Concrete NDT Presentation28th July 2009 Hanoi, Vietnam
2009 Proceq | 27.07.2009
Proceqs Main Markets
ConcreteConstruction Industry Consulting Analysis / Quality
Control Laboratories / Engineering Institutes Education
Metal and Paper pMetal Industry Consulting Analysis / Quality
Control Automotive Aviation Industry Oil Industry Paper and Film
Industry
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Proceqs Concrete Portfolio
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Unique Customer Benefits of the revolutionary Sil S h idt f th l
ti SilverSchmidt Concrete Test Hammer
2009 Proceq | 27.07.2009
Summary of the Key BenefitsBENEFITS -
Impact angle independence VLM (Very Low Maintenance) factor
Impact counter USB for quick print out Integrated regional curves
and standards Low weight. The N, NR is at least 70% heavier than
the SilverSchmidt The speed of measurement is greatly increased
Maximum Benefit to Cost Ratio (BCR)
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Angle IndependenceBENEFITS -
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VLM FactorBENEFITS -
Very Low Maintenance (VLM) Sealing Dust and dirt which is a
typical problem in conventional rebound hammers has been
practically eliminated in the SilverSchmidt by the use of seals.
Calibration A conventional rebound hammer typically requires
recalibrating after 1000 impacts impacts. The SilverSchmidt
automatically checks the calibration by measuring the standard
impact energy (e.g. 2.207 Nm) each and every impact. Life
Expectancy p p g The impact spring in a conventional rebound hammer
is good for around 5000 impacts before it needs replacing. The life
expectancy of the impact spring in the SilverSchmidt has been
increased to >10000 impacts.
10 000 >10000(We have example of hammers lasting up to 15000
and even 19000 impacts!)7 2008 Proceq | 27.07.2009
Impact CounterBENEFITS -
The SilverSchmidt has an integrated impact counter which enables
the user to know exactly how many impacts have been made with the
hammer. It also serves as an identifier for each test series which
can be used with reports. With a conventional rebound hammer, the
user has no way of accurately knowing how many i impacts have b t h
been made with th d ith the hammer. This makes it difficult to plan
a maintenance routine.
Impact count
Compressive strength for the series
Impact counter identifies a measurement series in the review
mode of the Silver Schmidt
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USB ConnectorBENEFITS -
Connection to any PC for reporting and quick printing has been
simplified by the inclusion of a standard USB connector and driver
software. This makes it very easy to translate the y y data stored
on the SilverSchmidt into reports. The USB connector also enables
internet upgrades t th l t t firmware. d to the latest fi This
removes the requirement for paper rolls
Hammerlink Software Display
SilverSchmidt U type
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Integrated Regional Curves / StandardsBENEFITS Custom curve
implementation on hammer link.
SilverSchmidt automatically implement regional (e.g. Japanese)
standards for (e g rebound hammer testing. SilverSchmidt has the
advantage that a direct readout of compressive strength is p g
shown on the device. Maximum accuracy is obtained by the use of
custom curves. Again SilverSchmidt has the advantage as the custom
curves can be loaded directly onto the hammer.
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Low WeightBENEFITS -
The user friendliness of the SilverSchmidt has been improved by
a significant reduction in the weight of the unit when compared to
the Original Schmidt. The N/NR hammer is at least 70% heavier than
the SilverSchmidt. This is less tiring for the user.
600 g 1 026 1026 g
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Speed of measurementBENEFITS -
It is much faster to make a measurement series with the
SilverSchmidt SilverSchmidt. With the SilverSchmidt the results are
recorded automatically which means the user can simply continue
with making the py g impacts. This increases the speed of operation
on site.
SilverSchmidt ( 30s) Plunger must be locked and the reading must
be noted after each impact impact. Impact angle compensation and
manual check for outliers is required.
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Operating PrincipleTHEORY Rebound value = 75mmThe SilverSchmidt
has a revolutionary measuring technique to overcome the limitations
of the Rvalue. l The N-hammer measures the R-value which is the
distance the hammer mass rebounds following and impact. The R-value
is ff t d b Th R l i affected by gravity and f i ti on it d
friction the guide-rod.
R= 100
The SilverSchmidt measures the quotient of rebound (Q-Value)
similar to the Equotip method and not the travel of the hammer mass
following an impact. Rather it is a comparison of the energy just
before and just after the impact.
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Original Schmidt Operation Principle R-value
Initial position (at Rest)
1Mass
Pawl 2
Preparation phase
Impact spring
Compression spring
Loading phase7 13 11
3
R
Impact Rebound
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SilverSchmidt Operation Principle Q-value
Impact spring
Pawl P l
Initial position p (at Rest)Photodiode position Mass Compression
spring
Loading phase
Impact Rebound715 2008 Proceq | 27.07.2009
Impact velocity Rebound velocity
Energy (restored) Q = 100x Energy (impact)
Profometer 5+Proceqs Rebar Detection System For a user friendly,
compact and accurate user-friendly way to detect reinforcement bars
and mesh, to measure their cover depth and determine the bar
diameter, , Profometer 5+ is simply the best solution
available!
Memory Display Interface Software Batteries B tt i
Non-volatile memory for 40000 measured values LCD with backlight
option RS232 or with adapter for USB port on PC ProVista for
downloading data and evaluation on PC 6 x 1 5 V f 45 h operation;
30 h with b kli ht on 1.5 for ti ith backlight16
2008 Proceq | 27.07.2009
Profometer 5+ Main ComponentsDisplay unit ScanCar Universal
probe p Less sensitive to electrical fields fluctuations in
temperature
Measuring process: eddy current with pulse induction 2008 Proceq
| 27.07.2009
For functions with displacement measurement
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Profometer Measurement Method - 1
During scanning the signals are analyzed by the instrument and
corresponding information is p g indicated on the LCD.
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Profometer Measurement Method - 2
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Measurement of concrete cover depth
The signal value is converted to a cover value in [mm].
signal strength
The accuracy of the reading can be improved by setting the bar
diameter.
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Accuracy of the cover depth measurement Profometer 5+ has two
detection ranges: : Bar diameter in mm #: Bar diameter in Bar size
# : ---: Lowest accuracy limit required by the standard BS 1881:
Part 204: 2 mm or 5 % PROFOMETER 5+ measures up to 50 % more
accurately than required by this standard. The accuracy of the
concrete cover indication refers to individual bars.
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Profometer 5+ Resolution
magnetic field
The resolution defines how close together the bars can be and
still allow a measurement.
The spacing between the bars determines the maximum depth at
which bars of a specific diameter can be distinguished. This is for
parallel bars in the same layer. e.g. In order to distinguish a
10mm diameter bar at a depth of 100mm, the bar spacing has to be at
least 125mm when measuring on the large range.22
2008 Proceq | 27.07.2009
Determining the bar diameter Locate and mark the rebar grid.
Place probe directly over a bar with sufficient spacing and press
the up arrow to record the bar diameter. diameter The influence of
neighbouring parallel bars can be corrected using neighbouring bar
correction. Profometer 5+ allows 2-layer correction.23 2008 Proceq
| 27.07.2009
Calibration of the equipment
The calibration of the instrument remains unchanged, i.e. a
re-calibration is not required. req ired A simple check can be
carried out by use of a Test Block Test Block
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Model SCANLOG
Same display unit, but more functions
The Scanlog model allows the arrangement of rebars to be mapped
out.
Display of concrete cover of a large area
Probe attached to ScanCar
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ProVista Function CyberScan with ScanlogData Transfer & D t
T f Processing with ProVista, allows a representation of the p grid
to be displayed showing the cover by means of a colour code.
code
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ProVista Measurement with Grid Function - Model SCANLOGData
Transfer & D t T f Processing with ProVista, allows a large
areas to be g displayed showing the cover by means of a colour
code.
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Overview of Major Selling Features Profoscope pUnique Mid-Point
Detection Fully Integrated Handheld Device Real Time Bar Detection
Differential Measuring Technology based on Pulse Induction Method
Interactive Bar Searching Aid Supports European, Americas and Asian
Markets Complies with the BS1881:204 Standard28 2008 Proceq |
27.07.2009
Control Unit 4 Buttons Profoscope pPower on / off
Function
Zeroing
Navigation Keys
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Sight, Sound and Intelligence Profoscope pCenter line
Display Piezoceramic Sounder
LED Indicator Measurement Centre
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Icon Settings Menu Profoscope p
Measuring M i Range
Bar B Diameter
Audio A di Settings
Regional R i l Settings
Minimum Mi i Cover
Neighboring N i hb i Bar Correction
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Display Measuring Screen Profoscope p
Range active
Default Bar Diameter
Measuring Unit
Battery Status
Bar Diameter Rebar Position
Centerline
Cover Value
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Searching for Rebars Profoscope p
Arrows indicate proximity of rebars off screen off-screen
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Rebar has been Centered p Profoscope
Diameter Estimation
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Profoscope detection techniqueCover Diameter Displacement
long range short range
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Distinguish between balanced Situations
Moving toward Bar
Moving toward Midpoint
Signal from Bars
Scope from right Arrow up
Scope from left Arrow up
Display
Scope from left Arrow down
Scope from righ Arrow down
Arrow undefined
Arrow undefined
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Distinguish between balanced Situations
Crossing a rebar
Crossing a midpoint
Signal from Bars
Scope from right Arrow up
Scope moves left Arrow down
Display
Scope from left Arrow down
Scope moves right Arrow up
Arrow undefined
Arrow undefined
37 2008 Proceq | 27.07.2009
Canin+Canin+ Corrosion Analyzing Instrument Corrosion potential
application: accurate field potential measurements aid in detecting
corrosion in rebars. Concrete resistivity application: the
instrument measures the electrical resistivity of concrete.
Potential Measurement Memory Range Batterie non-volatile non
volatile memory for up to 235000 235 000 measurements 999 mV Six LR
6 batteries, 1.5 V for up to 60 h (or 30 h with backlight)38 2008
Proceq | 27.07.2009
Resistance Measurement non-volatile non volatile memory for up
to 5 800 measurements 5800 0 to 99 kcm Six LR 6 batteries, 1.5 V
for up to 40 h (or 20 h with backlight)
Corrosion of rebars in concrete
Reinforced concrete will invariably be subjected to a corrosion
process that ultimately leads to a total failure of the structure.
The concrete cover can be evaluated by testing permeability,
resistivity, concrete surface cohesion, carbonation depth and
chloride content. The reinforcement condition is evaluated by
measuring rebar thickness, arrangement, cover and using the
half-cell potential method.
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CANIN+ Measurement Principle
Under normal conditions reinforcement steel is protected from
corrosion by a thin, passive film of hydrated iron oxide. (Rust!)
This passive film is decomposed due to the reaction of the concrete
with atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) (carbonation), or by the
penetration of substances aggressive to steel, above a critical
concentration, in particular chlorides from de-icing salt or salt
water. At the anode ferrous ions (Fe++) are dissolved ( ) and
electrons are set free. These electrons drift through the steel to
the cathode, where, together with the generally available water and
oxygen, they form hydroxide (OH-). This principle creates a
potential difference that can be measured by the half-cell
method.
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Half-cell MethodThe basic idea of the potential p field
measurement is to measure the potentials at the concrete surface,
in order to get a characteristic picture of the state of corrosion
of the steel surface within the concrete. For this purpose a
reference electrode is connected via a high-impedance voltmeter (in
the case of the system CANIN R = 10 MW) to the steel reinforcement
and is moved in a grid over the concrete surface. The reference
electrode of the CANIN system is a Cu/CuSO4halfcell. It consists of
a copper rod immersed in a saturated copper sulphate solution,
which maintains a constant, known potential. potential
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How does it look on site?
Connection to the rebar
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Typical resultsTypical orders of magnitude for the half-cell
potential of steel in concrete measured half cell against a
Cu/CuSO4- reference electrode are in the following range (RILEM TC
154EMC): - water saturated concrete without O2: -1000 to -900 mV -
moist, chloride contaminated concrete: -600 to -400 mV - moist,
chloride free concrete: -200 to +100 mV - moist, carbonated
concrete: -400 t +100 mV i t b t d t 400 to V - dry, carbonated
concrete: 0 to +200 mV - dry, non-carbonated concrete: 0 to +200
mV
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CANIN+ ProVista
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DynaDyna Pull-Off TesterTo check the quality of adhesion and
adhesive strength of different materials (concrete, (concrete
plaster work coatings color etc ) work, coatings, color, etc.)
depending on customer specifications. To check the surface strength
of concrete and other materials d th t i l
Z6 Tensile Force Permissible Stroke Display device 6 kN 4.0 mm
-
Z16 16 kN 3.5 mm
Z6E 6 kN 4.0 mm
Z16E 16 kN 3.5 mm
With non-volatile memory for up to 1000 measured values
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Dynameter Test ProcedureStep St 1 R Requires a specialized d ill
bit or coring t l t cut a circular groove t i i li d drill i tool
to t i l to match the size of the dolly down to the substrate
material (typically concrete) This step is required to define the
measuring surface accurately.
Step 2 - Stick the dolly to the surface using a standard
epoxy-based adhesive.
Step 3 Connect the dynameter to the dolly ensuring a
perpendicular connection and apply force until the dolly is
pulled-off. The force applied is given in kN or lbf. The strength
on a 50 mm dolly is given in N/mm2 or psi psi.
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Appropriate Test Method with Test Disc
DIA 20mm
DIA 50 mm Coring down to the substrate Area 6.25 larger and
defined
Without coring Area of stress distribution not clearly
defined
Coring especially important for fibre-reinforced coatings47 2008
Proceq | 27.07.2009
Interpretation of Test Results
Test disc Adhesive Coating Substrate Failure at Adhesive/
Coating Coating Coating/ Substrate Substrate
3.1 MPaExpected results: Tensile strength of concrete 2.7 to 4.1
MPa (about 8 to 12% of fc) For adhesive can be less, 1.0 to 2
MPa
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Adhesion Test Procedure
DYNA ZWith display unit ...
With manometer on the unit Important! Axis of pull rod
perpendicular to the surface 2008 Proceq | 27.07.2009
..for a controlled rate of load increase with flow bar and
pacemaker
49
Standards for DYNA Z .. Pull Off Tester
ISO 4624 EN 1015-12 (for mortar of brick work) EN 1348 EN 1607
(for insulation material) BS 1881 part 207 DIN 1048 part 2 ZTV SIB
90 ASTM D 4541 ACI 503 30 SIA 2002 NF P 18-853 Test procedure of
IGE und IBF1999 (for DYNA ESTRICH) SIA 281/2 (for Peel-strength
Tester DYNA F250)50
International Europe Europe Europe Great Britain Germany Germany
G USA USA Switzerland France Germany Switzerland
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TorrentTorrent Permeability Tester The permeability of concrete
at the surface has been recognized as a major factor in determining
the durability of concrete structures. t t t Fast, reliable and
non-destructive measurement of the permeability of concrete
structures are able with Proceqs Torrent.Memory Software Batteries
Vacuum Connection Non-volatile memory for 200 measured objects
Integrated for printing out measured objects and transmission to PC
Six 1.5 V, LR 6 batteries for 60 h operation small flange 16 KF
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DurabilityThe durability of a concrete structure relies on
protective performance of a thin superficial layer of concrete
(cover concrete, concrete) Covercrete. This layer protects the
reinforcement from corrosion caused by carbonation or the ingress
of chlorides etc.
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Permeability - Theoretical Aspects
Acceptance criteria for p hardened concrete still based almost
exclusively on compressive strength
Permeability of Covercrete: Recognized as a major factor in
determining the durability of concrete structures.
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Components of the Instrument
Vacuum cell
Regulator unit
Note! For operation a vacuum pump is also required. This is NOT
part of the standard scope of supply. It can be supplied as an
optional accessory accessory.54 2008 Proceq | 27.07.2009
Measuring Principle
Vacuum Pump
Display Unit
Regulator Unit
Display UnitVacuum Cell
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Two-chamber vacuum cellThe two-chamber vacuum cell and pressure
regulator ensures airflow at right angles to the surface into inner
chamber. This permits the calculation of the permeability
co-efficient kT. Note! The thickness of the concrete under test
must be greater th t than L. L
1 Pressure in inner chamber, pi 2 Pressure in outer chamber, po
3 Air flow to the outer chamber 4 Air flow to the inner chamber L
Depth of vacuum penetration56 2008 Proceq | 27.07.2009
TicoTico Ultrasonic InstrumentThe pulse velocity in a material
depends on its density and its elastic properties, which in turn
are related to the quality and the compressive strength of the
material. material It is therefore possible to obtain information
about the properties of components by sonic investigations: U if
Uniformity of the concrete it f th t Cavities, cracks, defects due
to fire and frost Modulus of elasticity (general indication only) g
Concrete strengthInterface Measurment Range Battery Batter RS 232
or with adapter to USB ~15 to 6550 s Six Si LR 6, 1.5 V (30 h
operation) 6 1557 2008 Proceq | 27.07.2009
Recommendations for measurement of velocity of ultrasonic pulses
in concrete The TICO and the following presentation is based on EN
12504-4, August 2004 , gIs based on BS 1881 part 203
(American Standard ASTM C597 is
less comprehensive)
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Principle of measurement
Measuring of the time elapsed for the ultrasonic wave to travel
from one transducer to the other (by the instrument) Measuring of
the distance between the transducers ( (accurate p please) )
Calculating of the sound velocity vc (by Instrument)
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Main Applications
Measuring of the evenness of the concrete quality g q y
Estimation of concrete compressive strength fc Measuring of
concrete depth Detection of hollow parts / Damages (with TICO only
partly possible) Indication of E-Modulus and Poissons Ratio (With
TICO only general Indication possible, resp. possible resp
calculated from velocity
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Measuring Arrangement
direct di t
indirect i di t
semi-direct
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Thank You
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