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Connective Tissue
1
• General characteristics:
•_____________________________________________
• Have many functions: • Bind structures• Provide support and protection• Serve as frameworks• Fill spaces• Store fat• Produce blood cells• Protect against infections• Help repair tissue damage
• •___________________________________________________
Extracellular Matrix
•There is an abundance of extracellular matrix (ECM) between the cells.*The ECM is a complex and changing mix of molecules that modifies the tissue to suit different organs and conditions. *Composed of many _____________________ and ground substance .*Serves as scaffolding to organize cells into tissues, and relays Biochemical signals that control cellular activities.
________________________________________ - consists of a variety of proteins, other molecules and fluid. Varies in consistency from fluid to semisolid to solid.*Binds, supports, and provides a medium through which substances
3 Major Cell Types
3
• __________________________• Fixed cell• Most common cell in C.T. • Produce fibers by secreting
protein into extracellular matrix
• ___________________________• Wandering cell• Phagocytic • Important in injury or infection
– acts as a scavenger to clear foreign particles
• _____________________________• Fixed cell• Release heparin - anticoagulant• Release histamine – causes the itching and swelling
associated with inflammation and allergies
3 Fiber Types Present
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• _________________________• Thick• Composed of collagen• Great tensile strength • Abundant in dense CT• Hold structures together• Tendons, ligaments
• ____________________________• Bundles of microfibrils
embedded in elastin• Fibers branch• Elastic• Vocal cords, air passages
• __________________________________• Very thin collagenous fibers• Highly branched• Form supportive networks
Loose Connective Tissue
5
• Loose Connective Tissue (3 kinds)
1) ______________________________________*Forms delicate, thin membranes throughout body*Fibroblast cells spread apart within a gel-like ground substance containing many collagen and elastic fibers*Binds skin to underlying tissue and fills spaces between muscles; Underlies most layers of epithelium where its many blood vessels
) )
1) Areolar connective tissue
2) ______________________________________
• Adipocytes (fat cells• Stores fat; Cushions & insulate• Beneath skin, behind eyeballs, around kidneys and heart
CollagenousFibers
White blood cell
Fibroblast
3) _______________________________________• Composed of thin, collagenous fibers in a 3-Dimensional
network• Supportive framework of liver, spleen, and lymphatic
organs
Dense Connective Tissue
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Dense C.T. (3 kinds):
1) __________________________________________• many closely packed collagenous fibers & fine network of
elastic fibers• Few fibroblasts• Very strong, able to withstand pulling forces • Poor blood supply• Binds body parts together as ________________________
__________________________________________________(a
Fibroblasts
Collagenousfibers
Dense Regular C.T.
Collagenfibers
Fibroblasts
2) __________________________________________• Collagen fibers are thicker, interwoven, and more
randomly organized – allows tissue to sustain tension from many different directions
Located in the ___________________________________
Collagenfibers
Fibroblast
Elasticfibers
3) ________________________________________• Abundant elastic fibers in parallel strands or branching
networks; some collagenous fibers• Fibroblasts
• ________________________________________________
Supporting Connective Tissue
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A. ______________________________ • Rigid matrix
• ___________________________________ in lacunae• Poor blood supply• 3 types of cartilage
1) ____________________________________________ Looks like white glass, has very fine collagen fibers
• Most abundant type of cartilage• Embryonic skeleton begins as “model” of hyaline cartilage• •___________________________________________________
2) _____________________________________________ Dense network of elastic fibers
• Most flexible cartilage• • ______________________________________________
3) __________________________________________ Many collagenous fibers
• Very tough – shock absorber• • ________________________________________________
Supporting Connective Tissue
B. _____________________________• Most rigid C.T.• Hardness due to mineralization; Contains abundant collagenous
fibers which are flexible and reinforce the bone• Osteoblasts - deposit the bone matrix in concentric layers,
(lamellae); Live in lacunae within the matrix• Bones of Skeleton – Framework for body movement, protects,
stores minerals, bone marrow makes blood cells
Fluid Connective Tissue•Blood – 4 components:
1)_______________________– fluid matrix
2) ___________________________ – red blood cells Transport
gases3) ___________________________ - white blood cells
Fight infection4)___________________________ – Cell fragments
Clot blood
Fills the circulatory system to transport materials, fight infection, form clots
Blood – 4 Main Components
Muscle Tissue
• General characteristics:• Muscle cells also called_______________________________ • Contractile
• Three (3) types:• Skeletal muscle• Smooth muscle• Cardiac muscle
Muscle Tissue
1) _______________________________________• Attached to bones• Striated• Voluntary
Muscle Tissue
2) ____________________________________________• Walls of organs, blood vessels• Involuntary• Non-striated
Muscle Tissue
3) ___________________________________________ • Heart wall• Involuntary• Striated plus intercalated discs
Nervous Tissue
Nervous tissue - found in the brain, spinal cord and peripheralnerves.
A) _____________________________– highly specializedcells that sense changes and respond by transmitting nerve impulses.
Coordinate, regulate and integrate body activities
B) __________________________________– supportive cells
Nervous Tissue
4 Types of Membranes
A. Epithelial membranes – Sheets of cells with underlying C.T. 3 types:
1) _____________________________________ – line body cavities that do not open to the outside and cover organs in these cavities (thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities). Secrete serous fluid that reduces friction.
2) _____________________________________– line body cavities that do open to the outside (oral and nasal cavities and tubes of the digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive systems). May contain goblet cells that secrete mucus.
3) ______________________________________ – Skin. Part of the integumentary system
B. _________________________________________ – made entirely of C.T. Lines synovial joints.