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Essentially the examination procedure takes a full description
of the process, systematicallyquestions every part of it to
discover how deviations from the intention of the design canoccur
and decides whether these deviations can give rise to hazards .The
questioning is focused in turn on every part of the design. Each
part is subjected to anumber of questions formulated around a
number of guide words which are derived frommethod study
techniques. In effect, the guide words are used to ensure that the
questions,which are posed to test the integrity of each part of the
design, will explore every conceivableway in which that design
could deviate from the design intention . This usually produces
anumber of theoretical deviations and each deviation is then
considered to decide how it could
be caused and what would be the consequences .
Deviations: These are departure from the intension which are
discovered by systematicallyapplying the guide words.
There is need of synergic thinking from the very conceptual
stage to avoid contradictions in
the installation.
ire is one of the major risks in every walk of life. !e must
protect our self against ire
ha"ard by adhering to the instructions#laws while at home or
otherwise.
$pending money and worrying for aesthetics could be important
and understood but not at the
cost of ire safety%&revention and &rotection.
• The fundamental principle %'&rotector must be protected
first( should not be
ignored.• The cost of basic fire protection system is just less
than ) % * + of the total
infrastructure cost and is worth spending.• $pending on
aesthetics is important but not at the cost of ire safety
%&revention
and &rotection.
Intention: The intention defines how the part is expected to
operate. This can take a number of forms and can be either
descriptive or diagrammatic. In many cases it will be a flow
sheetor line diagram.
Causes: These are the reasons why deviations might occur. nce a
deviation has been shownto have a conceivable or realistic cause,
it can be treated as meaningful.
Consequences: These are the results of the deviations.
Hazards: These are consequences which can cause damage, injury
or loss.
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Guide Words: These are simple words which are used to qualify
the intention in order toguide and stimulate the creative thinking
process and so discover deviations. - list of guidewords is given
in table below
GuideWordsMeanings Comments
/ or / TThe complete negation of these intentions
/o part of the intentions is achieved bynothing else happens0
1E2uantitative increases or decreasesThese refer to quantities 3
properties such asflow rates and temperatures as well as
activities like 45E-T6 and 41E-7T68E$$-$ !E88-$- qualitative
increase-ll the design and operating intentions areachieved
together with some additionalactivity&-1T - qualitative
decrease
nly some of the intensions are achieved9some are not1E:E1$EThe
logical opposite of the intentionThis is mostly applicable to
activities, for example reverse flow or chemical reaction. Itcan
also be applied to substances, e.g.4& I$ /6 instead of 4-/TI;
TE6 or 4;6instead of 486 optical isomers
T5E1 T5-/7omplete substitution
/o part of the original intention is achieved.
$omething quite different happens.2. Team Composition:5a"ard and
perability $tudies are normally carried out by multi
