Upload
others
View
9
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Gary Woodiwiss
Confined Space Lead Instructor
Confined Spaces
Confined Spaces Regulations 1997
Common Misconceptions
• One way in /out
• Small - confined
• Needs a rescue team
• Below ground
• Has hazards
Definition of a Confined SpaceThe Confined Space Regulations define the term as being:
“Any space, including chamber, tank, vat, silo, pit, trench, pipe, sewer, flue, well, or other similar space in which, by virtue of its enclosed nature, there arises a reasonably foreseeable specified risk.”
Decision making process flowchart (19) Figure 1
• Serious injury to any person at work arising from a fire or explosion
• Loss of consciousness of any person at work arising from an increase in body temperature
• Loss of consciousness or asphyxiation of any person at work arising from gas, fume, vapour or the lack of oxygen
• Drowning of any person at work arising from an increase in the level of liquid
• Asphyxiation of any person at work arising from a free flowing solid or the inability to reach a respirable environment due to entrapment by a free flowing solid
Specified risks
Loss of consciousness of any person at work arising from an
increase in body temperature
Oven death firm Pyranha Mouldings guilty of manslaughter
Alan Catterall, 54, tried to escape using a crowbar but suffered severe burns at the
Pyranha Mouldings factory in Runcorn
Loss of consciousness or asphyxiation of any person at
work arising from gas, fume, vapour or lack of oxygen
• Three crew collapsed and died after entering an oxygen deficient compartment on board the vessel.
• It is likely that the second and third crew members entered the space to attempt to rescue their colleagues(s).
• The vessel had no rescue plan or appropriate rescue equipment in place.• It is fortunate that more lives were not lost during the disorganised rescue
attempt.
3 fatalities on general cargo
vessel Suntis. (26/05/14)
Asphyxiation of any person at work arising from a freeflowing solid or inability to reach a respirable atmosphere
due to entrapment in a free flowing solid.
• 19yr old Zach Dean Fox was trying to clear blockage• Seamore Farming, Denholm, Hawick• £45k
A teenager worker died in an “entirely avoidable
tragedy” involving a grain silo, according to HSE.
Is the area a Confined Space?
Regulations apply even if specified risk is controlled
ACoPThe Approved Code Of Practice has special legal status
• Meaning of confined space• Application of regulations• Duties under the regulations• Risk assessment (factors to be assessed)
• Preventing the need for entry.• Duties with regard to design and construction of CS• Safe working in confined spaces (precautions, suitability)
• Emergency procedures• Plant and equipment• Training
Safe work in confined spaces Confined Spaces Regulations 1997.
Approved Code of Practice, Regulations and Guidance L101 HSEBooks 1997 ISBN 0 7176 6622 5
Safe Working in Confined Spaces• Supervision
• Competence
• Communications
• Testing /monitoring
• Gas purging
• Ventilation
• Removal of residues
• Isolation of gases, liquids, M&E
• Selection of equipment
• PPE & RPE
• Portable cylinders & IC engines
• Gas supplied by pipes and hoses
• Access & Egress• Fire Prevention• Lighting• Static electricity• Smoking• Emergencies & Rescue• Limited Working Time
NC1
NC1•Shallow entry•Adequate natural or mechanical ventilation•Unobstructed simple access•No risk of flooding
National category 2
• Vertical direct unobstructed
access with continuous
attachment to a man riding
hoist or similar mechanical
rescue device
NC3
NC3
• Not possible to stay permanently
attached to safety line
• Usually team entry moving away
from entry point
• E.g man entry into sewers, subway
tunnels, aqueducts and complex
wet wells
NC4
NC4
• Non standard entries
• Involving complex operations which
introduce additional risks and require
specific controls and rescue arrangements
• E.g mechanical hazards, physical complexity
of system introduced hazards and enhanced
specific intrinsic hazards
Low Risk
• Easy entry/exit
• Natural ventilation
• Atmosphere checked with gas
monitor and does not alarm
• If alarm condition – must not
enter
Major Injury Confined Space Accident 19th DECEMBER 2011
Veolia VODA employee suffered severe brain damage as a result of entering a confined space to read a water meter.
• Two water meter readers attended a water meter chamber (1.8mtr)
• Assumed 2nd Chamber OK.
• 6 per cent oxygen.
• Second meter reader entered the chamber to rescue his colleague (twice)
• The emergency services arrived after 15 minutes
Medium Risk
•Access issues
•Realistic expectation of encountering a
specified risk or introduction of a specified risk
•Atmosphere checked with gas monitor and
does not alarm
•If alarm condition – must not enter
•Must enter with Escape Breathing Apparatus
which is available in case of a change of atmosphere
Three underground utility workers in Florida died after entering a confined space without the proper personal
protective equipment or gas monitoring equipment.
First man removed manhole cover, 15-foot-deep and became unresponsive,
Second worker entered and lost consciousness.
Third man climbed into the hole was overcome by gas.
All three workers died
High Risk
•Specified hazard cannot be
controlled or eliminated
•May / may not be access issues
•Activity carried out in the
presence of specified risk
•Entry with Full Working B.A.
A farm manager has been jailed for the manslaughter of two workers who died after being sent into a nitrogen-filled store while holding their breath.
Scott Cain and Ashley Clarke suffocated in the apple container, where the oxygen level was 1%.
They were trying to retrieve apples for an agricultural competition.
Boss jailed for two-and-half years, pleaded guilty in January to three offences related to contravening health and safety regulations, was fined £75,000 and ordered to pay costs.
Emergency Procedures
Reg 5 Emergency arrangements
Emergency Procedure
• Self Rescue
• Non Entry
• On Site Rescue• Basic Casualty Extraction
• Full Rescue
• Emergency Services
Suitable arrangements
• Rescue and Resuscitation equipment
• Raising the alarm
• Safeguarding the rescuers
• Fire safety
• Control of Plant
• First Aid
• Public Emergency Services
• Training
ACoP para 161 - Reliance on the emergency services alone will not be
sufficient to comply with these regulations. Employees must put in place
adequate emergency arrangements before work commences.
Low Risk
Medium Risk
High Risk
Topman
High Risk
Emergency Rescue and Recovery
Management of Work in Confined
Space
6150City & Guilds Scheme-Confined
Spaces Entry
Hazards & Hazardous
Atmospheres
Atmospheric Hazards
• Oxygen Deficient atmospheres.
• Oxygen Enriched atmospheres.
• Flammable atmospheres.
• Toxic atmospheres.
Oxygen Levels
Normal, safe oxygen levels
At 17%, you'll start developing symptoms like apathy, loss of balance, drowsiness and possible nausea.
At 14%, you could be unconscious
At 12%, you might be dead
Flammable, explosion risk, Spontaneous combustion.
0%
19%
23%
20.9%
At 16% you’ll probably fall over
Oxygen Deficiency
LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT - LEL
Standard alarm level
%LEL%VOL
BOOM
4.4%
.88%
100%
20%
Explosive
ME THANE
ToxicDedicated Sensors.
CO
H2S
SO2
CL
LTEL STEL
30 ppm 200ppm
5 ppm 10ppm
2 ppm 5 ppm
0.5ppm 1 ppm
Long Term and Short term exposure levels
Toxic, corrosive, liquefied gas, a by-product of many industrial processes
Toxic, corrosive and oxidant liquefied gas, Bleach
Toxic, flammable gas, offensive odour of rotten eggs, Nerve Poison
Flammable, colorless & odourless gas. A chemical asphyxiant
Bump test
Test gas (mixture of known gases and concentrations)
Pressure regulator and gauge
Gas tube
Calibration clipBS60079
Classification
• By purifying the air breathed
• By supplying air or oxygen from an uncontaminated source.
Breathing Apparatus
Non Self ContainedSelf Contained
Closed
circuit
Open circuit Compressed
air line
Face Fit TestingIf you wear a tight fitting mask thatrelies on making a seal with yourface then you need a face fit test.
Fit testing is a requirement under the COSHH (hazardous substances), CAR (asbestos) and CLAW (lead) regulations.
Further information…•HSE document - OC 282/28 (HSE website)•Fit2Fit accreditation scheme – www.fit2fit.org
Questions
The point were we interact
Thank you for attending this
presentation