Conflicts in the Colonies

Conflict in the Colonies1. Native Americans

-land-religion

2. English Power-Mercantilism: England used colonies to provide

products they could not produce-Development of naval power-Desired a favorable balance of trade (when

exports exceed imports

Conflict Continued3. Navigation Acts of 1660 and 1663

-Passed to protect English mercantilism-Colonists were forced to use English ships and

trade directly with England

4. Parliament forces James II out of power-Demonstrates that Parliament has final say

5. Monarchy changes colonies-Enforce and tighten navigation acts-Parliament kept the right to veto any colonial

laws

Uniting for Peace

– Albany Congress (1754)• Ben Franklin• Colonial leaders and Iroquois leaders• Aid against the French• Both reject the idea– no treaty

Added Tension

• Relations with Native Americans worsen• Royal Proclamation of 1763: colonists could not cross the

Appalachian Mountains• England acquired a large debt from the war

Problems after the War

-Indians in the Ohio Valley revolt against British forts

-conflicts were becoming costly for Britain

-Proclamation of 1763

stated that colonists could not cross the Appalachian Mtns

-Colonists ignored the law and continued to provoke Indians

Tensions Build

-British heavily in debt because of war

-standing British Army in the colonies

-Trading restrictions established to levy duties (taxes) on certain products

-smugglers avoid paying taxes

Tensions Build

-writs of assistance

-Sugar Act

affected merchants and traders

-protests began against taxation without representation

James Otis

Stamp Act

-Parliament passes Stamp Act

-placed a direct tax on the colonists

-required stamp on all legal documents, newspapers, license, and cards

-affected many colonists rich and poor

-Quartering Act, 1765

Townshend Acts

-new tax placed on imports such as tea, glass, paper, paint

-colonists again reacted with protests

-British reacted by sending more troops

Parliamentary Acts

• Sugar Act (1764)• Quartering Act (1765)• Stamp Act (1765)

– Stamp Act Congress– Repealed by Parliament (1766)

• Declaratory Act (1766)• Townshend Acts (1767)

Colonial Reactions

• “No taxation without representation.”• “Virtual Representation”-felt unrepresented in Parliament• Sons of Liberty organize boycotts• Committees of Correspondence

– Organized colonial resistance against the crown• Merchants create non-importation associations not buy

British goods

Boston Massacre-March 1770

-protests by colonists

-British troops fire on crowd

-5 colonists killed

Crispus Attucks

-Most soldiers found not guilty

John Adams served as attorney for the soldiers

http://www.earlyamerica.com/review/winter96/enlargement.html

The Revolutionary Cause

• Boston center of colonial protest and rebellion (strained heavily by acts)

• British Army sent to enforce laws• Boston Massacre (1770) Townshend

Acts repealed

Boston Tea Party (1773)

Coercive Acts/Intolerable Acts -harsh acts imposed to punish Boston

-closed Boston Harbor

-military governor over Boston

First Continental Congress

– September 1774– Colonial representatives– Complete boycott of British goods, raise local militias, repeal all

Parliamentary laws

Divided Loyalty

• Loyalists/Tories-opposed independence; loyal to Britain

• Patriots/Whigs-supported the war with Britain; American colonists