CONFERENCE POSTGRADUATE 2020

PROGRAMME & ABSTRACTS

2020CONFERENCEPOSTGRADUATE

HOSTED BY THE CENTRE FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDIES

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08:30 – 09:00 Arrival (Delegates to join the Conference)

09:00 – 09:15 Welcome by Prof Dina Burger, Director: Research & CPGS

09:15 – 09:35 Opening address by Dr David Phaho DVC: RTIP

09:40 – 09:50 Explanation of the day’s proceedings

09:50 Delegates to respective rooms

PROGRAMME

ROOM 1 HUMAN, HEALTH AND SOCIAL DYNAMICS & THE DIGITAL SOCIETY

10:00 – 10:20 An assessment of government funded internet provision in relation to digital use of a selected community in the Western Cape, South Africa by Aslam Levy

10:20 – 10:40 The role of social entrepreneurship in youth development: The case of a music school in the city of Tshwane, South Africa by Henry Esau

10:40 – 11:00 Redox and Iron status of blood donors in Worcester, Western Cape by Keán A Thompson

11:00 – 11:20 Effect of dietary rooibos on exercise-induced oxidative stress, performance and recovery by Oiva Viety Kamati

11:20 – 11:40 Codes of ethics and Codes of conduct: The case of teaching practice at South African universities by Carike Kriel

11:40 – 12:00 Investigating the entrepreneurial intentions of students at a technical and vocational education and training college by Nobandla Malawu

12:00 – 12:20 TEA BREAK

ROOM 1 THE DIGITAL SOCIETY

12:20 – 12:40 An assessment of the relationship between website usability and web analytics by Brian Malakhiwe Ntlangula

12:40 – 13:00 Evaluating the usability of cross-platform and native mobile applications by Fahiem Sampson

13:00 – 13:20 Academic integrity in South African high schools: A systematic literature review by Ayodeji Owojuyigbe

13:20 – 13:40 Link between usability and visibility of African university websites by Hans-Randy Masamba

13:40 – 14:00 The importance of ICT in women-owned businesses in Kigali, Rwanda by Simon Nsengimana

14:00 – 14:20 TEA BREAK

14:20 – 14:40 Pre-service teachers' perceptions of their use of an Intelligent Tutoring System for English Language Proficiency by Derek Ballantyne

14:40 – 15:00 Integration of healthcare information systems at points-of-care to enhance service delivery in public hospitals: A critical realist perspective by Oluwamayowa Ogundaini

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ROOM 2 SMART ENERGY

10:00 – 10:20 Oceans Energy for South Africa Coastline by Mr MN LUNAMBA

10:20 – 10:40 African sustainable energy microgrid development with solar PV and energy storage by Randy Kabala

10:40 – 11:00 Design and simulation of a soft switching bidirectional dc-dc converter for a battery storage systems by Siphelele Nkohli

11:00 – 11:20 Opportunities for Broad-Based Economic participation in the Western Cape Petroleum Industry by Qaqamba Tshangana

11:20 – 11:40 Domestic and commercial fuel cell / battery / ultra-capacitor / thermo-electric hybrid power energy conversion and energy storage management CCHP system by Nganyang Paul Bayendang

11:40 – 12:00 TEA BREAK

ROOM 2 SPACE SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

12:00 – 12:20 Finding common trends in high performance computing system security breaches by Sanda, Zintle

12:20 – 12:40 Exploring interference effects in nanosatellite communication channels by Luthando Ncele

12:40 – 13:00 Numerical simulation of self-sustained cavitation pocket for suction-end of a centrifugal pump by Anthony Ile

13:00 – 13:20 Effects of Jet Vane Thrust Vectoring System on the lift attitude and power usage of a RPAS by Uchenna Ogemdi Okwuosa

13:20 – 13:40 The design of a machine transpreting system for police investigative interviewing in South Africa by Forchu Melo

13:40 – 14:00 Agile: Investigating smart product backlog grooming for complex decision support by Bokang Seitlheko

14:00 – 14:20 TEA BREAK

14:20 – 14:40 Development and testing of the new design for a single stage solar still by Nandipha Pangwa

14:40 – 15:00 Evaluation mechanical properties and microstructure of the friction stir processed Fswed AA1050-AA8011 dissimilar joints by Motshwanedi Sharon

15:00 – 15:20 Fairness maximization design of noma-based integrated satellite-terrestrial network for 5G by Joel S Biyoghe

15:20 – 15:40 The evolution towards Fog Radio Access Network (FRAN) to mitigate fronthaul constraint for 5G cloud RAN by Vuyo Pana

PROGRAMME

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ROOM 3 THE ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE AND SUSTAINABILITY

12:20 – 12:40 Spatial resilience of Central Karoo region, Western Cape, South Africa by Elizabet Dimitrova

12:40 – 13:00 Microplastics in southern Africa: A synopsis of research at CPUT by Conrad Sparks

13:00 – 13:20 Estimating population changes in humpback whales (Megaptera Novaeangliae) migrating past Cape Vidal, South Africa by Christopher Wilkinson

13:20 – 13:40 Sand based system for physiochemical and biological treatment of winery wastewater by Gareth Holtman

13:40 – 14:00 Implementation of ISO 50001:2018 Energy Management Systems in Steelwork Manufacturing by Lutho Mkosana

14:00 – 14:00 Reducing human-wildlife conflict in South Africa: The potential role of livestock guardian dogs in carnivore conservation by Craig Glatthaar

14:00 – 14:20 TEA BREAK

ROOM 3 BIO-ECONOMY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

14:20 – 14:40 Anaerobic treatment of tannery effluents in the context of a circular bioeconomy for developing countries by Ashton Busani Mpofu

14:40 – 15:00 Cloning and expression of vigna subterranea germacrene d synthase in escherichia coli by Vuyiseka Nkqenkqa

15:00 – 15:20 Comparison of anaerobic digestion approaches using selected fibrous and non-fibrous organic waste by Noluthando Dube

15:20 – 15:40 Ameliorative effects of Chalcones capped gold nanoparticles in the management of Diabetes Mellitus by Akeem omolaja Akinfenwa

15:40 – 16:00 TEA BREAK

PROGRAMME

16:00 – 16:15 Prize Giving by Dr Corrie Uys and Mr Masimba Paradza

Vote of Thanks by Mr Masimba Paradza

ROOM 3 THE ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE AND SUSTAINABILITY

10:00 – 10:20 Sorption mechanisms of Cadmium (Cd2+) onto spent coffee grounds by Leroy Ford

10:20 – 10:40 Infrastructure performance and irrigation water governance in Genadendal, Western Cape, South Africa by Mr Kudzai Mugejo

10:40 – 11:00 Listing invasive alien species: Where have they gone? by Chelsey Matthys

11:00 – 11:20 Microplastic concentrations at a rocky shore in False Bay, South Africa by Liam Ferguson

11:20 – 11:40 Environmental concentrations of microplastics in selected echinoderms in rocky shores of the Western Cape, South Africa by Danielle Julius

11:40 – 12:00 The impacts of Cape Town stormwater outlets and marine sewage outfall on microplastic distribution and coastal biodiversity by Rushdi Ariefdien

12:00 – 12:20 TEA BREAK

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ORAL PRESENTATIONS

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Nandipha Pangwa, Velaphi Msomi

ABSTRACT ID: 76 Submitted:10 December 2020

TOPIC: SPACE SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

ORAL PRESENTATION

DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF THE NEW DESIGN FOR A SINGLE STAGE SOLAR STILL

A solar still is a device that yields drinkable and potable water from contaminated and saline water utilizing the energy from the sun. Solar stills mainly consist of a water basin, a glass cover positioned at an angle facing the sun, collecting tray, collecting tank and feeding tank. The basic operation of the device is that the contaminated water inside the basin gets heated by the sunlight, the water evaporates. The water vapour cools down on the glass cover and becomes water droplets that get collected as potable water. Solar stills are categorized into two, active and passive solar stills. Active solar stills make use of additional devices to convert energy from the sun into a more usable form. Passive solar stills only use heat energy directly from the sun. Due to the availability of freshwater solar stills have become popular all over the world. Over the year’s researchers have developed and tested different designs of solar stills to improve the efficiency and production of potable water. This project is looking at redesigning the double sloped solar still that will be tested using the real environmental conditions. The proposed design will incorporate the mechanism that will be used to store thermal energy for the night-time operation since there is no solar radiation during this time. The performance of the newly designed solar still will be compared with existing designs.

KEYWORDS active solar still, desalination, passive solar still, solar energy, solar still

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Vuyo Pana ABSTRACT ID: 5 Submitted: 27 Nov 2020


ORAL PRESENTATION

THE EVOLUTION TOWARDS FOG RADIO ACCESS NETWORK (FRAN) TO MITIGATE FRONTHAUL CONSTRAINT FOR 5G CLOUD RAN

Traditional RAN does not meet current user requirements and projected data growth. This is due to the emergence of new service categories such as massive machine-type communication (mMTC), and ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (uRLLC). More so, mobile network operators (MNO) are concerned about rising capital and operational costs with low returns. Moreover, the Cloud Radio Access Network (CRAN) was introduced to serve as a foundational architecture for new RAN. The CRAN architecture is virtualized and contains a centralised Baseband unit (BBU with features for dynamically sharing the remote radio heads (RRH). This contributes to efficient BBU pool utilisation with reduced energy consumption. However, centralisation reveals the fronthaul weakness of CRAN. To mitigate this limitation, a range of radio access technologies (RAT) and modified CRAN architectures have been introduced in the literature. Among the recent RAT, the heterogeneous CRAN, the virtual CRAN, and the Fog RAN provide the most promising prospects for overcoming the fronthaul limitation. In this paper, we propose a modified Fog RAN for fifth-generation (5G) network and beyond. This modified architecture provides potential solutions for efficient C-RAN optical fronthaul.

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Akeem Omolaja Akinfenwa ABSTRACT ID: 7 Submitted: 3 Dec 2020

TOPIC: BIO-ECONOMY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

ORAL PRESENTATION

AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF CHALCONES CAPPED GOLD NANOPARTICLES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS

In recent years, interactions between the surface of gold nanoparticles and organic molecules have attracted immense interest in drug discovery research. Helichrysum foetidum is a South African medicinal plant used in folk medicine for the treatment of different human pathologies and known to contain bioactive compounds. Herein, the total extract and two pure chalcones viz helichrysetin and helichrysin were used successfully to synthesize biostable gold nanoparticles. The biological evaluation of the samples indicated the AuNP/capping agent conjugates have a different biological profile from the total extract/pure compounds. The enzymatic inhibition assays showed significant inhibition by the total extract, helichrysetin and its gold nanoparticles. Interestingly, similar activity was observed in mammalian cell-based glucose uptake assay. On the other hand, all the tested samples relatively demonstrated no cytotoxicity when tested against the HaCaT keratinocytes. In conclusion, two pure compounds were used to synthesize AuNPs. The AuNPs capped with both compounds were biostable and showed enhanced glucose uptake activity and inhibition of diabetes-related enzymes which indicate the potential of the AuNPs/chalcones conjugate in the treatment of diabetes.

KEYWORDS Helichrysum foetidum; Chalcones, Gold nanoparticles; Bio-reduction, aglucosidase; Toxicity; Glucose uptake

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Danielle Julius ABSTRACT ID: 68 Submitted: 9 Dec 2020

TOPIC: THE ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE AND SUSTAINABILITY

ORAL PRESENTATION

ENVIRONMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS OF MICROPLASTICS IN SELECTED ECHINODERMS IN ROCKY SHORES OF THE WESTERN CAPE, SOUTH AFRICA

Plastic debris is accumulating in all environments at an alarming rate. South Africa’s poor waste management plan has led to an increase in plastic contamination in freshwater, estuarine and marine environments. Microplastics are defined as plastic particles less than 5 mm in diameter. The aim of this study was to determine environmental concentrations of ingested microplastics in echinoderms. Echinoderms (n = 20 per site) were sampled in Summer 2020 during low tide at 22 rocky shore sites along the coast of the Western Cape, South Africa. Sampling effort was subject to availability of echinoderms at the sites sampled, but at least two types of echinoderms were analysed per site. Samples were processed and analysed for microplastics based on type, colour and size. Filter feeding echinoderms (sea cucumbers) had higher concentrations of microplastics compared to grazing echinoderms (sea urchins, sea stars and cushion stars) and scavengers (starfish). Echinoderms found in sandy areas had higher concentrations of microplastics compared to those found on harder substrates. The results suggest that filter feeding echinoderms are more susceptible to ingesting microplastics. This study will contribute towards historical data and assist in estimating the long-term impacts of microplastic contamination along the coast of South Africa.

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Christopher Wilkinson ABSTRACT ID: 21 Submitted: 8 Dec 2020


ORAL PRESENTATION

ESTIMATING POPULATION CHANGES IN HUMPBACK WHALES (MEGAPTERA NOVAEANGLIAE) MIGRATING PAST CAPE VIDAL, SOUTH AFRICA

Annual migrations of Southern Hemisphere humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae, from summer Antarctic feeding grounds to winter breeding grounds in coastal tropical waters has been well documented through time. Shore-based surveys of migrating humpback whales in 2018 and 2019 from Cape Vidal, South Africa were compared to 1988-2002 surveys to assess any changes in the population, and understand if these migrations have been affected by changing climatic conditions. Whale groups were tracked (daily from two 60m high platforms) by position-fixing on surfacing bouts using survey theodolites, to determine swimming speeds and headings and distance offshore and group size estimation was carried out at each theodolite measurement. Numbers of whales observed or projected (at tracked speeds) to cross the midline of the survey area within the observation period each day were tallied in each of three distance bins. Mark recapture-based estimates of missed groups were carried out by using two independent survey platforms. Counts were adjusted to account for daily sighting effort and for proportions that were as a function of their distance offshore or poor sighting conditions to produce daily sighting rates that were aggregated across the season. Preliminary results from the 2018 and 2019 surveys (indicated a continued increase trend, although at a slightly lower rate than previous surveys, suggesting that this population could be reaching ecological carry capacity.

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Vuyiseka Nkqenkqa ABSTRACT ID: 31 Submitted: 9 Dec 2020


ORAL PRESENTATION

CLONING AND EXPRESSION OF VIGNA SUBTERRANEA GERMACRENE D SYNTHASE IN ESCHERICHIA COLI

Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L) Verdc.) is an important leguminous African crop due to its nutritional benefits and high tolerance to drought stress. This crop species has high food and medicinal value but is underutilised by indigenous communities and research industries. The medicinal value is due to a wide range of secondary metabolites, including sesquiterpenoids such as germacrene D, a molecule with antimicrobial and insecticidal properties. In this investigation, germacrene D synthase-specific primers were designed based on the V. subterranea draft genome available at http://gigadb.org/dataset/101055. Total RNA was isolated from leaves of V. subterranea and used as template in a RT-PCR reaction with the germacrene D synthase specific primers. The amplicon was cloned into the Xho I cloning site of the expression vector pET31b+, thus adding an upstream ketosteroid isomerase gene and downstream hexahistidine tag, which facilitate overexpression in bacteria and purification of the protein. The construct was used to transform BL21 (DE3) bacterial host cell line, which has an IPTG inducible T7 RNA polymerase gene. Protein purification and activity data will be presented. This system could provide a cheaper way of producing high amounts of germacrene D.

KEYWORDS Vigna subterranea, germacrene D, cloning, expression

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Liam Ferguson ABSTRACT ID: 69 Submitted: 9 Dec 2020


ORAL PRESENTATION

MICROPLASTIC CONCENTRATIONS AT A ROCKY SHORE IN FALSE BAY, SOUTH AFRICA

Microplastic (MP) contamination is an ever-growing threat to the natural environment, but little research has been done on the dynamics of MPs within rocky shores. Aided by the long lifespan, MPs are resuspended within rocky shores due to their buoyant nature and are biologically available to marine organisms for a longer period. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in MP concentrations between different feeding strategies on a rocky shore. Sampling was done in February 2020 at Simon’s Town Marina, Cape Town. Water, sediment and biota (filter feeders, grazers and scavengers/predators) were sampled at low tide and analysed based on MP type, colour and size. Higher concentrations of MPs were found in sediment than in water samples. Higher concentrations of MPs were found in filter-feeders than grazers and scavengers/predators, as the filter feeders are non-selective feeders and feed on suspended MP particles in the water column. The findings suggest that filter feeders are more likely to take up microplastic than grazers and scavengers/predators and provides motivation for further research to be done on monitoring of MPs in order to assess the trophic transfer of MPs in rocky shores.

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Kudzai Mugejo ABSTRACT ID: 72 Submitted: 9 Dec 2020


ORAL PRESENTATION

INFRASTRUCTURE PERFORMANCE AND IRRIGATION WATER GOVERNANCE IN GENADENDAL, WESTERN CAPE, SOUTH AFRICA

Genadendal is a small historical town situated in the Theewaterskloof Municipality within the Overberg District, in the Western Cape, South Africa. Water resources in and around the town were identified as a critical concern requiring urgent attention as a result of the recent 2015-2018 drought. The town is a product of historical imbalances in terms of access to resources, including agriculture water. There is a decline in agricultural production in the town and surrounding areas due to water challenges despite its historical background as a self-sufficient agricultural community in terms of local food production. Previous studies focused mainly on climate change adaptation and coping strategies for smallholder farmers without necessarily looking at the performance of water access mechanisms and the underlying water governance issues. Water access for irrigation was recommended as one of the most important adaptation strategies during drought periods. This study is assessing the performance of water infrastructure and water governance systems as well as determining the availability of water from the current water sources. Focus group discussions, key informant interviews, semi-structured and structured questionnaires, and field measurements are the methods being used to collect primary data. Preliminary results indicate that the failures of irrigation schemes are mainly due to inadequate institutional and organisational arrangements. Interviews with both farmers and institutions are continuing. Recommendations will be established on how the water security status of smallholder farmers can be improved to enhance local agricultural production.

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Uchenna Ogemdi Okwuosa ABSTRACT ID: 95 Submitted: 10 Dec 2020


ORAL PRESENTATION

EFFECTS OF JET VANE THRUST VECTORING SYSTEM ON THE LIFT ATTITUDE AND POWER USAGE OF A RPAS

Long endurance is highly desired of every aircraft including CPUT-AMTL Guardian II UAV if it must accomplish its mission and return to base safely. To achieve this, different flight parameters (take-off distance, rate of climb, thrust and speed, etc.) plays a role hence they must be optimized. This research work presents effects of thrust vectoring on the rate of climb and the power usage of guardian II UAV to increase its endurance. A computational analysis of a thrust vectoring control system designed with Solidworks and analyzed with ANSYS FLUENT 2019R to solve the Navier-Stokes turbulence equation. Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation, finite volume method (FVM) was applied to discretize the flow regime to obtain the flow parameters. At the range of propeller speeds (2500 to 4000 rpm), Flaps angle (0, 5, 10 and 15o) and vane deflection angles (0 to 5o) analyzed, the result showed a reduction in both the rate of climb as well as the power usage. At a stable speed of 3000 and 4000 rpm, 3o vane deflection and 10o flaps angle, 30.84% and 30.86% reduction in rate of climb was obtained respectively. 85.40% and 85.53% power reduction were obtained at 3500 and 4000 rpm, 5o flaps angle and 4 and 5o vane deflection angles respectively.

KEYWORDS Rate of climb (ROC), Power, Thrust vectoring system, Jet Vane, CFD, RANS, RPAS

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Ashton Busani Mpofu ABSTRACT ID: 103 Submitted: 10 Dec 2020


ORAL PRESENTATION

ANAEROBIC TREATMENT OF TANNERY EFFLUENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF A CIRCULAR BIOECONOMY FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

The current economy of tanneries in developing countries is mainly linear and waste management is characterised by high disposal costs. The anaerobic digestion (AD) process presents an attractive and cheaper option for the treatment of tannery effluents (TE) while recovering reusable, recyclable and value-added products. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of recovering methane (CH4), sulfur, and reusable water during the AD of TE using the biochemical methane potential protocol. Methodology Co-digestion of high and low COD bovine TE (HCOD-BOTE and LCOD-BOTE), followed the central composite design while varying inoculum to substrate ratio (ISR) and substrate to substrate ratio (vol). Results and discussion Reactors performance improved with increasing %HCOD-BOTE and ≤3. At ISR>3 process efficiency decreased significantly at all %HCOD-BOTE. This strongly suggested that HCOD-BOTE characteristics were more suitable for AD than LCOD-BOTE. It was apparent that a fraction of the S2- formed from sulfidogenesis was oxidised into elemental sulfur (S0) and a white layer was formed at the interface of the bulk liquid and head space. Conclusion The AD of 100%HCOD-BOTE at ISR=2.5 for 20 days was optimal for recovering 262 mℓCH4/gVS, S0, irrigation water and biosolids.

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Ayodeji Owojuyigbe, Melius WeidemanWARC, FID, CPUT | WARC, FID, CPUT

ABSTRACT ID: 84 Submitted: 10 Dec 2020

TOPIC: THE DIGITAL SOCIETY

ORAL PRESENTATION

ACADEMIC INTEGRITY IN SOUTH AFRICAN HIGH SCHOOLS: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Academic integrity refers to the originality of work produced by students while claiming that it is their own work. This integrity could be negatively affected by issues such as cheating, plagiarism, assessment authenticity, academic dishonesty, unethical behaviour, examination malpractices and corruption, amongst others.

During a pilot study, a review of the relevant literature identified a gap concerning academic integrity at the high school level of education in South Africa, while there are ongoing debates on academic integrity at colleges and universities in the country.

In practice, many cases of plagiarism (whether it was intended or not) have been found at university, especially at the post-graduate level.

However, there exists little information about the use of similarity checking software to ensure academic integrity in South African high schools. This study explore the available literature to determine the status of academic integrity at South African high schools, with specific reference to the use of similarity checking software.

A systematic literature review will be done to gather data from various academic sources in a well-defined approach. The findings of selected publications will be put through a qualitative data analysis tool (ATLAS-ti) to determine the salient themes of academic integrity. Possible findings include that the establishment of academic integrity at high schools include an awareness among the teachers and students before they can be admitted to tertiary institutions.

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Randy Kabala ABSTRACT ID: 104 Submitted: 10 Dec 2020

TOPIC: SMART ENERGY

ORAL PRESENTATION

AFRICAN SUSTAINABLE ENERGY MICROGRID DEVELOPMENT WITH SOLAR PV AND ENERGY STORAGE

Lack of electrical energy has for a long time been a major problem in human society. In sub- Saharan Africa, the problem is even more severe with almost half of the population lacking access to modern energy. Although the majority of the population without energy access reside in remote areas and are not covered by the existing central networks, several studies have revealed that the extension of those networks to remote areas is deemed not viable owing to the high cost and complexity involved. To solve the problem, the focus has been turned to the use of isolated systems such as microgrids with renewable energy sources. Such systems have been considered as a suitable solution because they can be integrated exactly where they are going to operate, with lesser cost and using locally available resources. DRC (Democratic Republic of Congo) is one of the countries with the lowest electricity access in the Sub-Saharan Africa region. However, like many countries in the region, it has abundant solar resources which also makes it suitable for the integration of such systems. This research project aims at developing an isolated microgrid with solar PV to provide electricity access to remote communities. It is worth noting that renewable energy resources vary with weather and seasons, so to account for any intermittency, the system constitutes an energy storage system in a form of a micro-hydro or battery. The system model will be simulated and analyzed using HOMER Pro software which will evaluate its techno-economic feasibility.

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Bokang Seitlheko, Dr L Mwansa ABSTRACT ID: 78 Submitted: 10 Dec 2020


ORAL PRESENTATION

AGILE: INVESTIGATING SMART PRODUCT BACKLOG GROOMING FOR COMPLEX DECISION SUPPORT

We live in a centric world of technology where innovative ideas are gaining recognition and numerous business processes are modelled to support complex decision making. The 4th industrial revolution (4IR) has promised to bring about the deployment of smart agents in the software development industries to alleviate the development cost, deployment time and time to market while increasing the customer business value and antifragility. This reality exposes human’s roles on the verge of agent-based technology. Despite this, agent-based technology (ABT) exhibits the qualities that can be distilled and utilised to model the dynamics of the environment they perceive smartly. There is a variety of literature that engages in employing agents in modelling scrum artefacts, product backlog (PB), and sprint backlog (SB). However, little information is available about the modelling of product backlog grooming processes. Therefore, this paper engages in investigating features that contribute to a good product backlog (PB) such that it can be modelled using ABT. This will be achieved through rigorous grooming product backlog, with the help of artificial intelligence (AI), for better decision making so that it supports Product Owners (PO) during sprint 0 and release planning in Agile software development methodologies.

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Aslam Levy Western Cape Government and CPUT



ORAL PRESENTATION

AN ASSESSMENT OF GOVERNMENT FUNDED INTERNET PROVISION IN RELATION TO DIGITAL USE OF A SELECTED COMMUNITY IN THE WESTERN CAPE, SOUTH AFRICA

The digital divide limits citizen participation in the digital economy. Economically inactive citizens have fewer means to lift themselves out of poverty and be active in society. Inequalities within society can lead to societal afflictions, dysfunction and place democracies at risk. Government programmes to decrease digital inequality have been proposed as solutions to this problem, as there is an expectation on the State to reduce the negative impacts of poverty, inequality and unemployment.

This study investigates the theory by Christian Fuchs that “digital literacy programs; public and free access to computers and technologies “are a potential solution to digital inequality. Specifically, the study will test for a relationship between the number of Government-funded Internet access centres and the number of citizens using the computers provided.

To test the null hypothesis, my research applied numerical data analysis to nine years of data that contained figures of the available internet centres and citizen usage. The study used regression analysis to explore the effects of public sector investment in creating and increasing the number of free internet centres over the period. The research found a significant correlation between the availability of centres and the amount of citizen usage sessions.

The results suggest that an increase in free internet access has a positive effect on the number of citizens using digital technology. The researcher asks questions about the financial sustainability of increasing the number of Government-funded Internet access centres, and the impact of decreasing the availability of these facilities. There’s a need for more granular user data to determine how Government can make its continued support more effective with a set number of centres.

KEYWORDS Digital Divide, Digital Access, Digital Literacy, Digital inequality

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Brian Malakhiwe Ntlangula, Melius Weideman Faculty of Business and Management Sciences



ORAL PRESENTATION

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WEBSITE USABILITY AND WEB ANALYTICS

Information Technology (IT) and the internet have affected business operations in a major way in the past two decades. The internet specifically has affected the way business is conducted. Companies are making large investments applications. IT is being seen as the driving force behind globalisation and has become a key component of many corporations’ global business strategy.

Usability has become a buzzword in the online community during the past few years. The initial purpose of implementing usability was to ensure that websites are easy to use and will enable users to access information and execute transactions without any difficulties. Research has shown that usability is a critical factor for the success of any website. Websites should be designed to support customers to complete their online transactions efficiently, effectively and satisfactorily.

Website analytics provide an easy way to track user actions on a website, including measures such as the time spent on a given web page, the bounce rate, and the origin of the website visitor.

If any website is not easy to use, the owners will lose income from potential sales as customers prefer to use those websites which do make online purchasing easy, efficient and safe. The quality of a website is related to its usability, and usability plays a major role in the success of e-commerce.

This study seeks to determine whether there is any link between the usability of a website, and what the website analytics indicate in terms of user behaviour.

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Clement MatasaneElectrical Engineering; Centre for Distributed Power and Electronic Systems (CDPES)



ORAL PRESENTATION

ASSESSMENT OF WIND ENERGY POTENTIALS FOR RURAL ENERGY DEPLOYMENT IN THE VHEMBE DISTRICT, LIMPOPO PROVINCE

The wind resource assessment is a big challenge throughout the globe and researchers continue to exploit its potentials as an energy resource and usage. In deploying wind power systems, one must consider the location and its potentials for the application. That is, referring to the household, water use, irrigation and micro/ small-scale projects that would benefit the community and their needs. In obtaining the potential location for the wind energy supply, one must consider the environment and land use for the suitability in order to find its optimal location due to its altitude and topology. This contributes to the main project on renewable energy assessment (solar, wind, hydro and biomass) for its potentials at micro/ small scale in the Vhembe District Municipality aiming at assessing the wind energy potentials with the data collected for annual characterization in the area. In addition, to study, assess, analyze and determine the wind speed data measurement and its potential in the area. It focused on the allowable 10 meters height for the normal wind farm systems, data assessment, capacity, annual power and energy outputs. The wind characteristics and data measurements were obtained through the Geographical Information System (GIS) Mapping and Meteorological Data Source in the nine installed weather stations from January to December 2018 including daily, monthly, seasonal and annual variations during the measurements and recordings. These measurements have been obtained through the average wind speed measurements and its power density that helped in evaluating the potential wind energy power within the specified location.

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Carike Kriel ABSTRACT ID: 6 Submitted: 27 Nov 2020

TOPIC: HUMAN, HEALTH AND SOCIAL DYNAMICS

ORAL PRESENTATION

CODES OF ETHICS AND CODES OF CONDUCT: THE CASE OF TEACHING PRACTICE AT SOUTH AFRICAN UNIVERSITIES

Codes of ethics and codes of conduct are used inform and regulate ethical decision makingand behavior. The establishment of codes of ethics and codes of conduct has become anincreasing concern in undergraduate teaching practice. Moreover, South African universities seem to be lagging behind in recent research. It is unclear what codes universities have available to protect themselves and their preservice teachers during teaching practice. Through an applied ethics lens, this research aimed to determine what specific ethical codes and protocols South African universities implement for teaching practice. Checklists were used to perform critical content analysis to determine the frequency of existing online ethical policies of South African universities. The frequency table in the analysis revealed that only three South African universities have ethical codes specifically enacted for teaching practice, but the majority use codes of ethics and conduct written for the broader university context. This is a grave concern, due to the special nature of ethical dilemmas related to undergraduate teaching practice,. Secondly, through an analysis of the content of existing ethical codes, it was found that the elements inherent in these codes vary across universities. Discontinuity between the ethical codes of various universities leads to concerns about the implementation of ethical codes during teaching practice, as preservice teachers from various universities perform teaching practice at the same schools. A lack of ethical codes poses potential risks for various role players in teaching practice. These concerns include, but are not limited to, unethical relationships between pre-service teachers and staff members, unfair treatment of learners and teaching incorrect information due to lack of competence.

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Nabeela Gamiet, Dr Mariska Lilly, Prof Stefan Abel



ORAL PRESENTATION

THE IN VITRO MODULATION OF INTESTINAL GROWTH AND INFLAMMATORY INDICES BY FUMONISIN B1 AND HYDROLYSED FUMONISIN B1 (HFB1)

Environmental enteropathy (EE) is a subclinical condition, and causes the disruption of the epithelial barrier, increasing the permeability within the small intestine, as well as inflammation of the cell infiltrate. Mycotoxins, such as fumonisins are secondary metabolites that are produced by various fungal species of which, Fumonisin B1 (FB1), the most abundant, is known to disrupt membrane integrity and function. FB1 can be converted to hydrolysed fumonisin B1 (HFB1) by a microbial carboxylesterase. In the current study, the modulating effect of FB1 and HFB1 on the growth and immune indices of the intestinal porcine enterocyte (IPEC-J2) cell line are being investigated. The cell survival indices for individual treatments: cell viability, apoptosis, and cell proliferation were measured. Inflammatory responses were monitored by immune-detection of interleukin 8 (IL-8), while tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 6 will be determined through qPCR. It was found that HFB1 decreased cell viability and cell proliferation at concentrations above 250 µM in a dose dependent manner after 24 hours of exposure, stimulating apoptosis. However, no IL-8 was detected at these concentrations. Lower concentrations of HFB1 and all FB1 concentrations showed no effect on cell viability, producing a slight elevation of IL-8 and caspase-3 activity. A decrease in cell proliferation of FB1 concentrations were observed. The interactive responses of FB1 and HFB1 will also be assessed in a co-exposure model. Research experiments will contribute to an understanding of the underlying mechanism involved in the disruption of gut health by the fumonisins, subsequently likely affecting nutrients absorbance function.

23


Siphelele Nkohli ABSTRACT ID: 55 Submitted: 10 Dec 2020

TOPIC: SMART ENERGY

ORAL PRESENTATION

DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF A SOFT SWITCHING BIDIRECTIONAL DC-DC CONVERTER FOR A BATTERY STORAGE SYSTEMS

As we face load shedding the demand for energy is increasing. Renewable energies have now added to the demands. Because of weather conditions, renewable energies are not efficient, for example, if you are using a solar system it needs sunlight to generate energy. To overcome these factors, a bidirectional buck-boost dc-dc converter should be connected between source, load and an energy storage device, however, dc-dc bidirectional buck - boost converters are not suitable for step - up or step down applications due to high switching losses. This study proposes a method to overcome the high switching losses to make the converter more efficient with less electrical noise, with fast dynamic response time and low cost.

24


Lutho Mkosana, Dr Ali M A Almaktoof, Dr Marco Adonis



ORAL PRESENTATION

IMPLEMENTATION OF ISO 50001:2018 ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN STEELWORK MANUFACTURING

The thesis presents the importance of implementing the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 50001 standard into an organization for the application of steel manufacturing. The aim is to get all start up industries in steel manufacturing and even existing ones, to get on board with the idea of regular simplified energy audits for effective cost savings and reduction of consumption. The anticipated findings are to establish the changes from the ISO 50001:2011 to the ISO 50001:2018 and the challenges that arise during the implementation process of the standard.

The thesis will propose a method that will show how the energy audit is undertaken through a scenario system framework and case study approach. The proposed method will be a guideline for organizations; showing them an effective way of implementing the ISO 50001:2018 standard since theaim is for it to be a study guide that will provide awareness for the improvement ofenergy management within organizations. The thesis will also look at the feasibility of using renewable energy like Photovoltaic systems (PV) as one solution to lower the energy bill. The research data and information that will bring awareness of the ISO 50001 standard will be gathered from the reviewed literature injournals and the websites of steel manufacturing companies that are ISO certified. The information will help develop an algorithm that can be used to conduct energy audits in a much easier way, for companies on the path to being certified.

Use of the method proposed, in either commercial or industrial organizations, will eventually lower their greenhouse gas emission while obtaining the same or better production results. The presented method in this research for energy management systems uses the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) sequence of operation (Prashar, 2017).

KEYWORDS Energy Audit, energy management system, ISO 50001:2011 & ISO 50001:2018, Renewable energy, manufacturing, PDCA cycle.

25


Oluwamayowa Ogundaini,Mourine Achieng Cape Peninsula University of Technology



ORAL PRESENTATION

INTEGRATION OF HEALTHCARE INFORMATION SYSTEMS AT POINTS-OFCARETO ENHANCE SERVICE DELIVERY IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS: A CRITICAL REALIST PERSPECTIVE

The complexity of healthcare service delivery makes it challenging to integrate technologiesto enable the work activities of healthcare professionals. Scholarly articles show that integration of technologies has resulted in poorly coordinated services as a result of fragmented systems and different pilot projects. Therefore, the objective of this study is to explain why integration of existing health information systems do not adequately facilitate healthcare work activities.

To address this objective, a critical realist perspective within a qualitative approach was adopted. A total of 38 participants were purposively sampled because of their profession and knowledge about healthcare service delivery. Interviews and co-design activities were used to engage participants from selected public hospitals in Western and Eastern Cape Provinces of South Africa.

The study applied Activity Analysis and Development model to identify and analyse the mediators (contradictions) that enable or inhibit healthcare service delivery. The study draws on normalisation process theory to gain insight into the extent of technology integration within a healthcare context. All ethical clearance requirements were satisfied.

Thematic analysis was used to make sense of the data in relation to the study objective. The findings highlight generative mechanisms such as a lack of system fit for the work activities of healthcare professionals and contradicting interplay between human agency and technology performativity. The study contributes to application of critical realism to identify the correlation between causal mechanisms that enable or inhibit technology integration towards enhancing service delivery in public hospital settings.

26


Nobandla Malawu Postgraduate student at CPUT

ABSTRACT ID: 4 Submitted: 26 Nov 2020


ORAL PRESENTATION

INVESTIGATING THE ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS OF STUDENTS AT A TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING COLLEGE

The current entrepreneurship Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) curriculum does not appear to be adequately suited for developing the entrepreneurial knowledge, skills, values and attitudes in students that is needed for meaningful change. This study therefore aims to ascertain lecturers’ current pedagogical approaches for addressing the current TVET curriculum’s inadequacies with regard to entrepreneurship. The qualitative study informed by an interpretive paradigm uses a case study research design to gain concrete, contextual, in-depth knowledge about the social phenomenon investigated. Primary data will be collected using semi-structured online interviews with five purposively selected lecturers and twenty students. The Theory of Planned Behaviour will be used to guide, frame and theoretically explain the study’s outcomes. The researcher believes that this study can assist in identifying obstacles that contribute to low entrepreneurial intentions of students and bring them to the fore, in an attempt to find ways that could help inspire future entrepreneurs. Furthermore, it is hoped that the results of this study could assist entrepreneurial educators, curriculum developers, academics and government institutions in finding practical and innovative ways to nurture entrepreneurship intentions at TVET colleges and in the community.

KEYWORDS Entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial intentions, entrepreneurship knowledgepedagogical approaches, TVET

27


Conrad SparksCape Peninsula University of Technology



ORAL PRESENTATION

MICROPLASTICS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA: A SYNOPSIS OF RESEARCH AT CPUT

Plastics production is increasing globally and with this comes challenges regarding plastic litter. Due to poor waste management practices, plastic litter is ever increasing in the environment. The degradation of plastics results in the formation of smaller plastics, referred to as microplastics (smaller than 5 mm). These types of plastics and the production of microplastics (eg microbeads and nurdles) are becoming more prevalent in the coastal and marine environment and potentially pose a threat to the health of organisms and ecosystems, as well as to human health. The presentation will show the results of micropalstics research conducted by CPUT staff, post graduates, BTech/Adv Diploma and Diploma students, as well the envisaged future of this field of research at CPUT.

28


Qaqamba TshanganaStudent/Researcher


TOPIC: SMART ENERGY

ORAL PRESENTATION

OPPORTUNITIES FOR BROAD-BASED ECONOMIC PARTICIPATION IN THEWESTERN CAPE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY

A known phenomenon has been observed within the industry where large petroleum companies are hesitant to conduct business with qualifying small enterprise (QSE) and exempted micro enterprise (EME) suppliers that is in some instances due to capacity issuesfaced by smaller suppliers (and other material constraints). This makes it difficult for smaller players to get that much-needed foothold/support to get them started.

BBBEE and other transformational legislation has had numerous challenges in terms of fostering/creating tangible opportunities for black entrepreneurs to enter the petroleum industry.

This study investigates South Africa’s economic transformation policy in the context of creating Broad-Based economic opportunities/participation within the Western Cape retail oil and gas sector. To achieve this, it is important to undergo a case study of a prominent company within the industry and gauge the effectiveness of broader policy in creating thoseopportunities, how it influences their internal transformational strategy and giving recommendations where opportunities for improvement may arise.

This study will rely on the qualitative research approach. The qualitative data collected through question guides will be analysed thematically.

This research uses criterion sampling, and respondents are interviewed by means of a questionnaire.

The research will assist policymakers and professionals in the transformation/procurement space by providing recommendations to improve/promote broad-based opportunities within the industry.

There is potential to add value to the discussion around transformation and how businessesin the industry can gear their BBBEE/transformation strategies and utilise their existing resources, knowledge, and expertise to better achieve the aim of increasing opportunities.

29


Derek BallantyneCape Peninsula University of Technology



ORAL PRESENTATION

PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR USE OF AN INTELLIGENT TUTORING SYSTEM FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY

Language proficiency of university students is a contentious issue in South Africa because many students are not studying in their home language and are required to be academicallyproficient in a language that is not their own. This takes on an extra dimension for preserviceteachers studying to become English home language teachers.

The idea of an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS), that can be used in education as a digital tutor to mimic human tutors, has existed for decades. This might be an answer to the increasing student numbers, and decreasing budgets, and a way to support ‘at-risk’ students. The study examined an ITS incorporated into an English language module in a B.Ed degree as an English language proficiency tool. The perceptions of its use by pre-service teachers were viewed through the lens of Engeström’s second-generation Activity Theory (CHAT). A mixed-methods approach was implemented to analyse the relationships between the CHATnodes, to explore the interrelationships between the nodes, and to understand how the tensions and contradictions that existed in the Activity System were perceived by the [email protected] teachers.

The findings of the study showed that the participants’ perceptions of the ITS, when introduced into an Activity System, were positive. This was despite the participants stronglyfavouring face-to-face learning and experiencing tensions related to digital literacy. The overall perception was that the ITS , as a tool , was particularly good and effective for improving language proficiency, but that the ITS fell short in effectively mimicking a human tutor.

KEYWORDS ITS, English teachers, language proficiency tool, teaching English

30


Craig GlatthaarCape Peninsula University of Technology & Nottingham Trent University



ORAL PRESENTATION

REDUCING HUMAN-WILDLIFE CONFLICT IN SOUTH AFRICA: THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF LIVESTOCK GUARDIAN DOGS IN CARNIVORE CONSERVATION

Human wildlife conflict (HWC) in the form of livestock farmers and predator conflict is a growing challenge in South Africa. A variety of methods are available to livestock farmers toreduce livestock predation, ranging from lethal to non-lethal means. Where lethal predator control is now considered unacceptable in many places, the relevance of livestock guardiandogs (LGDs) as a perceived non-lethal method of managing predator and livestock conflict,has gained interest and is seen as an important conservation tool. LGDs have been shownto be an effective, and perceived non-lethal, form of reducing livestock predation, however not all landholders use LGDs. The human dimensions and psychological drivers behind conservation strategies, such as LGD use versus non-use, are an understudied research area with regards to HWC. With a mixed method approach, in a primarily quantitative surveystudy, I establish the psychological drivers behind farmers and their LGD use or non-use, using two models. The first model being a wildlife value orientation (WVO) model, examinesthe role predator tolerance plays in LGD use. The second model, utilising the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), examines the role a person’s attitude, social pressures and perceived control over their own behaviour has, in affecting their decision for LGD use. Preliminary findings indicate that farmers with high mutualistic WVOs are in favour of LGD use versus farmers with more utilitarian WVOs. TPB analysis is still ongoing. Understanding these stakeholders and the motivating factors behind their decision to use, or not use, LGDs as a mitigation method for the prevention of livestock depredation, is the crux of this study. The opportunity to expand LGD programmes across Africa is great and is a motivating factor for further study.

31


Gareth Holtman, Dr Pamela Welz, Prof Rainer HaldenwangCPUT, Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute (AMHBI) | CPUT, Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute (AMHBI) | CPUT, Civil Engineering



ORAL PRESENTATION

SAND BASED SYSTEM FOR PHYSIOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF WINERY WASTEWATER

BackgroundOver a billion litres of winery wastewater a year is generated from South Africa wineries, which often requires treatment prior to disposal. The preferred treatment method is settling ditches and/or holding dams with pH adjustment and disposal by means of irrigation to pastures. However, this can result in adverse environmental impacts.

MethodsA pilot scale study was performed to assess the validity of BSF (Biological sand filter) systems for treating real winery wastewater. The vertical flow BSF system that was designed can easily be retrofitted to existing infrastructure, and in this case was connected to a wastewater settling tank at a local winery. A modular approach was adopted, allowing the addition of filters in order to increase treatment capacity and/or retention time and/or rest filter modules.

ResultsThe system operated with an average organic influent of 3231 mgCOD/L (range: 172-5990 mgCOD/L). and achieved a 68% (19-96%) reduction in COD (Chemical oxygen demand) (final effluent 1169 mgCOD/L). There was a reduction in volatile organic acids (VOA) from 1136 mgVOA/L to 594 mgVOA/L. The pH of the wastewater was effectively neutralised from an influent range of 4.2-8.3 to an effluent range of 6.5-7.9. The alkalinity increased from 9.6 to 22.7 mmol/L of HCO3- which followed previous trends of increased sodium adsorption ratio as reduced risk high salinity effluent.

ConclusionThe pilot BSF system has proven to be a viable treatment option for small wineries due to its low cost, low maintenance and running fees, and ability to readily adjust to changing influents.

32


Simon NsengimanaStudent



ORAL PRESENTATION

THE IMPORTANCE OF ICT IN WOMEN-OWNED BUSINESSES IN KIGALI, RWANDA

Entrepreneurship is the most effective means for jobs creation and socio-economic development in developed and developing economies. However, patriarchy and stereotypes are some obstacles that prevent women from conducting their businesses in Kigali, Rwanda. Instead, most women in Kigali are subdued to housekeeping. Hence, women are underrepresented in entrepreneurship. Women represent 33% of formal businesses in Rwanda, and their businesses are small compared to those of men. The adoption of ICT may be a solution to constraints they face in business and increase their business performance. This research seeks to explore how leveraging ICT can improve the performance of women’s businesses in Kigali.

The quantitative design guides this study to collect cross-sectional survey data from 409 purposively selected women-owned SMEs in Kigali, and the data was analysed using SPSS.

The results indicate that the use of cellphone, online access, ICT skills, capital, entrepreneurship skills, and stakeholders support are the critical elements for business performance.

Most studies have focused on Western nations and male enterprises. The few conducted in developing countries such as Rwanda suggest a continued need to uncover the necessity for ICT in women-owned businesses in this and other developing nations.

This research implies that the effective implementation of the model developed can help entrepreneurs to boost their business performance. This also could serve as a reference and didactic material in business education and training.

This study was limited to women-owned SMEs in Kigali. A future study could look at how the adoption of ICT into women’s SMEs in a rural area could add value to their crops and improve their productivity.

KEYWORDS ICT, ICT adoption, women entrepreneur, SMEs, Kigali

33


Oiva Viety Kamati, Prof Jeanine Marnewick, Prof Davies Simeon, Dr Dirk Bester and Dr Sacha West

ABSTRACT ID: 13 Submitted: 7 Dec

2020


ORAL PRESENTATION

EFFECT OF DIETARY ROOIBOS ON EXERCISE-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS, PERFORMANCE AND RECOVERY

Background: Excessive production and/or accumulation of reactive species during exercisecauses oxidative stress. This may lead to damage of biomolecules or poor exercise performance and recovery. Recent studies have shown that the use of polyphenolic-rich compounds in Rooibos could be beneficial during exercise.

Aims: To assess the protective and modulatory effects of a Rooibos beverage against exercise-induced oxidative lipid and protein damage, total antioxidant capacity, redox statusand exercise performance and recovery.

Design: A randomised, single-blinded placebo-controlled crossover study (one-week apart). Forty healthy adult males consumed a standardised breakfast and 375 ml of either the Rooibos or placebo beverages, followed by a modified sub-maximal test and then by repeated sprints on a Wattbike.

Methods: Blood samples were collected at five-time points (0 hr, 90 minutes after breakfast, immediately after exercise, 1 hr and 24 hr post-exercise) and analysed for markers of lipid peroxidation (TBARS and CDs), protein oxidation (protein carbonyl), total antioxidant capacity (TPC, FRAP and TEAC) and redox status (GSH, GSSG and GSH:GSSG).

Results: Preliminary results indicated Rooibos causes increases in plasma total polyphenolcontent (TPC), reduced lipid and protein damage and increased (p<0.05) blood glutathione(GSH) levels 24 hr post-exercise. Furthermore, rooibos modulated the participants’ susceptibility to fatigue, enabling sustained/higher power outputs.

Conclusions and recommendation: Rooibos appears to be as an affordable dietary option to alleviate exercise-induced stress. Further analysis of data is in progress for meaningful conclusions. Future work will focus on metabolomics and genomic analyses.

KEYWORDS Exercise, biomolecules, rooibos, antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress

34


Henry Esau ABSTRACT ID: 43 Submitted: 10 Dec 2020


ORAL PRESENTATION

THE ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN YOUTH DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF A MUSIC SCHOOL IN THE CITY OF TSHWANE, SOUTH AFRICA

Much has been said of how the South African township youth suffer from the socio-economic ills of poverty, crime and unemployment. Although several studies have documented the impact of Social Entrepreneurship on community development, relatively few studies have investigated the role of Social Entrepreneurship on Youth Development in South African townships.

Hence, this study investigates the influence that the Tshwane School of Music (a social enterprise) has on youth development in Eersterust

Using a conceptual framework, the study interrogates existing literature on aspects of social entrepreneurship, youth development and scaling of SE’s. Both Positivism and Interpretivist philosophies are employed in this single case study.

The study will utilise a mixed-method approach. A total of 260 randomly selected past and present students of TSOM will complete semi-structured questionnaires while 10 current youth workers at TSOM will be interviewed using semi-structured interviews. The quantitative data (questionnaires) will be analysed using the latest version of the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). The qualitative data (interviews) will be analysed using a thematic approach. This allows the researcher to move back and forth through the data, as themes emerge. All respondents are protected from harm or abuse, by obtaining individual consent as well as permission from the Cape Peninsula University of Technology’s Ethics Committee.

The research findings could assist in the scaling of TSOM’s model of social entrepreneurship besides contributing to the body of knowledge. Furthermore, recommendations will be made.

35


Fahiem SampsonMelius Weidman WARC, FID, CPUT | WARC, FID, CPUT



ORAL PRESENTATION

EVALUATING THE USABILITY OF CROSS-PLATFORM AND NATIVE MOBILE APPLICATIONS

The fragmentation of mobile operating systems has resulted in the proliferation of “write once deploy anywhere” mobile application development frameworks. These tools, known as cross-platform frameworks, allow for software developers to use a single code base that generates multi-platform applications for both the Android and iOS mobile platforms - currently the most common mobile operating systems in use. This single code base enables mobile developers to produce applications at a much higher rate, resulting in major development cost savings.

However, current knowledge suggests that these cross-platform applications are less intuitive than applications built using its native development framework.

This study will attempt to establish how the design difference affects the overall usability of a cross-platform application, as compared to the same application developed in its native framework. A usability testing session will be conducted with a group of 15 participants who all have at least some knowledge of working with smartphones. Each participant will be requested to complete several tasks on two similar mobile applications, one created with a cross-platform development framework and the other with a native development framework. The participants will be requested to record their experience after completing each task.

The expected results are that users would generally experience no significant difference in the overall usability between native and cross platform applications. If that is the case, this research would then suggest that cross-platform mobile frameworks are heading in the right direction in that it allows for rapid application development while at the same time satisfying the needs of the users of these applications.

36


Motshwanedi Sharon Master’s student



ORAL PRESENTATION

EVALUATION MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF THE FRICTION STIR PROCESSED FSWED AA1050-AA8011 DISSIMILAR JOINTS

Welding is an essential joining process in many industries. It is used worldwide across various sectors such as infrastructure, automotive industry, manufacturing, professional education and training, agricultural assets etc. In 1991, a new welding technique called friction stir welding was invented and experimentally proven at the welding institute by Wayne Thomas. Friction stir welding was evolved to overcome difficulties faced by the traditional welding techniques that include defects like cracks, porosity and shrinkage caused by poor solidification.

Two dissimilar aluminum plates of AA1050 and AA8011 with 6mm thickness, 460 length and 55mmm width was utilized. The AA8011 was kept on the advancing side while the AA1050 was kept on the retreating side. All six plates were friction stir welded using the milling machine. The plates were then subjected to friction stir processing. FSW and FSP were both performed at the rotational speed of 1200 rpm, traverse speed of 40 min/min and tilt angle of 2° using a rectangular threaded tool made of high-speed steel with a shoulder of 20 mm, threaded pin of 7mm and 5,8 mm length.

The tests conducted included microstructure, hardness, tensile and fracture surface morphology. The tensile test results showed an improvement of 57.8 MPa to 78.94 MPa, while the percentage elongation showed a notable increase from 17 % to 78.94 %. The microhardness of the stir zone also showed an improvement from a maximum of 30 HV to38.5 HV.

37


Luthando Ncele CPUT - DEECE



ORAL PRESENTATION

EXPLORING INTERFERENCE EFFECTS IN NANOSATELLITE COMMUNICATION CHANNELS

A Nanosatellite is a small satellite with a mass range of 1-10kg in a small satellite class. It isunder Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite category, with less energy to place them into orbit and operate at L-band and S-band. Their relative low cost makes them to become more and more popular space platform. However, Interference can cause the problem of unwanted signals (noise), distortion that limits the performance of the satellite communication link. Unreliability of data or signal can be due to interference, also the degrading of the quality ofreceived due to interference. Therefore, there is a need to minimize the effect of interference because Nanosatellite are currently being used for scientific, health and marine data where accurate data are be critical.

In our work, we will be exploring interference effects in Nanosatellite Communication Channels in CubeSat constellation design by use of Systems Tool Kit (STK) communicationcomponents to simulate and analyze. The aim will be to identify harmful interference, identify ways to minimize them and bring out any new regularities useful to deal with interference effects in communication channels in CubeSat constellation.

This work will be in line with part of design and development efforts by F’SATI at CPUT. We expect that the results of this research work will contribute and help identify types of interference within Nanosatellite communication channels and highlight effects of the interferences within the communication channels during transmission.

38


Sanda, Z. | Weideman, M. FID, CPUT | WARC, FID, CPUT



ORAL PRESENTATION

FINDING COMMON TRENDS IN HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING SYSTEM SECURITY BREACHES

The remarkable growth of cyber-connectivity and remotely delivered services has resulted in cybersecurity taking priority among other challenges. According to a leading author, High Performance Computing (HPC) facilities are subject to the same styles of security attacks as other computers, as they have an active internet connection and run in the same way as any other computer. It is also claimed that traditional security solutions do not perform well with HPC systems as they can affect the performance negatively.

Recent cyber-attacks have taking advantage of security weaknesses in hardware designs. Security through system hardware helps protect against vulnerabilities exploited from the software level. Writing better applications in an attempt to try to fix hardware-based security flaws is not actually addressing the underlying architecture flaws. Past security approaches of “just enough security” on computer systems, have shown various security gaps because the hardware was optimised for speed and never for security.

It has been claimed that hardware that is not trustworthy represents a disastrous loss of security. It is required that firmware security systems provide protection, detection, and restoration during runtime.

This study was based on a qualitative research method, using a questionnaire as the primary instrument for data collection. Early findings seem to indicate that both privilege escalation and DoS attacks have proven to be more common in targeting and breaching HPC systems. The study concludes that to sufficiently support diverse users, new security methodologies specific to the HPC environment are required.

39


Joel S Biyoghe ABSTRACT ID: 65 Submitted: 10 Dec 2020


ORAL PRESENTATION

FAIRNESS MAXIMIZATION DESIGN OF NOMA-BASED INTEGRATED SATELLITE-TERRESTRIAL NETWORK FOR 5G

The 5G networks standards set the requirement for enhanced mobile communication networks performances in all aspects, compared to 4G networks, including massive connectivity, ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability (high system’s user-fairness and seamlessness) for all users, as well as ubiquity. Novel mobile networks technologies such as NOMA, BF, MIMO and the satellite-terrestrial network integration, have been identified as potential key enablers of 5G networks; and their successful utilization to provide mobile networks that meet the 5G standards, remains a technological challenge in the field of mobile telecommunication. To attempt to address this challenge, some existing researches have designed integrated satellite-terrestrial cognitive-radio networks (ISTCRNs) while using NOMA and BF technologies, for 5G applications. However, most of these works focused mainly on maximizing the network’s capacity, without considering the network’s user-fairness aspect; therefore, neglecting a critical 5G networks requirement. This study therefore, seeks to fill this gap, by investigating the design of an ISTCRN for 5G, employing NOMA and BF technologies, with the aim of maximising the system’s user-fairness while maintaining high system capacity. To achieve this goal, the following steps are proposed: provide an accurate model of the physical system; develop a user-clustering algorithm for both satellite and terrestrial users; design a combined power allocation (PA) algorithm for both terrestrial and satellite networks, which maximizes the system’s user-fairness; design a precoding algorithm for both terrestrial and satellite networks, which increases the system’s total capacity.

KEYWORDS Beamforming, NOMA, Power-allocation, precoding, satellite-terrestrial networks, system-capacity, user-clustering, user-fairness, 5G

40


M N Lunamba Student


TOPIC: SMART ENERGY

ORAL PRESENTATION

OCEANS ENERGY FOR SOUTH AFRICA COASTLINE

In this time, several research projects were carried out on the use of alternative renewable resources following numerous problems related to theuse of fossil fuel as an energy supplier. There are a range of different procedures which can be used, and the ocean has been established as a possible source for such renewable energy. A number of technoques were therefore established and used to extract energy from the sea in a realistic, functional manner while other techniques are still in various stages of growth. The report describes these potential sources of ocean energy, dealing explicitly with only those inside and above the water column. The propogation of water waves across a hollow circular cylinders at an infinite depth of the ocean is taken into account in the linear waterwave theory. The entire fluid domain is divided into two regions: inner and outer. Ocean energy represents an immense but largely untapped energy source, which is why efforts have been made to explore energy extraction potential from South Africa’s coastline. Significant progress on the contact front of surface waves with floating structures has been made recently. A lot was done in the study and modelling of waves, tides and current wind energy converters for ocean energy use.

41


Hans-Randy Masamba Melius Weidman WARC, FID, CPUT | WARC, FID, CPUT



ORAL PRESENTATION

LINK BETWEEN USABILITY AND VISIBILITY OF AFRICAN UNIVERSITY WEBSITES

The purpose of this research is to analyse the correlation between the degree of usability and the visibility rankings of a sample of websites of African universities.

Firstly, all African universities meeting the set criteria will be identified. A mixed method approach will be used to achieve the main goal. The qualitative part of the research will provide the researcher with the end-user’s evaluation of the usability of websites through a usability testing session, while the quantitative approach will help the researcher to rank the websites in terms of their visibility.

It is expected that some of the most common usability problems found in previous related studies will be found in this research. These include navigation and readability problems, plus problems with the logic flow of processes. The same is true for visibility. Previous studies have shown that university websites are notoriously badly designed in terms of visibility. Finally, the research is expected to confirm whether there is a relationship between the usability and visibility of the selected websites.

The research work will help African universities identify areas where usability is not adequate, and to improve and boost their web visibility score. It is expected to enable universities to develop more user-friendly web pages which are more effectively indexed by search engines.

The research will contribute to the literature on usability and visibility of websites. It appears to be the first study attempting to measure the visibility and usability levels of African university websites.

42


Chelsey Matthys CPUT and SANBI



ORAL PRESENTATION

LISTING INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES: WHERE HAVE THEY GONE?

It is important to put lists and inventories of invasive alien species together in order to have an accurate account of how many alien species are present in a country. It is useful to know their status of invasion and to collect their location data so that management efforts can be implemented accordingly. In South Africa, considerable effort has been made to improve the accuracy of alien plant lists and inventories. Lists of alien species should ideally be based on field observations with a physical specimen that is curated in a collection and whose identity has been confirmed both morphologically and through molecular methods. However, this is often not achieved, and there are numerous errors in such lists. Such errors can inflate species numbers, create confusion, and lead to wasted management effort. This study aims to address this issue by creating a framework to guide the process of listing an alien species as present or absent within a country. The framework that will be designed is intended to be followed by any entity tasked with responding to a concern raised about the presence or absence of an alien species within a country. The framework will be applied to two case study species, namely Calluna vulgaris and Euphorbia esula, that are listed under the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act (Act No. 10 of 2004): Alien and Invasive Species Regulations as alien plants and have been reported as present in the country but their presence has not been formally recorded and confirmed.

43


Anthony IleCape Peninsula University of Technology



ORAL PRESENTATION

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SELF-SUSTAINED CAVITATION POCKET FORSUCTION-END OF A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

The unsteady partial cavitation is mainly formed by an attached cavity which present periodic oscillations. In a certain condition, flow instabilities are characterized by the formation of vapor clouds convected at the suction-end of a centrifugal pump generating the cavity and collapsing in higher pressure region. These two main mechanisms that have been identified for the break-off cycles are developed by the re-entrant jet liquid and is the most common type of instability occurring in the pump. But in this paper the role of pressure waves created by the vapor cloud collapses has been given attention. This paper presents one-fluid compressible simulations of a self-sustained oscillating cavitation pocket developing along a suction-end geometry of the centrifugal pump. The mass transfer between phases is driven by a void ratio transport equation model. And the numerical simulations are carried out using a finite-volume code solving the one-fluid compressible Reynolds average Navier-Stokes (RANS) system.

The pump impeller blade is characterized by a divergence angle of 8 degrees and the impeller-channels is used to fix the separation point of the cavitation cavity. The geometry of the impeller blades is 6 to allow various measurement such as local void ratio, longitudinalvelocity and the wall pressure distribution at the shroud. The velocity is evaluated as the most probable value and the void ratio is obtained from the signal of the double optical probe using a post-processing algorithm. The relative uncertainty on the void ratio measurement was estimated at roughly 14 percent. The unsteady computations were performed using both sinusoidal law and stiffened gas equation of state.

44


Siyasanga Mula, Andile Thole and Dr Buntu Godongwana Department of Chemical Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town



ORAL PRESENTATION

OPERATION AND OPTIMIZATION ELECTRO-COAGULATION PROCESS FOR GREYWATER TREATMENT USING MULTIPLE ELECTRODES

The rise in water demands and frequent droughts requires proactive ways we think about water use and re-use. It is becoming increasingly important to develop efficient and safe wastewater treatment technologies that driven by onsite treatment. Electrocoagulation (EC) is one of the most promising methods since it is a simple design and operates with short treatment times and low production of sludge and is cleaner compared to traditional biological processes.

In this research, the electrocoagulation system (EC) was investigated using stainless steel (SS) and aluminum anode in a reactor to treat grey wastewater under different operating conditions such as initial pH (3.5–8.5), Applied voltage (10–15 V), Volume (800-2000ml) and mixing speed (0-1000rpm). The study investigates the impact of system variables on responses such as total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, color and pH out.

The results were analyzed using design of expert which is Pareto analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimum operating conditions were found to be initial pH of 5.75, applied voltage (10V), Volume (1400), electrode type(iron) and mixing speed of 250rpm. These results suggested that the EC method can be scaled-up at a large scale to treat grey wastewater with high TSS, pH out, turbidity, and color removal efficiency.

45


Keán A Thompson,Dr Liana Van Der Westhuizen,Prof Jeanine L Marnewick Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville Campus



ORAL PRESENTATION

REDOX AND IRON STATUS OF BLOOD DONORS IN WORCESTER, WESTERN CAPE

Regular blood donors have increased risk of iron deficiency, impacting on donor iron- and redox status. Redox status is defined as the balance between oxidants and antioxidants in biological systems. An understanding of redox status is important since elevated oxidants to antioxidants levels causes oxidative distress, potentially damaging cell DNA, proteins and lipids. Blood donor health can be revealed in redox and iron status and may influence on quality of donated blood. Redox and iron status will be determined and correlated with ABO blood groups, frequency of donations in association with lifestyle factors. Blood samples, anthropometry data, questionnaires on lifestyle factors (diet, exercise, alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking) and donation frequency will be collected from 115 donors in Worcester. The redox status of the donor blood will be determined by measuring total polyphenols, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), the ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione (important endogenous antioxidant) and oxidative damage status by measuring 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (indicative of DNA damage), protein carbonyls (for protein damage) as well as malondialdehyde and conjugate dienes (indicative of oxidative lipid damage). Iron status will be determined by measuring serum iron, ferritin and transferrin levels. Ethical approval has been applied for and awaiting outcome. No study has been identified that reports on the redox and iron status of blood donors in the Western Cape, South Africa. Outcomes may lead to updated criteria for blood donor eligibility ensuring quality of blood units with improved recipient morbidity and or mortality.

46


Moteane Melamu Department of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology


TOPIC: SMART ENERGY

ORAL PRESENTATION

SIMULATION OF HYBRID PV SYSTEM AND MICRO-HYDROPOWER WITH BATTERY STORAGE USING MATLAB/SIMULINK

Hybrid systems are gathering momentum especially in remote areas that are inaccessible to the grid. The exponential growth of microgrids leads to more distributed generators due to the volatility of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar. Renewable energy sources have been getting attention so to curb greenhouse emissions and improve energy security due to energy shortage. This can be achieved through microgrids which are made up of renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, and micro-conventional generation sources. This paper proposes an energy management system that coordinates the power exchange between power sources. The system is made up of Solar and Micro hydropower (MHP) with a Lithium-ion battery which is a good solution for rural electrification to alleviate poverty by promoting socio-economic development. The model that is implemented on Matlab/Simulink environment is based on a 180kW load based on a rural area load. The PV irradiance fluctuation is mimicked so that the battery supplies power to the system and absorb if there is access. MHP using the Pelton wheel turbine with a hydraulic head of 45 m to produce 95kW that employs a synchronous generator with an excitation system and Solar PV to produce 100kW with a DC-DC boost converter and voltage source converter together with filters in a power generation. The Lithium-ion battery of 50kW is connected to the DC bus through a buck-boost bidirectional converter.

47


Leroy FordChemistry Student



ORAL PRESENTATION

SORPTION MECHANISMS OF CADMIUM (CD2+) ONTO SPENT COFFEE GROUNDS

In recent years there have been an exponential increase in publications on alternative usage for spent coffee grounds. This study looked at using spent coffee for the adsorption of Cadmium.

Batch kinetic and equilibrium experiments were conducted to study the effects of pH, contact time, sorbent dosage, initial concentration, and temperature on sorption of Cd2+ ions on spent coffee granules. The spent coffee was stripped of its remaining oils using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) prior to adsorption. pH studies indicated a maximum sorption at pH 6, hence all following parameters were investigated at the optimum pH of 6. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to analyse equilibrium data. Experiments were conducted in duplicates or repeated at different conditions to verify the repeatability of the results.

Equilibrium data best fit the Langmuir isotherm with R2= 0.9888 using 0.1 g sorbent with 10 ppm initial metal ion concentration, a maximum sorption capacity of 5,5 mg/g was obtained. Thermodynamic studies indicated the reaction to be exothermic (ΔH° = -31.54 kJ), spontaneous (ΔG°= -66.43 kJ/mol) over all temperatures investigated and ΔS°= 107.51 J/mol-1.K-1. Equilibrium was reached in less than 60 mins and the sorption kinetic data best fitted second-order kinetics (R2= 0.9771).

It was concluded that SCG can be used to effectively remove heavy metals from water and that the reaction occurs via chemisorption as indicted by the sorption kinetic data best fitting pseudo-second-order kinetics.

48


Elizabet Dimitrova Cape Peninsula University of Technology



ORAL PRESENTATION

SPATIAL RESILIENCE OF CENTRAL KAROO REGION, WESTERN CAPE,SOUTH AFRICA

Since the concept of resilience entered the urban planning realm, there have been international efforts, to incorporate it into forward planning. In South Africa, resilience has largely been focused on water resilience and climate change adaptation. The Spatial Planning and Land Use Management Act 16 of 2013 made a specific reference to spatial resilience, which is listed as one of the five core principles of planning, intended to guide land-use and forward planning. Although literature points to the importance of incorporating spatial resilience in forward planning, the definition of spatial resilience, while present in legislation, remains poorly unpacked. This is the case, especially in the context of rural regions, which are home to about 45% of the population and encompasses very different developmental conditions and problems than urban areas.

The research focuses on the incorporation of spatial resilience into spatial development frameworks in rural regions of South Africa. The main questions seek clarity on the level of incorporation of spatial resilience into the said plans; and the factors influencing spatial resilience in forward planning in rural regions. The case study method is used, the Central Karoo region was selected as the study area and the key components analysed are the region’s spatial development frameworks. The research included content analysis of documents and interviews with professionals in the field of land-use and forward planning. The outcome of the research aims to, at least in part, contribute towards the development of a guideline on spatial resilience for rural regions in South Africa.

49


Forchu Melo, Prof Ephias Ruhode, Prof Monwabisi Ralarala CPUT | CPUT | UWC



ORAL PRESENTATION

THE DESIGN OF A MACHINE TRANSPRETING SYSTEM FOR POLICE INVESTIGATIVE INTERVIEWING IN SOUTH AFRICA

The South African constitution guarantees freedom of expression in any one of her eleven official languages. Paradoxically, the language of the judiciary is English, thus the need for translation from other languages to English. Sworn statements has greater authority and official status over complainants’/suspects/witnesses’ narratives when evidence is heard in the court of law.

The process of constructing a sworn statement by police officers involve translation and interpretation3 of complainant’s oral narrative. This often result in contestable version of events. Inaccuracies in sworn statements always certainly result in serious and far-reaching implications (Ralarala, 2016). This study aims to propose a Natural Language Processing (NLP) artifact, an alternative model of record construct, that shall attempt to answer the primary transpreting (translation & interpretation) question within the police investigative interviewing environment. Some of the objectives include looking at the design considerations that go into the development of the purported Natural Language Processing artifact.

Design Science Research methodology will be deployed in the actualization of this study. The seven steps involved in DSR as stipulated by inter alia Hevner et al. (2004) and Peffer et al.(2008) will be deployed. These steps include amongst others problem identification, Concept design, design and development, evaluation. The utility and efficacy of the purported design artifact shall be demonstrated by means of rigorous evaluation methods. The evaluation shall include contextual simulation by relevant research participants whereby the transpreting process shall be replicated using automated tools as well as the deployment of automatic evaluation metrics including a possible post edit.

50


Rushdi Ariefdien Cape Peninsula University of Technology



ORAL PRESENTATION

THE IMPACTS OF CAPE TOWN STORM-WATER OUTLETS AND MARINE SEWAGE OUTFALL ON MICROPLASTIC DISTRIBUTION AND COASTAL BIODIVERSITY

An estimate of 4.8–12.7 million tons of plastic waste is released into the sea from coastal areas annually and as a result of poor waste management. One of the major concerns around marine environments are microplastics (MPs). The City of Cape Town is a large coastal city with 4.5 million inhabitants, covering 307 km of coastline that is highly ecologically diverse and productive. Coastal ecosystems are therefore prone to be impacted by storm-water outlets and marine sewage outfalls. Studies has shown that storm-water runoff has a high input of MPs depending on the season and due to runoff being untreated. Like storm-water outlets, marine sewage outfalls are also identified as a source of MPs into the marine environment, even though it is partially treated. The aim of this study is to identify and characterize the distribution of MPs around storm-water outlets and marine sewage outfalls in Cape Town. The project is currently on its first phase of sampling whereby MPs will be analyzed in water, sediment and marine invertebrates (from three different types of feeding groups). The project will undergo two sampling cycles, during the dry summer period and wet winter period. The project will be able to assess whether or not waste management needs improvement and will form a baseline data set regarding MPs at storm-water outlets and marine sewage.

51


51

POSTER PRESENTATIONS

52


Sibongiseni Rejoice Mlotshwa Department of Information Technology, CPUT



POSTER PRESENTATION

A FRAMEWORK FOR HEALTH DATA CURATION AND EXPLAINABLE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN RESOURCE- LIMITED SETTINGS

Health data curation entails the acquisition and integration of data sources to engender data quality to enable the application of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) in healthcare. XAI focuses on generating trustworthy results from AI systems, a fundamental requirement for the application of AI systems in healthcare and medicine. The emergence of pandemics like COVID-19 has revealed the enormous capabilities of AI to support pandemic recovery efforts. AI has capability to support disease surveillance, patient treatment, pandemic case management, patient triage, drug discovery, contact tracing and more. However, several limitations exist that make these AI-based operations difficult to realise in resource-limited settings which are characterised by inadequate human and infrastructural resources and poverty. It makes healthcare unaffordable for many persons. A major challenge is the scarcity of usable data for AI purposes. With South Africa’s death rate currently at over 19 000, and positive cases identified so far over 718 000; the battle against COVID-19 is far from over, and there is need to prepare for future pandemics. The proposed study endeavours to develop a framework for curation of health data to enable the application of explainable AI for the purpose of combating pandemic situations such as COVID-19 in resource-limited settings. A stakeholder-centric approach will be adopted to identify the challenges and factors that hinder the availability of quality data for AI purposes in resource-limited settings and Design Science Research (DSR) strategy engaged to develop a framework for curation of health data that will support explainable AI in resource- limited settings.

53


Ryno Nienaber ABSTRACT ID: 53 Submitted: 10 Dec 2020


POSTER PRESENTATION

A HIGHLY EFFICIENT CLASS-F POWER AMPLIFIER FOR NANOSATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS

A transmitter, within a nanosatellite, requires a power amplifier (PA) which is located in the final stage of the transmitter, to amplify the information-bearing signal to a suitable level for transmission. This amplification stage requires a significant amount of power to achieve the required signal power level. Fundamentally a PA is a DC to radio frequency (RF) power converter and this conversion causes a significant loss of DC power which is dissipated within the amplifier.

The network connected between the drain and the load of a Class-F PA must exhibit multifunctional properties to extract maximum performance from an active device. This research presents the design of a Class-F PA where a multifunctional WHIP network is implemented to achieve maximum power efficiency using the Cree Wolfspeed CGH40010F GaN HEMT. The WHIP network is used to terminate the drain of the GaN HEMT with the required load impedances at the fundamental 2nd and 3rd harmonic frequencies. The operation of the PA is verified using ADS simulations and validated by measurements of a constructed prototype. The PA delivers a maximum PE of 82 %, a maximum PAE of 72 % and a maximum output power of 40.06 dBm at 2.1 GHz.

54


Ridaa Manuel ABSTRACT ID: 27 Submitted: 9 Dec 2020


POSTER PRESENTATION

DEVELOPMENT OF AN OFF-GRID SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM TO HELP SOLVE THE ENERGY ACCESS PROBLEM IN AFRICA

This paper explains the development of an off-grid solar water heating system. The system is developed with the end goal of solving the energy access problem in Africa. The system is made of low-cost materials and uses low-cost technology as this is the model for Africa. The system makes use of the thermosyphon effect to heat a raised container of water. The thermosyphon effect allows the water to flow from the container into a solar-heated panel, and due to the temperature gradient, the warm water flows back into the container. No pumps and therefore no electricity is used. The tank is raised to create a pressure head to supply the loads in the villages of Africa.

55


Ridaa Manuel Student



POSTER PRESENTATION

SOLVING THE ENERGY ACCESS PROBLEM IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA (SSA) THROUGH THE DEPLOYMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

The following paper explores the energy access problem in the rural areas of SSA and explores the renewable energy resources that can help solve this problem. It then takes a closer look at the use of biofuel generation in solving the energy access problem. It also explains the technology and applications that can be developed and introduced to access these resources and ranks them based on suitability for SSA.

INDEX TERMS bioenergy, biofuels, rural areas, solar energy, wind energy.

56


Cedric Franck Nzeki Tadonkeng Student



POSTER PRESENTATION

EFFECT OF INOCULUM TO SUBSTRATE RATIO (ISR) AND SULFATE CONCENTRATIONS ON BIOCHEMICAL METHANE POTENTIAL OF TANNERY EFFLUENT

Developing countries are more vulnerable to the impacts of environmental pollution and global climate change. Delaying the intervention could exacerbate the effects and increase welfare losses. Therefore, implementing effective and inclusive adaptation methods should be seen as a collective effort. Currently, South Africa faces two major challenges. (i) the energy security and the (ii) the environmental pollution particularly the one caused by waste plastic. This work even though at first aims at addressing the energy crisis problem, it also on the second plan tackles environmental pollution particularly the one caused by waste plastic. Waste plastic can be treated and used as a source of energy generation either in the liquid form as fuels or the gas form as hydrogen and syngas. In this work, a modelling and simulation was performed to optimized the production of syngas from waste plastic gasification. A model was simulated on Aspen Plus and the Kinetic free equilibrium model is the model approach that was used to investigate the optimization of waste plastic gasification. From this study, it resulted that the temperature at which the Syngas production is optimum appears to range between 750 – 800 OC. At that interval, the model reveals syngas content of 39% Hydrogen, 32% Carbon Monoxide, 17% Carbon Dioxide, and 10% Methane.

57


Victoria Kibangou Student



POSTER PRESENTATION

EFFECT OF INOCULUM TO SUBSTRATE RATIO (ISR) AND SULFATE CONCENTRATIONS ON BIOCHEMICAL METHANE POTENTIAL OF TANNERY EFFLUENT

Tannery wastewater poses severe environmental threats due to its characteristically high organic load and metal content. The remediation of this waste stream is often problematic. In this study, BMP tests were conducted to investigate the effect of inoculum to substrate ratio (ISR) and sulfate (SO4

2-) concentrations on CH4 generation and biodegradability of tannery effluent. Six batches of ostrich tannery wastewater were collected primary physiochemical treatment. The batches were blended in equal volumes and used as the substrate, while a culture from an active anaerobic reactor served as the inoculum. Thirteen 2 L reactors were set up at different ISRs (2, 2.5, 3, 4 and 5) and different SO42-

concentrations (665-2000 mg/l) and incubated at 37°C until end of biogas production. Based on response surface methodology (RSM), the optimum operating conditions for maximal CH4 and biodegradability were found to be 983.687 and 3.687 for concentration and ISR respectively. Results showed that minimal CH4 (<1 mLCH4/ g Volatile solid) was produced at high SO42- concentration ≥1960 mg/L and ISR <3.0, suggesting that pre-treatment is required at high SO4

2- concentration. Results from this study provide practical guidance on the inoculum to tannery effluent ratio that can lead to an optimal methanogenic yield. They also reveal that at low to average concentrations expected from the studied tannery, good digestion of effluent is possible, while pre-treatment to reduce SO4

2- before digestion is recommended at higher SO42- concentrations.

58


Shandukani Sulphy Mmbooi Student



POSTER PRESENTATION

MODELLING OF A TRANSMISSION LINE CONDUCTOR-DAMPER SYSTEM SUBJECTED TO WIND-INDUCED VIBRATION

For few decades efficient electrical power distribution has become of a paramount importance due to industrialisation and the growth of the world population. One of the very capital factor of this distribution, involves transmission line conductors, which are usually affected by wind. This study investigates vibration on a single conductor of a Tern and Bersfort of length of 84.6m with and without a Stockbridge damper. Analyses are conducted on free and forced vibration. A mathematical model is developed and executed using the ANSYS package for vibration analysis. To validate the model, experiments are conducted, and results presented. Results include self-damping coefficient, natural frequency, resonance frequency and conductors response. It is found that the response of the Bersfort conductor has more self-damping than Tern and that the conductor increases monotonically until its highest vibration amplitude and then decreases monotonically with increasing vibration frequency. It is also found that if an asymmetric Stockbridge damper is attached at a location affected by the maximum wind speed, the conductor decreases monotonically with increasing vibration frequency. The best data is accumulated from a sensor positioned at a 1/3rd of the span length. Results are useful in designing of transmission lines since it allows designers and engineers to predict the levels of Aeolian vibration on conductors. Keywords: Modelling, Transmission line, Stockbridge damper, Natural frequency, Self-damping coefficient, Resonance frequency, Aeolian vibration.

59


Penelope Suke Student



POSTER PRESENTATION

MODELLING AND DESIGN ISSUES OF MODEL PREDICTIVE CURRENT CONTROL OF A VOLTAGE SOURCE CONVERTER

This research will implement a Model Predictive Current Control (MPCC) scheme to monitor the output current for a three-phase, two-level VSC. A Finite State-Model Predictive Current Control (FS-MPCC) method will be presented for a three-phase, two-level VSC. Finite State Model Predictive Current Control (FS-MPCC) proved to be a viable control method for power converters. One of several key benefits is the ability to monitor a number of system parameters with a single control rule by combining the system parameters with correct weighting factors. Even so, these coefficients are calculated empirically at the current state of art. No analytical or numerical approach has ever been developed to get an optimal solution. Furthermore, the empirical method is not often concise and no processes have already been identified. The whole research will present a method to a set of instructions that reduces the unpredictability of this process. Firstly, FS-MPCC will be introduced to decrease the computation effort for Model Predictive Current Control (MPCC) as well as to forecast future load current value for all eight possible switching states generated by the converter. Secondly, a classification of various forms of cost functions and weighting factors will be introduced. The various phases of the empiric process will then be described. Lastly, the performance assessment of the FS-MPCC for three-phase, two-level voltage source converters will be reviewed in terms of power quality, dynamic performance and tracking behavior. Modelling and simulation will be performed using the programs MATLAB / Simulink, and PSIM.

60


Cowie Swartz Cape Peninsula University of Technology



POSTER PRESENTATION

APPLICATION OF ACTINOBACTERIAL MULTICOPPER OXIDASES IN THE FUNCTIONALISATION OF VANCOMYCIN

Currently, antibiotic resistant bacteria pose a serious threat to human health globally. The need to combat the rise in antimicrobial resistance in bacteria is not satisfied by the amount of new antimicrobial compounds. Vancomycin is often used as the antibiotic of last resort, but there is an increased incidence in pathogens exhibiting resistance to vancomycin. Recent studies on bacterial multicopper oxidases (MCOs) have shown their potential application in the production of novel bioactive compounds. These enzymes in particular can be used to functionalise existing bioactive compounds such as vancomycin in order to broaden or enhance their activities. This study therefore focuses on the MCOs produced by six actinobacterial strains isolated from diverse environments. The genomes of all six strains were sequenced and the genes encoding for the MCOs identified and cloned into an expression host. An analysis of the gene sequences showed that a marine strain, 30-1, and a soil isolate, strain M26, both produce an ancient lineage of two-domain MCOs (archaeal 2dMCO), while four other strains produce small laccases (2dMCOs). In addition, three of the strains, CZH20, HMC10 and BSII#1, also produce three-domain MCOs, highlighting the diversity of MCOs produced by actinobacteria. Future studies will be focused on the overexpression of the enzymes under optimal conditions, thereby allowing for their application in the functionalisation of the antibiotic, vancomycin. Products will be analysed for improved bioactivity against vancomycin-resistant bacteria.

61


Ngonidzashe Gwata Student



POSTER PRESENTATION

SECURITY ANALYSIS AND ADVANCEMENT IN ZIGBEE COMMUNICATIONS

Zigbee is one of the wireless network technologies which are widely used from the low power environment. Secure communication is vital for wireless technologies. As devices implemented with Zigbee protocol gain popularity in home automation, industrial and medical fields, it is crucial to insure that the protocol is secure, especially when devices have access to highly personalized and sensitive data. Studies have indicated that systems using Zigbee-based protocol have been found to be insecure. Solutions provided by previous research are either not foolproof or makes the protocol less light weight which will lead to additional costs. Therefor an increase in cost contradicts the idea of Zigbee standard, which was created for low per-unit cost, low complexity and low power consumption. The purpose of this research is to investigate Zigbee standards to identify security issues, determine how they can be exploited, and provide solution as to how the system’s security can be strengthened. An assessment of the Zigbee specifications will be undertaken, system simulation will be performed to gain a deep understanding on the security architecture and mechanism of the protocol and also to determine how the proposed security enhancement will affect the overall performance of the network. Lastly, laboratory experiments with physical devices will be carried out and results will be documented. The outcome will be a light weight Zigbee security solution, suitable for slower and resource constrained hardware which will result in a more secure Internet of Things and wireless sensor network.

62


Mlondolozi Limaphi Student



POSTER PRESENTATION

INTEGRATED ENERGY STORAGE-WIND ENERGY CONVERSION FOR THE MITIGATION OF POWER QUALITY PROBLEMS

This research narrates a study into the power quality of wind turbines and the effects they could have on distribution networks. The key emphasis is on flicker and voltage fluctuations as grid connected wind turbines could have enormous effect on them, particularly when they are connected to weak distribution networks. Wind power fluctuations have negative effects on quality of supply, such as local voltage and system frequency. Wind power fluctuations are reduced by integrating energy storage system (ESS) in a wind farm. This application is practicable with numerous ESS technologies and configurations. Energy storage can be utilized to improve the use of renewable energy. Energy Storage Systems can also be utilized to store extra renewable energy to be utilized at a later chosen stage. The role of Energy Storage System for the wind farm owner would be to make wind farm grid friendly so that it can be controllable like conventional power plants. For the grid operator, the Energy Storage Systems could reduce the unpredictability and ambiguity of the whole grid and not just wind farms particularly. Even though it is impossible to store electricity directly, but it can be converted to other forms of energy that can be stored. The energy stored is only converted back to electricity when needed. From the electrical system stance, the energy storage systems function as loads during storage and act as Electricity sources when converting energy back to the system.

63


Nosipho Gwenteshe Student



POSTER PRESENTATION

ANALYSIS OF SAFETY OFFICER’S CHALLENGES ON THE CONSTRUCTION SITE DURING PRODUCTION PROCESSES IN WESTERN CAPE, SOUTH AFRICA

The study examined the safety officer’s challenges on the construction site in Western Cape Province, South Africa.The Construction industry is the most risky of all industries in terms of safety hazards. This research examines occupational safety challenges on construction sites and discovered construction workers that exposed to different safety hazards and this are attributed to non-compliance with guidelines on sites, the lack of skills, effective communication skills, lack of safety education, poor regular inspections on sites, poor technical skills, the ignorance of regulatory obligation and non-training of workers on safety including no integration of improved methods of safety on construction sites. The Construction industry is the most risky of all industries in terms of safety hazards. Safety is often discussed in management meetings as a priority, while in reality safety takes a low priority to budget and time discussions. An effective safety program may prevent many accidents on construction sites. An emphasis on the Occupational safety level of implementation is highly urged to be implemented non-stop to overcome the challenges faced by safety officers. The study concluded that there is need to review safety practices, legislation, integration and application; and finally the need to make a financial allowance for all residual risk items. Safety should be considered as a prerequisite for productivity and quality. It is recommended that safety officers should give full safety training to all employees; good training of site managers and operatives can lead to improved safety on site.

64


Fradreck Garatsa Student



POSTER PRESENTATION

INSTITUTIONAL AND SPATIAL ECONOMIC FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE LOCATION OF MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN THE VICINITY OF CAPE TOWN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT, SOUTH AFRICA

The research seeks to provide an empirical analysis as to how institutional factors, as well as spatial economic factors, influence the locational choices of manufacturing firms found in the vicinity of the airports. The existing literature relating to airport-centric development is of the view that the spatial economic factors have a greater influence on the locational choices of manufacturing firms found in the immediate vicinity of the airports. In an attempt to address the aim of the study, the objectives of the study are; one, to establish the types of manufacturing firms located on and around Cape Town International Airport (CTIA); two, to analyse the relationship between manufacturing firms and Cape Town International Airport; three, to analyse how the spatial economic factors, influence the location of manufacturing firms around CTIA, four, to ascertain how the existing institutional and policy framework facilitate the location of manufacturing firms in close proximity to CTIA. A mixed-method research methodology will be adopted, in which both qualitative and quantitative research methods will be employed. A singular case study approach was adopted in the selection of the Cape Town International Airport as a study area. A survey will be conducted in data collection from the manufacturing entities found around Cape Town International Airport (CTIA), and secondary data will be gathered from the published documents regarding airport-centric development. The study will contribute to the existing literature regarding locational choices of manufacturing firms found in the immediate vicinity of airports.

65


Ongeziwe Sinazo Wutu Student



POSTER PRESENTATION

BIMETALLIC NANOPARTICLES AS ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS AGAINST MYCOTOXIN CAUSING FUNGI IN MAIZE

Contamination of food by mycotoxins has been shown to be exacerbated in low and medium income countries (Alberts et al., 2019). According to the 2016 agricultural household census (Stats SA, 2018), an estimated 2.3 million households are subsistent farmers, with maize being the main crop and staple food within the country. The incidence of esophageal cancer in the Eastern Cape has been associated with the contamination of maize by mycotoxins, especially fumonisin (Alaouna et al., 2019). In rural communities of the Eastern Cape, analysis of mycotoxin levels on maize is not done resulting in people and animals consuming contaminated maize unknowingly. Recent studies on mycotoxin contaminations have been focusing on quantifying the levels of contaminations and there are only a few studies that are investigating the control measures of the contamination. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of bimetallic Ag/Cu nanoparticles in inhibiting the growth of organisms such as (F. verticillioides, F. graminearum and A. flavus) responsible for mycotoxin production. One of the advantages of using nanoparticles is the increased surface to volume ratio, which makes them highly effective for antifungal activities.

66


Gabriela Ngalo Student


TOPIC: SMART ENERGY

POSTER PRESENTATION

DESIGN OF OFFSHORE WIND FARM GRID CONNECTION THROUGH POINT-TO-POINT VSC-HVDC TRANSMISSION

For years, the penetration of sustainable energy to the grid has been increasing significantly and wind energy has been one of the most exploited resources of renewable energy. The expansion of onshore wind farms is limited due to landscape constraints, which has led to the development of wind farms far from the shore. VSCHVDC technology is currently the most recommended transmission system for the integration of offshore wind generation. However, this interface is only able to operate reliably and successfully at restricted voltage and power levels. The main purpose of this research is to develop a VSC-HVDC transmission system with the ability to function independently and effectively at different levels of voltage and power. A VSCHVDC transmission system with new emerging control strategies as well as additional services will be modelled using MATLAB/SIMULINK software tool. Various system simulations will be conducted under different operating conditions to observe the reliability and efficiency of the improved transmission system at various voltage as well as power levels.

67


Mthomasebe Adonis Student



POSTER PRESENTATION

A PEER TO PEER SYSTEM FOR A NANOSAT CONSTELLATION USING CHORD ALGORITHM

A constellation of low earth orbit nanosatellites is often deployed to achieve what is difficult to do with a single much larger higher orbit satellite. This study looks at this common purpose constellation as a self-organising peer to peer network of equipotent, decentralised and distributed nodes. These nodes being much smaller in size and memory, are unable to individually store all the resources shared on the network. The Chord peer to peer algorithm is presented as a way for each node to keep only its allotted share of resources and thus reducing the memory load of each nanosat. Through consistent hashing of port and IP vs resource name, each resource can be looked up. Resource lookup simulations were done using internet connected MSP-430 wireless sensor nodes from the IoT-Lab platform. Other simulations were done using a developed (platform independent) Java application. It was found that the network can easily scale, without putting strain on the memory of each node, as each node only has to keep log2 n reference to other nodes.

This finding is important because more and more nanosats can be added to the network without needing to update firmware of existing nodes. All that is require for a joining node is for it to be running the Chord application.

68


Whitney Samuels ABSTRACT ID: 83 Submitted: 10 Dec 2020


POSTER PRESENTATION

MICROPLASTIC CONCENTRATIONS IN THE ZANDVLEI CATCHMENT AREA AND ESTUARY, CAPE TOWN

On a global scale, there is an increasing concern about the extent of plastic pollution in coastal areas. Global demand for plastic is increasing annually and was estimated to be 245 million tonnes in 2011 and has subsequently increased to 8.3 billion tonnes in 2020. South Africa has an extensive plastics manufacturing industry, but recycling is restricted and inadequate. A large fraction of plastic waste entering the environment eventually degrades in smaller plastic particles, referred to as microplastic when smaller than 5 mm. The aim of this study is to determine the abundance and characteristics of microplastics in the Zandvlei catchment and vlei area in Cape Town, South Africa. Seasonal sampling will be used to determine the characteristics (type, colour and size) of microplastics in the surface water and sediment. Microplastic polymer type will be verified with a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). This study will provide baseline and quantitative information on microplastics in the catchment and Zandvlei Estuary. It will assess bioavailability of microplastics within the area and contribute to long term monitoring of the estuary and the surrounding areas.

69


Aslam Levy Western Cape Government and CPUT



POSTER PRESENTATION

AN ASSESSMENT OF GOVERNMENT FUNDED INTERNET PROVISION IN RELATION TO DIGITAL USE OF A SELECTED COMMUNITY IN THE WESTERN CAPE, SOUTH AFRICA

The digital divide limits citizen participation in the digital economy. Economically inactive citizens have fewer means to lift themselves out of poverty and be active in society. Inequalities within society can lead to societal afflictions, dysfunction and place democracies at risk. Government programmes to decrease digital inequality have been proposed as solutions to this problem, as there is an expectation on the State to reduce the negative impacts of poverty, inequality and unemployment.

This study investigates the theory by Christian Fuchs that “digital literacy programs; public and free access to computers and technologies “are a potential solution to digital inequality. Specifically, the study will test for a relationship between the number of Government-funded Internet access centres and the number of citizens using the computers provided.

To test the null hypothesis, my research applied numerical data analysis to nine years of data that contained figures of the available internet centres and citizen usage. The study used regression analysis to explore the effects of public sector investment in creating and increasing the number of free internet centres over the period. The research found a significant correlation between the availability of centres and the amount of citizen usage sessions.

The results suggest that an increase in free internet access has a positive effect on the number of citizens using digital technology. The researcher asks questions about the financial sustainability of increasing the number of Government-funded Internet access centres, and the impact of decreasing the availability of these facilities. There’s a need for more granular user data to determine how Government can make its continued support more effective with a set number of centres.

KEYWORDS Digital Divide, Digital Access, Digital Literacy, Digital inequality

70


Tabisa Ncubukezi IT Department, CPUT



POSTER PRESENTATION

AN EXPLORATION OF THE MALWARE IMPACT ON THE END DEVICES

The COVID-19 pandemic introduced the “new normal” and a global crisis that affected social and business activities. Individuals and institutions shifted from physical contact to an online platform to connect with friends and families while doing business activities. The transition increased Internet usage which exposed everyone to a variety of cyber-attacks, including malware attacks. The cyber attackers aim for end devices such as smartphones and computers as the primary targets. This poster describes cyber risks caused by malware attacks with their root causes and events on smartphones and computers. This study adopted the risk management methodology to identify qualitative and quantitative malware threats; assess vulnerabilities; determine the risk; identify ways to reduce malware risks, and prioritize and communicate risk reduction measures. Also, the poster recommends practices to minimize malware risks and prioritize reduction measures. Within the qualitative interpretive research design, the poster used the purposive sampling method to collect the data from thirty research participants. The poster interpreted malware risk causes and impact on end devices to determine the risk probability and category. This poster’s outcome will propose a solution to combat current and emerging malware attacks on end-devices and further improve device hygiene.

KEYWORDS Cybersecurity, cyber attacks, malware attacks, risk cause, risk effect, risk event, risk identification, risk management, risk reduction measures

71


Malwande Sityoshwana ABSTRACT ID: 19 Submitted: 8 Dec 2020


POSTER PRESENTATION

CHARACTERISING A TRANSMISSION LINE CONDUCTORS SUBJECT TO FREE AND FORCED VIBRATION

Aeolian vibration is caused by vortex shedding due to the laminar flow of wind. It has lowamplitude vibrations and is characterised by frequencies of between 3 -and150 Hz. It is the most common kind of vibrations in transmission lines. Since it occurs in the vertical plane, it causes alternating bending stresses which can lead to eventual failure of the conductor cable.

The study was conducted to verify the findings of a 2011 study by Mokeretla, which suggests that the self-damping characteristics of Tern and ACSR Beresford conductors could not be able to suppress Aeolian vibrations. It characterised free and forced vibrationsof Tern and ACSR Beresford conductors. The characterisation was done according to IEEE Standards and general research on line conductors according to CIGRE guidelines. The characterisation experiments were conducted at the University of KwaZulu-Natal’sVibration Research and Testing Centre (VRTC).

The study found that the damping factors for forced and free vibration on the Tern conductor were ≤ 0.02181 and ≤ 0.236, respectively. Also, it found that the damping factors for forced and free vibrations for the ACSR Beresford were ≤ 0.024807 and ≤ 0.232, respectively. These findings suggest that the natural damping of Tern and ACSR Beresford conductors are not sufficient to suppress aeolian vibration. Thus, external damping is required to protect these conductors from the damaging effects of Aeolian vibrations. This finding study collaborates the findings of Mokeretla.

72


Anza Ramatsia Department of Sport Management, CPUT



POSTER PRESENTATION

CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES FACING FEMALE SENIOR MANAGERS IN SELECTED SPORT ORGANISATIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA

BackgroundPrevious studies have explored the challenges experienced by females in differing managerial levels and sectors. However, there remains a gap within this context, namely the need to conduct a focused study on the overwhelmingly male-dominated sport industry in South Africa.

AimsGrounded within the liberal feminist theory, the aim of this study is to critically investigate the challenges facing female senior managers in selected sport organisations in South Africa.

DesignA qualitative research approach was adopted. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted. The participants included female senior managers from selected national sportfederations in Gauteng and the Western Cape Province. An inductive approach to data analysis was applied using Atlas.ti for coding purposes. Ethical consent for this study wasobtained from the Cape Peninsula University of Technology research ethics committee.

ResultsThe data collected suggests that female senior managers in selected sport organisations were often underrepresented in managerial structures, that they lacked a sense of inclusionand belonging, and experienced issues related to sexist attitudes as on-going challenges within an environment that tended to be male-dominated.

Conclusions and recommendationsThe outcome of the findings support the extant sport business literature on gender bias, gendered-roles, the glass ceiling, and work-life balance which females face in corporate organisations. The study intends to benefit individuals and organisations in sport business by integrating relevant feministic agenda to better understand and eliminate the marginalisation and oppression of females through theoretical development and practices.

KEYWORDS Challenges; female senior managers; sport organisations

73


Prime Nkundukize Centre for Distributed Power and Electronic Systems


TOPIC: SMART ENERGY

POSTER PRESENTATION

CONTROLLER FOR A HYBRID SOLAR PV-HYDRO AUTONOMOUS DC MICROGRID

The management of energy between renewable energy sources and load demand has been a non-ending challenge to achieve the accessibility of sustainable energy for energy consumers. This research investigates a control method for an autonomous hybrid DC microgrid powered by Solar PV and pumped hydro as a storage system and its energy management system to achieve a renewable, sustainable, reliable, flexible and accessible source of energy system for a remote community. The control strategy will consist of a Fuzzy controller with a suitable boost converter to ensure proper power flow into the system. A pumped hydro storage (PHS) used will improve the system stability. The load associated with the system consists of essential and non-essential load. A load shedding scheme is part of the system to bring relief to the supply by automatically disconnecting (reconnect) the non-essential load from the grid. A DC-to-DC converter is connecting the solar PV and the rest of the component of the design to improve the quality of power generated. The performance analysis of the research design will take into consideration the intermittent solar characteristic in nature and the flexibility of the load demand under different circumstances and time of the day. Matlab/Simulink software will be used for modelling, simulation, and analysis of the proposed design. The results obtained will be compared with other hybrid system’s results to highlight the feasibility of the method proposed in the research.

KEYWORDS Renewable energy, hybrid system, Microgrid, Photovoltaic, pumped hydroelectric control, inverters, energy storage, Simulink

74


Abdulladhif HusseinCPUT



POSTER PRESENTATION

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS BASED ON BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY

Blockchain technology has recently emerged as a crucial technology in the digital era of the healthcare sector and several research studies have identified blockchain as a potential to solve several problems that are distressing healthcare industry. Healthcare data is fragmented across multiple health providers. This hinders research and patient care services. Besides, approximately half of the clinical trials have never been released and the cost of drug development has risen. This leads to inefficient clinical report delivery. Another issue is gapped communication for collaborative clinical decision making, which partly caused by a lack of interoperability.

Blockchain has the potential to tackle these key challenges by providing a decentralized, trustless protocol that incorporates transparency, immutability and consensus properties to secure healthcare data.

Research into different uses of blockchain in healthcare has gained pace in recent years. This project explores the general EHR data management use case that utilizes blockchain technology. The objective of this project is also to address the interoperability issue in the industry because communication is key in modern healthcare and significant investments in digital healthcare have not met expectation, in part because of the lack of interoperability. Therefore, this project uses two main standards: SNOMED CT which provides the words that computer understands and HL7 provides the structure.

The solution which this project proposes is to design and implement an electronic health record-keeping platform that utilizes blockchain technology. The platform will possibly store and aggregate live-saving data into consolidated distributed EHR nodes, or ledger contracts.

75


Yamkela Nomnganga CPUT



POSTER PRESENTATION

DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND ANALYSIS OF MULTICOMPONENT CRYSTALS OF FUROSEMIDE

Active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) may suffer from sparing solubility, low stability, poor dissolution, and low bioavailability. These drawbacks often lead to therapeutic failure or toxicity of drug products. At least 40% of pharmaceutical drugs were denied regulatory approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) due to sparing solubility and low stability. Furosemide is used in the treatment of edema, hypertension, and sometimes employed in fostering diuresis. In this study, we report on the multi-component crystals (MCCs) of furosemide. Mechanochemical and cocrystallization methods were used to form furosemide MCCs and the obtained crystals were analyzed using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. MCCs of furosemide with different coformers were obtained via slow evaporation, mechanochemical and slurry method. The MCCs exhibited polymorphism, an interesting phenomenon of the crystalline solid-state, with improved physicochemical properties as compared to the pure drug. By comparing the physicochemical properties (solubility, dissolution rate, bioavailability, and etcetera) of the obtained polymorphs with that of pure furosemide, we concluded that the efficacy of the synthesized polymorphs are more stable.

KEYWORDS Bioavailability, Multicomponent crystals, solid-state chemistry

76


Nganyang Paul Bayendang DEng: Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering


TOPIC: SMART ENERGY

POSTER PRESENTATION

DOMESTIC AND COMMERCIAL FUEL CELL/BATTERY/ULTRA-CAPACITOR/ THERMO-ELECTRIC HYBRID POWER ENERGY CONVERSION AND ENERGY STORAGE MANAGEMENT CCHP SYSTEM

South Africa and by extension Africa, have continuous energy and electricity supply crisis, which occasionally deprives users of the fundamental electrical, thermal and light energy; used in most households and businesses. This research aim/objective is therefore to investigate green prospective, alternative and sustainable innovative energy solution(s), by employing the use of fuel cells, Li-ion batteries, ultra-capacitors, power converters/ inverters and thermo-electric hybrid power energy conversion as well as energy storage management renewable energy technologies, to establish a novel energy efficient Combined Cooling, Heating and Power (CCHP) system for domestic and commercial applications. The study began with an extensive literature review of CCHP systems, fuel cells, thermoelectricity, power converters and heat exchangers; to ascertain best practices that can be applied to formulate and develop a smart CCHP system. From the various analyses, it is noted that fuel cells are vulnerable to the intrinsic fuel cells fuel starvation phenomenon; as a result, possible solutions were examined and in addition, thermoelectricity based-on its instituted tri-generation capability, is hypothesized and advanced as a feasible hybrid solution to the fuel cell fuel starvation problem. However, for fuel cells and thermoelectric devices to consistently operate, they need proper heat exchangers, power converters, energy storage and management systems. In light of these, a software-firmware-hardware model methodology is postulated and undergoing research, with the major outcome thus far being a software-defined model using MatLab/Simulink, to demonstrate a unique simulated framework, which can be used as a foundation to determine optimal parameters, devise a firmware and finally physically implement an inventive CCHP system.

KEYWORDS Battery, CCHP System, Energy Conversion, Energy Storage & Management System, Fuel Cell, Hybrid Power, Power Converters, Renewable Energy, Thermoelectricity and Ultra-capacitor

77


Lekhooa Mohobane CPUT



POSTER PRESENTATION

REMOVAL OF NITRATE IN RAW WATER USING A VERTICAL ROUGHING FILTER WITH AN EXTERNAL CARBON SOURCE

High accumulation of nitrate, above the World Health Organization (WHO) and South African National Standard (SANS) drinking water guidelines, has become a common problem in most water supply sources. According to the WHO, about 30% of water supply sources in the world exceed the maximum nitrate contamination level of 11 mg/L-N. Consumption of water with high nitrate concentration poses health hazards to both human beings and livestock. Several technologies such as reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and iron exchange have been adopted in the removal of nitrate in raw water, but have drawbacks that include the production of high strength residual brine and low efficiency. Nonetheless, biological denitrification has proved to be an effective technology for nitrate removal, and the addition of an external carbon source enhanced the process.

Conversely, roughing filters have been used effectively in treating high turbid waters, but have low nitrate removal efficiency. Denitrification in roughing filters has not yet been closely studied, except in bio-filters and slow sand filters. The objective of this research was to investigate the efficacy of roughing filters enhanced by an external carbon source for removing nitrate in raw water. Two up-ward roughing filters in series were used, one with and the other without an external carbon source. The influent and effluent on nitrate and other physicochemical parameters were monitored to evaluate their influence on the roughing filters performance in removing nitrate in raw water. The optimum C/N ratio, design parameters and the effect of biomass on flow rate, were also investigated coupled with a nitrate removal kinetic model.

78


Prosper Kabasele Ngongo EE - Cape Peninsula University of Technology


TOPIC: SMART ENERGY

POSTER PRESENTATION

DESIGN OF 3-PHASE STATIC MODULAR DOUBLECONVERSION LITHIUM-ION-BASED UPS SYSTEM

A current challenge for the business industry is to optimize the functionality of their critical assets. Any facility, whether they be manufacturing or production, healthcare, banking, data/research/shopping centers, rely on a sturdy power supply to increase their operational availability and remain competitive. Increased use of modern electronic equipment, based on their design specifications and the accuracy expected, requires a supply of a high integrity power source to increase their robustness against the damaging effect of power disturbances. Eskom’s network instability, lower energy availability factor, and poor power quality cannot guarantee that. For this, the facility’s distribution reticulation has four online lead-acid-based rotary UPSs (4 x 1100kVA, 600V/600V, 4 x 264 battery cells) commissioned back in 1995 with an autonomy of 15 minutes. This traditional rotary UPS technology, which requires regular costly maintenance, suffers higher fixed and variable losses (pony motor, frictional) characterizing its inefficiency. The system has attained its end of life and spares are unavailable. All 1056 battery cells require biannual maintenance costing R250,000 per annum. Although this is considered a legitimate running cost, it occurs on a capital scale with repetitions of 8-10 years. Given the system’s age and inefficiency, the facility would be served for efficiently and cost-effectiveness by a newer high-performance static lithium-ion-based UPS system. Such a system would comprise 4 x 1100kVA static UPSs using lithium-ion batteries as an energy storage system. Three main stages (Inception of the old system, detailed design and conceptualization of the new system, and comparative summary) will be used to provide a practical, site-specificsolution while reducing life cycle and maintenance costs, optimizing maintenance strategy,and strengthening facility capacity in the energy efficiency and CO2 reduction aligned withSANS/ISO 50001.

79


Lionel Makosso Student



POSTER PRESENTATION

DESIGN OF AN IMPROVED LCL FILTER FOR A GRID CONNECTED PV SYSTEM

Renewable energy systems have been growing significantly, especially photovoltaic cells. The PV system is a technology which can effectively help to overcome several problems in the power supply as this system is based on a conversion of the energy generated by the sun to electricity. The energy produced is clean, reliable and highly efficient. The PV system using an inverter, also called a PV inverter, are electric converters which convert DC current from the PV to AC current that can be used by a local electric network. There are three principal kinds of PV inverter systems: stand-alone , grid tied and battery back-up inverters. Firstly, stand-alone PV systems are autonomous power grids supplied with energy from a photovoltaic generator. Such systems comprise four main components; a power generator, a storage battery, a charge controller and an inverter. Secondly, battery back up inverters are designed to draw energy from a battery, ensure the charging of the battery and export the excess power to the grid. It is noted that harmonics considerably affect the efficiency of the grid connected PV. So in the objective of achieving high network reliability and stability, there is need for a filter between the inverter and the power grid. This will have the ability to decrease the harmonic content at the output current.

80


Ridaa Manuel Master’s Student



POSTER PRESENTATION

DEVELOPMENT OF AN OFF-GRID SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM TO HELP SOLVE THE ENERGY ACCESS PROBLEM IN AFRICA

This paper explains the development of an off-grid solar water heating system. The system is developed with the end goal of solving the energy access problem in Africa. The system is made of low-cost materials and uses low-cost technology as a model for Africa. The system makes use of the thermosyphon effect to heat a raised container of water. The thermosyphon effect allows the water to flow from the container into a solar-heated panel, and due to the temperature gradient, the warm water flows back into the container. No pumps and therefore no electricity is used. The tank is raised to create a pressure head to supply heated water in the villages of Africa.

81


Thabisa Mayile CPUT



POSTER PRESENTATION

MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING DEVELOPMENT IN WIND TURBINE USING MODIFIED PERTURB AND OBSERVE ALGORITHM

Renewable resources are needed to produce electricity because fossil fuels are costly.Perturb and observe method was designed to achieve maximum wind turbine power due to high wind fluctuation. Under rapid wind variations this system does not reach full power when used for large and medium-sized wind turbines. Wind turbine power can be tracked using maximum power point techniques. There are two different types of maximum power point tracking techniques: sensor-less and sensor-based. This research focuses on modified perturb and observe method to monitor maximum power produced in wind turbine. It is sensor-less making it accurate a n d cheap and it does not require memory. This method overcomes the disadvantages of perturb and observe method by setting an initial perturbation value as wind speed changes. To obtain results for this project MATLAB/Simulink and PSIM software will be used to simulate the circuit and these results will be in a form of a graph.

82


Mario Ligwa Student



POSTER PRESENTATION

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF NON-ORTHOGONAL MULTIPLE ACCESS (NOMA) BASED COOPERATIVE COMMUNICATION TO GUARANTEE MULTICAST DATA IN 5G SCENARIOS

The internet and data both became an indispensable part of modem lives. They both received significant attention during the past three decades in the mobile evolution. The exponential increase in data usage and application became the main challenge,and mobile operators are trying to establish a suitable emerging technology to replace the 4th generation network to mitigate current challenges. NOMA is one of the recommended radio access schemes. Cooperative communication, based on Nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is being investigated to enhance multicasting data. Currently, 5G has been developed for enabling many applications with a muchenhanced user experience including serving multiple industries’ requirements for communication. Such applications require secure and reliable network connectivity with a very strong error protection mechanism. Currently, the spectrum resources are not fully occupied in the traditional technique such that it has created system constraint. There is a greater need to move toward the development of a new wireless technique to accommodate the requirements and achieve more efficiency by utilizing the available spectrum.

Over the four-decades mobile communication has advanced with the exponential rise in data applications such as smartphones, and industry automation together with seamless connectivity. This scenario has attributed more challenges to the existing multiple access (OMA) scheme. The proposed research aims to provide a more reliable reception in wireless communication to guarantee user fairness including quality of service (QoS) as well as the quality of experience (QoE) by utilising full-duplex relays.

KEYWORDS NOMA, 5G, IoT, Multicasting, Cooperative communication, mMTC, URLLC, eMBB, Evolution. Relays, Small cell

83


Inyeni Amakuro Showers TIA AMTL



POSTER PRESENTATION

REAL-TIME DETECTION AND TRACKING OF AIRBORNE MICRO-DRONE USING LABVIEW MACHINE VISION

Machine vision is the technology that deals with the use of camera(s) to identify, inspect andanalyse objects automatically. It is largely inspired by the human sense of vision. In this research, a robot driving base is developed with an on-board camera for object detection and tracking. The driving base is used as a platform to implement a vision based algorithmthat identifies and tracks the position of a micro-drone in real time. This is done with the goal of further implementing an autonomous airborne docking and undocking system for the micro-drone to a mother-drone.

In this research, National Instruments’ LabVIEW and Vision assistant are used as programming platforms for object detection and tracking to implement the autonomous airborne tracking system for micro-drones. Pitsco Education’s Tetrix max robotics kit is usedwith a micro controller (NI-myRIO 1900 student version) to create a robot driving base for this research. A Logitec c110 webcam is also mounted on the driving base and connected to the micro controller for computer vision. The Laptop used for programming the system isconnected via Wi-Fi to the NI-myRIO. A DJI Tello drone is used as the micro drone to be tracked. A small yellow ball is also attached on top of the micro-drone and used as the tracking object for the robot driving base.

Further work can be done in designing a robot arm to reach for the real-time position of themicro-drone and hold it to a docking position while airborne.

84


Elisha Indarjit Student


TOPIC: SMART ENERGY

POSTER PRESENTATION

SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORKING BASED ON CENTRALIZED CONTROL FOR SMART GRID COMMUNICATION

Communication networks are growing, and there is a need for improved planning and evolution of these networks. Customers require services to be implemented in a shorter time-frame. Vendors dictate to the Service Provider, limiting the Service Provider’s capability and their company’s technology strategy. The same applies to the electrical distribution companies; scalability, reliability, control and intelligence become requirements.

The four factors stated can be assessed on a Software Defined Network (SDN), which can be applied to an SDN smart home, SDN automation plant, and SDN electrical distribution system. This capability will allow companies to perform the following services:• Gain control of the network,• Increase security on each layer of the architecture,• Collect data to understand the network and customer experience,• Creation of Smart Grid services from a centralised controller.

The research aims to integrate the Smart Grid into a Software-Defined communication network to prove the intelligent control of functions and provisioning of services within a 4G and 5G network. The Smart Grid lacks centralised control and remote control of its components. The fundamental design and security of integrated SG +SDN architecture will enable a new approach to provisioning customer requirements in seconds.

Smart Grid (SG) witnessed tremendous growth in communication infrastructure. The SG network requires a significant effort in terms of network management and security. Our aimis to build, to secure and protect the networks and its customer from threats. The SDN+SG will develop a new target architecture to meet the advanced needs of secure connectivity for the end-user.

KEYWORDS Software Defined Network(SDN), Smart Grid(SG)

85


Wellington Nyadenga CPUT Student



POSTER PRESENTATION

TOWARDS VIRTUAL WORK PRACTICES: RE-IMAGINING LEARNING EXPERIENCE DESIGN IN THE WESTERN CAPE TVET SECTOR

This paper will respond to the divide between the vocational learning experiences design and emerging digital practices of industry 4.0. The study will explore the personal experiences of vocational students with virtual work place practices. Consequently, the process and practices of learning experience design will be reimagined to promote the effective participation of vocational students in a virtual work environment. A case study will be conducted with both enrolled and graduated employed vocational students from a Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) college in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Participants from various disciplines of vocational studies will be engaged. Based on a pragmatic philosophical approach, the Frameworks for Integrated Methodologies (FraIM) will be the underlying research approach for this study. A snowball sampling method will be used to collect data through interviews and analysis of participants’ journals. The transformative learning theory and experiential learning theory will form a dual theoretical lens for this study. The research will attribute the digital learning experiences in vocational institutions in response to practices and experiences with virtual working. Subsequently, the study will have a theoretical contribution and a practical significance in vocational learning experiences design towards a dynamic digital workplace. More so, the vocational graduates will be prepared to participate competently and productively in the world of work under technological changes.

86


Danielle Dana Mitchell ABSTRACT ID: 62 Submitted: 10 Dec 2020


POSTER PRESENTATION

EFFECT OF CO-CULTURING ON THE PRODUCTION OF MARINE ACTINOBACTERIAL ANTIMICROBIAL COMPOUNDS

The threat of antibiotic resistant microorganisms is of great concern to humanity. The mortality rate due to antibiotic resistant organisms is increasing world-wide. Since most antimicrobial agents have been sourced from terrestrial environments, the search for novel antimicrobial agents from environments other than the terrestrial environment is an imperative. The main aim of this study, is to evaluate the ability of marine actinobacteria to produce novel secondary metabolites as well as to determine the effect of co-culture on the production of these compounds.

Actinobacterial strains were isolated from marine sediment samples collected from six sites across four national parks stretching from Table Mountain National Park to the Garden Route National Park. These isolates were screened for antimicrobial activity against American type culture collection (ATCC) test trains. Different ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:5, and 1:10) of the isolates exhibiting the highest antimicrobial activity will be co-cultured with other actinobacteria and ATCC test strains in order to determine the effect of co-culturing on the production of antimicrobial agents. Methanol extracts were prepared from liquid cultures in order to determine the effect of different cultivation media and co-culturing on secondary metabolite profiles.

Eight marine actinobacterial strains exhibited antimicrobial activity. Bioautography of the actinobacterial extracts against World Health Organisation priority pathogenic strains showed different activity profiles. It is clear that different growth media resulted in the production of different secondary metabolites, an aspect that will be confirmed in future studies by MS/MS fingerprinting.

87


Avela Sogoni Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology



POSTER PRESENTATION

EFFECTS OF SALT STRESS ON PLANT GROWTH, NUTRIENT UPTAKE AND CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT IN TETRAGONIA DECUMBENS MILL (DUNE SPINACH)

Climate change, expanding soil salinization and the developing shortages of freshwater have negatively affected crop production around the world. Seawater and salinized lands represent potentially cultivable areas for edible salt tolerate plants. In the present study, the effect of salinity stress on plant growth, nutrient uptake and chlorophyll content of T. decumbens was evaluated. Salt concentrations were set up on three treatments by adding increasing concentrations of NaCl in the nutritive solution (50, 100 and 200 mM). A total of 300 mℓ nutrient solution was prepared for each plant with and/or without NaCl addition. The plants were then watered every three days using a plastic beaker. The control treatment was sustained and irrigated only by the nutritive solution. Results revealed that the use of nutritive solution incorporated with 50 and 100 mM NaCl had a positive effect on plant growth, nutrient uptake and chlorophyll content in the leaves. Nitrogen and phosphorus uptake were more prominent in plants irrigated with 200 mM NaCl, even though this treatment negatively affected plant growth. The results of this study indicate that there is potential for seawater cultivation of T. decumbens for consumption.

88


Olatunde Shokoya Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Cape Peninsula University of Technology


TOPIC: SMART ENERGY

POSTER PRESENTATION

ELECTRICITY THEFT: A GLOBAL MENACE

Electricity theft is the deliberate act of swindling the power utility companies. Majority mainly see theft as the illegal carting away of physical commodities, but are oblivious of the fact that electricity is a commodity too and is also being stolen. Electricity theft is also known as non-technical losses (NTL). The first noticeable electricity theft incident took place in New York, United States in 1886, when the commercial deployment of electricity by utilities began. Electricity theft is a global menace, in which all utilities in developed and developing countries are all grappling with. This problem causes huge economic losses to the utility companies and damage to the grid infrastructure. These hamper reliability, stability, sustainability and quality of power supply. The total annual approximate worldwide financial revenue losses owing to electricity theft is around US$100 billion. Out of this humongous estimate, the United States loses around US$6 billion, the United Kingdom loses around £173 million, India loses around US$16.2 billion and South Africa loses at least R20 billion every year. The utilities become insolvent due to these massive financial losses, and may collapse. The power load shedding that happens frequently in South Africa is a glimpse of some of the negative effects of electricity theft. Electricity is stolen mainly by tampering with the meter, and by direct illegal tapping of electricity from the feeder. Electricity theft could be mitigated using theoretical statistical techniques, upgraded electricity meters, and artificial intelligence (AI) methods. Electricity theft must be subdued to save the power industry.

89


Zimasa Mchani Cape Peninsula University of Technology



POSTER PRESENTATION

FRAMEWORK TOWARDS ENHANCEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION SITE SAFETY THROUGH THE EXPLORATION OF RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS DURINGBUILDING PRODUCTION PROCESSES IN SOUTH AFRICA

The risk management system is extremely important in the construction industry including other industries. Construction projects are facing risks that have negative effects on projectobjects such as time, cost, and quality. This study is based on a framework towards the enhancement of construction site safety through the exploration of risk management systems during building production processes in South Africa. There are two types of risk management techniques that will be considered: preventive techniques which are used before the start of a project to manage risks that are anticipated during the project execution; and remedial techniques that are used during the execution phase once a risk has already occurred. This thesis aims to understand the influence of the contextual environment on improving safety risk management within construction sites in South Africa and to develop a framework of recommendations for improving the safety practice of the sector based on discussing risk identification, risk assessment, and risk response. Implementation of the process of risk management before the start of any phase of the project will lead to less impact on cost, time, and quality of the project. The objective of this paper to identify all risks that the contractor or client may face during the execution of a project. The risks will be identified and analyzed based on experience and the necessary mitigation for the identified risks will be presented. The thesis will adopt a multimethod strategy design, employing data collection techniques suited to the research setting.

KEYWORDS Risk management system, construction site, project, framework, risk management techniques

90


Lucia Shishongi, Xolani Nghona,Prof Ruben Ndihokubwayo



POSTER PRESENTATION

BARRIERS AGAINST THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATIVE TENDER ADJUDICATION METHODS WITHIN THE SOUTH AFRICAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

This study investigates the critical factors which are probable barriers against the implementation of innovative tender adjudication methods within the South African (SA) construction industry. Tender adjudication in the SA construction industry is done in accordance with the guidelines provided by the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB), where the method itself is called One-dimension (1D). The CIDB tender adjudication method is built on 5 pillars which includes fairness, equitability, transparency, competitiveness, and cost effective. With the 1D method being primarily used for tender adjudication, it has been argued that not all the requirements of the 5 pillars are being met by this method. Innovative tender award method Two Dimension Equalised-Scores Tender Adjudication Principles (2D- ESTAP) has been proposed to alleviate the shortcomings encountered with the 1D method. This study will make reference to the proposed 2D-ESTAP method in an attempt to explore the possible barriers against the implementation of innovative tender adjudication methods within the SA construction industry.

The objectives of the study are; to identify the barriers against the implementation of innovative tender adjudication methods in SA construction, to determine strategic measures to reduce these obstacles, and to establish the advantages of controlling these barriers against the implementation of innovative tender adjudication methods in the SA construction industry. The research data will make use of both qualitative and quantitative data gathering methods. Data gathering approaches will include exploratory and main study targeting, Purposive sampling will be used whereby only mainly selecting the South African public construction sector and stakeholders will be selected for this study. The exploratory case study will be carried out to gain more insight about the cause of barriers of qualifying innovative tender adjudication methods in the construction industry. The sampling method will be used where data will be collected by means of observation of physical works, semi-structured interviews with relevant parties who are directly involved in the public tender adjudication procedures, and the analysis of the tender adjudication report issued after tender award.

This study will highlight significance of the study is to emphasise the importance of innovative tender adjudication methods in the construction industry and the need to facilitate these innovative methods in order to maintain a competitive edge in the market of lower construction cost, improve quality, maximize productivity, and meet the infrastructure needs for the economy.

91


Nomfusi Ntsobi Cape Peninsula University of Technology



POSTER PRESENTATION

ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTS OF BEAUVERIA BASSIANA (HYPOCREALES) INOCULUM ON THE COMPOSTING OF VEGETABLE WASTES

Microbial inocula are explored as agents for the optimization of composting process. This present research work primarily evaluates the efficacy of inoculating organic vegetable heaps with the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales) on the biophysicochemical properties of the end-product of composting. Five heaps of fresh vegetable wastes were inoculated with conidial inoculum of B. bassiana, while another five were not exposed to the fungus. The heaps were composted for four weeks. The biophysicochemical characteristics of the heaps were determined. Additionally, phytotoxicity tests of the composted materials were carried out at the end of the experiment. We found no significant differences (P > 0.05) in heap temperatures and heap moisture levels between the fungus and control treatments. While the levels of most of the macronutrients (N, P, K and Mg) did not differ significantly between the two treatments (df = 1,6; P > 0.05), remarkably, end-product of composted heaps exposed to B. bassiana inoculum showed significantly (df =1, 6; P <0.05) higher levels of Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn. The phytotoxicity tests revealed that the composted samples from fungus treated heaps showed a diminished toxicity to cowpea seeds and seedlings when end-product of composting were used at higher concentration (25%) compared to (12.5%) in a soil mix. In conclusion, this study showed that B. bassiana inoculum induced significant increases in micronutrient contents and moderate phytotoxicity of composted materials following composting of vegetable wastes.

KEYWORDS Beauveria bassiana, Composting, Microbial count, Organic vegetable wastes, Inoculation, Toxicity

92


Mr Aasief Gaffoor, Prof Christine Winberg, Prof J GarrawayIndependent researcher | South African Research Chair (Work&Learning) | CPUT



POSTER PRESENTATION

INTEGRATING GENERIC SKILLS INTO THE VOCATIONAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM IN THE TVET SYSTEM

***at proposal stageThe International Labour Organisation argues that considerable efforts are required to ensure that Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) effectively develops and integrates generic/soft skills into formal curriculum structures, to improve graduate’s employability and labour market transition. However, integration of generic/soft skills has not been adequately acknowledged in South African TVET literature, and it remains unclear how such integration can best be accomplished. The enquiry will also look at generic digital skills associated with Industrial Revolution 4.0.

To better understand the problem, this Doctoral research will gather data from key stakeholders, namely TVET staff, industry partners/employers, and TVET students, based on their knowledge of the researched problem. The study will focus on TVET Business Management programmes, sampling from the identified population in Table 1. The primary data collection instrument will be individual and group online interviews. Atlas.ti will assist the researcher to analyse large sections of data. Participants will be made aware of their voluntary participation through informed consent, prior to interviewing. Ethics approval has been submitted to relevant bodies involved.

The study will be underpinned by the Activity Theory, in order to investigate the interaction of the different elements of the TVET system. The study will focus on the Activity Outcome, namely the integration and development of generic/soft skills. The Activity Theory Eight-Step Model (Table 2), will assist the researcher to systematically identify current impediments and enablement’s to integrating generic/soft skills into formal TVET curriculum structures, and how such integration may be better supported in the future.

93


Vuyo Kiva, Melius Weideman WARC, FID, CPUT



POSTER PRESENTATION

OPEN ACCESS JOURNALS: ADVANTAGES TO THE INSTITUTION AND THE SCHOLARLY RESEARCHERS

Open Access (AO) to academic materials is one of the foundations of knowledge, and these academic documents should be accessible by every internet user. Unlike traditional publishing, AO aims to eliminate the hurdles of cost and embargos which require academic authors to sign away the copyright of their publications.

AO seems to be a solution to institutions that are active in research, as it provides the online submission of content in different fields of study. The aim of most research is to disseminate new knowledge, and to re-use existing knowledge. AO assists in increasing the impact of research and it supports collaboration and empowers researchers to obtain permanent links to their research outputs. All these are beneficiary to institutions and researchers alike, as institutions may publish documents in their own in-house journals and distribute or post it on institutional or personal websites.

However, researchers should look at copyright policy agreements before publication. Tools such as SHERPARoMEO, and Creative Commons can help authors understand their copyright agreements, should they want to publish. SHERPARoMEO is an online tool that collects and analyzes policies to determine conditions given to the author regarding rights on their output(s). On the other hand, Creative Commons provides a stress-free method that provides public consent to share and use their creative work, on conditions of their choice. Creative Commons licenses may allow reproduction, distribution and use of someone’s work non-commercially. It also ensures that the originator receives the credit they deserve.

94


Asive Sydney Poswayo ABSTRACT ID: 97 Submitted: 10 Dec 2020

TOPIC: SMART ENERGY

POSTER PRESENTATION

PERFORMANCE INVESTIGATION OF GRID CONNECTED SOLAR PV SYSTEM

The saving of electricity has become an important factor in our era with the economy scalereaching a technological cap, depleting fossil fuels reserves and the environmental impactof burning fossil fuels. South Africa has been faced with a growing energy demand; mainlydue to the continued economic growth, increasing energy demand, ageing of the utility grid infrastructure and increased utilization of information and communication. Due to energy poverty in Africa including South Africa, renewable energy resources have started being exploited throughout the continent. Solar, wind, biomass and hydro provide us with clean energy. The use of fossil fuels in South Africa has been a major concern, they havesignificant impact to the environment. Renewable energy resources still face major obstacles as they are unpredictable. These obstacles may have huge impact on the traditional electric grid.

A comprehensive literature review will be carried out on grid connection requirements anddesign of the grid-tied PV system. MATLAB Simulink software will be used to simulate thenetwork model according to grid code requirements. The results will be used to analyze the performance of the system and recommendation will be also provided according to the results and findings. The research thesis is expected to explore in-depth evaluation of the PV technology available in literature and provide possible solutions to the operational problems with respect of the performance of the system.

KEYWORDS Grid, Photovoltaic system, DC-DC Converter, DC-AC Inverter, MATLAB/Simulink

95


Lucy ShishongiCape Peninsula University of Technology



POSTER PRESENTATION

PROPERTIES AND SELECTED FOOD APPLICATIONS OF MORINGA OLEIFERA SEED AND LEAF PROTEIN

A balanced nutrition is important for human well-being and productivity. Mahewu is a traditional non-alcohol beverage manufactured by fermenting maize. It is well favoured by native people of South Africa and known by different names in different languages. In Pedi, it is known as ‘Metogo’, Swazis call it ‘Emahewu’ Sothos; ‘Machleu’, while the Vendas call it ‘Maphulo’, the Xhosas; ‘Amarehwu’ and the Zulus; ‘Amahewu’. The general term is “Mahewu”. People of different age groups (including infants) consume Mahewu. Although mahewu is adequate in macronutrients (protein, carbohydrates, and fat) and some micronutrients, it is necessary to enrich the traditional formulations with M. oleifera leaf and seed protein with the aim of producing a nutrient high protein traditional beverage. The main aim of this study is to develop a nutrient-dense maize and sorghum Mageu by fortifying with Moringa protein extracts/concentrates. The main aim will be achieved by firstly optimizing the extraction of protein from Moringa leaf and seeds using Pulse electric field (PEF) and Ultrasound-assisted Extraction (UAE) and determining their impact on the yield, biochemical, physicochemical, and techno-functional properties of the extracted protein. Secondly to incorporate the protein at different concentrations (w/w) into a traditional beverage (Mahewu) and determine its impact on the biochemical, physicochemical, and techno-functional properties of the beverage.

96


Ridaa ManuelMaster’s Student



POSTER PRESENTATION

SOLVING THE ENERGY ACCESS PROBLEM IN SUBSAHARAN AFRICA (SSA) THROUGH THE DEPLOYMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

The following paper explores the energy access problem in the rural areas of SSA and explores the renewable energy resources that can help solve this problem. It then takes acloser look at the use of biofuel generation in solving the energy access problem. It also explains the technology and applications that can be developed and introduced to accessthese resources and ranks them based on suitability for SSA.

97


Joseph C AkwunwaCPUT



POSTER PRESENTATION

SPATIOTEMPORAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MARITIME ACTIVITIES USING SATELLITE AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM (S-AIS) DATA

Pressure on the oceans are mounting as global trade and exploitation of marine resources escalate. The maritime environment is critical to human existence and its protection from abuse and misuse is becoming challenging due to increased human activities and the need to gain knowledge of these activities from the massive amount of vessel trajectory data.

Monitoring of maritime activity is a complex mission that encompasses several maritime risks and environmental issues such as environmental destruction and degradation but also maritime accidents, Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) fishing and trafficking problems. Recent years have seen steady maritime incidences (with severe environmentalconsequences) such as collisions, grounding and illegal exploitations of the marine resources partly due to inadequate decision support systems.

While a collection of works have investigated and implement novel techniques for maritimeevents monitoring, majority of these works have been limited to the application of classicalmachine learning and statistical techniques. These are ad-hoc techniques that handle only a single or a few predefined types of vessel behaviour and do not learn from the data, but require the definition of queries and rules for describing each behaviour. This focus on these techniques inhibits advancements to more general behaviour detection techniques, thereby compelling monitoring systems to operate only under constant human supervision.

This study aims to develop an unsupervised Deep Learning algorithm to detect and classifygreater number of vessel events spatiotemporally, with little or no human supervision, using Satellite Automatic Identification System (AIS) data for improved real-time maritime decision support.

98


Kwena Molepo Master’s student



POSTER PRESENTATION

SYNTHESIS OF HIERARCHICAL SILVER MESOCRYSTALS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF NITROPHENOL

Noble metal nanoparticles have received considerable attention in the scientific literature due to their fascinating optical and catalytic properties (Chen et al., 2014). Among various kinds of noble metals, silver is particularly interesting because of its strong plasmonic properties. Some efforts have been focused on exploring the relations between the morphologies and properties. There is however no report of the exploration of mesocrystals for catalytic reduction of nitro compounds. Mesocrystals are a fascinating class of crystalline materials, which are composed of aligned nanocrystals in crystallographic order. They are formed by non-classical crystallization rather than single atoms, ions or molecules like in classical crystallization pathways. Despite their huge potential, mesocrystals are not yet commonly applied in technological applications because their methods of synthesis and formation mechanisms are not well understood yet. In this study, silver mesocrystals were synthesized via chemicals reduction methods at room temperatures. The structural properties were controlled by varying the concentration of ascorbic acid. The as synthesized mesocrystals were characterized using TEM, UV-visible spectrophotometer. The catalytic reduction of nitrophenol was done in the presence of NaBH4. Overall, this study demonstrates a huge potential for silver mesocrystals in catalysis.

99


Vuyolwehtu Mdongwana ABSTRACT ID: 94 Submitted: 10 Dec 2020


POSTER PRESENTATION

THE USE OF CASH BUDGET AS A PLANNING TOOL IN CONSTRUCTION FIRMS REGARDING PROJECT COMPLETION IN THE CAPE TOWN NORTHERN SUBURBS INDUSTRIAL AREAS, SOUTH AFRICA

Cash budget is one of the fundamental tools that can be used to plan, monitor and analyse the feasibility of the firm. In construction, the cash budget enables firms to plan for their project completion. Therefore, this paper seeks to ascertain the extent to which construction firms use cash budget when planning for their project completion. In addition, this paper is motivated by the dearth of research on the usage of cash budget, high rate of failure on the South African construction firms and the poor performance which then reflects high levels of non-completion and low productivity on projects.The data was collected by means of a questionnaire survey that consists of closed-ended questions and it was analysed to generate descriptive results through SPSS. The major findings indicate that construction firms use cash budget and other types of budget on a monthly and yearly basis. However, the findings further indicate that construction firms prefer to outsource these types of budgets and do not necessarily use them for project completion planning but for other purposes instead.

100


Sulaiman Maeresera, Melius WeidemanWARC, FID, CPUT



POSTER PRESENTATION

THE USE OF WEB COOKIES ON E-LEARNING PLATFORMS: A CASE OF WESTERN CAPE INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER LEARNING

The objective of this research was to assess the use and value of web cookies on e-Learning platforms in institutions of higher learning. Web cookies have been used in the past to store often-used user information, improving the user experience when using a web-based system. The COVID19 pandemic has altered our way of life and institutions of higher education have not been spared. Clearly, it is imperative to devise and formulate new methods of lesson delivery and learning. Some research points to the fact that online course delivery has started playing a bigger role, possibly even overtaking traditional face-to-face teaching in the future. The challenge that education now faces is how course delivery will survive post COVID19.

The critical mix of content availability, lecturer ability, student system integration, and the value that a student can get by studying online, are some of the factors to be considered.

Online marketing thrived in the period of the pandemic, and part of its success is attributed to the use of web cookies. Harvesting information gathered through cookies could improve service delivery of online courses. Data on various methods of learning will be generated, and an experimental approach will be used to test the results of web cookies as applied to an e-Learning platform. It is expected that the correct use of web cookies will provide much scope for the improvement of online course delivery.

101AT H L O N E B E L LV I L L E D I S T R I C T S I X G E O R G E G R A N G E R B AY M O W B R AY W E L L I N G T O N W O R C E S T E R

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CONFERENCE POSTGRADUATE 2020