Confined Space and Metro FireConfined Space and Metro Fire

Rescue 21 Rescue 21

& &

Engine 21Engine 21

Rescue 21 Rescue 21 Staffing of 4Staffing of 4

High angle/low angle ropeHigh angle/low angle rope Building collapseBuilding collapse Water Water Confined spaceConfined space TrenchTrench RIC -Rapid Intervention CrewRIC -Rapid Intervention Crew Vehicle ExtricationVehicle Extrication

Engine 21Engine 21Staffing of 3Staffing of 3

Cross TrainedCross Trained ALS (Paramedic)ALS (Paramedic) Hose, Water & pumpHose, Water & pump General FirefightingGeneral Firefighting

What to expect from Metro FireWhat to expect from Metro Fire

First due engine companyFirst due engine company Medic (ambulance)Medic (ambulance) Battalion ChiefBattalion Chief Closet Truck CompanyCloset Truck Company Rescue 21 & Engine 21Rescue 21 & Engine 21 Hazardous Materials unitHazardous Materials unit Overhead personnel (PIO)Overhead personnel (PIO)

Recognize the Danger:Recognize the Danger:

A major cause of confined space A major cause of confined space injuries/fatalities is the failure to injuries/fatalities is the failure to recognize the incident for what it recognize the incident for what it

is….is….

A CONFINED SPACE INCIDENT !A CONFINED SPACE INCIDENT !

AlwaysAlways keep in mind keep in mind

The Survival Profile of Victim !!!!!The Survival Profile of Victim !!!!! According to statistic we are going after According to statistic we are going after

victims victims notnot patients patients Provision for non-entry rescueProvision for non-entry rescue Every C.S. incident will be investigated by Every C.S. incident will be investigated by

OSHA.OSHA. Entry into a C.S. is mission specificEntry into a C.S. is mission specific

OSHA will be looking for…OSHA will be looking for…

The C.S. to determine if it meets the The C.S. to determine if it meets the requirements for a Permit Required requirements for a Permit Required Confined Space (p.r.s.c.)Confined Space (p.r.s.c.)

Two permitsTwo permits Training records (authorized)Training records (authorized) Provision(s) for non-entry rescueProvision(s) for non-entry rescue

3 Most Common OSHA 3 Most Common OSHA Citations issued in Calif.Citations issued in Calif.

Failure to provide hazard(s) communication Failure to provide hazard(s) communication to rescuersto rescuers

Failure to provide appropriate equipmentFailure to provide appropriate equipment

Failure to provide training on equipmentFailure to provide training on equipment

RegulationsRegulations

AB 111 = negligent supervisorAB 111 = negligent supervisor

AB 1127 “The Big One” Jan. 2000AB 1127 “The Big One” Jan. 2000

Title 8 CCR GISO 5156, 5157 & 5158Title 8 CCR GISO 5156, 5157 & 5158

Assembly Bill 111Assembly Bill 111

One of the first regulatory laws One of the first regulatory laws enacted to hold C.S. entrants enacted to hold C.S. entrants

accountable.accountable.

AB 1127 “$$”AB 1127 “$$”

Enacted in January 2000. Says we Enacted in January 2000. Says we show up, allow something to happen, show up, allow something to happen,

somebody gets injured/killed, we somebody gets injured/killed, we share responsibility.share responsibility.

Is Prosecuted as a Felony!!Is Prosecuted as a Felony!!

Title 8 CCR, 5156…Title 8 CCR, 5156…

Grants an exclusion to Grants an exclusion to - Construction operationsConstruction operations- Agricultural operationsAgricultural operations- Marine terminal operationsMarine terminal operations- Shipyard operationsShipyard operations- Telecommunications manholes/VaultsTelecommunications manholes/Vaults- Grain handling facilitiesGrain handling facilities- Natural gas distributionNatural gas distribution- Electrical utility operations underground vaultsElectrical utility operations underground vaults

Title 8 CCR, 5157…Title 8 CCR, 5157…

Specific requirements on how to enter a Specific requirements on how to enter a Permit Required Confined Space.Permit Required Confined Space.

Applies to Rescue CompaniesApplies to Rescue Companies Lists the Lists the mandatorymandatory components components Includes appendices that may be Includes appendices that may be

enforceable by OSHAenforceable by OSHA

Title 8 CCR, 5158…Title 8 CCR, 5158…

Lists requirements for those 8 industries Lists requirements for those 8 industries that are exempted under 5156(b) (2)that are exempted under 5156(b) (2)

A Confined Space is…A Confined Space is…

An area large enough and so configured that An area large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter to perform an employee can bodily enter to perform assigned work and:assigned work and:

Has limited or restricted means for Has limited or restricted means for entry/egress and;entry/egress and;

Is not designed for continuous employee Is not designed for continuous employee occupancyoccupancy

Types of Confined SpacesTypes of Confined Spaces

SewersSewers Railroads CarsRailroads Cars Vaults and pitsVaults and pits Vessels, silos, storage binsVessels, silos, storage bins Hoppers, pipelinesHoppers, pipelines

Reason for Entering A Confined Reason for Entering A Confined SpaceSpace

CleaningCleaning InspectionsInspections MaintenanceMaintenance TrainingTraining RescueRescue

A Permit Required Confined A Permit Required Confined Space…Space…

Contains or has the Contains or has the potentialpotential to contain a to contain a hazardous atmosphere hazardous atmosphere oror,,

Contains a material that has the potential for Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant engulfing an entrant oror,,

Has an internal configuration such that an entrant Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could become trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly could become trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor which slopes converging walls or by a floor which slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross-section downward and tapers to a smaller cross-section oror,,

Contains any other recognized serious safety or Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazardhealth hazard

Silos Silos --

Industrial Industrial or or

AgriculturalAgricultural

ManholesManholes- -

Sanitary Sanitary or or

StormStorm

What are the Hazards to Rescuers What are the Hazards to Rescuers at C.S. incidents?at C.S. incidents?

Atmosphere 65%Atmosphere 65% Engulfment 13%Engulfment 13%

BridgingBridging

Physical 7%Physical 7% Corrosive Corrosive BiologicalBiological PsychologicalPsychological

OSHA Says these are OSHA Says these are MandatoryMandatory PositionsPositions

Entry SupervisorEntry Supervisor AttendantAttendant EntrantEntrant Back-up entrantBack-up entrant

What is an Entry?What is an Entry?

The action by which a person passes The action by which a person passes through an opening into a permit through an opening into a permit required confined space, and includes required confined space, and includes ensuing work activities in that spaceensuing work activities in that space

Considered to have occurred as soon as Considered to have occurred as soon as any part of the entrants body breaks the any part of the entrants body breaks the plane of an opening into the spaceplane of an opening into the space

Mandatory Components for a Mandatory Components for a C.S. entryC.S. entry

Written Policy (including Permit)Written Policy (including Permit) Lock out/Tag outLock out/Tag out Provide rescue/standbyProvide rescue/standby Atmospheric monitoringAtmospheric monitoring CommunicationsCommunications Ventilation (unless it increases hazard)Ventilation (unless it increases hazard) Retrieval Line (provision for non-entry rescue)Retrieval Line (provision for non-entry rescue) Appropriate harnessAppropriate harness Mechanical Advantage if > 5’ fallMechanical Advantage if > 5’ fall

IsolationIsolationPurgingPurgingInertingInertingVentilationVentilationBarricadesBarricadesLock out/tag outLock out/tag out

Lock Out/Tag Out is….

PadlocksPadlocks Hasps & tagsHasps & tags Plug & valve coversPlug & valve covers ChainChain Electrical TesterElectrical Tester

Lock-Out/Tag-Out KitLock-Out/Tag-Out Kit

Reasons for MonitoringReasons for Monitoring

Assess the survival profile of the victimAssess the survival profile of the victim Atmospheres are the #1 killer of C.S. Atmospheres are the #1 killer of C.S.

occupantsoccupants

Hazardous AtmospheresHazardous Atmospheres

Oxygen levels below 19.5% or above Oxygen levels below 19.5% or above 23.5%23.5%

Atmosphere at or above 10% of the LELAtmosphere at or above 10% of the LEL Airborne combustible dusts which reduce Airborne combustible dusts which reduce

vision to 5’ or lessvision to 5’ or less Atmosphere with products/vapors at or Atmosphere with products/vapors at or

above their IDLH levels.above their IDLH levels.

What are we monitoring for ?What are we monitoring for ?

OxygenOxygen

Flammable/Explosive atmospheresFlammable/Explosive atmospheres

Selected toxicsSelected toxics

Usually CO & H2SUsually CO & H2S

OxygenOxygen

-Recorded as a %-Recorded as a %

-OSHA says 19.5% - 23.5% is-OSHA says 19.5% - 23.5% is

acceptable entry rangeacceptable entry range

-Oxygen is always checked -Oxygen is always checked firstfirst

Flammable or Explosive Flammable or Explosive atmospheresatmospheres

Usually recorded as % LEL. ppm or % gasUsually recorded as % LEL. ppm or % gas

10% of the LEL is the upper limit for entry10% of the LEL is the upper limit for entry

Difference between LEL 100% & vapor Difference between LEL 100% & vapor 100%100%

EXPLOSIVE RANGE Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) vs Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)

AIR (Too lean to burn) Explosive Range (Too rich to burn)

LEL UEL

COMBUSTIBLES

Hydrogen Sulfide H2SHydrogen Sulfide H2S

- Colorless, odor of rotten eggsColorless, odor of rotten eggs- Destroys olfactory sensesDestroys olfactory senses- Ppm, 10 ppm entry limitPpm, 10 ppm entry limit

Carbon Monoxide (CO)Carbon Monoxide (CO)

- Colorless, odorless, explosiveColorless, odorless, explosive- ppm ppm - 25 ppm is limit for entry25 ppm is limit for entry

How we monitorHow we monitor

Prior to entry (approach monitoring)Prior to entry (approach monitoring) Continuously during entryContinuously during entry At 4’ intervalsAt 4’ intervals DOCUMENTDOCUMENT

CommunicationsCommunications

5157 states mandatory between Attendant 5157 states mandatory between Attendant & Entrant& Entrant

RadioRadio HardwiredHardwired Rope signals O.A.T.H.Rope signals O.A.T.H.

VentilationVentilation

Increases survivability profileIncreases survivability profile- reduces LEL’s to safe levels- reduces LEL’s to safe levels- temperature conducive for human- temperature conducive for human

habitationhabitation Replaces contaminated airReplaces contaminated air

Air exchangesAir exchanges

Reduces explosion chancesReduces explosion chances

Retrieval SystemRetrieval System

The equipment including a retrieval line, The equipment including a retrieval line, class III harness, wristlets, if appropriate, class III harness, wristlets, if appropriate, (and lifting device) used for (and lifting device) used for non-entry non-entry rescuerescue of workers from a permit-required of workers from a permit-required confined spaceconfined space

Mechanical AdvantageMechanical Advantage

Required for vertical C.S. more than 5’ Required for vertical C.S. more than 5’ deepdeep

Hand operated, approved winch w/ cableHand operated, approved winch w/ cable Rope and pulleys with brakeRope and pulleys with brake Not considered the retrieval lineNot considered the retrieval line

Types of Respiratory ProtectionTypes of Respiratory Protection

APR - Air Purifying RespiratorAPR - Air Purifying Respirator SCBA – Self Contained Breathing SCBA – Self Contained Breathing

ApparatusApparatus SAR - Supplied Air RespiratorSAR - Supplied Air Respirator

Recognize exposure to yourself Recognize exposure to yourself & co-workers& co-workers

HeadacheHeadache DizzinessDizziness NauseaNausea Smell or rotten eggsSmell or rotten eggs EuphoriaEuphoria

Any Questions?Any Questions?

Thank youThank you