Connecticut's Freedom Trail

7/27/2019 Connecticut's Freedom Trail

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CONNECTICUTFreedom Trail



TRAVEL

the Freedom Trail!

Be sure not to miss the kids only section where you can color your

very own Freedom Trail Quilt or learn about Private William Webb and what itwas like to be a soldier in Connecticut’s all-black 29th Regiment!

check our website where youcan nd details about every siteon the Trail.

look at the calendar to see FreedomTrail events going on throughout thestate during September, Connecticut’sFreedom Trail Month.

stay tuned to our Site o theMonth, which highlights a dierentFreedom Trail site each month.

fnd out how to get yourproperty listed on the ConnecticutFreedom Trail.

In recognizing the importance to Connecticut of numeroussites in the state that are associated with the heritage and

movement towards freedom of Connecticut’s African

American citizens, in 1995, the Connecticut General

Assembly authorized that these locations be developed

into a Freedom Trail.

The Connecticut Freedom Trail is proof of the rich

historic spirit that is alive and well in the beautiful state

of Connecticut. The Freedom Trail is home to over 120

heritage sites in nearly 50 towns including: buildings

reported to have been used on the Underground Railroad;sites associated with the Amistad Case of 1839-1842; and

gravesites, monuments, homes and other structures that

embody the struggle toward freedom and human dignity

and celebrate the accomplishments of the state’s African

American community.

In the following pages, please nd a brief guide to many of the

sites on the Freedom Trail. For easy reference, the last page

contains information on sites open to the public as museums.

So go on and travel the Freedom Trail, escape on theUnderground Railroad, sail the Amistad and explore

the concept of freedom! It’s a great ride to freedom

and you are free to take it!

We hope you enjoy traveling the Freedom Trail!

Administration o the Connecticut Freedom Trail is the responsibilityo the Connecticut Commission on Culture & Tourism (CCT) and theAmistad Committee, Inc. o New Haven.

PRIVATE PROPERTY [PP]Some o the sites described herein are private property and can only beobserved rom a public road. Grounds o a private property should not beentered or an owner approached. A property owner can have anyone arrestedon his/her propert y, whether or not a “No Trespassing” sign is posted.

ctreedomtrail.org



CONTENTSTable o

The Amistad Case 4

Amistad Sites in Connecticut 6

Abolitionism and the Underground Railroad 10in Connecticut

Underground Railroad Stops in Connecticut 15

African American Churches 16

Pioneering Women of Color 20

Art and Monuments 24

Freedom Trail Map 28

Concept of Freedom 30

Sites Index 32

Freedom Trail Sites Open to the Public 36

ctfreedomtrail.org

L to R: Francis Gillette House, Bloomfe ld; Old State House, Hartord; Hart Porter Homestead, Manchester; Joseph Rainey House, Windsor Connecticut State Library

Shaker Village, Enfeld National Register o Historic Places, CCT



4 5Connecticut Freedom Trail ctfreedomtrail.org

The Amistad Case

On June 28, 1839, the Spanish ship La Amistad left a port in Havana,

Cuba with 49 men, 1 boy and 3 girls kidnapped from Mendeland, Africa,

modern-day Sierra Leone. They were being taken to Puerto Principe,

Cuba for a lifetime of slavery. Before the ship reached its destination,

the Mende Africans seized control and forced the Spanish owners tosail towards Africa, using the sun as a guide. At night, however, the

owners sailed northward, hoping to come ashore in a Southern slave

state in America. Instead, the ship entered the waters of Long Island

Sound where the U.S. Navy took it into custody. The vessel was

towed into New London harbor and moored at Lawrence Wharf,

near the U.S. Custom House.

The Mende Africans were eventually placed in jail in New Haven

while their fate became a major legal case that took two years to

resolve. Although the primary issue was whether the Mende Africans

were to be considered slaves or free, the long process led the public’s

attention to focus on the rights of African Americans in the United

States and on moral, social, religious, diplomatic and political

questions. Former President John Quincy Adams successfully defended

the Mende Africans before the U.S. Supreme Court, and in February

1841, they were declared free.

In March 1841, the Mende Africans were sent to Farmington to

live while funds were raised for their return home to Sierra Leone,

Africa. In November, the 37 surviving Mende Africans sailed towards

their homeland as free individuals. Along with them were ve

missionaries who were sent under the auspices of the newly formed

Union Missionary Society, a forerunner of the American Missionary Association. The group reached Sierra Leone in January 1842.

Replica o La Amistad Amistad America, Inc.

Cinque, painting by Nathaniel Jocelyn, 1840New Haven Museum




Farmington

The Farmington Historical Society,138 Main Street, oers guided tourso those sites associated with theAmistad Case.

Austin F. Williams Houseand Carriage House127 Main Street [PP]The carriage house on this propertywas the primary home or the MendeAricans during their stay in Farmington.This site is privately owned and notopen to the public.

Canal House and Pitkin Basin128 Garden StreetThe Pitkin Basin is the location whereFoone, one o the Mende Aricans,

drowned while swimming. At the canalhouse, the Mende Aricans embarkedon the Farmington Canal to othertowns to give exhibitions and raisemoney or their return to Arica.

First Church o Christ,Congregational75 Main StreetThe First Church supported the MendeAricans through its members whoprovided clothing, housing, educationand Christian teaching to them whilethey lived in Farmington.

[*] Indicates a site open to thepublic as a museum.

[PP] Indicates private property.

First Churc h o Christ, Congregational, FarmingtonWhitney Bayers, CCTSITESin Connecticut

Amistad

Austin F. William s Carriag e House, FarmingtonJoanne Lawson, Farmington Historical Society

Norton House11 Mountain Spring Road [PP]John Treadwell Norton (1795-1869)was a major supporter o the MendeAricans and was also a oundingmember o the Farmington Anti-

Slavery Society in 1836. This homeis privately owned and not opento the public.

Reverend Noah Porter House116 Main Street [PP]Noah Porter (c. 1782-1866) was theminister o the First Church o Christ,Congregational and an abolitionist.One o the Mende Arican girls, Margru,stayed with his amily. This homeis privately owned and not opento the public.

Riverside CemeteryGarden StreetRiverside Cemetery is where Foone,one o the Mende Aricans, is buried.Notable abolitionists interred hereinclude Austin F. Williams, JohnTreadwell Norton and Samuel Deming.

Samuel Deming Store2 Mill LaneWhen the Mende Aricans arrived inFarmington, Samuel Deming (b. 1798)provided second-foor quarters at his

store. The space was later set up as aschool where they attended classes.

Union Hall13 Church Street [PP]Church women met here in 1841to sew clothing or the MendeAricans when they came to town.This property is privately owned

and not open to the public.

Foone’s Grav e, Ri verside Cemetery, Farmington, CT Cora Murray, CCT




New Haven Museum114 Whitney Avenue [*]The New Haven Museum containsmany artiacts related to the Amistadtrial, including a portrait o JosephCinque, the leader o the Mende

Aricans who revolted on La Amistad .

Roger Sherman BaldwinLaw Ofce123 Church Street [PP]Roger Sherman Baldwin (1793-1863),New Haven lawyer and abolitionist,represented the Mende Aricansbeore the U.S. Circuit and DistrictCourts in Connecticut, 1839-1840.With John Quincy Adams, he wonreedom or the Mende Aricansbeore the U.S. Supreme Court in1841. This building is privatelyowned and not open to the public.

United Church on the Green323 Temple StreetThis building was originally known asthe North Church (Congregational),which merged with the Third Church(Congregational) in 1884 to createthe United Church. Several memberso the two earlier congregationswere abolitionists who assisted NewHaven’s ree black community. Theyincluded Roger Sherman Baldwin,

Nathaniel and Simeon Jocelyn andthe Reverend Samuel Dutton.

New London

Custom House Maritime Museum150 Bank Street [*]The U.S. Custom House, built in 1833,was where the cargo o La Amistad was auctioned in October, 1840.The Custom House is a museum aswell as a working Custom House.

U.S. Custom House, New LondonNew London Maritime Society

Amistad Plaque, U.S. Custom House, New LondonNew London Maritime Society

Hartord

Old State House800 Main Street [*]One o several trials that involvedthe ate o the Mende Aricans washeld here. At the gate to the entrance

on Main Street, there is a statue oCinque, the leader o the kidnappedMende Aricans, at the top o afagpole. The building is a NationalHistoric Landmark.

Litchfeld

Tapping Reeve Law School82 South Street [*]It was here that the rst curriculumor practicing common law wasestablished. Deending attorney orthe Mende Aricans, Roger Sherman

Baldwin (1793-1863), studied lawat this school.

New Haven

Battell ChapelElm and College Streets [PP]Battell Chapel represents the rolethat Yale Divinity School aculty andstudents played in assisting the MendeAricans. This property is privatelyowned and not open to the public.

Center Church on the Green

250 Temple StreetCenter Church had a congregationthat was involved in developingsupport or the Mende Aricans.

Freedom Schooner Amistad 389 Long Whar Drive [*]The Freedom Schooner Amistad is areplica o the historic cargo ship andtravels as an educational ambassador,teaching lessons o history, cooperationand leadership in the many portsit visits. Long Whar is the replica’shome port.

Old State House, Hartord Robert Gregson, CCT

Tapping Reeve Law School, Litchfeld Jack McConnell

New Haven Museum, New HavenWhitney Bayers, CCT

Roger Sherman BaldwinConnecticut State Library

Center Church on the Green ( L ) ,United Church on the Green ( R ) ,

New Haven Green, New HavenMichael Melord






Young William Winters Deep River Historical Society

Underground RailroadSlavery existed in America from the earliest period of colonial settlement

at the beginning of the 17th century until it was abolished in 1865 by

passage of the 13th Amendment. While some slaves became free through

legal means, many who wanted freedom chose to escape from their owners and nd a safe location. This practice began during America’s

colonial period and led to laws that penalized persons who assisted

runaway slaves. In 1793, the United States government passed its

Fugitive Slave Act that allowed for the capture and return to slavery of

any runaway slave living in a free state. As it developed over the years, the

Underground Railroad, which was neither underground nor a railroad,

provided a series of safe havens, or stations, for fugitive slaves who were

making their way to the Northern states, Canada or other locations.

The North Star was a guide for runaway slaves leaving the South, but once

on the Underground Railroad, the participants were conducted by foot,

wagon, horse or boat to a private house, barn or church where they wouldbe hidden until it was possible to send them to the next northward-bound

location. This operation required the cooperation of free African Americans,

Native Americans and whites. It also required secrecy since free participants

could be charged with breaking the law in helping slaves escape their

owners. This secrecy has made it difcult to document fully what

buildings in Connecticut were used in the Underground Railroad

and often this information survived only in oral tradition.

Fugitive slaves entered Connecticut at a number of points. Some passed

through the state by way of Stamford, New Haven or Old Lyme, often

traveling on to Farmington, the “Grand Central Station” in Connecticut.From there they headed north to Westeld or Springeld, Massachusetts.

Some traveled to Springeld by way of Middletown, Hartford and other

communities along the Connecticut River. Those who passed through the

state by way of New London or Westerly, Rhode Island, went north to

Norwich and Putnam, and then to Worcester, Massachusetts. A western

Connecticut route included Waterbury, New Milford, Washington,

Torrington, Winchester and Winsted. Slaves escaping on the Underground

Railroad would sometimes choose to settle in communities along the

way. There are several examples of these communities on the Freedom

Trail, including “Little Liberia” in Bridgeport, Jail Hill in Norwich and

the William Winters Neighborhood in Deep River.Some of the buildings listed cannot be documented with precision.

Their inclusion on the Freedom Trail, however, is based on written

histories, studies and traditions.

Abolitionism and theUnderground Railroadin Connecticut

Abolition

The abolitionist movement in Connecticut

and elsewhere involved both white and

African American individuals, free and

enslaved, male and female, famous and

not famous who committed themselves

to work together to eradicate slavery. In

1837, in its Fourth Annual Report, the

American Anti-Slavery Society identied

29 anti-slavery societies in Connecticut.

To accomplish their goal, abolitionists

employed various methods including

colonization schemes, legal and political

action, emphasizing slavery as a sin and

“moral suasion” or appealing to the ethical

principles of the public to convince them

that slavery was wrong. The weapons

used included anti-slavery publications,

conferences, public speeches, purchases,

legal challenges, petitions to the

General Assembly and the U.S. Congress,

Underground Railroad activity and

even armed rebellion. Unpopular even

among some who opposed slavery,

abolitionists were often viewed as

“fanatics” who jeopardized the

stability of the country.

House owned by Isaac Truitt, Leverett Bema n Historic District,11 Vine Street, MiddletownJanice Cunningham, CCT

David Ruggles, Norwich,undated charcoal print Negro Almanac Collection, Amistad

Research Center, Tulane University

10 Connecticut Freedom Trail






Prudence Crandall Museum, Canterbury Jack McConnell

Deep River

William Winters Neighborhood

Winter Avenue and Mitchell LaneMaking his way rom South Carolinato Philadelphia, Daniel Fisher(c. 1808-1900) was assisted byUnderground Railroad agents. Fisherwalked rom New Haven to Deep River.Once settled in the town, he changedhis name to William Winters and worea wig to avoid capture and return toenslavement in South Carolina. Winterslater owned property around WinterAvenue, a street named or him.A small but stable Arican Americancommunity was established in this area

as amily, riends and others migratedrom the South. Winters is buried inthe Fountain Hill Cemetery nearby.

Enfeld

Shaker VillageShaker Road near Taylor Road [PP]This area was once occupied by theonly Shaker settlement in Connecticut.Dissenting rom many activities oAmerican society, the Shakers wereassociated with reorm movements,including eminism, pacism and

abolitionism. The diary o one memberrecords the visits o ugitive slaves tothe settlement, including SojournerTruth, who spoke at the meetinghouse on Shaker Road. This propertyis privately owned and not opento the public.

Farmington

Elijah Lewis House1 Mountain Spring Road [PP]Elijah Lewis (b. 1810) was an abolitionistin Farmington and the home he lived in

has been identied as an UndergroundRailroad station. Lewis shelteredugitive slaves in a space at the baseo his chimney. This home is privatelyowned and not open to the public.

Samuel Deming House66 Main Street [PP]This was the home o Samuel (b. 1798)and Catherine (b. 1801) Deming.Samuel was an outspoken abolitionist.Catherine was among many

Farmington women who raised moneyand signed petitions to help theabolitionist cause. Their home wasan Underground Railroad station.This home is privately owned andnot open to the public.

Smith-Cowles House27 Main Street [PP]Horace (1782-1841) and Mary Ann(1784-1837) Cowles wereUnderground Railroad stationmasterswho hid ugitive slaves here. Thishome is privately owned and notopen to the public.

Glastonbury

Kimberly Mansion1625 Main Street [PP]The Smith amily used this house asa base or its anti-slavery activitiesthroughout the 19th century. The veSmith sisters and their parents hostedabolitionist meetings, permitted anti-slavery lectures on the lawn, distributed

literature and obtained signatureson anti-slavery petitions. This homeis privately owned and not opento the public.

Bloomfeld

Francis Gillette House545 Bloomfeld Avenue [PP]Francis Gillette (1807-1879), aprominent abolitionist and politician,sheltered slaves on the UndergroundRailroad in his home during the earlyyears o the movement. This homeis privately owned and not opento the public.

Brooklyn

Friendship Valley60 Pomret Road [PP]This was the home (built c. 1795) oabolitionist George Benson (1752-1836)and amily, staunch supporters oPrudence Crandall and her school inCanterbury. During her trial, Crandalland some o her students stayed thenight here. Abolitionist and editor oThe Liberator , William Lloyd Garrisonwas married to Benson’s daughter,Helen Eliza Benson, in the parlor o

Friendship Valley in 1834. This homeis privately owned and not open tothe public.

Old Windham County Courthouse(Brooklyn Town Hall)4 Wol Den RoadThe Prudence Crandall trial was heldhere on August 23, 1833. Crandall was jailed or one night in the basemento the courthouse ollowing hertrial. Mary, one o George Benson’sdaughters, voluntarily spent the

night with Crandall in her cell.

Samuel May House73 Pomret Road [PP]Reverend Samuel May (1798-1875) wasone o the rst members o the NationalAnti-Slavery Society. When PrudenceCrandall wanted to open a school orblack girls in nearby Canterbury, SamuelMay came to her aid and was also a

great supporter o Crandall throughher trial. This home is privately ownedand not open to the public.

Unitarian Meeting House7 Hartord RoadSamuel May became the church’s rstUnitarian pastor in 1822. He was areormer, organizing a temperancesociety, the Windham County PeaceSociety and speaking out against slavery.He supported Prudence Crandall andspoke or her at a Canterbury town

meeting since at that time it was notconsidered appropriate or womento do so.

Canterbury

Prudence Crandall Museum1 South Canterbury Road [*]In 1833, Prudence Crandall (1803-1890)opened this house as a boarding schoolor young Arican American women, anaction which led to harassment byneighbors, passage o a state law againsther work and her being jailed or one

night. Crandall’s eort to provide equaleducation in this house was a rarity orthe times. Her actions helped solidiyattitudes against slavery. In 1995,Crandall was designated asConnecticut’s State Heroine.

William Winters Deep River Historical Society

Sarah Harris, student o Prudence Crandall,Canterbury Prudence Crandall

Museum

Abby and Julia Smith, Glast onbury Historical Society o Glastonbury




Stops

John Brown’s birthplace, detail, TorringtonConnecticut Historical Society

Portrait o John Brown, de tail Yale Collection o

American Literature,

Beinecke Rare Book

and Manuscript Library

Stonington

Greenmanville Historic DistrictMystic Seaport75 Greenmanville Avenue [*]The Greenman brothers ounded ashipyard here in 1837 and became

social leaders in the community thatgrew around it. The abolitionistbrothers donated to antislavery causesand helped to establish a Seventh-DayBaptist church, a denomination thatdenounced slavery. Oral tradition placesthe home o George Greenman as astop on the Underground Railroad.

Torrington

John BrownBirthplace SiteJohn Brown RoadOne o the mostamous abolitionistsin America was JohnBrown (1800-1859).In 1859, his armedraid on the U.S.arsenal at Harper’sFerry, Virginia, or the purpose oending slavery, oreshadowed theCivil War.

Hampton

Theodore Dwight Weld House77 Parsonage Road [PP]Theodore Dwight Weld (1803-1895)was born in this house and livedhere until 1825. In February 1834,students and aculty o the LaneSeminary in Cincinnati, Ohio heldthe rst major public debates toanswer the question: “Ought the

People o the Slaveholding Statesto abolish Slavery immediately?”Weld masterminded the idea odebates on slavery and was thekey orce behind the Lane Debates.This home is privately ownedand not open to the public.

Hartord

Harriet Beecher Stowe Center77 Forest Street [*]Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896),author o Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852),

an antislavery novel o enormousimpact in the United States, movedto Hartord in 1864 and resided hereuntil her death in 1896. Her homeis operated as a museum by theHarriet Beecher Stowe Center, whichmaintains a collection that interpretsher lie and work.

Middletown

Benjamin Douglas House11 South Main Street [PP]Benjamin Douglas (1816-1894) wasan ardent abolitionist. This buildingwas his home and he was active in

the Underground Railroad. His homemay have served as a stop or run-away slaves. This home is privatelyowned and not open to the public.

West Burying GroundWashington and Vine StreetsMany residents o the Leverett BemanHistoric District, a 19th centuryneighborhood made up o ree blacks,are buried here. Among them are thegraves o several 29th Regimentsoldiers and local homeowners suchas Isaac Truitt. Fanny Beman, mother

o black abolitionists Leverett andAmos Beman, is buried here as well.

New London

Joshua Hempsted House11 Hempstead Street [*]The 1678 Joshua Hempsted House,owned by Connecticut Landmarks,is open to the public and containsa amily archive o early abolitionistpapers. In the 19th century, a schoolwas established in the house andamong the students were several

Arican American children.

Norwich

David Ruggles GravesiteYantic CemeteryLaayette and Williams StreetsDavid Ruggles (1810-1849) wasborn in Norwich Connecticut andmade a name or himsel in NewYork City as a bookseller, journalist,abolitionist, Underground Railroadconductor and ounding membero the Vigilance Committee.

Harriet Beecher Stowe House, Hartord Robert Gregson, CCT

UndergroundRailroad

Freedom Trail Quilt Square , Hart Porter Homestead Connecticut State Library

James Davis House111 Goose Lane, Guilord [PP]

Hart Porter House andOutbuilding465 Porter Street, Manchester [PP]

John Randall House41 Norwich-Westerly Road(Route 2), North Stonington [PP]

Steven Peck House

32 Lyme Street, Old Lyme [PP]Washband (Washburn) Tavern90 Oxord Road, Oxord [PP]

Asa Seymour Curtis House2016 Elm Street, Stratord [PP]

Isaiah Tuttle House4040 Torringord Street,Torrington [PP]

Uriel Tuttle House3925 Torringord Street,Torrington [PP]

The Ovals

36 Seeley Road, Wilton [PP]

*The buildings listed above are privately owned and not open to the public.

in Connecticut






Throughout American history, black churches have been at the

forefront in the battle for social progress and equality. Many African

American congregations were formed in response to discrimination

by white congregations. Foremost among these were the African

Methodist Episcopal ( A.M.E. ) Church ( 1794 ) and the African

Methodist Episcopal Zion ( A.M.E.Z. ) Church ( 1796 ).The following churches have always played a valuable role as religious,

intellectual and political centers in the African American community.

*There are our churches on the Connecticut Freedom Trail that are listed in the Amistad sectiono this brochure because o their important contributions in aiding the Mende Aricans.

A. M. E. and A. M. E. Zion Churches

In 1794 in Philadelphia, Richard Allen and his followers left St. George’s

Methodist Church, assembled in Allen’s house and organized Bethel

African Methodist Episcopal Church. It was not until 1816, however,

that Bethel was declared to be an independent church by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court. Similarly, in 1796, black members of the John Street

Methodist Church in New York City, led by Peter Williams, left that

church and organized a separate African chapel. In 1801, the chapel

was incorporated as the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church

of New York City. Determined to distinguish themselves from the

A.M.E. Church based in Philadelphia, the Zionists, with representatives

from New York, Pennsylvania and Connecticut, convened their rst

annual conference in June 1821 in New York City. This conference

marked the ofcial beginning of the African Methodist Episcopal

Zion denomination. The A.M.E. Zion denomination became known

as “The Freedom Church” because of its work with the UndergroundRailroad and the abolitionist movement. Among its membership

were noted abolitionists Sojourner Truth, Harriet Tubman,

Frederick Douglas, Catherine Harris and Reverends Jermain

Louguen and Thomas James.

Faith Congregational Churc h, Hartord Robert Gregson, CCT

African American Churches Cemetery at Archer Memorial A.M.E. Zion, Windsor Len Hellerman





Charles Lester O’Neil, ounder, Red eemer’s A.M.E. Zion Chu rch,Plainville Gail Williams

Bridgeport

Walters MemorialA.M.E. Zion Church12 Gregory StreetThis building is one o ew remainingreminders o an earlier Arican Americancommunity known as “Little Liberia.”Made up o ree blacks, ormer slavesand their descendants, and migrantsrom the South, this community

supported two churches, a school, ahotel and a number o individual homes.

Greenwich

Little Bethel A.M.E. Church44 Lake AvenueLittle Bethel A.M.E. Church wasthe rst Arican American churchin Greenwich, established in 1883.Through the years, the churchhas acted as a religious and socialcenter or the Arican Americancommunity. The current building

was constructed in 1921.

First Baptist Church10 Northfeld StreetLocated in Greenwich’s historic FourthWard neighborhood and oundedin 1897, the First Baptist Church isthe second o two Arican American

congregations established in Greenwichduring the 19th century.

Hartord

Faith Congregational Church2030 Main StreetThis church was established in 1819when Hartord’s Arican Americans,rejecting seating in the galleries owhite churches, began to worship inthe conerence room o the First Church

o Christ. Today,this congregation

is known as FaithCongregationalChurch. ReverendsJames W. C.Pennington andAmos Beman arealso associatedwith this church.

Metropolitan A.M.E. Zion Church2051 Main StreetThis church was established in the early1830s. The rst pastor was Hosea Easton,an Arican American protest writer,

who raised unds to replace the churchbuilding when it burned in 1836. Thenew structure on Elm Street alsoprovided a school or Arican Americanchildren. In 1929, the church movedto its present location on Main Street.

Union Baptist Church1921 Main StreetUnion Baptist Church leaders andmembers have made signicantcontributions to the state’s earlyCivil Rights movement by helping to

establish infuential organizations.Members included the rst AricanAmericans in the city to teach in thepublic school system and to serve onthe school board, the welare boardand the police department.

Middletown

Cross Street A.M.E. Zion Church160 Cross StreetThe congregation began in 1823, anda building was erected in 1830 underthe leadership o Reverend Jehiel

Beman, who led the congregation inthe antislavery cause. The churchcontinued to be a community leaderduring the Civil Rights movement o thelate 1950s and 60s. The congregationparticipated in protest marches andwas witness to numerous visits andspeeches by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.In 1965, to help black students go tocollege, the Reverend William Davageounded the Greater MiddletownNegro Youth Scholarship Fund.

MilordFirst Baptist Church28 North StreetRecognizing Arican Americanparticipation in the Revolutionary War,the names o six black soldiers aredisplayed on a memorial marker inront o the First Baptist Church. Thesoldiers named are: Job Caesar, PompCyrus, Juba Freeman, Peter Gibbs,William Sower and Congo Zado.

New Haven

Dixwell AvenueCongregational Church217 Dixwell AvenueDixwell Avenue Congregational Churchwas ounded in 1820 under thedirection o Simeon Jocelyn. JamesW. C. Pennington was the rst AricanAmerican minister o this church.Amos Beman (son o Jehiel Beman)was also a pastor here. Both werewell-known Arican Americanleaders in the state.

Varick A.M.E. Zion Church242 Dixwell AvenueVarick Arican Methodist Episcopal ZionChurch was organized in 1818 whenArican Americans let the MethodistChurch to orm their own congregation.The church was aliated with theZionist movement o James Varick,who helped lead a separation romwhite Methodism because AricanAmerican preachers were not permittedto be ordained. It was here that BookerT. Washington made his last publicspeech beore his death in 1915.

Plainville

Redeemer’s A.M.E. Zion Church110 Whiting Street

Organized in 1903, the congregationbuilt its church structure a year later.Throughout the 19th century membershave been leaders in Plainville andhave provided a voice or theblack community.

Windsor

Archer MemorialA.M.E. Zion Church321 Hayden Station RoadArcher A.M.E. Zion Church proved tobe an important institution in the lives

o Windsor’s Arican American citizenry.This was particularly true or thosewho settled the Hayden Stationarea during the 19th century.

Walters Memorial A. M.E. Zion Church,

Bridgeport Cora Murray, CCT

Little Bethel A.M.E. Church, GreenwichWhitney Bayers, CCT

Sandy Archer, ounder o Archer Memorial A.M.E . Zion Church, Windsor Archer Memorial A.M.E. Zion Church

Portrait o the Reverend James W.C. P ennington




Bridgeport

Mary & Eliza Freeman Houses352-54 and 358-60 Main Street [PP]These buildings are the last twohouses to survive o “Little Liberia,”a settlement o black reedmen that

began in 1831. Sisters Mary(1815-1883) and Eliza (1805-1863)Freeman were Arican Americanwomen o prominence who used theseproperties as rentals while theylived and worked in New York City.As property owners and respectedmembers o the community, theFreeman sisters overcame signicantobstacles. These homes are privatelyowned and not open to the public.

Danbury

Marian Anderson HouseMarianna Farm Road [PP]Marian Anderson (1897-1993) wasa world-renowned opera singer andthe rst Arican American artist toperorm at the Metropolitan Operain New York City. Perhaps her mostamous concert took place on the stepso the Lincoln Memorial in 1939,ater she was denied permission tosing at Constitution Hall. The concertwas attended by 75,000 people.A year later, she purchased property

in Danbury, which became knownas “Marianna Farm,” where sheand her husband lived. This homeis privately owned and not opento the public.

Ann Petry,Old SaybrookPrivate Collection

Pioneering Women of Color

Anna Louise James,Old SaybrookPrivate Collection

Portrait o Nancy Toney, Windsor The Loomis Chaee School Archives

Marian Anderson Studio, Danbury Museum & Historical Society, Danbury Whitney Bayers, CCT

Marietta Canty, at h er ho me in Hartord Connecticut Historical Society



Danbury

Marian Anderson StudioDanbury Museum &Historical Society43 Main Street [*]Marian Anderson’s husband,

architect Orpheus H. Fisher(1899-1986), designed and builther an acoustic rehearsal studio,at Marianna Farm. The studio wasdonated to the Danbury Museum& Historical Society and movedto the museum’s Main Streetproperty in 1999.

Hartord

Marietta Canty House61 Mahl Avenue [PP]Marietta Canty (1905-1986) was anactress who received critical acclaim orher perormances in theatre, radio,

motion pictures and television, but waslimited to portraying domestic servantroles throughout her proessionalcareer. In accepting such roles andperorming them with dignity, Canty,like other Arican American actorsand actresses o her day, maintaineda presence or minority perormersin the entertainment industry. Herinvolvement in social activism inHartord, ollowing her retirementurther increased her status as apioneer in advancing opportunities

or women and minorities. This homeis privately owned and not opento the public.


The following women worked throughout their lifetimes to break

the color barrier. As African Americans and as women, they often

faced discrimination on two fronts. These powerful black women

have challenged the inequities of society and worked toward

equality for all people.




Constance Baker Motley was a trailblazing

lawyer in the forefront of many major civil

rights cases throughout the mid-20th century.

After graduating from Columbia Law School

in 1946, Motley was hired by Thurgood

Marshall to work as a law clerk for the

National Association for the Advancement

of Colored People. In 1950, Motley wrote

the draft complaint for the landmark case,

Brown v. Board of Education ( 1954 ) , which

ended segregation in schools. Over the following decade she successfully

argued numerous other civil rights cases before the U.S. Supreme Court,

becoming the rst African American woman to do so. In 1964, Motley

was the rst woman elected to the New York State Senate and in 1965,

the rst woman to become president of the Borough of Manhattan.

In addition to her accomplishments as an attorney, Motley was the

rst African American woman to be appointed a federal judge of the

United States in 1966. She became a chief judge in 1982 and served

the Southern District of New York as a senior judge for the rest of her

life. Motley made outstanding strides in the movement for social

justice and equality during the 20th century. Constance Baker Motley

is an inspiring reminder of what is possible in a few short decades.

Motley’s childhood home is in New Haven at 8 Garden Street.

The home is privately owned and not open to the public.

“ Something which we think is

impossible now is not impossible in another decade.”

Constance Baker Motley ( 1921 -2005 )

Constance Baker Motley Chester Higgins

Mary Townsend Seymour GravesiteOld North CemeteryNorth Main StreetMary Townsend Seymour (1873-1957)was a leader and an activist in early20th century Hartord who battled

or equal rights. Her numerousaccomplishments include co-oundingthe Hartord Chapter o the NationalAssociation or the Advancement oColored People (NAACP), campaigningor women’s surage and runningor the Connecticut State Assemblyin 1920, making her the rst AricanAmerican woman to run or astate oce.

Meriden

Martha Minerva Franklin GravesiteWalnut Grove Cemetery817 Old Colony RoadMartha Minerva Franklin (1870-1968)ounded the National Association orColored Graduate Nurses (NACGN) inNew York City in 1908. At the time, theAmerican Nursing Association (ANA)did not accept women o color. Ateryears o dedication, Franklin sawher goal o integration realized whenthe NACGN merged with the ANAin 1951. Franklin was posthumouslyinducted into the ANA Hall oFame in 1976.

New Haven

Hannah Gray House235 Dixwell Avenue [PP]Hannah Gray (c. 1803-1861) was alaundress and seamstress who usedpart o her income to promote theantislavery movement and supporther church. Through her will, Graydonated her house at 158 DixwellAvenue (no longer standing) to beused as a reuge or “indigent coloredemales.” The present Hannah Gray

Home at 235 Dixwell Avenue, acquiredin 1911, continues operation inaccordance with its ounder’s goals.This home is privately owned andnot open to the public.

New London

Flora Hercules GravesiteAntientist Burial GroundHempstead and Granite StreetsOering evidence o the existence oBlack Governors in Connecticut duringthe 18th century, the headstone oFlora Hercules (c. 1689-1749) notesthat she was the wie o Hercules,“Governor o the Negroes.”

Old Saybrook

James Pharmacy2 Pennywise LaneAnna Louise James (1886-1977) wasthe rst Arican American woman, andone o the rst women, to become apharmacist in the state. She was alsoamong the rst women who registeredto vote when women’s suragewas passed in 1920. This site is alsothe birthplace o James’ niece, HarlemRenaissance writer Ann Petry(1908-1997), whose most amouswork was the novel, The Street.

Windsor

Nancy Toney GravesitePalisado Cemetery, Palisado AvenueWhen Connecticut passed its ull

emancipation law in 1848, manyreedmen continued to live with theirormer owners. It is believed that NancyToney (c. 1775-1857), a ormer slave othe Chaee/Loomis amily o Windsor,was the last survivor o this group.

James Pharmacy, Old SaybrookCora Murray, CCT

Childhood Home o Constance Baker Motley, New HavenCora Murray, CCT

23

Martha Minerva Franklin Gravesite , plaque detail,Walnut Gro ve Cemet ery, MeridenWhitney Bayers, CCT

ctfreedomtrail.org




The following sculptures and memorials recognize heroic soldiers

and historic events in African American history. All of the sites are

publicly accessible.

Art & Monuments

Groton

Fort Griswold BattlefeldState Park57 Fort StreetTwo Arican American deenders oughtin the 1781 Battle o Fort Griswold,one o ew locations in Connecticutwhere a Revolutionary War battle tookplace. A special plaque, dedicatedat a ceremony in 1911, depicts theheroic act o one o the black citizens,Jordan Freeman, as he helped speara British ocer.

Hartord

Arican American MemorialAncient Burying Ground60 Gold StreetDuring three years o archival research,middle school students in Hartordand their teacher uncovered evidencethat over 300 Arican Americans,as well as ve Black Governors oConnecticut, were buried here inunmarked graves. To commemoratethese orgotten souls, this largeslate monument is inscribedwith documented names andinterment dates.

Soldiers and Sailors MonumentBushnell Park31 Pratt StreetThe Soldiers and Sailors Monument(Memorial Arch) o 1886 honorsthose rom Hartord who served inthe Civil War. A marker noting thecontributions o Arican Americansin the war was added to themonument during a restoration in1988. A sculpture o a black man

breaking the chains o bondageand holding a book is also eatured.

Amistad Memorial, New HavenWhitney Bayers, CCT

Soldiers and Sailors Monument, Hartord Robert Gregson, CCT

Plaque commemorating allen British Major, William Montgomery at Griswold Battlefeld State Park, GrotonMary Donohue, CCT





Criscuolo Park in 1863 was a very different

place than it is today. In the fall of that

year, in the midst of the Civil War, more

than 900 black recruits for the 29th

Regiment of Connecticut Volunteers

mustered and trained to ght for their

country on those grounds. One year earlier,

the governor opposed enlisting black troops,but as the war wore on, it became difcult

to meet enlistment demands. As the rst

all-black regiment in Connecticut, the

troops of the 29th endured racism and

discrimination. They received lower pay

than white troops and were often ordered

to the back of the corps. Still, the Regiment

fought valiantly in several engagements in Virginia and the men of the

29th were the rst infantry units to enter Richmond after it was abandoned

by the Confederate Army. A few days later, they witnessed history when

President Lincoln visited the city and the bloody war was over. Dedicatedin 2008, the monument at Criscuolo Park commemorates the soldiers

of the Connecticut 29th Colored Regiment C.V. Infantry. The memorial

was designed by sculptor Ed Hamilton, who also created the Amistad

Memorial in downtown New Haven.

Connecticut 29th ColoredRegiment Monument

New Haven

Amistad Memorial 165 Church StreetThe Amistad Memorial (1992) paystribute to Joseph Cinque and the

other Mende Aricans who escapedslavery in 1839 by commandeeringthe Spanish ship La Amistad . Thememorial by sculptor Ed Hamiltonstands where the New Haven Jailwas located at the time the MendeArican captives were housed there.

Edward A. Bouchet MonumentEvergreen Cemetery92 Winthrop AvenueWith a major in physics, Dr. Edward A.Bouchet was the rst Arican American

to obtain a doctorate in any disciplineand the rst to be inducted into PhiBeta Kappa. A headstone monumentto Dr. Bouchet was unveiled inOctober 1998.

Soldiers‘ and Sailors‘ Monument East Rock Park41 Cold Spring StreetDedicated June 1887, this 110-ootmonument stands at the summit oEast Rock Park, commemorating the

New Haven soldiers who ell in ourwars. The names o the soldiers whodied in the Civil War, including thoserom the 29th Colored Regiment,are listed on two tablets at themonument’s base.

Stamord

Jackie Robinson Park o FameRichmond Hill Avenue andWest Main StreetJackie Robinson (1919-1972)was the rst black player in Major

League Baseball, breaking thecolor line in an historic game onApril 15, 1947. For nearly twentyyears, Robinson lived with his amilyin Stamord. In a downtown parknamed or the amous player, standsa lie-size bronze statue o Robinsonwith an engraved base bearing thewords “COURAGE,” “CONFIDENCE”and “PERSEVERANCE.”

29th Colored Regiment Monument,Crsicuolo Park, New HavenRobert Gregson, CCT

Amistad Memorial, New HavenWhitney Bayers, CCT

Jackie Robinson Statue, Jackie Robinson Park o Fame, Stamord Mary Donohue, CCT

Criscuolo Park

James and Chapel Streets

27ctfreedomtrail.org

Alexander H. Newton,Commissary Sergeant, 29th Regiment Connectic ut Voluntee rs Alexander H. Newton, “Out o the Briars,”

(Philadelphia: A.M.E. Book Concern, 1910).






Lemuel R. Custis ( bottom let ) ,

Tuskegee AirmenChanute Air Museum

Barkhamstead

Lighthouse Archaeological SitePeople’s State Forest106 East River Road [*]

Colchester

Benjamin Trumbull House80 Broad Street [PP]

Old District Schoolhouse orColored Children SiteTown Green98 Hayward Avenue

East Haddam

Venture Smith GraveFirst Church Cemetery489 Town Street

Enfeld

Paul Robeson House1221 Enfeld Street [PP]

Griswold

Glasgo VillageRoute 201 and 165

Hartord

Boce W. Barlow, Jr. House31 Canterbury Street [PP]

Frank T. Simpson House27 Keney Terrace [PP]

Freedom Trail QuiltsMuseum o Connecticut History,Connecticut State Library

231 Capitol Avenue [*] Lemuel R. Custis GravesiteCedar Hill Cemetery453 Fairfeld Avenue

Old North CemeteryNorth Main Street

Wadsworth Atheneum600 Main Street [*]

Wilred X. Johnson House206 Tower Avenue [PP]

Hebron

Cesar and Lowis Peters

Archaeological Site150 East Street [PP]

Litchfeld

Solomon Rowe House121 North Lake Street [PP]

Concept of Freedom

Manchester

Walter Bunce House34 Bidwell Street [PP]

Meriden

George Jerey House66 Hillside Avenue [PP]

Middletown

Leverett Beman Historic DistrictCross and Vine Streets

Milord

Soldiers Monument

Milord CemeteryProspect Street

New Haven

Goe Street SchoolPrince Hall Masonic Temple106 Goe Street [PP]

Grove Street Cemetery227 Grove Street

Long Whar389 Long Whar Drive

The People’s Center37 Howe Street [PP]

Trowbridge Square Historic DistrictCity Point Area

Westville CemeteryWhalley Avenue

William Lanson SiteLock Street at Canal

New London

Hempstead Historic DistrictArea around 11 Hempstead Street

Norolk

James Mars GravesiteCenter Cemetery

Old Colony RoadNorth Canaan

Milo Freeland GravesiteHillside CemeteryRoute 44

Norwalk

Village Creek Historic DistrictDock Road

Norwich

Boston Trowtrow GravesiteOld Burying Ground69 Main Street

Jail Hill Historic District

Fountain and Cedar Streets

Plainville

West CemeteryRoute 177

Putnam

Thomas Taylor GravesiteGrove Street Cemetery247 Grove Street

Stonington

Charles W. Morgan Mystic Seaport75 Greenmanville Avenue [*]

Trumbull

Nero Hawley GravesiteRiverside CemeteryDaniel’s Farm Road

Vernon

Charles Ethan Porter House17 Spruce Street [PP]

Porter Family PlotGrove Hill Cemetery22 Cemetery Avenue

Waterbury

Hopkins Street Center34 Hopkins Street [PP]

West Hartord

Bristol GravesiteOld Center Burying Yard28 North Main Street

Westport

Green Farms Burying GroundGreen Farms Road

Henry and Lyzette Munroe House108 Cross Highway [PP]

WethersfeldAncient Burying GroundMain and Marsh Streets

Windsor

Joseph Rainey House

299 Palisado Avenue [PP]Riverside CemeteryEast Street

William Best House377 Hayden Station Road [PP]



Weld Monument,Old North Cemetery, Hartord Whitney Bayers, CCT

Joseph Rainey House, Windso r Robert Benson

Freedom Trail Quilt,Charles W. MorganConnecticut State Library

Paul Robeson House, Enfeld Eneld Historical Society

Charles Ethan Porter Vernon Historical Society




INDEXSites

Barkhamstead

Lighthouse Archaeological SitePeople’s State Forest106 East River Road [*]

Bloomfeld

Francis Gillette House545 Bloomfeld Avenue [PP]

Bridgeport

Mary and Eliza Freeman Houses352-54 and 358-60 Main Street [PP]

Walters Memorial A.M.E. Zion Church12 Gregory Street

BrooklynFriendship Valley60 Pomret Road [PP]

Old Windham County CourthouseBrooklyn Town Hall4 Wol Den Road

Samuel May House73 Pomret Road [PP]

Unitarian Meeting House7 Hartord Road

Canterbury

Prudence Crandall House

1 South Canterbury Road [*]

Colchester

Benjamin Trumbull House80 Broad Street [PP]

Old District Schoolhouse orColored Children SiteTown Green98 Hayward Avenue

Danbury

Marian Anderson HouseMarianna Farm Way [PP]

Marian Anderson StudioDanbury Museum & Historical Society43 Main Street [*]

Deep River

William Winters NeighborhoodWinter Avenue and Mitchell Lane

East Haddam

Venture Smith GravesiteFirst Church Cemetery489 Town Street

Enfeld

Paul Robeson House1221 Enfeld Street [PP]

Shaker VillageShaker Road, near Taylor Road [PP]

Farmington

Austin F. Williams House andCarriage House127 Main Street [PP]

Canal House and Pitkin Basin128 Garden Street

Elijah Lewis House1 Mountain Spring Road [PP]

Farmington Historical Society138 Main Street [*]

First Church o Christ, Congregational75 Main Street

Norton House11 Mountain Spring Road [PP]

Reverend Noah Porter House

116 Main Street [PP]

Riverside CemeteryGarden Street

Samuel Deming House66 Main Street [PP]

Samuel Deming Store2 Mill Lane

Smith-Cowles House27 Main Street [PP]

Union Hall13 Church Street [PP]

Glastonbury

Kimberly Mansion1625 Main Street [PP]

Greenwich

Bethel A.M.E. Church44 Lake Avenue

First Baptist Church10 Northfeld Street

Griswold

Glasgo VillageRoute 201 and 165

Groton

Fort Griswold Battlefeld State Park

57 Fort Street [*]

Guilord

James Davis House111 Goose Lane [PP]

Hampton

Theodore Dwight Weld House77 Parsonage Road [PP]

Hartord

Arican American MemorialAncient Burying Ground60 Gold Street

Boce W. Barlow, Jr. House31 Canterbury Street [PP]

Faith Congregational Church

2030 Main Street

Frank T. Simpson House27 Keney Terrace [PP]

Freedom Trail QuiltsMuseum o Connecticut History,Connecticut State Library231 Capitol Avenue [*]

Harriet Beecher Stowe Center77 Forest Street [*]

Lemuel R. Custis GravesiteCedar Hill Cemetery453 Fairfeld Avenue

Marietta Canty House61 Mahl Avenue [PP]

Mary Townsend Seymour GravesiteOld North CemeteryNorth Main Street

Metropolitan A.M.E. Zion Church2051 Main Street

Old North CemeteryNorth Main Street

Old State House800 Main Street [*]

Soldiers and Sailors MonumentBushnell Park31 Pratt Street

Union Baptist Church1921 Main Street

Wadsworth Atheneum600 Main Street [*]

Wilred X. Johnson House206 Tower Avenue [PP]

Hebron

Cesar and Lowis PetersArchaeological Site150 East Street [PP]

Litchfeld

Solomon Rowe House121 North Lake Street [PP]

Tapping Reeve Law School82 South Street [*]

Manchester

Hart Porter House and Outbuilding465 Porter Street [PP]

Walter Bunce House34 Bidwell Street [PP]

Meriden

George Jerey House66 Hillside Avenue [PP]

Martha Minerva Franklin GravesiteWalnut Grove Cemetery

817 Old Colony Road

Amistad Cent er o r Art & Cult ure, Arican American Collection,Wadsworth Atheneum, Hartord Wadsworth Atheneum

Arican American Memorial, Hartord Cora Murray, CCT






Norwalk

Village Creek Historic DistrictDock Road

Norwich

Boston Trowtrow GravesiteOld Burying Ground69 Main Street

David Ruggles GravesiteYantic CemeteryLaayette and Williams Streets

Jail Hill Historic DistrictFountain and Cedar Streets

Old Lyme

Steven Peck House32 Lyme Street [PP]

Old Saybrook

James Pharmacy2 Pennywise Lane

Oxord

Washband (Washburn) Tavern90 Oxord Road [PP]

Plainville

Redeemer’s A.M.E. Zion Church110 Whiting Street

West Cemetery

Route 177

Putnam

Thomas Taylor GravesiteGrove Street Cemetery247 Grove Street

Stamord

Jackie Robinson ParkHatch FieldRichmond Hill Avenue andWest Main Street

Stonington

Charles W. Morgan Mystic Seaport

75 Greenmanville Avenue [*]

GreenmanvilleMystic Seaport75 Greenmanville Avenue [*]

Stratord

Asa Seymour Curtis House2016 Elm Street [PP]

Torrington

Isaiah Tuttle House4040 Torringord Street [PP]

John Brown Birthplace SiteJohn Brown Road

Uriel Tuttle House3925 Torringord Street [PP]

Trumbull

Nero Hawley GravesiteRiverside CemeteryDaniel’s Farm Road

Vernon

Charles Ethan Porter House17 Spruce Street [PP]

Porter Family PlotGrove Hill Cemetery22 Cemetery Avenue

Waterbury

Hopkins Street Center

34 Hopkins Street [PP]

West Hartord

Bristol GravesiteOld Center Burying Yard28 North Main Street

Westport

Green Farms Burying GroundGreen Farms Road

Henry and Lyzette Munroe House108 Cross Highway [PP]

Wethersfeld

Ancient Burying Ground

Main and Marsh Streets

Wilton

The Ovals36 Seeley Road [PP]

Windsor

Archer Memorial A.M.E. Zion Church320 Hayden Station Road

Joseph Rainey House299 Palisado Avenue [PP]

Palisado CemeteryPalisado Avenue

Riverside CemeteryEast Street

William Best House377 Hayden Station Road [PP]

Grove Street Cemetery, New HavenRobert Gregson, CCT

George Greenman House, StoningtonMystic Seaport

Middletown

Benjamin Douglas House11 South Main Street [PP]

Cross Street A.M.E. Zion Church160 Cross Street

Leverett Beman Historic DistrictCross and Vine Streets

West Burying GroundWashington and Vine Streets

Milord

First Baptist Church28 North Street

Soldiers MonumentMilord CemeteryProspect Street

New Haven

29th Colored Regiment Monument Criscuolo ParkJames and Chapel Streets

Amistad Memorial 165 Church Street

Battell ChapelElm and College Streets [PP]

Center Church on the Green250 Temple Street

Constance Baker Motley HouseDay and Garden Streets8 Garden Street [PP]

Dixwell AvenueCongregational Church217 Dixwell Avenue

Edward A. Bouchet MonumentEvergreen Cemetery

92 Winthrop Avenue

Freedom Schooner Amistad Long Whar 389 Long Whar Drive [*]

Goe Street SchoolPrince Hall Masonic Temple106 Goe Street [PP]

Grove Street Cemetery227 Grove Street

Hannah Gray House235 Dixwell Avenue [PP]

Long Whar389 Long Whar Drive

New Haven Museum114 Whitney Avenue [*]

Roger Sherman Baldwin Law Ofce123 Church Street [PP]

Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Monument East Rock Park41 Cold Spring Street

The People’s Center37 Howe Street [PP]

Trowbridge Square Historic DistrictCity Point Area

United Church on the Green323 Temple Street

Varick A.M.E. Zion Church242 Dixwell Avenue

Westville CemeteryWhalley Avenue

William Lanson Site

Lock Street at Canal

New London

Custom House Maritime MuseumU.S. Custom House150 Bank Street [*]

Flora Hercules GravesiteAntientist Burial GroundHempstead and Granite Streets

Hempstead Historic DistrictArea around 11 Hempstead Street

Joshua Hempsted House11 Hempstead Street [*]

Norolk

James Mars GravesiteCenter CemeteryOld Colony Road

North Canaan

Milo Freeland Gravesite

Hillside CemeteryRoute 44

North Stonington

John Randall House41 Norwich-Westerly Road (Route 2) [PP]

Joshua Hempstead House, New LondonConnecticut Landmarks




Southwestern Region

Eastern Region

The ConnecticutFreedom Trail Quilts

The Connecticut State Library Robert Gregson, CCT

The Connecticut Freedom Trail Quilts are on permanent display atthe Museum o Connecticut History in the Connecticut State Library,231 Capitol Avenue, Hartord, Connecticut.

SITESopen to the public

Freedom Trail

Barkhamstead

LighthouseArchaeological SitePeople’s State Forest106 East River RoadTel 860.379.2469

Canterbury

Prudence Crandall House1 South Canterbury RoadTel 860.546.7800

Danbury

Marian Anderson StudioDanbury Museum &Historical Society43 Main StreetTel 203.743.5200

Farmington

Farmington HistoricalSociety138 Main StreetTel 860.678.1645

Groton

Fort GriswoldBattlefeld State Park57 Fort StreetTel 860.449.6877

Hartord

Freedom Trail QuiltsMuseum o ConnecticutHistory, ConnecticutState Library231 Capitol AvenueTel 860.757.6535

Harriet BeecherStowe Center

77 Forest StreetTel 860.522.9258

Old State House Museum800 Main StreetTel 860.522.6766

Wadsworth Atheneum600 Main StreetTel 860.278.2670

Litchfeld

Tapping ReeveLaw School82 South StreetTel 860.567.4501

New Haven

Freedom SchoonerAmistad Long Whar 389 Long Whar Drivewww.amistadamerica.net

New Haven Museum114 Whitney AvenueTel 203.562.4183

New London

Custom HouseMaritime Museum150 Bank StreetTel 860.447.2501

Joshua Hempsted House11 Hempstead StreetTel 860.443.7949

Stonington

Charles W. Morgan Mystic Seaport75 Greenmanville AvenueTel 860.572.5315

GreenmanvilleHistoric DistrictMystic Seaport75 Greenmanville AvenueTel 860.572.5315

The Connecticut State Library is ree and open to thepublic year-round: Monday-Friday: 9:00am-4:00pm, Saturday:9:00am-2:00pm, Closed Sunday and State Holidays

September is Connecticut Freedom Trail Month. For moreinormation on events planned or the month, check ourwebsite at ctreedomtrail.org.

Administration o the Trail is the responsibility o the Connecticut Commission

on Culture & Tourism and the Amistad Committee, Inc. o New Haven.

Connecticut Commissionon Culture & TourismOne Constitution PlazaSecond FloorHartord, CT 06103Tel 860.256.2800

The Amistad Committee, Inc.P.O. Box 2936Westville StationNew Haven, CT 06515Tel 203.387.0370

Northwestern Region North Central Region

Credits

Amistad Committee, Inc.Pita Group

Front Cover Photos

Freedom Trail Quilt Square,Redeemer’s A.M.E. Zion Church,Plainville, Connecticut StateLibrary (top); Anna Louise James,

Old Saybrook, Private Collection(upper let); Isaac Truitt, WesleyanUniversity class album o 1870,Wesleyan University Library, SpecialCollections & Archives (center);Constance Baker Motley, ChesterHiggins (right); Lemuel R. Custis,Tuskegee Airmen, ChanuteAir Museum (bottom center);

William Winters, Deep RiverHistorical Society (bottom let).

Back Cover Photo

Reverend Amos G. Beman,ca. 1803-58, Yale Collectiono American Literature,Beinecke Rare Book and

Manuscript Library.

Hours o Operation

Museum schedules may changedepending on the season andcease at certain times o theyear: it is, thereore, advisable toplan ahead beore visiting anysite and to gather inormationon special events oered.



September is ConnecticutFreedom Trail Month

ctfreedomtrail.org

“ The work to be done

is not to be completed in a day or a year;it will require a long time to remove the

evils which slavery and habit have so

deeply engraven uponthe very oundationo everything.” – Reverend Amos G. Beman, Middletown,

Sept. 6, 1862, letter to the editor oThe Weekly Anglo-African newspaper

Documents

Connecticut's Freedom Trail