Confidence in the reasoning process

8/19/2019 Confidence in the reasoning process

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The 40th Annual Meeng of the Semioc Society of America

Pisburgh, PA: October 1–4, 2015

Condence in the Reasoning

Process Through Interpretants of

Symbolic Signs

Priscila [email protected]

University of Brasilia - UnB


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Peirce’s semiocs is a formal doctrine of signs. As

such, semiocs “would be concerned, in part, to

determine the condions for counng anythingas true.” (LISZKA, 1996, p.2)

Here, truth is understood in a pragmac way asthat “which sucient inquiry would inevitably

lead” (Peirce, c. 1907, MS [R] 322 [Pragmasm]).

If aaining truth depends on an inquiry process,

it demands ways to guarantee the accuracy of

this process.


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speculave grammarconcerns the classicaon of signs

cric“gives the condions which determine the reasoning to be secure” (Peirce,

c.1902, CP 2.1)

methodeucis the “study of the necessary condions of the transmission of meaning by

signs from mind to mind” (Peirce, c. 1897, CP 1.444).

Condions for reasoning and meaning relate to a process that occur in the

interpretants and they involve a symbolic sign.


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symbol“represents its object by virtue of a character which is conferred upon it by an

operaon of the mind.” (Peirce, c. 1899-1900, MS [R] 142:4-6)

A reasoning process is an operaon of the mind, and it is in

the set of symbols that we can observe beer this process.

Condence in the reasoning process may be found in theinterpretants of symbolic signs.

Peirce developed the theory of interpretants late in his

lifeme. And only the system of 66 sign classes have more

than one trichotomy that deals with interpretants, in which

the condions for the inquiry process may show up.


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Signtree

66 sign classes

Symbol (S-DO) DOIO

SIIDI

FIS-FI S-DI

Qualisign

Iconic Sinsign

D i c e n t S i n s i g n

D i c e n t

L e g i s

i g n

Iconic Legisign

Symbol D i c e n t

S y m b o

l

A r g u m

e n t

I n d e x i c a

l S i n s i g n

IndexicalLegisign

S-DODO FI

S

Symbol

Sinsign

Sinsign

Sinsign

LegisignIconic

Indexical

Qualisign


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p a r c u l a r s i g n s ,

i n a d e t e r m i n e d

c o n t e x t

o v e r a l l p r

o c e s s,

i t s

c o n f d e n

c e m a

y b e

c o n v e y e d b

y g e n

e r a l s i

g n s

DOIO

SIIDI

FIS-FI S-DI

Qualisign

Iconic Sinsign

D i c e n

t S i n s i g n

D i c e n t

L e g i s i g n

Iconic Legisign

Symbol D

i c e n t

S y m

b o l

A r g u m

e n t

I n d e x i c a l S i n s i g n

IndexicalLegisign

S-DODO FI

S

Symbol

Sinsign

Sinsign

Sinsign

LegisignIconic

Indexical

Qualisign


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When we examine a

parcular sign, we can try

to predict the ideas it will

be able to produce in a

parcular circumstance.

A symbol is a general

sign, we cannot predict

the possible ideas the

instances of this type

of sign will be able to

produce, since the

parcular characters

and the context of the

sign also determine its

interpretants.Symbolic interpretants show a

method to measure the value of

the idea that the sign is able to

produce.

Symbol

Legisign

II

DI

S-DI

FI

S-FI

DO-S-FI


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Symbol

Legisign

II

DI

S-DI

FI

S-FI

DO-S-FI

Only the symbolic classes

from the 66 classes

system show all modes

of interpretants in acon,

because the symbol

is the only sign that

depends on acquiring

a habit, which means

having interpretant

trichotomies of thirdness.

Hypothec

The potenal to raise a hypothesis. It is only

insnct that assures that these hypotheses

are true, and insnct as a mode of assurance

is related to the rst grade of clearness.


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Symbol

Legisign

II

DI

S-DI

FI

S-FI

DO-S-FI

Hypothecal (II)

Categorical (II)

Being of secondness,

they are linked to

experience and it seems

that the six classes that

follow the hypothecal

interpretant indicate

the necessity to nourish

the process with the

experiences that lack in a

hypothesis.

Through experiences,

we can pass from

a hypothesis to an

asseron, which is

assured by experience.


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DOIO

SIIDI

FIS-FI S-DI

Qualisign

Iconic Sinsign


D i c e n t

L e g i s

i g n

Iconic Legisign

Symbol D i c e n t

S y m b o

l

A r g u m

e n t

I n d e x i c a

l S i n s i g n

IndexicalLegisign

S-DODO FI

S

Symbol

Sinsign

Sinsign

Sinsign

LegisignIconic

Indexical

Qualisign

Among iconic and

indexical classes we nd

14 classes in which the

immediate interpretant

is hypothecal. In the

symbolic classes there is

only one sign which may

produce a hypothesis.

These classes seem to be

related to the rst step of

reasoning, abducon.

Abducon as the rst

phase of inquiry.

Hypothecal (II)


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From the mulplicity

of hypotheses to

the selecon of one

parcular subject of

invesgaon, there is the

process of picking one

out of the bundle, which

should follow some rules.

Secondness in the

interpretants of indexical

signs: it seems to be

related to the tesng

of hypotheses through

experience.DO IO

SIIDI

FIS-FI S-DI

Qualisign

Iconic Sinsign


D i c e n t

L e g i s i g n

Iconic Legisign

Symbol D i c e n t

S y m b o

l

A r g u m

e n t


IndexicalLegisign

S-DODO FI

S

Symbol

Sinsign

Sinsign

Sinsign

LegisignIconic

Indexical

Qualisign


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Symbol

Legisign

II

DI

S-DI

FI

If the hypothesis raised

is able to explain certain

facts and if it agrees

with experience, it

is possible to take a

step forward towards

becoming a belief,

which is represented by

reaching the immediate

interpretant of the third

mode of being.

Immediate interpretant:

what the sign is able

to produce. Since this

meaning is relave, we

can think that meaning

depends on certain

condions.

Categorical (II)

Relave (II)

Hypothecal (II)


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Symbol

Legisign

II

DI

S-DI

FID e d

u c t

v e p r o c e s s

Would this correspond

in some sense to

considering the possible

consequences of the

hypothesis, which

is characterisc of a

deducve process?

If it is so, then, we can

think that every step

towards an interpretant

trichotomy of the third

mode represents a

deducon step in the

process of reasoning.Relave (II)represents an

explanaon of

the hypothesis

represent

the inducve

test based on

experience


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Symbol

Legisign

II

DI

S-DI

FI

Usual (DI)

may express a

probable inference

represent theinducve test


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Symbol

Legisign

II

DI

S-DI

FI

Indicave (S-DI)

It means expressing a simple statement of a fact.

This statement is the would be produced by the

deducon process based on the hypothesis.

The would be is based on the relave immediate

interpretant

represent the experience with

this diagram, mixed with previous

experiences with the actual sign,

which is closer to an inducve process.

Relave (II)

limits the range of

cases in which the

hypothesis can be

applied and on its

probability to occur

represents a process of building a

diagram of the relaons that are

observed and tested in the mind. Usual (DI)


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DOIO

SIIDI

FIS-FI S-DI Iconic Sinsign

D i c e n t S i n

s i g n

D i c e n t

L e g i s

i g n

Iconic Legisign

Symbol D i c e n t

S y m b o

l

A r g u m e n t


IndexicalLegisign

S-DODO FI

S

Symbol

Sinsign

SinsignSinsign

LegisignIconic

Indexical

Qualisign

Pragmac (FI)

Grafying (FI)

Prac (FI)

Indicave (S-DI)


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Symbol

Legisign

II

DI

S-DI

FI

Peirce compares the three grades

of clearness to the interpretants

of a sign

familiarity, 1st grade of clearness:

interpretaon in feeling

(Peirce, 1909, EP 2:496-7)

sympathec interpretant (DI)

suggesve interpretant (S-DI)

grafying interpretant (FI)

Grafying (FI)

Suggesve interpretant (S-DI)

Sympathec interpretant (DI)


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Symbol

Legisign

II

DI

S-DI

FI

Second grade of clearness is

a logical analysis. Peirce also

relates logical analysis to the

dynamical interpretant.

I am more inclined to

say that it would be

related to the dynamical

interpretant of secondness

and thirdness, which are

connected to deducve

reasoning. Including the

sign-dynamical Interpretant

trichotomy.

Percussive (DI)Usual (DI)


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Symbol

Legisign

II

DI

S-DI

FI

Peirce idenes the third

grade of clearness with the

nal interpretant and says it

is a pragmasc analysis.

The third mode of being

of the nal interpretant is

pragmac.

In the pragmac nal

interpretant the sign is the

subject of crical reecon

and its meaning is focus

of crical aenon by a

deliberate inquirer. Through

this self-controlled process,

we are able to modify our

habits.

Pragmac (FI)


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Symbol

Legisign

II

DI

S-DI

FI

S-FI

DO-S-FI

This one class that

reaches a concept

through a self-controlled

process can represent

the beget of a new or

modied concept.

All the others, be them

interpretants acons or

a mental interpretaon,

are unreecve instances

of the concept, which

are very important to

the consolidaon of the

concept itself.can represent the

beget of a new or

modied concept.


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Symbol

Legisign

II

DI

S-DI

FI

S-FI

DO-S-FI

The layers of habituaon

are represented by the

great number of sign classes

that have a grafying nal

interpretant (and are,

consequently, rhemac),

and, more specically, in

the ones that have a usual

dynamical interpretant.

Grafying (FI)

Usual (DI)


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Symbol

Legisign

II

DI

S-DI

FI

S-FI

DO-S-FI

The dicent (S-FI) is a

sign capable of being

asserted. It can also be

an asseron, if it is a

parcular sign.

The dicent tells

something about an

inuence a sign had, but

not about the future

relaons that signs of this

sort can produce.

It is the argument

that has a principle of

sequence and that can

predict something about

the inuence or the

relaons of the sign.

Dicent (S-FI)

Argument (S-FI)


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Symbol

Legisign

II

DI

S-DI

FI

S-FI

DO-S-FI

The triadic relaon

between sign, dynamical

object and nal

interpretant refers to

the assurance of the

uerance.

Insnct (DO-S-FI)

Form (DO-S-FI)

Experience (DO-S-FI)


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Symbol

Legisign

II

DI

S-DI

FI

S-FI

DO-S-FI

Insnct is an assurance that

results from abducons,

but not only, since insnct

is the mode of assurance of

a great number of classes

in which deducon and

inducon are in course.

We can noce that the

assurance of experience

is possible only in sign

classes that have either

secondness or thirdness in

its trichotomies, including

in that all the classes that

show an inducve process

and the ones in which

deducon is in course, but

not nished.

Insnct (DO-S-FI)

Experience (DO-S-FI)


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Symbol

Legisign

II

DI

S-DI

FI

S-FI

DO-S-FI

Form (DO-S-FI)

The assurance of form

is restricted to the

only class of sign that

has thirdness in all its

trichotomies and it is an

assurance reached by a

process that includes all

types of reasoning.

Documents

Confidence in the reasoning process