“Connecting the Next Billion People” by Extending

8/14/2019 Connecting the Next Billion People by Extending

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Connecting the NextBillion PeopleBy extendingthe reach of broadbandaccess and mobile PCapplications .

Gogte Institute of Technology

Presented by: Nishmitha.S

3rd Semester, C.SG.I.T Girls HostelTilakwadiBelgaum.

0831-2485663E-mail:[email protected]

Prema. Komar 3 rd Semester, C.SG.C.C Womens HostelTilakwadiBelgaum

0831-5201218 .E-mail: [email protected]


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6. Conclusion

7. Appendix

1 Glossary

8. References


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2.0 INTRODUCTION

WiMAX, an acronym for Wireless Interoperability Microwave ACCess, is a wireless digital


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communications system, also known as IEEE 802.16 implemented by the Institute of Electrical

and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), that is intended for wireless "metropolitan area networks".

The two driving forces of modern Internet are broadband and wireless. The

WiMAX standard combines the two, delivering high-speed broadband Internet access over a

wireless connection. Because it can be used over relatively long distances, it is an effective

last mile solution for delivering broadband to the home, and for creating wireless hot spots

in places like airports, college campuses, and small communities.

WiMAX can provide Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) up to 30 miles (50 km) for fixed

stations, and 3 - 10 miles (5 - 15 km) for mobile stations. In contrast, the WiFi/802.11 wireless

local area network standard is limited in most cases to only 100 - 300 feet (30 - 100m).

With WiMAX, WiFi-like data rates are easily supported, but the issue of interference is

lessened.

` A wireless connection can be either licensed or unlicensed. In the US, licensed

connections use a private spectrum the user has secured rights to from the FCC. In other

countries, spectrum is licensed from the country's national radio communications authority

(such as the ACMA in Australia). Licensing is usually expensive and often reserved for large

companies who wish to guarantee private access to spectrum for use in point to point

communication. Because of this, most wireless ISP's use unlicensed spectrum which is publicly

shared and therefore more prone interference.

WiMAX operates on both licensed and non-licensed frequencies, providing a regulated

environment and viable economic model for wireless carriers.

WiMAX can be used for wireless networking in much the same way as the more common


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WiFi protocol. WiMAX is a second-generation protocol that allows for more efficient

bandwidth use, interference avoidance, and is intended to allow higher data rates over long

distances.

Fig. 1.0 Broadband Wireless Access

Fig. 1.1 Broadband Wireless Access

1.1 What Is the Challenge?

The challenge is bringing broadband access to individuals and firms in under-served areas.

While many individual and in urban, high-density areas. Current infrastructurestypically

offered by DSL or cable providersresult in limited coverage and a focus on cable television


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delivery.

To extend service to new, less-populated markets, providers must often engineer entirely new

infrastructures of high-speed broadband access at their fingertips, its still a service thats

concentrated the ground up. This, in turn, drives up service pricing, slowing adoption in these

areas. Even under ideal circumstances, telecommunications companies require several months

to install new T1 lines and other enterprise-level data connections from business customers

now have the luxury

In addition to location limitations, DSL and cable technologies usually deliver limited upstream

bandwidth, which can be a substantial limitation for commercial customersespecially those

hosting Web-based resources or supporting substantial remote-user bases.

Much of the credit for the formation of the WiMAX Forum" and the notion of the WiMAX

initiative must go the founding members of the Forum, which committed themselves early to

the process of creating a collaborative standards body.

Once Intel came aboard it recognized that for the broadband wireless industry (both fixed and

mobile broadband wireless) to gain traction and wide acceptance that both hardware prices

must decline and a consistent operating environment must be cemented into place.

The key point of launch however, had to begin with the silicon chip manufacturers whose chip


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products would form the core of WiMAX technology value and capability. Intel deserves a

great deal of credit for helping drive this process.

2.0 WORKING

2.1 A WiMAX system consists of two parts: (figure 2.1.)

A WiMAX tower, similar in concept to a cell-phone tower - A single WiMAX tower

can provide coverage to a very large area -- as big as 3,000 square miles (~8,000 square km).

A WiMAX receiver - The receiver and antenna could be a small box or Personal

Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) card, or they could be built into

a laptop the way Wi-Fi access is today.

[However, IEEE has finalized the mobile WiMAX standard that will form the basis of

Maxtrino in your laptop mobile broadband that will cover entire cities and wont need a

clunky PCMCIA card with pop-up antenna to work.]

A WiMAX tower station can connect directly to the Internet using a high-bandwidth wired

connection (for example, a T3 line). It can also connect to another WiMAX tower using a

line-of-sight, microwave link. This connection to a second tower along with the ability of a

single tower to cover up to 3,000 square miles is what allows WiMAX to provide coverage to

remote rural areas.


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fig. 2.1

2.2 WiMAX actually can provide two forms of wireless service: (figure 2.2)

There is the non-line-of-sight, Wi-Fi sort of service, where a small antenna on your


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fig. 2.2

Under the "super Wi-Fi" plan (the non-line-of-sight implementation), cities might pay to have

WiMAX base stations set up in key areas for business and commerce and then allow people to

use them for free. They already do this with Wi-Fi, but instead of putting in a bunch of Wi-Fi

hot spots that cover a few hundred square yards, a city could pay for one WiMAX base station


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This roundup of what is happening in the much-hyped world of WiMAX is broken down into

fixed and mobile WiMAX.

WiMAX Forum is supporting two 802.16 technologies Orthogonal Frequency Division

Multiplexing (OFDM) 256 and scalable Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Access

(OFDMA). What WiMAX has adopted for fixed is the OFDM 256 mode and for mobility,

theyre pushing the scalable OFDMA mode.

Each technology has particular strengths for particular applications. The difference between the

two is how they deal with the channel characteristics. In a mobile environment, your channels

are going to be rapidly varying, and theyve designed the Physical Layer (PHY) around that

fact. And the more mobile you get, the more challenging the channel is to deal with.

Fixed WiMAX 802.16d is awaiting the promulgation of final standards and certification

procedures. Both of these seem to be on the way, the piece says. The writer breaks the fixed

WiMAX market into four potential competitive categories: for the last mile, for rural

customers, for hotspot backhaul and for niche opportunities. Mobile WiMAX, which many see

as the potentially bigger of the two markets, is a bit further out. Intel is pushing this platform

802.16e hard. 802.16e software will end up in notebooks, PDAs and other devices in

2006. And here is the 'Worlds first' mobile WiMAX smart phone:


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WiMAX technology is the solution for many types of high-bandwidth applications at the same

time across long distances and will enable service carriers to converge the all-IP-based network


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for triple-play services data, voice, and video.

WiMAX with its Quality of Service (QoS) support, longer reach, and high data capacity is

positioned for fixed broadband access applications in rural areas, particularly when distance is

too large for DSL and cable, as well as in urban/suburban areas of developing countries.

Among applications for residential are high speed Internet, Voice Over IP telephony and

streaming video / online gaming with additional applications for enterprise such as Video

conferencing and Video surveillance, secured Virtual Private Network (with need for high

security). WiMAX technology allows covering applications with media content requesting

more bandwidth.

5.1 CELLULAR BACKHAUL: Wireless Backhaul is used in approximately 80 percent

of European cellular towers. The robust bandwidth of WiMAX technology makes it an

excellent choice for backhaul for commercial enterprises such as hotspots as well as

point-to-point backhaul applications.

5.2 VOICE OVER IP TELEPHONY: Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) allows people to

make local, long-distance and even international calls through a broadband Internet connection,

bypassing phone companies entirely. If WiMAX-compatible computers become very common,

the use of VoIP could increase dramatically. Almost anyone with a laptop could make VoIP

calls.

5.2 BROADBAND ON DEMAND: Last mile wireless broadband access can help to

accelerate the deployment of IEEE 802.16 hotspots and home/small office wireless

LANs, especially in those areas served by cable or DSL or in areas where local

company may have a long lead time for provisioning broadband service. Broadband


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in the command center would remain in communication at all times.

6.0 CONCLUSION

We have shown how WiMAX Technology enhances the delivery of last mile wireless

broadband access. We have demonstrated its working, provided its applications and advantages

over the Wi-Fi networks.

The real driving force behind the effort is competition. WiMAX has the Third Generation (3G)

market to compete against. Theyre trying to make their foothold into the broadband wireless

mobile market, in terms of being able to have things rolling out, showing that there is this

upgrade path as we move on to providing mobile WiMAX products.

As a technology platform leader and a founding board member of the WiMAX Forum, Intel is

evolving and accelerating the adoption of WiMAX industry standards and specific end- user

solutions, bringing true broadband access to entire metropolitan areas, rural areas and

other locations where it hasnt been logistically feasible or cost-efficient in the past. It is

actively participating in these industry efforts to help reduce investment risks for operators and

service providers while enabling them to more cost effectively take advantage of the

tremendous market potential of wireless broadband access.

What is going in WiMaxs favour, though, is that it will be built into every laptop - Intel says

from 2006 onwards . 3G-access hardware, on the other hand will never reach the same

production economies of scale as WiMAX, so it will naturally be more expensive.

Analysts believe the WiMAX Market will be worth anywhere from $3 billion to $5 billion by

2009.Hence this shows the immense potential the technology has . Soon, WiMAX will be a

very well recognized term to describe wireless Internet access throughout the world.


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WIMAX IS DEFINITELY A REVOLUTION.

Word count: 3101

(Excluding Abstract)


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Interoperability: The capability of two or more hardware devices or two or more software

routines to work harmoniously together. For example, in an Ethernet network, display adapters,

hubs, switches and routers from different vendors must conform to the Ethernet standard and

interoperate with each other. The term tends to be widely used with networking equipment.

Last Mile: Last-mile technology is any telecommunications technology, such as wireless

radio, that carries signals from the broad telecommunication along the relatively short distance

(hence, the "last mile") to and from the home or business.

PCMCIA: an international trade association and standards body cognizant of several device

standards including PC Cards, Miniature Card, and others. PCMCIA is also used to describe

PC Cards themselves, often referred to as PCMCIA Cards.

PDA: Personal Digital Assistant, sometimes referred to as Palms or Palm Pilot after an

early PDA created by Palm Inc.


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8.0 References

http://www.wimax.com

http://www.wimaxforum.org

http://www.wisegeek.com

http://www.answers.com

http://www.howstuffworks.com

http://www.wimaxtrends.com


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“Connecting the Next Billion People” by Extending