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Conducting a Business Process Analysis Patrick Henry Community College Introduction Colleges are continually faced with a need to improve the way they operate. This usually means improving an existing process, while sometimes it involves developing a new process from scratch. More often than not, a lot of time is spent discussing problems related to business processes, but often we wind up treating the symptoms rather than the real problems. This usually occurs because there is no systematic, indepth analysis involved. Conducting a Business Process Analysis (BPA) will provide structure and order, as well as buyin, to revising or developing a business process. What is a Business Process Analysis (BPA)? A BPA is the study of predetermined work flow between a start and a stop point. Some examples include: Administering a student placement test Processing a student application for admission Processing a course registration Processing a student application for graduation Processing a purchase requisition Processing payroll For each of the above processes a beginning and ending point is predetermined and the steps in between are identified. These are documented in narrative form as well as in a flow diagram format. The steps are carefully analyzed to determine if they are the most efficient and effective way to conduct the process. Who should conduct the BPA? The best way to conduct a BPA is through the use of a committee. Minimally, the committee should consist of a facilitator, a recorder, and two or three “experts.” Experts are individuals who are thoroughly familiar with the existing process or are responsible for making a new process work. It is important to have representation from the users of the process in addition to those doing the processing. Where appropriate, a student should be included as a member of the committee. Additionally, a person who is familiar with flow diagramming software should be included. How is the BPA conducted? To better understand the BPA process an example is provided. The best way to start is to organize a committee as described above. A conference room with a large table provides a good environment. A flip chart will be needed for recording information. Additionally, it is best that a recorder take notes of the meeting. When scheduling the BPA you should allow for about two hours for developing an initial draft. This may seem like a lot but

Conducting a Business Process Analysis Patrick Henry

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Conducting a Business Process Analysis Patrick Henry Community College 

Introduction 

Colleges are continually faced with a need to improve the way they operate.  This usually means improving an existing process, while sometimes it involves developing a new process from scratch.  More often than not, a lot of time is spent discussing problems related to business processes, but often we wind up treating the symptoms rather than the real problems.  This usually occurs because there is no systematic, in­depth analysis involved.  Conducting a Business Process Analysis (BPA) will provide structure and order, as well as buy­in, to revising or developing a business process. 

What is a Business Process Analysis (BPA)? 

A BPA is the study of pre­determined work flow between a start and a stop point.  Some examples include:

•  Administering a student placement test •  Processing a student application for admission •  Processing a course registration •  Processing a student application for graduation •  Processing a purchase requisition •  Processing payroll 

For each of the above processes a beginning and ending point is pre­determined and the steps in between are identified.  These are documented in narrative form as well as in a flow diagram format.  The steps are carefully analyzed to determine if they are the most efficient and effective way to conduct the process. 

Who should conduct the BPA? The best way to conduct a BPA is through the use of a committee.  Minimally, the committee should consist of a facilitator, a recorder, and two or three “experts.”  Experts are individuals who are thoroughly familiar with the existing process or are responsible for making a new process work.  It is important to have representation from the users of the process in addition to those doing the processing.  Where appropriate, a student should be included as a member of the committee.  Additionally, a person who is familiar with flow diagramming software should be included. 

How is the BPA conducted? 

To better understand the BPA process an example is provided.  The best way to start is to organize a committee as described above.  A conference room with a large table provides a good environment.  A flip chart will be needed for recording information.  Additionally, it is best that a recorder take notes of the meeting.  When scheduling the BPA you should allow for about two hours for developing an initial draft.  This may seem like a lot but

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you will need a significant amount of time if you have the in­depth dialogue necessary to develop a thorough analysis. 

STEP #1:   Complete Part I of the BPA, except for “Hindrances” and “Recommendations for Improvement” 

Use the following information to assist you in completing Part I (Hindrances and Recommendations will be addressed later in the process): 

1.  Process:  Identify the business process to be analyzed.  Caution:  Do not try to cover too much with one business process statement. You may need to break a broadly stated process into two or more processes to make it manageable. Identifying the first and last steps of the process will help set parameters and assist in determining the complexity of the process. 

2.  Business Process Objective:  Indicate the purpose of the process. 3.  Actors:  Who touches the work?  These are individuals (or offices) through 

which the work must flow. 4.  Stakeholders:  Who has something to gain or lose as a result of this business 

process?  Stakeholders do not “touch” the work. 5.  Date Process Analysis Conducted:  Date BPA is completed. 6.  Contact Person:  Who to contact to ask questions about the business process. 7.  Process Owner:  Who has the authority to change the process?  Normally 

this is at the vice­presidential level. 8.  Process Analysis Team:  Members of the BPA Committee.  Indicate names 

and position titles. 9.  Process Begins:  Indicate the first step of the process. 10.  Process Ends:  Indicate the last step of the process. 

STEP 2:  Complete Part II of the BPA 

Identify the major steps of the business process.  Notice by looking at the example included (Administering the ASSET) that these are listed as “performance statements” Each begins with a subject (an actor) and includes an action word and an object.  To the right of each step is a narrative statement that helps to explain the step or provide additional information. 

Important Note:  Initially, do not worry about writing the business process steps in a chronological order.  As they are written on the flip chart, have someone write them on color coded “Stick’ems.”  Use a separate color for each actor.   These can be placed on a wall chart and moved around until the optimum order is achieved.  The wall chart (more specifically, a cross­functional flow chart) would resemble the flow diagram provided in our example.

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STEP #3:  Develop a flow diagram (cross­functional flow chart) that represents the BPA in graphic form 

This is referred to as a cross­functional flow chart.  The best way to do this is to develop a draft in the form of a wall chart as indicated in the note above.  This resembles a swimming pool with swim lanes.  Each “actor” (person touching the work) has a separate swim lane.  Each step has its own block and is numbered in chronological order.  Blocks are connected by lines with arrows indicating the direction of work flow.  Work that flows from one “actor” to another is indicated in a break in the connecting line.  Although not used in the example provided, decision block may be necessary to represent work flow. 

Once the initial draft of the cross­ functional flow chart is completed a finished chart should be drawn.  Microsoft’s Visio software is an excellent choice for this. 

STEP #4:  Compare the cross­functional flow chart with the narrative section (Part I) to ensure that they are saying the same thing 

Often this step will cause you to think in more depth and detail about the process and therefore prevent the overlooking of important functional aspects of the business process. 

STEP #5:  Complete Part I by addressing “Hindrances” and “Recommendations for Improvement” 

Hindrances are obstacles, barriers, and/or inefficiencies within a current process.  In making recommendations for improvement indicate clearly what needs to be done to make sure that a revised /new process is successful. 

Ref:  This business process analysis is being used at Patrick Henry Community College, Martinsville, Virginia.  For more information you may contact Dr. Nolan Browning, Vice­President for Academic and Student Development Service at [email protected] or (276) 656­0314.

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