Concepts:Concepts:Types of Bonds Among Types of Bonds Among

Liquids and SolidsLiquids and Solids

By:By:

I SchnizzleI Schnizzle

OverviewOverview

In this powerpoint I’ll be talking about the In this powerpoint I’ll be talking about the types of bonds that liquids and solids can types of bonds that liquids and solids can make depending on the type of compound make depending on the type of compound they are.they are.

There are three major types of There are three major types of intermolecular forces: Dipole-dipole intermolecular forces: Dipole-dipole Forces, London Dispersion Forces, and Forces, London Dispersion Forces, and Hydrogen Bonds.Hydrogen Bonds.

Intermolecular ForcesIntermolecular Forces

Intermolecular Forces are attractive forces Intermolecular Forces are attractive forces between molecules.between molecules.Intramoecular Forces are forces that hold Intramoecular Forces are forces that hold atoms together within a molecule.atoms together within a molecule.These two forces are very often confused These two forces are very often confused with one another since they sound similar with one another since they sound similar but just remember that inter is between will but just remember that inter is between will intra is within so naturally intra will be intra is within so naturally intra will be stronger than inter.stronger than inter.

Intermolecular Forces:Intermolecular Forces:Van der Waals Forces Van der Waals Forces

There are two types of Van der Waals There are two types of Van der Waals Forces and these are Dipole-Dipole and Forces and these are Dipole-Dipole and London Dispersion forces.London Dispersion forces.The difference between these two types of The difference between these two types of forces is that Dipole-Dipole involves forces is that Dipole-Dipole involves neutral, polar molecules. neutral, polar molecules. The forces between the positive and The forces between the positive and negative ends of a molecule are held negative ends of a molecule are held together with a dipole-dipole (d-d) force.together with a dipole-dipole (d-d) force.

Intermolecular Forces:Intermolecular Forces:Van der Waals Forces Cont’Van der Waals Forces Cont’

Since polarity is involved with d-d forces the Since polarity is involved with d-d forces the greater the polarity the more the d-d attraction greater the polarity the more the d-d attraction creating such things as higher melting and creating such things as higher melting and boiling points, even though the attractions are boiling points, even though the attractions are relatively weak within d-d forces.relatively weak within d-d forces.

Substances that experience D-D forces are Substances that experience D-D forces are usually gases or liquids at room temperature.usually gases or liquids at room temperature.

London Dispersion Forces are those that involve London Dispersion Forces are those that involve neutral, nonpolar molecules.neutral, nonpolar molecules.

Intermolecular Forces:Intermolecular Forces:Van der Waals Forces Cont’Van der Waals Forces Cont’

These London Dispersion (L-D) forces are very These London Dispersion (L-D) forces are very weak in nature and occur because of the weak in nature and occur because of the random shifting and motion of electrons on random shifting and motion of electrons on atoms within a given molecule.atoms within a given molecule.Since the L-D forces rely on electrons there can Since the L-D forces rely on electrons there can be at some instances a split second of time be at some instances a split second of time where a dipole moment occurs such as when where a dipole moment occurs such as when more electrons are on one side of an atom than more electrons are on one side of an atom than the other.the other.Also because of the reliance on electrons L-D Also because of the reliance on electrons L-D forces are naturally stronger when there are forces are naturally stronger when there are more electrons on an atom.more electrons on an atom.

Intermolecular Forces:Intermolecular Forces:Van der Waals Forces Cont’Van der Waals Forces Cont’

These L-D forces are very weak however These L-D forces are very weak however and so even though they might be and so even though they might be stronger with the more electrons there are stronger with the more electrons there are their melting and boiling points are still their melting and boiling points are still very low.very low.Finally, since these points are so low Finally, since these points are so low these substances that experience L-D these substances that experience L-D forces are usually gases at room forces are usually gases at room temperature.temperature.

Hydrogen BondsHydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen bonds are the last major type of Hydrogen bonds are the last major type of Intermolecular forces and are by far the Intermolecular forces and are by far the strongest.strongest.Like d-d forces hydrogen bonds involve the Like d-d forces hydrogen bonds involve the positively charged end of one molecule to be positively charged end of one molecule to be attracted to the negatively charged side of attracted to the negatively charged side of another molecule.another molecule.The difference among the two forces is that the The difference among the two forces is that the negatively charged end of the other molecule is negatively charged end of the other molecule is one that is extremely electronegative such as one that is extremely electronegative such as N,O, or F.N,O, or F.

Hydrogen BondsHydrogen Bonds

The reason that they Hydrogen bonds are that The reason that they Hydrogen bonds are that much stronger than their similar d-d bonds is much stronger than their similar d-d bonds is that once the H atom releases its lone electron that once the H atom releases its lone electron to the bond the nucleus is left unshielded.to the bond the nucleus is left unshielded.

This causes the bond to be very strong and This causes the bond to be very strong and allows for substances that have hydrogen bonds allows for substances that have hydrogen bonds like water to have higher melting and boiling like water to have higher melting and boiling points than other substances that have d-d points than other substances that have d-d forces instead.forces instead.

ConclusionConclusion

Dipole-Dipole= forces between neutral, polar Dipole-Dipole= forces between neutral, polar molecules. Not very strongmolecules. Not very strong

London Dispersion forces= forces between London Dispersion forces= forces between neutral, nonpolar molecules. Weaker than the neutral, nonpolar molecules. Weaker than the Dipole-Dipole forces.Dipole-Dipole forces.

Hydrogen Bonds- forces like Dipole-Dipole Hydrogen Bonds- forces like Dipole-Dipole except the negatively charged end of one except the negatively charged end of one molecule is very electronegative like N,O, or F. molecule is very electronegative like N,O, or F. Strong bond since nucleus is left unshielded. Strong bond since nucleus is left unshielded.

And that’s all she And that’s all she WroteWrote

Shout out to my juniors:Shout out to my juniors:

Canada, Dani, Tony, Mike, and JamesCanada, Dani, Tony, Mike, and James

Hi to you to Kaiye (if I spelled that right) Hi to you to Kaiye (if I spelled that right) and of courseand of course

SANDRA OH BABY!??!?!SANDRA OH BABY!??!?!