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Congenital Cardiac Anomalies Cardiovascular Pathology
VPM 222
Winter 2009
Causes of Congenital Heart Anomalies
Genetic Single or multiple defects
Infectious agents Parvovirus
Bluetongue
BVD
Teratogens Vit A deficiency
Xrays
Oxygen deficits
Teratogenic compounds
Cardiovascular MalformationsBreeds and Species
Page 13 lecture notes
http://www.embryology.ch/images/pimgcardio/09umstellung/p9a_KreislaufvorA.gif
The Atrial Septum and its
Abnormalities
Foramen Ovale
Normal
Atrial Septal Defect
Common Atrium
Haemodynamics
L to R flow
Volume Right
CVP
Boxer, Doberman
pinscher, SamoyedPathology of Domestic AnimalsJubb, Kennedy, Palmer, Volme 3, 4th
ed
Downloaded from: Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (on 5 September 2005 08:31 PM)
Atrial Septal Defect
Pathology of Domestic AnimalsJubb, Kennedy, Palmer, Volme 3, 4th ed
Abnormalities of the
atrioventricular
Canal
1. Persistent Common Atrioventricular Canal
Endocardial Cushion Defect
Failure of endocardial cushions to form
Often have ASD and VSD
Abnormalities of the AV Canal1. Endocardial Cushion
Defect
2. Tricuspid dysplasia
3. Mitral valve malformations
4. Tricuspid atresia
Abnormalities of the
INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM
Interventricular Septal
Defect (VSD)
Membranous
Muscular
overload RV RV
psi RVH RVF
Could reverse flowPathology of Domestic AnimalsJubb, Kennedy, Palmer, Volme 3, 4th ed
Membranous VSD
Pathology of Domestic Animals
Jubb, Kennedy, Palmer, Volme 3, 4th ed
Membranous VSD
http://www.embryology.ch/anglais/pcardio/patholcardio03.html#AtrioventrikularerSeptumdefekt
Muscular VSD
Abnormalities of the truncus arteriosus and conus cordia
Tetralogy of FallotPulmonic Stenosis
Interventricular Septal Defect
Over-riding Aorta
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
Pathology of Domestic Animals
Jubb, Kennedy, Palmer, Volme 3, 4th ed
Haemodynamics of Tetralogy of Fallot
Pulmonic stenosis
RVH (psi overload)
VSD
Shunt R – L
Cyanosis
Pathology of Domestic Animals
Jubb, Kennedy, Palmer, Volme 3, 4th ed
http://www.embryology.ch/anglais/pcardio/patholcardio04.html#Fallot
Abnormalities of the truncus
arteriosus and conus cordia
Tetralogy of Fallot
Eisenmenger’s Complex
Tetralogy of Fallot without Pulmonic
Stenosis
Eisenmenger’s Physiology/Syndrome
- Right to left shunt
Persistent Truncus ArteriosusFailure of spiral ridge to truncus arteriosus and conus cordis
No separation of pulmonary artery and aorta – common truncus
Transposition of Great Vessels
http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case58/dx.html
Pulmonic StenosisPulmonic Outflow Obstruction
Circumference of
pulmonic valve <
aorta valve
Haemodynamics
Psi overload
concentric right
ventricular
hypertrophy right
heart failurePathology of Domestic AnimalsJubb, Kennedy, Palmer, Volme 3, 4th edHeart disease web site - general
information – U of Manitoba
Pulmonic Stenosis
Pulmonic Stenosis
Post stenotic dilation
Pathology of Domestic AnimalsJubb, Kennedy, Palmer, Volme 3, 4th ed
Aortic StenosisValvular
*Subvalvular
Haemodynamics
Arrythmia
Cardiac syncope
psi of LV concentric
LVH LVF (10%)
Common Swine
Newfoundland, Boxer,
German shepherd
Positional AbnormalitiesEctopia Cordis
Great Vessels Abnormalities
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Failure of ductus arteriosus to close by 3 weeks
Haemodynamics Blood shunts LR
From aorta to pulmonary artery
pulmonary circulation
workload on LHPathology of Domestic AnimalsJubb, Kennedy, Palmer, Volme 3, 4th
ed
Poodles, Collies, Pomeranians, Chihuahua, Maltese, etc
Persistent Right Aortic Arch
PRAA
Right 4th Aortic Arch
remains – left aortic
arch disappears
Vascular ring
anomaly Ascending aorta
Ligamentum arteriosum
Pulmonary artery
Base of heart
Persistent Right Aortic Arch
PRAA