Conference and Plenary Meeting of the PCC in Cyprus The Resurvey Project of the Department of Land and Surveys in Cyprus and the Role of the Private Surveyors

Conference and Plenary Meeting of the PCC in Cyprus

The Resurvey Project of the

Department of Land and Surveys in Cyprus and

the Role of the Private Surveyors in the Cadastre

Dr Elikkos Elia

Senior Land Officer

November 29, 2012

1


The Cyprus Cadastral Map

The Resurvey Project

Private Sector Involvement in Cadastral Surveys in Cyprus

Conclusion

Presentation Content

Dr Elikkos Elia 2


The cadastral map together with the Land Registry constitutes the basis of the Cyprus Cadastral System.

The cadastral plans cover the extend of the whole island, and approximately 1,579,000 parcels appear today on the plans.

Today, there are 8,545 cadastral plans on scales from 1:500 up to 1:5000.

The first cadastral map series was created from 1904 to 1929 and it is being updated since then, with the applications-cases that are carried out.

The Cyprus Cadastral Map

Dr Elikkos Elia 3


Cyprus Geodetic Reference System 1913-1915

Map Projection: Cassini

Reference Spheroid: Clark 185833º 20’ E

35º N0,0

Cyprus First Cadastral Map

Dr Elikkos Elia 4


1904-1911Unsound Chain SurveyPlans on Scale 1:2500

1918-1929Plane Table MethodPlans on Scales 1:5000

1914-1918Chain SurveyPlans on Scales 1:500, 1:1000, 1:1250, 1:2500

Dr Elikkos Elia5


Plan on scale 1:2500 (unsound survey)


Dr Elikkos Elia6

Plan on scale 1:500 (chain survey)


Plans on scale 1:5000 (plane table)

7


Conference and Plenary Meeting of the PCC in Cyprus Digital Cadastral Data Base

All the features shown on the cadastral plans have been digitized and edge-matched, creating the DCDB of the Cyprus Land Information System

8


Dr Elikkos Elia 9

Problems related to the First Cadastral Map

• accuracy

• update & maintenance

• copy and reproduction

• distribution

To overcome these problems the DLS set a strategic objective

aiming to establish a fixed boundary coordinated cadastre

system, through the resurvey project, which started in 1999.


AKAM AS NEW B

LEIVADIA NEW A

LARA

ZACHAROU NEW

TRAPEZITISNEW A

PANAYIA NEW

TSIARTA NEW

THRONI

CHLOROVOUNOS

FORT PAFOS VARVARA

EAST END BASE

WHITE PROM ONTORY

GERANIA NEW A

ROCK DORA

AT MEYDAN

CHIONISTRA

KARAPETI NEW A

L IGHTHOUSE NEW

LIM NES NEW A

CONNECTING POINTHIGH HILL

ELOROS

STAVRAETOS

XYL IAS

ADELFOI

KREATOS

ATRATSANEW A

KORONIA

LEFKOVOUNO NEW A

LEFKOSIA

ATHANASIS

KAKASAGKAS NEW A

CAPE KITI

ENTEALO KNASI NEW A

PYLA NEW

AKHYRITOUW. TOWER

FANOS NEW A

GKREKO

AKAM AS NEW BLEFKOVOUNO NEW A

GKREKO

L IGHTHOUSE NEW

LONG BAS E LINE S CHE ME 1 9 9 2

BAS E LINE S ME AS URE D BY S AGRIC INT. IN 1 9 8 9

BAS E LINE S ME AS URE D BY DLS IN 1 9 9 2

COMMON BAS E LINE S (1 9 8 9 & 1 9 9 2 )

PRIMARY NETWORK OF CYPRUSGPS OBSERVATIONS 1989-1992

Points are approximately plotted

2.5 ppm 50 ppm 2.5 ppm 192 ppm

km 10 5 0 100 km50

Reference Geodetic Datum : WGS 84

Map Projection: Local Transverse Mercator (LTM)

New Cadastral Plan scales: 1:1000, 1:2000, 1:5000

New Geodetic Reference System in 1993

10


Dr Elikkos Elia11

RESURVEY PROJECT – ADOPTION OF NEW PLANS

The resurvey project and the adoption of new plans are

carried out according to the procedure described in article

50A of the Immovable Property (Tenure, Registration and

Valuation) Law, Cap.224.

The Director of the DLS may order the adoption of new

plans for any area.


The determination, relocation and demarcation of the position of a parcel on a new cadastral plan, as a result of the resurvey project, require a complicated procedure (analysis), where a number of factors, having various relative weights (%), need to be taken into account. The determination of the position of the parcel is actually the weighted average of the following factors:

The difficulty in the whole process is to define the percentage (%) of the relative weight of each factor.

Dr Elikkos Elia 12

W1 x Legal Cadastral Plan +W2 x Legal Parcel Area + W3 x Previous Legal Measurements and Previous Applications +W4 x Actual Land Tenure +W5 x Actual Parcel Area +W6 x Existing Topo or Constructed Features

Weighted Average Parcel Position

=

Resurvey Project


Dr Elikkos Elia13

The whole procedure of the determination of a boundary is not facilitated in cases where land disputes occur between the owners of neighboring parcels.

RESURVEY PROJECT

Conference and Plenary Meeting of the PCC in Cyprusdigitized legal cadastral plan

vs1963 land tenure

14

Conference and Plenary Meeting of the PCC in Cyprusdigitized legal cadastral plan

vsactual (current) land tenure

15


Legal measurements carried out in1967 for the subdivision of a parcel in two parcels with equal extends.(The measurements do not result to equal extends).

16


Determination of the position of the parcels as a result of the analysis of the weighted average of all various factors

17Dr Elikkos Elia


Proposed boundaries position

digitized legal cadastral planvs

proposed cadastral plan

18


Dr Elikkos Elia 19

RESURVEY PROJECT

Article 50A of the Immovable Property (Tenure, Registration and Valuation) Law Cap.224:• Any person who has a lawful interest in any immovable property

situated within the resurveyed area may inspect the existing plan in use, the new plan to be adopted and a list showing the number and area of each parcel on the first and the corresponding number and area of a parcel on the second plan.

• If any objection is submitted within 60 days from the publication, the Director shall notify his decision thereon by a notice served on the person objecting and on any other person whose lawful interests may be affected by the objection or the decision thereon. After the expiry of the period for objections, the Director shall proceed to adopt the new plan.

Resurvey Project


The result of the resurvey project is the adoption of new, accurate, digital cadastral plans …

… which formulate the basis of a fixed boundary coordinated cadastral system.

Dr Elikkos Elia 20

Resurvey Project

Conference and Plenary Meeting of the PCC in Cyprus 260 plans 1:1000 (LTM)

750 plans 1:2000 (LTM) 906 plans 1:2500 (cassini-unsound) 211 plans 1:500 (cassini) 615 plans 1:1000 (cassini)3383 plans 1:2500 (cassini)1590 plans 1:5000 (cassini) 830 plans 1:1250 (cassini)

CYPRUS CADASTRAL MAPOctober 2012

1,579,000 parcels

21Dr Elikkos Elia


22

Systematic and Sporadic Resurvey


Dr Elikkos Elia 23

Private Sector Involvement in

Cadastral Surveys in Cyprus


Dr Elikkos Elia 24

Private Sector Involvement in Cadastral Surveys

In many countries, Private Land Surveyors can carry out cadastral surveys, and in most of the cases they need a license to do so.

In a few countries, such as Sweden, The Netherlands and Finland, private land surveyors do not have a direct involvement and act mainly as consultants or undertake special projects.

In other countries, such as Czech Republic, Hungary and New Zealand, cadastral surveys are carried out exclusively by private surveyors.

Source: www.cadastraltemplate.org


Dr Elikkos Elia 25

Germany* 23,000

Poland 16,700

Australia 3,500

Bulgaria 2,333

Hungary 1,700

Lithuania 1,516

Czech Republic 1,500

Belgium* 950

Sweden, New Zealand* 600

Switzerland* 500

Finland 400

Denmark, The Netherlands 300

Latvia 173

Cyprus 100

Number of Professional Land Surveyors

Source: www.cadastraltemplate.org - FIG

(The proportion of the time that they actually commit for cadastral matters vary from 40% to 100%)

* The report submitted in 2003


Cyprus University of TechnologyDepartment of Civil Engineering & Geomatics(…expected in 2013….)

National Technical University of AthensSchool of Rural and Surveying Engineering

Aristotle University of ThessalonikiSchool of Rural and Surveying Engineering

Budapest University of Technology & EconomicsFaculty of Civil Engineering

The surveyors in Cyprus have been graduated mainly from the following Universities:

26


Dr Elikkos Elia 27

Private Sector Involvement in Cadastral Surveys in Cyprus

In Cyprus, the involvement of private land surveyors began in 1992,

for a specific type of cadastral applications regarding land divisions

and horizontal (strata) divisions. The demarcation of the external

boundary for these applications was carried out at that time by

governmental surveyors.

A small number of applications were carried out by private

surveyors until 2007 when the Cadastral Survey Law was enforced.


Dr Elikkos Elia 28

Cadastral Surveys Law

In 2006, the Cyprus Cadastral Survey Council was established

and the first Cadastral Surveyors Register was created.

The Cadastral Surveys Law was actually enforced on the

2.2.2007.


Dr Elikkos Elia 29

Becoming a Cadastral Surveyor…

Any person may be included in the Cadastral Surveyors Register if he/she:

1. is a member of the Scientific Technical Chamber of Cyprus in the Rural and Surveying Engineering Branch,

2. has at least one year experience in the field of cadastral surveying.

Today, 87 Private Surveyors and 14 Civil Servants are registered as Cadastral Surveyors.


Dr Elikkos Elia 30

Land & Surveys Dept.

Land Consolidation Dept.

Other Governm. Depts

Private Cadastral Surveyors

Other private works

Current working status of Professional

Surveyors in Cyprus


Dr Elikkos Elia 31

Applicants to any District Land Office of the Land and Surveys Department, requiring cadastral field surveys, have the option to choose between a governmental or a private licensed surveyor. Such works include the field surveys for:

• land demarcations

• vertical or horizontal (strata) property divisions

• boundary readjustments

• boundary amalgamations

• street widening and building or other property registrations.

Cadastral field surveys carried out by private surveyors


Dr Elikkos Elia 32

In any case, whether the work is undertaken by a private or a

governmental surveyor, the applicant has to pay the required fee

to the Land and Surveys Department. If the applicant chooses to

proceed with a private licensed surveyor, the applicant has to

personally agree with the Private Surveyor for an additional fee

and sign a contract provided by the Cyprus Scientific and

Technical Chamber. In all cases the field work is checked by the

DLS staff who has also the responsibility to update the cadastral

plan and the databases of the Land Information System.

Cadastral field surveys carried out by private surveyors


Dr Elikkos Elia 33

Application Undertaken by DLS Field work by private licensed surveyor

Land demarcationUp to 6 BTPsFrom 7 to 12 BTPsMore than 13 BTPs

€50 for each BTP€30 for each BTP€20 for each BTP

€15 for each BTP€10 for each BTP €6 for each BTP

Land parcel division or boundary readjustment

€110 for each new created parcel

€35 for each new created parcel

Building (strata) division

€100 for each new created unit

€30 for each new created unit

Boundary dispute €160 for each involved parcel

Not carried out by private surveyors

Examples of Fees Paid to the DLS


Dr Elikkos Elia 34

Cyprus Positioning System (CYPOS)

Seven permanent GNSS network stations.

Users: DLS, private surveyors, other engineers, departments, organizations and citizens.

Annual fee = €200+VAT

The cadastral field surveying works are supported today by the Cyprus Positioning System.


Dr Elikkos Elia 35

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20120

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Undertaken by the DLS Field work by Private Surveyors

Applications undertaken by governmental & private surveyors


Dr Elikkos Elia 36

DLS 97%

Private Surveyors

3%

Applications carried out by governmental and private surveyors in 2006

Total:11.234DLS: 10.869

Private: 365


Dr Elikkos Elia 37

DLS62%

Private38%

Total: 9.156DLS: 5.688

Private: 3.488

Applications carried out by governmental and private surveyors in 2011


Dr Elikkos Elia38

CONCLUSION

The resurvey project aims to prepare new digital cadastral plans with high accuracy and reliability, providing a fundamental infrastructure to the databases of the Land Information System, the Cadastre and to the broader Land Administration System. In the areas where the resurvey project was completed, governmental or private surveyors can carry out cadastral surveys rapidly, efficiently and without ambiguities. It is recognized that more effort should be placed to accelerate and finish this project.

The private surveyors have an important and active role in the field of cadastral surveying in Cyprus. Today the citizens have the option to choose between the DLS or a private licensed surveyor to carry out a cadastral survey. With the completion of the resurvey project, it will be easier for the Government to pass all cadastral field works to the private sector.

Documents

Conference and Plenary Meeting of the PCC in Cyprus The Resurvey Project of the Department of Land and Surveys in Cyprus and the Role of the Private Surveyors