is under the doinion and !ontrol of the a!!used or when he has the ri#ht

to eDer!ise doinion and !ontrol o%er the pla!e where it is found. D!lusi%e possession or !ontrol is not ne!essary. The a!!used!annot a%oid !on%i!tion if his ri#ht to eDer!ise !ontrol and doinion o%er the pla!e where the !ontraband is lo!ated, is shared with

another.

Thus, !on%i!tion need not be predi!ated upon eD!lusi%e possession, and a showin# of non&eD!lusi%e possession would not eDonerate

the a!!used. ;u!h fa!t of possession ay be pro%ed by dire!t or !ir!ustantial e%iden!e and any reasonable inferen!e drawn

therefro. "owe%er, the prose!ution ust pro%e that the a!!used had )nowled#e of the eDisten!e of the presen!e of the dru# in thepla!e under his !ontrol and doinion and the !hara!ter of the dru#. ;in!e )nowled#e by the a!!used of the eDisten!e and !hara!ter of

the dru#s in the pla!e where he eDer!ises doinion and !ontrol is an internal a!t, the sae ay be presued fro the fa!t that the

dan#erous dru#s is in the house or pla!e o%er whi!h the a!!used has !ontrol or doinion, or within su!h preises in the absen!e ofany satisfa!tory eDplanation.

rosecution itnesses failed to esta%lish that the house here the shabuand other shabuparaphernalias ere found %elon#s toappellant) On the other hand, defense e.idence clearl& shoed that the su%>ect house %elon#s to appellants #randmother, Elena=arcia, ho testified in direct e@amination as follos5

$$) "IVE"85

ou stated in &our personal circumstances that &ou are a resident of ;a%olo, Ce%u Cit&) Do &ou on a houseF

es, I oned a house)

?ith hom are &ou li.in# thereithF

;& #randson)

?hat is the name of &our #randson li.in# ith &ou at that houseF

'rent 8epiten)

ou stated that &ou oned a house in ;a%olo, Ce%u Cit& hich as the su%>ect of the search) Do &ou ha.e an& e.idence to sho that&ou oned that houseF

es, I ha.e)

Shoin# to &ou this machine cop& hich is $a@ Declaration No) 01+60/1 in the name of Jose =arcia) Is this the ta@ declaratione.idencin# &our onership and possession of &our houseF

es, that is the one)


4/8

?here is she li.in#F

San Vicente Villa#e, ?ireless, ;andaue Cit&)

Is accused Eden del Castillo still sin#leF

She is still sin#le)

?ith hom is she li.in# ith %efore the arrestF

$o#ether ith her auntie Edna %alle)


5/8

urtherore, the !lai of the a!!used&appellant that the ariuana was planted is stren#thened by the anner in whi!h the sear!h was

!ondu!ted by the poli!e authorities. The a!!used&appellant was seated at the sala to#ether with ;#t. 8te when they heard soeone in

the )it!hen uttered ito na. Apparently, the sear!h of the a!!used&appellants house was !ondu!ted in %iolation of ;e!tion 4, 7ule 12- ofthe 7ules of Court whi!h spe!ifi!ally pro%ides that no sear!h of a house, roo or any other preise shall be ade eD!ept in the

presen!e of the lawful o!!upant thereof or any eber of his faily or in the absen!e of the latter, in the presen!e of two '2(

witnesses of suffi!ient a#e and dis!retion residin# in the sae lo!ality. This re?uireent is andatory to ensure re#ularity in the

eDe!ution of the sear!h warrant. @iolation of said rule is in fa!t punishable under Arti!le 130 of the 7e%ised Penal Code.

As we ha%e ruled in duardo uintero %s. The 6ational ureau of =n%esti#ation, et al., a pro!edure, wherein ebers of a raidin#

party !an roa around the raided preises una!!opanied by any witness, as the only witnesses a%ailable as pres!ribed by law areade to witness a sear!h !ondu!ted by the other ebers of the raidin# party in another part of the house, is %iolati%e of both the

spirit and letter of the law.

That the raidin# party suoned two baran#ay )a#awads to witness the sear!h at the se!ond floor is of no oent. The 7ules ofCourt !learly and eDpli!itly establishes a hierar!hy aon# the witnesses in whose presen!e the sear!h of the preises ust be

!ondu!ted. Thus, ;e!tion , 7ule 12- pro%ides that the sear!h should be witnessed by two witnesses of suffi!ient a#e and dis!retion

residin# in the sae lo!ality only in the absen!e of either of the lawful o!!upant of the preises or any eber of his faily. Thus,

the sear!h of appellants residen!e !learly should ha%e been witnessed by his son Ja!)


6/8

;oreo.er, the in.entor& receipt as not certified under oath %& an& of the mem%ers of the raidin# team as reuired %& the rule %utas si#ned onl& %& appellant and her %rother)

$he trial court erred in rel&in# on the receipt of confiscated articles to esta%lish that the raidin# team had actuall& sei9ed the listeditems therein) Girst, it is hi#hl& irre#ular that the in.entor& receipt as dated Jul& 2-, 2000 hen the actual raid as conducted on Jul&61, 2000) ?e find the e@planation unaccepta%le #i.en that the receipt as alread& prepared earlier than the search) Such discrepanc&affects the inte#rit& of the in.entor& receipt) Second, appellant si#ned the receipt ithout the assistance of counsel) It as esta%lishedthat at the time she si#ned the receipt, she as alread& under custodial in.esti#ation) $he testimon& of O6 etallar is re.ealin#5

?hen &ou sa the articles sei9ed &ou ere of the impression that the& ere ille#alF

es, sir)

'ecause of that impression &ou held Eden del Castillo in custod& of the laF

es, sir)

ou handcuffed Eden del Castillo immediatel&F

No, e do AsicB not handcuffed AsicB Eden del Castillo)

lthou#h &ou do AsicB not handcuffed AsicB Eden del Castillo, the accused %ut .irtuall& she as alread& held in custod& of the laF

?e effected the arrest)

So &ou %e#un listin# don the articles hich is supposedl& sei9edF

*pon the deli.er& of the sei9ed articles from the searchin# parties I %e#an listin#)

ou listed the articles in that prepared form, correctF

es, sir)--!

In &our >oint affida.it, &ou stated in para#raph 7 $hat e informed her Constitutional "i#ht pro.ided under the 13(7 hil) ConstitutionF

es, sir)

ou informed her of her ri#ht under the Constitution %ecause &ou anted her to claim onership of the sei9ed articlesF

?e >ust informed her a%out her constitutional ri#ht)

So that after informin# her of her constitutional ri#ht she si#ned this receipt or in.entor& of sei9ed articles, correctF

es, sir)

So &ou ased her %& interro#ation or uestion hether or not &ou ill concur to the entries listed in this in.entor&F

es, sir)

ou also ased her that the search as conducted in a .er& orderl& mannerF

es, sir)

ou also ased her that nothin# as destro&ed or lost inside the houseF

es, sir)

$hat &ou also ased her that the mem%ers of the raidin# team did not in an& manner su%>ected AsicB them to unreasona%le treatmentF

es, sir)

nd that the& ere not e@posed to em%arrassmentF

es, sir)

Since &ou shoot AsicB se.eral uestions and informin# her of the constitutionAalB ri#htAsB under the 13(7 Constitution did &ou tell her that&ou ha.e the ri#ht to %e assisted %& counselF

I told her that)

) ) )

CO*"$5

fter &ou had told the accused that she is entitled to ha.e counsel no hat did the accused sa&, if an&F

She told me that she ould #et a la&er)

$$) "IVE"85

In effect, did she #et a la&erF

Not immediatel&)

) ) )

$hereafter as she a%le to #et a la&erF ?hen e arri.ed at the camp her sister told us that she had alread& hired a la&er)

In effect, did that la&er appear in the campF

I ne.er sa)

So accused ould AsicB si#n AsicB that instrument ithout the assistance of counselF

es, sir)-!

?hile O6 etallar testified that appellant as read her constitutional ri#ht, it as not clearl& shon that she as informed of herri#ht not to si#n the receipt and that it can %e used as an e.idence a#ainst her) If appellant as indeed informed of her constitutionalri#ht, it is unusual for her to si#n the receipt acnoled#in# onership of the sei9ed items ithout the assistance of counsel considerin#
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7/8

that she anted to #et a la&er) In People vs. Go,-/!e found the in.entor& receipt si#ned %& appellant inadmissi%le for %ein# .iolati.eof her custodial ri#ht to remain silent, thus5

After the in%entory had been prepared, P52 Abulen!ia presented it to appellant for his si#nature without any showin# that appellant

was infored of his ri#ht not to si#n su!h re!eipt and to the assistan!e of !ounsel. 6either was he warned that the sae !ould be usedas e%iden!e a#ainst hi. a!ed with siilar !ir!ustan!es, this Court in People %.


8/8

11!$SN, Octo%er 12, 2000, pp) 7+10 AetallarB4 and, $SN, Januar& -, 2001, pp) 16+1- A'orina#aB)

12!$SN, Septem%er 21, 2000, pp) +/ A'au9onB4 $SN,Octo%er 12, 2000, p) 1- AetallarB4 and, $SN, Januar& 3, 2001, pp) /+7 A'orina#aB)

16!$SN, Septem%er 21, 2000, p)1( A'au9onB4 and, $SN, Octo%er 12, 2000, p) ( AetallarB)

1-!$SN,Octo%er 12, 2000, p) 3 AetallarB)

1!$SN, Septem%er 21, 2000, p) ( A'au9onB4 $SN,Octo%er 12, 2000, p) 3 AetallarB4 and, $SN, Januar& 3, 2001, p) 7 A'orina#aB)

1/!$SN, Decem%er , 2000, pp) -+7)

17!$SN, Ge%ruar& 1, 2001, p) -)

1(!%d) at p) )

13!%d) at p) /)

20!$SN, Ge%ruar& 1, 2001, p) - AElenaB4 $SN, Ge%ruar& 27, 2001, p) - AJaimeB4 and, $SN, ;arch 16, 2001, p) / AappellantB)

21!$SN, Ge%ruar& 1, 2001, p) 7 AElenaB4 $SN, Ge%ruar& 27, 2001, p) AJaimeB4 and, $SN, ;arch 16, 2001, p) / AappellantB)

22!$SN, Ge%ruar& 1, 2001, p) ( AElenaB4 $SN, Ge%ruar& 27, 2001, p) / AJaimeB4 and, $SN, ;arch 16, 2001, p) 7 AappellantB)

26!$SN, ;arch 16, 2001, p) 7)

2-!%d) at p) ()

2!%bid)

2/!%d) at p) 3)

27!Ori#inal "ecords, pp) 102+103)

2(!%d) at p) 103)

23!%d) at pp)10(+103)

60!$ollo, pp) 6+-)

61!=)") No) 163/1, ;a& 2(, 200-)

62!$SN, Ge%)1, 2001, pp) -+)

66!$SN, Octo%er 12, 2000, p)10)

6-!%d) at p) 11)

6!$SN, Januar& -, 2001, p) 1-)

6/!eople vs) Dichoso, 226 SC" 17-, 131 A1336B, citin# 'ur#os vs) Chief of Staff, 166 SC" (00 A13(-B)

67!$SN, Octo%er 12, 2000, p) 16)

6(!$SN, Januar& -, 2001, pp) 10+11)

63!$SN, Septem%er 21, 2000, p) 12 A'au9onB4 $SN, Octo%er 12, 2000, p) 12 AetallarB4 and, $SN, Januar& -, 2001, p) 3 A'orina#aB)

-0!=)") No) 1--/63, Septem%er 12, 2006)

-1!$SN, Octo%er 12, 2000, p) 3)

-2!213 SC" 7-6 A1336B)

-6!%d) at pp) 76+7-)

--!$SN, No.em%er 3, 2000, pp) 6+-)

-!%d) at pp) 7+3)

-/!See note -0)

-7!eople vs) "amos, 1(/ SC" 1(-, 131 A1330B)

-(!rt) III, Section 12A1B)

-3!=)") No) 1-3-/2, ;arch 23, 200-)
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