Conflict Middle East2009

8/9/2019 Conflict Middle East2009

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Conflict in the Middle East


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Background

Ground Zero for Judaism, Islam, and Christianity.

Judaism: Israel = Bilical !"romised #and$ %ccu&ied y Moses and 'ere(s around )*** B.C.

In+aded and occu&ied y "hilistines Greeks and omans call it !#and of "hilistines$, (hich ecomes

"alestine.

egion of Jesus Christ-s irth, ministry, and death.

!%(nershi&$ changes hands freuently.Muslims ca&ture in /0* uilt 1ome of the ock in Jerusalem in /2)

3&ot (here Mohammed sto&&ed on his (ay to hea+en. 'oliest site in Islam outside 3audi 4raia.

%ttoman 5urks control from )6**-s7)2**-s.


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Balfour 1eclaration

Euro&ean Je(s face &ersecution in late )8**-s. 9ounded mo+ement called Zionism to estalish Je(ish

homeland in "alestine. Begin estalishing communities in "alestine &rior to orld ar

%ne.

British 9oreign 3ecretary Balfour su&&orted the ideaof a !national home$ for the Je(s. 'o&ed to gain Je(ish su&&ort for orld ar %ne. Balfour 1eclaration endorses this homeland as (ell as an

inde&endent state for 4ras. 4ras inter&ret the inde&endent state clause to s&ecify "alestine;

Brits say that isn-t (hat they had in mind.


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5he British Mandate

%ttoman 5urks on losing side of I; British gaincontrol of "alestine in )2


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4ra7Israeli ar of )208

)0 May )208: Zionist leader 1a+id Ben7Guriondeclares that Israel is an inde&endent state.

Egy&t, 3yria, 5ransordan, #eanon, and Ira in+adeon )6 May.

9ighting continues until Jan )202.

Israel &re+ails and gains territory in Galilee to thenorth and the ege+ 1esert to the south.

Jerusalem is di+ided et(een Israel and Jordan.

9ate of A**k "alestinian refugees is left undecided.


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4ra7Israeli ar of )26/

@33 signs arms agreement (ith Egy&t in )266.

Israelis feel threatened y arms uild u& and

launch &re7em&ti+e strike against Egy&t. 4ttack and sei>e the 3inai and Ga>a 3tri&.

elinuished in )26A.

9rench and British retake 3ue> Canal (hich Egy&t

had sei>ed se+eral months earlier.

@ estalishes &eace kee&ing force in 3inai that is

still in &lace today.


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4rafat and the "#%

4rafat forms 4l79atah D"alestinian ational #ieration9ront in )262. Goal (as to lierate "alestine from Israel through guerilla (arfare.

Fariety of "alestinian factions form the "alestinian#ieration %rgani>ation in )2/0. 4rafat ecomes chairman in )2/2. Charter calls for elimination of state of Israel.

'ussein feels threatened and e&els "#% from Jordan in)2A*. 4rafat mo+es 'H to #eanon. "#% dri+en out of #eanon y Israel in )28


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3i 1ay ar

67)* June )2/A

Egy&t, Jordan, and 3yria egin military moili>ation.

Israel launches sur&rise &re7em&ti+e strike. 1estroys most of Egy&tian 4ir 9orce on the ground.

nocked out ?6* aircraft in first three hours.

4rmored forces su&&orted y air and infantry uickly take3inai, Golan 'eights, est Bank Dincluding 4ra &ortion ofJerusalem, and Ga>a. 1estroyed o+er


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om i&&ur ar

/ %ct )2A? Egy&t and 3yria launch sur&rise attack on holiestday of Je(ish year.

I19 not fully moili>ed and is initially &ushed ack.

4ra integrated air defenses and anti7tank missiles take hea+ytoll on I19.

)*7)0 %ct I19 &ushed 3yrians out of Golan and entered 3yria.

)67. 3o+iets threaten to inter+ene (hen Egy&tians are surrounded.

issingerK@3 con+ince Israel to acce&t truce.

Israeli in+inciility rought into uestion; 4ras emoldened. %"EC doules oil &rices and emargoes Israeli su&&orters.


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#eanon

Israel launches air strikes against "#% &ositionsin #eanon in retaliation for terrorist attacks.

3useuently in+ades #eanon and surroundsBeirut in )28


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"eace 4ccords

Cam& 1a+id )2A2 Egy&t recogni>es Israel-s right to eist. Israel returns 3inai to Egy&t. #eads to 3adat-s assassination in )28).

%slo 4ccords )22? Israel and "#% acce&t each other-s right to eist.

4llo(s limited "alestinian self7rule in Ga>a and Jericho. Estalishes frame(ork for settlement of Ga>a and est

Bank issues. #eads to ain-s assassination in )226.


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"eace 4ccords

ye i+er 4ccords )228 4rafat agrees to crack do(n on terrorists. Israeli (ill &ull troo&s ack from occu&ied

territories. )0.< &ercent of the est Bank land (ill e

transferred to "alestinian control. 3afe &assage corridors (ill e estalished for

"alestinians et(een Ga>a and the est Bank. A6* "alestinians (ill e released from Israeli

&risons.


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Israel / Palestine: Arab / Jewish Population

(1914-2000)


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*Includes 190,000 Jewish settlers in the West Bank and 180,000

Jewish Settlers in East Jerusalem

West Bank

(2004)86%

14%


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Gaza Strip(2004)99%

1%


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The Green Line mars theterritories o! the "est #an an$

%a&a 'trip whih were

onuere$ !rom Jor$an an$

*+,pt $urin+ the 19. war

These territories omprise 22

o! pre-194 Palestine

LEGEND

The +reen line

Palestinian territor,

Israeli territor,


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The +o6ernment o! Ariel 'haron laime$ that the 'eparation

"all is a seurit, proet 8pon ompletion3 the 'eparation

"all is proete$ to be . ilometers lon+3 twie the len+th

o! the Green Line.

LEGEND

The +reen line


Israeli territor,

"all un$er onstrution

Appro6e$ patho! the wall

'u++este$ path

o! the wall


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The *astern #arrier will be the last maor phase o! the

'eparation "all This part o! the "all will ensure that

Israel will ontrol all Palestinian ontats with theoutsi$e worl$3 inlu$in+ entries an$ e7its3 as well as

aerial an$ eletroma+neti spae

1 million Palestinians will be insi$e the "all

Another 003000 Palestinians will be !in$ themsel6es

between the "all an$ the Green Line

LEGEND

The +reen linePalestinian territor,

Israeli territor,



'u++este$ path

o! the wall


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The planne$ an$ su++este$ path o! the "all willlea6e some 003000 Palestinians outsi$e the "all3

but insi$e the Green Line In or$er to pre6ent these

Palestinians !rom mo6in+ !reel, outsi$e the "all3 a

sub-s,stem o! smaller enla6es will be onstrute$

outsi$e the main "all

Palestinians who li6e in these

small enla6es will be allowe$

in or out o! them onl,

aor$in+ to the instrutions

o! the Israeli arm,

LEGENDThe +reen line


Israeli territor,



'u++este$ patho! the wall

*nla6e un$er onstrution

'u++este$enla6e


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hat does the (all look likeL 'ere it is


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3ecurity all

5em&orary security

measureL

oute to furtheranneation of

!"alestinian land$L

JustifialeL JustL


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'amas Fictory in "alestinian

Electionsun$amentalist +roup thatwants to establish an Islamistate on what it onsi$ershistori Palestine3 inlu$in+mo$ern-$a, Israel

Politial win+ won a lan$sli$e6itor, in Palestinianparliamentar, eletions

;harter alls !or Israel


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%n7going +iolence since


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hy 4mericans 3hould Care

N2/,A/6,***,***


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'o( 3hould the @.3. Effecti+ely

@se its "o(erL

"olicemanL Enforcer of la(s

ation7uilderL 1emocrati>ation

'umanitarianL

Im&erialistL

"eace ee&erL 1isinterested ?rd "arty

3tay out

Documents

Conflict Middle East2009