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CONCEPTS OF RADIOLOGIC SCIENCE
Mass and
Energy
Mass is a measure of the amount of matter contained in
or constituting a physical body
Energy is the capacity or power to do work, such as the capacity
to move an object (of a given mass) by the
application of force. Energy can exist in a variety of forms
ENERGY TYPES:
• POTENTIAL
• KINETIC
• CHEMICAL
• ELECTRICAL
• NUCLEAR
• THERMAL
• ELECTROMAGNETIC
POTENTIAL ENERGY
KINETIC ENERGY
KINETIC VS POTENTIAL
Energy can not be destroyed or created !!!
It can be transformed from one form to another
CHEMICAL ENERGY
THERMAL ENERGY
ELECTRICAL ENERGY
NUCLEAR ENERGY
NUCLEAR ENERGY
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
MEMBERS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM
ENERGY TRANSFERELECTRICAL TO
ELECTROMAGNETIC (LIGHT)
ENERGY TRANSFERMECHANICAL TO ELECTRICAL
RADIATION IS THE TRANSFER OF ENERGY
IONIZATION PROCESS
REMOVAL OF AN ELECTRON FROM AN ATOM
Ionization
SOURCES OF IONIZING RADIATION
• COSMIC
• TERRESTRIAL
• INTERNAL
• MEDICAL X-RAYS
• NUCLEAR MEDICINE
• CONSUMER PRODUCTS
• NUCLEAR POWER---INDUSTRIAL
NATURAL ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION
• COSMIC
• TERRESTRIAL
• INTERNAL
COSMIC
TERRESTRIAL
INTERNAL
POTASSIUM 40
MAN MADE IONIZING RADIATION
SOURCES
• MEDICAL X-RAYS
• NUCLEAR MEDICINE
• CONSUMER PRODUCTS
• NUCLEAR POWER---INDUSTRIAL
THE CONTRIBUTION OF VARIOUS SOURCES TO THE AVERAGE US
POPULATION RADIATION DOSE
RADON THE LARGEST SOURCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIATION
RADON MOVEMENT
RADON EMITS ALPHA PARTICLE
RADON INTERNAL EXPOSURE
RADON EXTERNAL EXPOSURE
NOVEMBER 8, 1895 ROENTGEN DISCOVERED X-RAYS IN HIS
LAB IN WURZBURG GERMANY
ROENTGEN EXPERIMENTED WITH CATHODE RAYS USING THE
CROOKE’S TUBE
CROOKE’S TUBE
RADIOGRAPH OF Mrs. ROENTGEN
EARLY DAYS OF RADIOLOGY
CONVENTIONAL RADIOGRAPHY
PRODUCES STATIC IMAGES
FLUOROSCOPY
PRODUCES DYNAMIC IMAGES
FLUOROSCOPE WAS INVENTED BY THOMAS
EDISON
FIRST X-RAY FATILITY IN THE US
CLARENCE DALLY
LESIONS OF THE FINGERS
CLARENCE DALLY
RADIOLOGY EMERGED AS MEDICAL SPECIALTY BECAUSE OF THE COOLIDGE TUBE AND THE SNOOK TRANSFORMER
COMPONENTS OF X-RAY TUBE
OTHER INVENTIONS IN RADIOLOGY
INTENSIFYING SCREENS
COLLIMATION
FILTRATION
DOUBLE EMULSION FILM
RADIOLOGY IS NOW CONSIDERED SAFE
OCCUPATION
ALARA
AS LOW AS REASONABLY ACHIEVABLE
METHODS OF MINIMIZING EXPOSURE TO THE RT AND PATIENT
• FILTRATION
• COLLIMATION
• INTENSIFYING SCREENS
• PROTECTIVE APPAREL
• SHIELDING
• PROTECTIVE BARRIERS
COLLIMATION
FILTRATION
INTENSIFYING SCREENS
PROTECTIVE APPAREL
GONADAL SHIELDING
GENERAL SHIELDING
PROTECTIVE BARRIERS
FLUOROSCOPY OF THE HORSE
NO SHIELDING??????
RADIOLOGY TODAY