CONFERENCE ON " S T A T E OF METROLOGY IN THE FIELD

OF TEMPERATURE M E A S U R E M E N T S "

D. F. T a r t a k o v s k i i UDC 536,5(063)

September 21-23, 1969, in Lvov, a joint conference was held by the Permanent Commission on Metrology of the Scientific Council of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR for the Problem of High-Temperature Thermo- physics; the Section on Thermophysical Properties of Materials of the Scientific Council of the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for Science and Technology for the Problem of "Mass and Heat Transfers in Technological Processes; the Commission for Thermal Measurements of the Committee of Standards, Measures, and Measuring Instruments of the Council of Ministers of the USSR; and the Scientific-Production Society �9 Termopribor," on the problem of "The State of Metrology in the Field of Temperature Measurements."

Convened in accordance with a resolution adopted at the preceding session of these commissions, occurring October 7-9, 1968, in Tbilisi, the conference analyzed the state and the level of development of the metrology of temperature measurements in the country and the correspondence of this level with present-day demands of the na- tional economy, and it adopted resolutions that arose.

The conference heard papers from leading speciahsts-metrologists concerning the state of metrological pro- visioning in the different fields of temperature measurements.

The paper of I. I. Kirenkov (read by G. S. Ambrok), "The status of standards in the field of temperature mea- surel-nent," considered problems in the making of temperature scales: thermodynamic and the International Practical Temperature Scale (MPTSh). It is noteworthy that the thermodynamic temperature scale, being the scientific basis for the practical scale, provides applicability of the MPTSh for all practical temperature measurements over a wide temperature range. The paper describes recent work of the D. I. Mendeleev Scientific-Research Institute of Metrolo- gy (VNIIM) in implementation of the thermodynamic temperature scale, the status of standards for the MPTSh, and the development of new standard platinum resistance thermometers for operation up to the melting point of gold in- stead of standard thermometers. Further, the author considered in detail the problem of making a temperature scale beyond the melting point of gold. Speaking of the problems of lnetrological institutes in connection with the resolu- tions adopted concerning the transition to MPTSh-68, the author mentioned a number of practical difficulties con- fronting us, and which must be removed with the aid of higher ranking organizations; he reported that complete tran- sition to this new scale in the region above 0~ should be complete in 1970 at the VNIIM. In conclusion, the author noted that the weak development of the industrial base of scientific instrumentation concerned with production of the necessary means for measurement to the highest accuracy impedes the introduction of the attainments of metrology into the national economy.

The paper of F. Z. Alieva, "The status and the problems of metrological provisioning of contact methods of temperature measurements in industry" (read by N. N. ~rgardt), noted that basically the status of the metrology and the technology of accurate temperature measurement in the middle temperature range satisfies present requirements. In a nmnber of fields of the new technology, however, the level of metrological provisioning is quite low, and it is necessary to work on the problems of the measurement methods, the development of new thermometric apparatus, and the creation of new conducting and insulating materials. The paper mentioned the need for a further expansion of work in the investigation of the thermoelectric nonunifonnity of the electrodes of thermocouptes, which is one of the main sources of measurement error. The author indicated the need for a scientific center coordinating the many investigations in the field of medium-temperature measurements.

Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 3, pp. 89-90, March, 1970. OriginaI article submitted

December 4, 1969.

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G. S. kmbrok gave a paper ent i t led "Present status and problems of met ro log ica l provisioning of contactless

industrial pyrometry." The author contends that the main problems of met ro log ica l organizations in the field of op- t i ca l pyrometry are the problems connected with the design and transfer of a temperature scale, the need for deve l -

oping new circuits and highly accurate instruments, and further development of work in the investigation and analysis of temperature measurement errors. G. S. Ambrok discussed apparatus used in the VNIIM for the design and transfer

of a temperature scale by the photoelectr ic method, and the method and apparatus for cal ibrat ing high-brightness pulse sources up to 40,000~ The author noted the specia l importance of the development and introduction of stable radiat ion sources. Considering some new trends of contactless pyrometry, he dwelt on the great diff icul ty arising in metrology in connection with the creat ion of instruments for measuring the ac tua l temperature of bodies in accord- ance with the thermal radiat ion, and he ment ioned ways of e l imina t ing the difficulty. The author gave special a t - tention to the pressing problem of developing methods and apparatus for measuring the eoeffieient of blackness of ra - diat ion, and also the necessity of general iz ing and systematizing data a l ready on hand.

O. k . 8ergeev and T. Z. chadovich, in the paper "Problems of metrology in the measurement of nonstationary

temperature processes," considered one of the real problems of the met ro log iea l organizations in the country. From the point of view of evaluat ing the dynamic errors, the paper considered the cases of measurement of determinis t ic and random nonstationary temperatures. Noting that today on the whole the methods of determining dynamic errors in the measurement of de terminis t ic nonstationary temperatures are worked out quite well, the authors indicate that there is insufficient accuracy in the de terminat ion of the transfer functions of thermoreeeivers.

Considering the problem of measuring random temperature variations, A. N. Gordov and Ya. V. Maliov noted the ext reme complexi ty of the problem of met ro log ica l provisioning for such measurements. Using the example of the measurement of temperature pulsations of a turbulent flow of a gas or a liquid, they showed the effect of the cor- re lat ion relationships between the temperature and the flow rate on the values of the determined s tat is t ical charac- teristics of the process, and the need to match the dimensions of the thermoreceiver with the microseale of the tur-

bulence. An important problem is the deve lopment of methods and apparatus for checking s ta t is t ical analysis instru- ments used for processing measurement results.

B. I. Stadnyk discussed new worm of the Scient if ic Instrumentation Society (NPO) "Termopribor" in the field of contact methods for temperature measurement and the formulation of problems introduced into industry by met ro- logists.

In the discussion of the papers a nmnber of useful remarks were made, promoting further development of the metrology of temperature measurements.

The conference proposed:

1. To commission the permanent Commission on Metrology of the Scient if ic Council of the Academy of Sci-

ences of the USSR on the Problem of "High-Temperature Thermophysics" to develop and present for the con- sideration of the Commit tee of Standards, Measures, and Measuring Instruments of the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the State Commit tee on Science and Technology a coordinated plan for the improvement and deve l - opment of standards and standard means in the field of high temperatures.

2. To request the State Commit tee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on Science and Technology to commission the Ministry of Instrm-nentation, Control Systems, and Automation Means to consider the problem of the deve lopment of the basis for scient i f ic instrumentat ion in the field of high temperatures.

3. To request the Commit tee of Standards, Measures, and Measuring Instruments of the Council of Ministers of the USSR to commission the met ro log ica l institutes and factories to implement development and production in the required quantit ies of standard means for the field of high temperatures; to sotve in 1970 a number of problems

associated with the introduction of MPTSh-68 into the USSR; to expedi te consideration of a GOST on the thermore- ceivers developed by the NPO "Termopribor."

4. To request the Institute of High Temperatures in 1970-1971 to make a col lect ion and cr i t ica l analysis of the results of exper imenta l determinat ions of the coefficients of blackness of radiat ion of different substances and mater ia l s over a wide range of temperatures, after having these mater ia ls issued in aeeordanee with the GSSSD.

5. To consider i t desirable to have the VNIIM and the Leningrad Institute of Accurate Mechanics and Optics in 1970-1971 to carry out deve lopment of recommendat ions for the use of the most re l iab le and accurate methods of de termining the dynamic characterist ics of meters for nonstationary temperatures, and in 1970-1972 to develop

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recommendations for methods of evaluating the methodical errors in the measurement of temperatures by contact methods. In the Sverdlovsk branch of the VNIIM, to develop in 1970 standards documents for the optimum methods for evaluating the nonuniformities of thermoelectrodes.

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