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Conscious and non-conscious conditioning in anxiety. Anne Richards, Naz Derakshan & Leor Shoker School of Psychology Birkbeck College. Amygdala and prefrontal activity in anxiety. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Conscious and non-conscious conditioning in anxiety
Anne Richards, Naz Derakshan & Leor Shoker
School of PsychologyBirkbeck College
Amygdala and prefrontal activity in anxiety Amygdala & hippocampus active for attended and unattended emotion, but may be
stronger for unattended (Critchley et al, 2000; Habel et al., 2007; Keightly et al., 2003; Morris et al., 1998; Walen et al., 1998).
Prefrontal cortical activity is associated with attempts to regulate the outcome of attentional, interpretative and associative processes triggered by threat cue (e.g., Kalisch et al., 2006; Milad et al., 2007).
Outcome of attentional competition between neutral task and threat distractor possibly determined by relative strength of modulatory signals from PFC (supporting task-relevant processing) and amygdala (supporting threat stimuli) (Bishop, 2007).
Unmasked Stroop Masked Stroop
Unmasked Conditioning √ X
Masked Conditioning X √
Predictions:
1. Amygdala activity for unmasked conditioning/Stroop and for masked conditiong/Stroop. More activity for anxious. More activity for masked?
2. Prefrontal activity for unmasked conditoning/Stroop, but larger for non-anxious
3. Behavioural effect for high-anxious for Congruent conditioning/Stroop
4. Affective ratings of masked and unmasked stimuli to check for conditioning success
Amygdala active both groups, stronger in anxiousPrefrontal: more active non-anxious
Amygdala active both groups, stronger in anxious
Richards & Blanchette (2004; submitted), Richards et al. (2007, submitted)
Design Behavioural- Pre-test for anxiety (high vs. low)- Masked and Unmasked Conditioning (fMRI)
Masked and Unmasked Stroop (fMRI)
- 2 (masked vs. unmasked) x 2 (negatively- vs neutrally-conditioned)
Affective Ratings
nimburnimur
nimburnimur
Negative Neutral
DesignSpecs:
Conditioning (50 negative, 50 neutral).
•duration ~= 15 mins
Stroop task
• duration ~= 16 mins
fMRI
• Whole brain fMRI (TR=3, TE=50ms, 3x3x3mm resolution)
• ISI: 4-6 seconds
• TR: 2282 ms/32 slices
• 160 trials
• 40 per condition
• Block design
•Collecting behavioural Stroop data
Affective Ratings
• Awareness Checkduration ~= 15 mins
Participants:
• 32, right-handed, 16 high and 16
low-anxious (pre-screened)
• recruited from Birkbeck Participant
Panel
• No clinical history