Concept of Percentage

7/29/2019 Concept of Percentage

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1. Concept of Percentage:

By a certain percent, we mean that many hundredths.

Thus, xpercent means xhundredths, written as x%.

To express x% as a fraction: We have, x% =x

.100

Thus, 20% =20

=1.

100 5

To expressa

as a percent: We have,a

=a

x 100%.

b b b

Thus,1

=1

x 100%

= 25%.4 4

2. Percentage Increase/Decrease:

If the price of a commodity increases by R%, then the reduction in consumption so as not to

increase the expenditure is:

Rx 100

%(100 + R)

If the price of a commodity decreases by R%, then the increase in consumption so as not to

decrease the expenditure is:

Rx 100

%(100 - R)

3. Results on Population:

Let the population of a town be P now and suppose it increases at the rate of R% per annum, then:

1. Population after n years = P 1 +R n

100

2. Population n years ago =

P

1 +R n

100

4. Results on Depreciation:

Let the present value of a machine be P. Suppose it depreciates at the rate of R% per annum. Then:

1. Value of the machine after n years = P 1 -R n

100

2. Value of the machine n years ago = P


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1 -R n

100

3. If A is R% more than B, then B is less than A byR

x 100%.

(100 + R)

4. If A is R% less than B, then B is more than A byR

x 100%.(100 - R)


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1. A batsman scored 110 runs which included 3 boundaries and 8 sixes. What percent of his total score did

he make by running between the wickets?

A. 45% B. 455

%11

C. 546

%11

D. 55%

Answer & Explanation

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

Number of runs made by running = 110 - (3 x 4 + 8 x 6)

= 110 - (60)

= 50.

Required percentage =50

x 100% = 45

5%110 11

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2. Two students appeared at an examination. One of them secured 9 marks more than the other and his

marks was 56% of the sum of their marks. The marks obtained by them are:

A. 39, 30 B. 41, 32

C. 42, 33 D. 43, 34


Answer: Option C

Explanation:
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Let their marks be (x+ 9) and x.

Then, x+ 9 =56

(x+ 9 + x)100

25(x+ 9) = 14(2x+ 9)

3x= 99

x= 33

So, their marks are 42 and 33.


3. A fruit seller had some apples. He sells 40% apples and still has 420 apples. Originally, he had:

A. 588 apples B. 600 apples

C. 672 apples D. 700 apples


Answer: Option D

Explanation:

Suppose originally he had xapples.

Then, (100 - 40)% ofx= 420.

60x x= 420

100

x=420 x 100

= 700.60


4. What percentage of numbers from 1 to 70 have 1 or 9 in the unit's digit?

A. 1 B. 14

C. 20 D. 21


Answer: Option C

Explanation:

Clearly, the numbers which have 1 or 9 in the unit's digit, have squares that end in the digit 1. Such
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numbers from 1 to 70 are 1, 9, 11, 19, 21, 29, 31, 39, 41, 49, 51, 59, 61, 69.

Number of such number =14

Required percentage =14

x 100

% = 20%.

70


5. If A = x% ofyand B = y% ofx, then which of the following is true?

A. A is smaller than B. B. A is greater than B

C.Relationship between A and B cannot be

determined.D.

Ifx is smaller than y, then A is greater

than B.

E. None of these


Answer: Option E

Explanation:

% ofy=x

x y =y

x x = y% ofx100 100

A = B6. If 20% ofa = b, then b% of 20 is the same as:

A. 4% ofa B. 5% ofa

C. 20% ofa D. None of these


Answer: Option A

Explanation:

20% ofa = b20

a = b.100

b% of 20 =b

x 20 =20

a x1

x 20 =4

a = 4% ofa.100 100 100 100


7. In a certain school, 20% of students are below 8 years of age. The number of students above 8 years of

age is of the number of students of 8 years of age which is 48. What is the total number of students

in the school?


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A. 72 B. 80

C. 120 D. 150

E. 100


Answer: Option E

Explanation:

Let the number of students be x. Then,

Number of students above 8 years of age = (100 - 20)% ofx= 80% ofx.

80% ofx= 48 +2

of 48

380

= 80100

x= 100.


8. Two numbers A and B are such that the sum of 5% of A and 4% of B is two-third of the sum of 6% of A

and 8% of B. Find the ratio of A : B.

A. 2 : 3 B. 1 : 1

C. 3 : 4 D. 4 : 3


Answer: Option D

Explanation:

5% of A + 4% of B =2

(6% of A + 8% of B)3

5A +

4B =

2 6A +

8B

100 100 3 100 100

1A +

1B =

1A +

4B

20 25 25 751

-1

A =

4-

1

B20 25 75 25

1A =

1B

100 75A

=100

=4.

B 75 3
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Required ratio = 4 : 3


9.A student multiplied a number by

3instead of

5.

5 3

What is the percentage error in the calculation?

A. 34% B. 44%

C. 54% D. 64%


Answer: Option D

Explanation:

Let the number be x.

Then, error =5

-3

=16

.3 5 15

Error% =16x

x3

x 100% = 64%.

15 5x


10. In an election between two candidates, one got 55% of the total valid votes, 20% of the votes were

invalid. If the total number of votes was 7500, the number of valid votes that the other candidate got,

was:

A. 2700 B. 2900

C. 3000 D. 3100


Answer: Option A

Explanation:

Number of valid votes = 80% of 7500 = 6000.

Valid votes polled by other candidate = 45% of 6000

=45

x 6000 = 2700


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Concept of Percentage