Concept of God in Major Religions - Noahdiscoverquran.com/languages/burmese/my_Concept_of... · Concept of God in Major Religions Edited by Maulawi Muhammad Yasinn Bin Badi-ul-Huseinn

urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;ESifhudk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq

In the Name of Allah,the Most Gracious,the Most Merciful.

tvGefw&moem;Muifem n§mwmawmfrlaom?tvGefw&moem;Muifem n§mwmawmfrlaom?tvGefw&moem;Muifem n§mwmawmfrlaom?tvGefw&moem;Muifem n§mwmawmfrlaom?tvGefw&moem;Muifem n§mwmawmfrlaom?

txl;oem;awmfrlaom?txl;oem;awmfrlaom?txl;oem;awmfrlaom?txl;oem;awmfrlaom?txl;oem;awmfrlaom?

tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\emrawmfjzifhtpjyKygtHh/tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\emrawmfjzifhtpjyKygtHh/tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\emrawmfjzifhtpjyKygtHh/tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\emrawmfjzifhtpjyKygtHh/tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\emrawmfjzifhtpjyKygtHh/

1

q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if;

B.A(Geo;), B. Ed, M.Ed, Ph.D (Edn)(Tsukuba University, Janpan),Diploma in Daiyah (Al-Azahar)

2

��ر ا��

�� ا د�ن ا��

ــ�� ـ

ا�آ��ر ذاآ�

��ــ�

ــ� ــ�م � ــ� و � را

ــ� ا��ــ�� ــ� � ــ�� ــ ــ�ي ��

�� ا�� ا��آ��رة �


6

urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;

ESif hESif hESif hESif hESif h

udk;uG,f&mt½Sift,ltqudk;uG,f&mt½Sift,ltqudk;uG,f&mt½Sift,ltqudk;uG,f&mt½Sift,ltqudk;uG,f&mt½Sift,ltq

pDpOfwnf;jzwfol

armfv0Drk[r®'f,mpD;efAifefA'D;vftGvf[lpdkifef

usrf;jyKol

urÇmausmfokawoDBuD;a'gufwmZmud&fEdkufcf

Ouú|? tpövmrfhokawoeazmifa';&Sif;

rGefbdkif;NrdKU? tdEd,EdkifiH/

www.irf.net

bmomjyefqdkol


vufaxmufuxdu? oifjyenf;Xme?

&efukefynma&;wuúodkvf/

B.A(Geo;), B. Ed, M.Ed, Ph.D (Edn)(Tsukuba University, Janpan),

Diploma in Daiyah (Al-Azahar)

3


Concept of Godin

Major Religions

Edited byMaulawi Muhammad Yasinn Bin Badi-ul-Huseinn

AuthorDr. Zakir Naik

President, Islamic Research FoundationMumbai, India

www.irf.net

Translated byDr. Hla Hla Win

B.A(Geo;), B.Ed, MEd, Ph.D (Edn)(Tsukuba University, Japan),

Diploma in Daiyah (Al-Azahar, Yangon)

4


rmwdum

taMumif;t&m pmrsufESm

á rmwdum----------------------------------------------- 5

ápDpOfwnf;jzwfol\trSmpm------------------------------ 9

á bmomjyefqdkol\trSmpm------------------------------ 11

á bmomjyefqdkol\xyfqifhtrSmpm---------------------- 14

á ed'gef;---------------------------------------------------- 16

á urÇmht"dubmomBuD;rsm;tm;

trsKd;tpm;cGJjcm;jcif;------------------------------------ 18

á qD;rdkufbmomw&m;rsm;-------------------------------- 18

á qD;rdkufr[kwfaombmomw&m;rsm;-------------------- 18

á tm&d,efbmomw&m;rsm;------------------------------ 19

á tm&d,efr[kwfaombmomw&m;rsm;------------------ 19

á bmomw&m;wdkif;wGif vufcHxm;aom

]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}qdkif&mtcdkifvkHqkH;aom

t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkcsuf-------------------------------------- 19

á [dE´LbmomwGifvufcHxm;aom

]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}--------------------------------------- 20

á [dE´LbmomwGifvufcHxm;aom

]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}[laomtodonm-------------------- 20

á b*0g*Dw----------------------------------------------- 22

á OyedoQ'f------------------------------------------------ 22

á a0'usrf;rsm;-------------------------------------------- 23

á ,m*sK;a0'------------------------------------------------ 23

á to&fAa0'---------------------------------------------- 25

á &pf*fa0'-------------------------------------------------- 25

á [dELa0'EÅ& ESifh jA[®okw&------------------------------ 28

á qpf(cf)bmomwGifvufcHxm;aom

]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}[laomtodynm----------------------- 28

á qpf(cf)ESifh qpf(cf)0g'\teuft"dyÜg,f------------------- 28

5


á au(5)rsKd;------------------------------------------------- 28

á Mul-Mantra ac: qpf(cf)bmom\tajccH

,kHMunfcsuf----------------------------------------------- 29

á *k½kemewf(cf)onf ubD;&f\vTrf;rdk;rIcH&jcif;--------------- 30

á Zdk½kdtufpx&d,ef0g'wGifvufcH,kHMunfxm;

aom ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}[laomtoddonm---------------- 31

á 'gpm&D,musrf;t&]udk;uG,ft&mt&Sif}\

*kPfawmfrsm;(t&nftaoG;rsm;)--------------------------- 32

á *sK;bmomwGifvufcHxm;onfh

]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}[laomtodonm---------------------- 32

á c&pf,mefbmomwGifvufcHxm;onfh

]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}[laom todonm--------------------- 34

á a,½Ic&pfawmf(u)tm;apvGwfjcif;--------------------- 36

á ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}uc&pfawmftm;apvGwfjcif;----------- 36

á emZ&ufrSocifa,½I

]bk&m;ocif\oabmwlvlom;}--------------------------- 37

á yxrynwfawmf

]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}onfwpfyg;wnf;om-------------------- - 38

á tpövmrfomoemwGifvufcHxm;aom

]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}[laomtodonm----------------------- 38

á ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}[laoma0g[m&twGuf

twdusqkH;aom t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfcsuf-------------------- 39

á ]pl&m[ftdcfvm;qGf}

bmoma&;,kHMunfrIqdkif&mavhvmrIynm&yf

twGufrSwfausmufjzpfjcif;--------------------------------- 40

á tpövmrfuajymaomvlom;bk&m;-------------------------- 40

á uREfkyfwdkYonfrnfodkYaom trnfemrrsm;jzifh

]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}udkac:qdkMuoenf;----------------------- 43

á ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}onfvlom;wpfOD;jzpfrvmjcif;----------- 44

á tjcm;vlom;wpfOD;tm;udk;uG,fjcif;onftusKd;r&Sd--------- 46

6


á ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}onfbk&m;rqefaomtjyKtrludk

jyKrnfr[kwf----------------------------------------------- 47

á ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}onftrSm;udkvkyfrnfr[kwfovdk

arhavsmhrnfvnf;r[kwf----------------------------------- 47

á bk&m;onf bk&m;qefpGmjyKrlrnf--------48

á zefqif;&Sifonfvrf;ñTefcsufvufqGJpmtkyfudk

toifhjyifqifxm;onf------------------------------------- 49

á tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf]owif;ay;rnfhwrefawmfrsm;}

udka&G;cs,fjcif;---------------------------------------------- 50

á rsufpduef;olrsm;ESifhem;yif;olrsm;--------------------------- 50

á ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}\*kPf&nfawmfrsm;---------------------- 51

á ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}\*kPf&nfawmfwdkif;onf

twkr&Sd?NydKifbufuif;aom*kPfawmfrsm;jzpf---------------- 52

á ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}\*kPfawmfwpfckonf

¤if;\tjcm;aom*kPfawmfrsm;ESifhuGJvGJ

qefYusifrIr&Sdoifhjcif;--------------------------------------- 53

á tm;vkH;aom*kPfawmfrsm;onfwpfqlwnf;

aom]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}udkñTefjyoifhjcif;--------------------- 54

á ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}onfwpfyg;wnf;jzpfjcif;----------------- 54

á tm;vkH;aombmomw&m;rsm;onftqkH;wGifwpfyg;

wnf;aom]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}tm;,kHMunfMujcif;------------ 56

á vlom;wdkYu ¤if;wdkYtusKd;twGufpmayusrf;*efrsm;udk

jyKjyifMujcif;------------------------------------------------ 56

á aomif[D;'f\t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkcsufESifhtrsKd;tpm;rsm;--------- 57

á aomif[D;'&f½lAlAD;,[f------------------------------------- 58

á aomif[D;'vftwfpfrm;tf0qGfqGdzm;of--------------------- 58

á aomif[D;'vftlvl[D;,[f(odkY)

aomif[D;'vftdAm'[f------------------------------------- 60

á &S&D;uf\t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkcsuf--------------------------------- 63

á &S&D;ufonftBuD;rm;qkH;aomtjypf------------------------- 63

7


á &S&D;ufonfi&JrD;odkYac:aqmifay;rnf--------------------- 64

á tv’m[ft&SifjrwfudkomvQifc0yfudk;uG,fjcif;?

emcHwnfaqmufjcif;tm;jyKvkyfoifhjcif;----------------------- 64

á ed*kH; -------------------------------------------------------- 65

á usrf;udk;---------------------------------------------------- 67

8


6

pDpOfwnf;jzwfol\trSmpm

csD;rGrf;jcif;taygif;wdkYonf tv’m[ft&SifjrwftzdkYom jzpfawmfrl\/

tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\aumif;csD;r*Fvm[lorQonf uREkfyfwdkY\ cspfvSpGmaom

eADwrefawmfrk[r®'f��tay:üvnf;aumif;? udk,fawmfjrwf\ tdrfawmfol?

tdrfawmfom;rsm;tay:üvnf;aumif;?udk,fawmfjrwf,laqmifcJ honhf

,d'g,ofw&m; vrf;pOftay:üud,mrofaemufqkH;aeYwdkifatmifwnf&Sdrnfh

yk*¾KdvfrGef?yk*¾dKvfjrwfrsm;tay:üvnf;aumif;usa&mufygap aomf0f/

tvf[rf;'kvdv’m[f? tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\r[mu&kPmawmftm;jzifh

þpmwrf;ESifh tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\vrf;awmfüyg0if aqmif&GufcGifh&cJhayonf/

tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ rGefjrwfoefYpifaom aomif[D;'fw&m;udk jrefrmrIjyKonfh

þusrf;i,f\ tvkyftauR;jyKpkjcif;wGif yg0ifaqmif&GufcGifh&&Sdjcif;onf

tvGeftm;tifcsnfheJYoluRefawmftzdkY tvGefBuD;us,fjrifhjrwfawmfrlaom

tv’m[ft&Si f jrwf\cs D ; jri f hr Iyi f jzp favawmhonf/uRe fawmfwd k Y

\ywf0ef;usifwGif aomif[D;'fw&m;ESifhywfoufía&;om;jyKpkrI?jrefrmrIjyKrI?

a[majymydk YcsrIrSm tvGefyifenf;yg;aeayonf/aomif[D;'fw&m;onf

tpövmrf\ OD;acgif;jzpfonf/aomif[D;'frSefrS ESvkH;om;onfrSefuefvmayrnf/

ESvkH;om; rSefuefygrS usifhBuH?ajymqdk? usifhokH;rIrsm;vnf; rSefuefvmayvdrfh

rnf/þusrf;i,fonf rGwfpvifrftcsif;csif; 'tf0[f (tpövmrfh opömvrf;

odkYzdwfac:jcif;)wGifomru rGwfpvifrf r[kwfao;onfhyk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; 'tf0[f

jyK&mwGifvnf; tvGefyiftokH;0ifaomusrf;jzpfayvdrfhrnf/ trSefopömw&m;

udk qmavmifiwfrGwfvQuf&Sdonfhyk*¾dKvfrsm;twGufvnf; tNrdKufa&at;

wcGufjzpfayvdrfhrnf/

'Man adores the truth and justice' vlom;onf trSefw&m;ESif h

w&m;rQwrIudkESpfoufjrwfEkd;ayonf/xdk YaMumifh uREfkyfwdkYonfaomif[D;'f

(razmufjyefonfhopömw&m;)udk vlom;wdkif;\xHyg;odkYa&muf&Sd&ef enf;vrf;

rsm;pGmjzifh BudK;yrf;jcif;tm;jzifh tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ESpfNrdKUrIudk&SmazGMuwef&m

onf/q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if;\ jrefrmrIjyKxm;onfh þ ]urÇmh

t"dubmomw&m;rsm;ESifhudk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq} [laomusrf;i,fonf

ا�� و آ�� و ��م �� د ا�� ا��

9


jrefrmrGwfpvifrfpmayavmuwGif aomif[D;'fu@ü xl;jcm;aomtoGifjzifh

ay:xGufvmaom usrf;i,fwpfqljzpfayonf/xdkYjyif q&mrBuD; a'gufwm

vSvS0if;onf jrefrmrGwfpvifrf trsKd;orD;ynm½Sifrsm;twGif;rS yxrOD;qkH;aom

bmomjyefol trsKd;orD;ynm½Sif jzpfygonf/

tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf rl&if;jyKpkol urÇmausmf'gtDBuD;a'gufwm

Zmud&fEdkufcftm;vnf;aumif;? jrefrmrIjyKol q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if;

tm;vnf;aumif;? þpmtkyfjzpfajrmufa&;twGuf tzufzufrSwwfpGrff;orQ

yg0ifaqmif&Gufay;cJhMuaomyk*¾dKvfrsm;tm;vnf;aumif;? ESpfb0ESpfXmepvkH;wGif

aumif;jrwfvSonfh taumif;trGefudkcsD;jrifhay;oem;awmfrlygapaomf0f/

jrefrmrIjyKol q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if;tm;vnf; ¤if;\usef&Sdonfhoufwrf;

twGif;ü tv’m[ft&SifESpfNrdKUonfh usrf;*efrsm;udk jyKpka&;om;EkdifpGrf;?

jrefrmrIjyKEkdifpGrf;csD;jrifh ay;oem;awmfrlygapaomf0f/ þusrf;*eftm;taMumif;

jyKí tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf uREkfyfwdkYtm;vkH;tm; þrsufarSmufavmuü

oefY&Sif;pifMu,fonfh b0oufwrf;wpfck cs D; jrif hay;oem;awmfrlí

qGmvd[D;efolrGefolrGefjrwftwGif;ü oGwfoGif;awmfrlygapaomf0f/ xdkYjyif

aemifwrvGefb0üvnf; *sEéoftrwO,smOfbk Htm; vnf;aumif;?

tv’m[ft&Sifjrwftm;zl;jrif&jcif;wnf;[laom csrf;omokctm;vnf;

aumi f ;c s D ; jr §i f hay;oem;awm fr ly g/ * s[E ér f\r D ;ab; jyp f'Pfr S

vGwfuif;Ekdif&eft&SifjrwfxHckdvkHyg\/ tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ twdkif;tqr&Sd

teEÅ*½kPmawmftm;arQmfudk;vQuf

AE´m[farmfv0Drk[r®'f,mpD;efA'D;tGvf[lpdkifef

[pf*s&Douú&mZf(1429)ckESpf?qGz&fv(25)&uf

c&pfouú&mZf(2008)ckESpf?rwfv?(4)&uf

jrefrmouú&mZf(1369)ckESpf?wydkYwGJvjynfhausmf(12)&uf

10

þpmwrf;ygtaMumif;t&mrsm;ESifh ywfoufí tBuHjyKvdkonfjzpfap?

trSm;axmufjyvdkonfjzpfap? wpfpkHwpf&maqG;aEG;vdkonfjzpfap vlBuD;rif;wdkY

taeESifh Email: [email protected] vdyfpmjzifhpma&;om; ay;ydkY

Edkifygonf/ rnfonfh yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;wpfa,muf\ tqdkjyKcsuf? tBuHjyKcsufudkrqdk

av;pm;pGmjzifh BudKqdkvQuf&Sdygonf/


5

bmomjyefqdkol\trSmpm

rjywfrpJoem;Muifemawmfrlaom

teEÅaumif;csD;u½kPmawmf&Sifjzpfawmfrlaom

tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\emrawmfjzifh tpjyKygtHh/

twfpövmrktvdkif;uGef;rf

cspfpGmaom pm½Iol-Ô-

uREf kyfwk d Y\ acwfrDwkd;wufvSygonfqdkaom þurÇmBuD;wGif

odyÜHynmESifh ½kyfavmuonf puúefY? rdepfESifhtrQ ajymif;vJwkd;wuf vsuf&Sdae\/

odkUYaomf ,if;½kyfavmu tvGef&Sd emrfavmu(odkY) Spritual world \xl;jcm;tHhbG,f t&mrsm;um; ,aeYacwfodyÜHynmESifh &SmazGpl;prf;aomfvnf;

tenf;i,frQom em;vnfEd kifao;\/ vlom;\ arG;&mygADZpdwfwGif

pdk;&drfpdwf[lonf tjcm;aomudk,f&nfudk,faoG;qkdif&m t&nftcsif;rsm;ESifhtwl

arG;uwnf;uygvmay&m tm;udk;tm;xm;&SmwwfonfrSmvnf; vlYobm0yif

jzpfonf/

uREf kyfwk d Yi,fpOfuwnf;u ,cktxd wpfpH kwpfckaom pd k;&drf?

xdwfvefYbG,fjzpf&yfESifh BuHKawGU&ygu rodpdwfuyif ]]trav;}} ]]tv’m[f}}

]]bk&m;u,fyg}} ponfwdkYudk EIwfrS owdrjyKbJvsuf a&&GwfrdwwfMuonfudk

vlwkdif;owdjyK rdMurnfjzpfonf/ trav; (odkYr[kwf) atmifrav;[laom

tmar#dwfpum;rSm ]]tarav;}}[laompum;rS qif;oufvmNyD;? vlom;wkdif;\

rdcifay:tav;xm; tm;udk;rIudk jyovkd ]]tv’m[f}} ]]bk&m;}} ]]tv’m[fu,fyg}}

]]bk&m;u,fyg}} ponfjzifh a,mif;,rf;wrf;wrdonfrSmvnf; vlom;wkdY\

emrfydkif;qkdif&m pdwf0dnmOfwGif pGJvrf;aeaom ]]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}}tay:

tm;xm;rIudk xkwfazmfjyoaeayonf/

pma&;ol *syefEdkifiHwGifynmawmfoiftjzpfa&muf&SdcJhpOf umvu

urÇmha'otoD;oD;rS ausmif;olâusmif;om;rsm;? tvkyform;rsm;ESifh

awGYqHkcJh&mwGif 'Non-Believers' [kac:qkd&rnfh udk;uG,f&mt&Sifudk r,HkMunf

Muaom ]bmomw&m;rJh ol}trsm;tjym;ESifh awGYBuHKcJh&onf/ trSefpifppf

11


xdkbmomrJhol[k a<u;aMumfaeolrsm;yifvQif ¤if;wkYd\aeYpOfoHk; pum;rsm;wGif

]bk&m;}[ktrnfwyfrxm;aom tjcm;aomtm;xm;&mrsm;udk tm;udk;

tm;xm;jyKaeMu&onfudk awGUY&Sd&ayonf/ odkYaomf xl;jcm;onfhtcsufrSm

tqkdyg bk&m;rJh0g'Drsm;ESifh bmomw&m;wpfckudk aocsmpGmvufcH,HkMunfol

rsm;tMum;wGif 'Mental Peace' ac: pdwfykdif;qkdif&m Nidrf;csrf;rItqifhrSm vHk;0

uGmjcm;jcif;yifjzpfonf/ bk&m;rJh½kyf0g'Drsm;taeESifh jyóemwpf&yfESifh BuHKawGU

&vQif aqmufwnf&mr&jzpfwwfaomfvnf; bmomw&m;&Sdaom ]bk&m;&Sd0g'D}

rsm;taeESifh wnfNidrfat;csrf;pGm ajz&Sif;EdkifNyD;? þonfavmu"HudkcHEdkif&nf&Sdjcif;

yifjzpfonf/

wpfzef bmomw&m;vufcH udk;uG,fMuolrsm;Mum;wGif bk&m;qkdwm

tm;vHk;twlwlygbJ/ b,fbk&m;bJjzpfjzpf aumif;wmudkbJ vrf;ñTefwmbJ--

-ponfjzifh Common sense tjzpf]bk&m;qkdwm tm;vHk;twlwlyJ} [laom

tajymrsdK;? rSwfcsufrsdK;csavh? ajymqkdavh&SdwwfMuygonf/ odkYaomf pma&;ol

taeESifh b0ifrusonfhtcsufrSm urÇmwGif bmomw&m;rsm; rsm;pGm&SdMu

aomfvnf; ¤if;bmomtoD;oD;wGif vufcHowfrSwfxm;aom ]bk&m;}[laom

todonmrSm wpfckESifhwpfck rwlMuay/

pma&;oltaeESifh 'Dr.Zakir Naik" \ 'Concept of God In Major

Religions' [laom okawoe pmwrf;udk zwf½SLavhvmrdaomtcg pma&;ol\

b0ifruscJhaom pdwftpOfudk apwemtjzpf ajymif;vJí þpmwrf;uav;udk

bmomjyef&efBudK;pm;cJhygonf/ pmwrf;ygtcsuftvufrsm;udk rl&if;twkdif;

t"dyÜm,fazmfa&;om;cJh&mwGif c&pf,mefomoemESifhywfoufí ulnDwnf;jzwf

ay;aom tajccHynmOD;pD;Xme (atmufjrefrmjynf)rS tNidrf;pm; ñTefMum;a&;

rSL;csKyf OD;pD-xefZmwGrftm;vnf;aumif;? pmwrf;jzpfajrmufa&;twGuf

tzufzufrSulnDay;cJhaomolrsm;tm;vnf;aumif;? txl;aus;Zl;wif&SdygaMumif;

rSwfwrf;wiftyfygonf/

xkdYjyif þpmwrf;tm; zwf½Irdaom pm½IolrdwfaqG tm;vHk;udkvnf;

]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif} [laomcH,lcsufudk ÓPfpOfpcef;jzifh oefYpif zGHNzdK;apEdkifNyD;

wpfckwnf;aom opömw&m;[laom ,HkMunfcsufESifh Nidrf;csrf;pGmtwl,SOfwGJ

aexdkifEdkifa&; udk þpmwrf;rS taxmuftuljzpfaprnf[k ,HkMunfygonf/

þpmwrf;tm; bmomjyefqdkcGifh&onfhtwGuf OD;pGmyxr zefqif;½Sif

tv’m[ft&Sifjrwftm; aus;Zl;txl;yif wif&Sdygonff/xdkYaemuf uREkfyftm;

i,fpOfawmifaus; uav;b0rSpí tepfemcHum auR;arG; jy Kp k

12


apmifha&SmufcJhaom zcifBuD; (tAÁ'Gv’m[f(c)OD;pHc) + rdcifBuD;&mbD,m

bDbD(c)a':cav;rtm;vnf;aumif;txl;yifaus;Zl;wifygonf/ tdk-

tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf t&SifjrwfonfuREkfyfwdkYtm; þrsufarSmufavmuDb0wGif

uRefawmfrsKd;wdkYtm; ESpfb0ESpfXmepvkH;wGif tusKd;jyKrnfhynmudk csD;jr§ifhay;oem;

awmfrlyg/ xdkynmjzifh usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefESifh jrwfwrefawmf\pGEé[fvrf;pOf

twdkif; vdkufemusifhokH;írdrdwdkY\b0rsm;udk atmifjrifqkH;aomb0rsm;tjzpf

wnfaqmufEdkifpGrf;ay;oem;awmfrlyg/

a'gufwmvSvS0if;



B.A(Geo), B.Ed, M.Ed, Ph.D (Edn)

(Tsukuba University, Japan)


14-6-2005

rSwfcsuf/ aus;Zl;jyKí atmufygtrnfemrrsm;udk awGUaomtcgwdkif;

wrefawmfjrwf(qGv’v’m[k tvkdif;[d 0pv’mrf) [lívnf;aumif;?

eADwrefawmfrsm; (tvdkif;[d 0pv’mrf) qG[mAmrsm; (&oGD,v’m[k tef;ef[k)?

ynm&Sifrsm; (&[frokv’m[d tvdkif;[d)[lí vnf;aumif; arwåmydkYMuyg&ef

arwåm&yfcHtyfygonf/

13


wwd,tBudrfajrmufxkwfa0jcif;twGuf

bmomjyefqdkol\ xyfqifhtrSmpm

8

ــ� ��ـــ� �� و �ـــ� �� و أ�ه��ـــ� و ر��ـــ� ــ� � ا�ا�ـ ا��ـــ�ث ــ� ا��ـ ��ـ�ــ�� ا ــ� و ر�ـ ــ! ��ـ ــ%م #"ـ ــ%ة و ا&ـ وا)ـ

ــ�� و ــ� و �ـ ــ! (ـ ــ� ا� و #"ـ ــ� #�ـ ــ� �ـ ��ـ �� ــ ر��ــ* "�ـــ� وا,+ �ـ

tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ u½kPmawmfjzifh þ ]urÇmht"du bmomw&m;

rsm;ESifh udk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq}udk wwd,tBudrfajrmuf uefYowfjzefYcsd

cGifh&onfhtwGuf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwftm; txl;yif aus;Zl;wifrdygonf/xdkYjyif

wwd,tBudrfxkwfa0onfh þpmwrf;tm;jyefvnfNyD; pDppfwnf;jzwfay;onfh

uREkfyf\cspfcifyGef; q&marmfv0Drk[r®'f,mpD;eftm; aus;Zl;wifaMumif; rSwfwrf;

wiftyfygonf/

þusrf;i,fonf]aomif[D;'f} ac: tpövmrfh\wpfyg;wnf;aom

t&Siftay:,kHMunfjcif;opömw&m;udk urÇmhay:&Sd tjcm;aombmomw&m;

wdkYESifhEIdif;,OfvQuf a&;om;jyKpkí ½kd;pif;pGmzGifh[wifjyxm;aomusrf;i,f

jzpfygonf/ þpmwrf;tm; zwf½Iavhvmjcif;tm;jzifh pm½IoltaeESifh

]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}jzpfaom ]God} ESifh tjcm;aom vlvkyfudk;uG,f&mrsm;jzpfaom

]god} wdkY\oabmw&m;rsm;udk em;vnfoabmaygufEdkifygaomaMumifh? rdrd\

tuD'g[f ,kHMunfcsufcH,lcsufudk ydkrdktm;aumif;EdkifapouJhodkY? olwyg;

tm;vnf; vrf;ñTefjy&mwGif tvGeftaxmuftuljyKayvdrfhrnf/ usrf;jrwf

uk&ftmefwGif tv’m[ft&SifjrwfrS rdefYawmfrlxm;onfrSm

�� !�"#$� %�"�&��

��'�()�� !�* �+�,�� "#�� %�� -�#��

¤if;jyif toifwdkYwGif (tMuifodkYaom)tzJGYtpnf;wck&dS&ayrnf/¤if;jyif toifwdkYwGif (tMuifodkYaom)tzJGYtpnf;wck&dS&ayrnf/¤if;jyif toifwdkYwGif (tMuifodkYaom)tzJGYtpnf;wck&dS&ayrnf/¤if;jyif toifwdkYwGif (tMuifodkYaom)tzJGYtpnf;wck&dS&ayrnf/¤if;jyif toifwdkYwGif (tMuifodkYaom)tzJGYtpnf;wck&dS&ayrnf/

xdktzGJ Ytpnf;onf (vlom;wdk Ytm;) aumif;&maumif;aMumif;xdktzGJ Ytpnf;onf (vlom;wdk Ytm;) aumif;&maumif;aMumif;xdktzGJ Ytpnf;onf (vlom;wdk Ytm;) aumif;&maumif;aMumif;xdktzGJ Ytpnf;onf (vlom;wdk Ytm;) aumif;&maumif;aMumif;xdktzGJ Ytpnf;onf (vlom;wdk Ytm;) aumif;&maumif;aMumif;

bufodk Y zdwfac:Mu&rnf/ xdk Y jyif aumif;jrwfaomt&mrsm;udkbufodk Y zdwfac:Mu&rnf/ xdk Y jyif aumif;jrwfaomt&mrsm;udkbufodk Y zdwfac:Mu&rnf/ xdk Y jyif aumif;jrwfaomt&mrsm;udkbufodk Y zdwfac:Mu&rnf/ xdk Y jyif aumif;jrwfaomt&mrsm;udkbufodk Y zdwfac:Mu&rnf/ xdk Y jyif aumif;jrwfaomt&mrsm;udk

ñTefMum;Mu&rnf/ ¤if;jyifxdktzJG Ytpnf;onf raumif;rIrsm;rSñTefMum;Mu&rnf/ ¤if;jyifxdktzJG Ytpnf;onf raumif;rIrsm;rSñTefMum;Mu&rnf/ ¤if;jyifxdktzJG Ytpnf;onf raumif;rIrsm;rSñTefMum;Mu&rnf/ ¤if;jyifxdktzJG Ytpnf;onf raumif;rIrsm;rSñTefMum;Mu&rnf/ ¤if;jyifxdktzJG Ytpnf;onf raumif;rIrsm;rS

jrpfwm;Mu&rnf/ þodkYaomolrsm;onfyifvQif (vkH;0) atmifjrifjrpfwm;Mu&rnf/ þodkYaomolrsm;onfyifvQif (vkH;0) atmifjrifjrpfwm;Mu&rnf/ þodkYaomolrsm;onfyifvQif (vkH;0) atmifjrifjrpfwm;Mu&rnf/ þodkYaomolrsm;onfyifvQif (vkH;0) atmifjrifjrpfwm;Mu&rnf/ þodkYaomolrsm;onfyifvQif (vkH;0) atmifjrif

rnfholrsm;jzpfMuayownf;/rnfholrsm;jzpfMuayownf;/rnfholrsm;jzpfMuayownf;/rnfholrsm;jzpfMuayownf;/rnfholrsm;jzpfMuayownf;/ usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef(3;104) usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef(3;104) usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef(3;104) usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef(3;104) usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef(3;104)

14


txufygtm,ofawmfwGif ñTefjyxm;onfhtwdkif;? [lulukvfatAm'f

ac: tzefqif;cHrsm;tay:wGif wm0ef0wå&m;ESifhtcGifhta&;rsm;twGif;rS

'tf0oktdvv’m[f (tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\vrf;awmfodkY zdwfac:jcif;)onfrGwf

pvifrfrsm;\ arG;&mygwm0efjzpfonf/ rGwfpvifrfnDaemifrsm;? nDrrsm;

tm;'tf0[f(zdwfac:rIjyKjcif;)onf ta&;BuD;ouJhodkY? bmomrwlolrsm;tm;

tpövmrf\trSefw&m;?t&Sdw&m;rsm;udk &Sif;vif;? ñTefjy'tf0[fzdwfac:a&;

rSmvnf; rvGJraoG vkyfaqmif&rnfh? vkyfaqmifoifhonfh wm0efBuD;jzpfygonf/

txufazmfjyygwm0efBuD;rsm;udk ausyGefpGmxrf;aqmif&if;vQuf

tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ESpfNrdKUrIudk&SmazGí 'gtDaumif;jzpf&efBudK;yrf;MuygpdkY/

ه�ذا--- و�� ا��م ��ل ا� �� أن � ز�� ا�� ا�� و �� &� ه%ي ا�"��ب ا�" �� و ا�� ا��!��. ا�' ()ا�

*+ .ا�(�� و �� ا�(

a'gufwmvSvS0if;



B.A(Geo), B.Ed, M.Ed, Ph.D (Edn)

(Tsukuba University, Japan)


14-6-2005

15


ed'gef;ed'gef;ed'gef;ed'gef;ed'gef;

acwfopfurÇm&Sd uREfkyfwdkYvlom;rsm;\,Ofaus;rIwGif xif&Sm;aom

tcsif;vu©PmwpfckrSm ,HkMunfudk;uG,f&m bmomw&m;rsm;ESifh vlrIusifh0wf

pepfrsm;tajrmuftjrm; wnf&Sdaejcif;yifjzpfonf/ vlom;onf zefqif;&Sifuzefqif;&Sifuzefqif;&Sifuzefqif;&Sifuzefqif;&Sifu

vlom;tygt0if þavmu"mwfBuD;wpfckvHk;udk tb,faMumifh zefqif;vlom;tygt0if þavmu"mwfBuD;wpfckvHk;udk tb,faMumifh zefqif;vlom;tygt0if þavmu"mwfBuD;wpfckvHk;udk tb,faMumifh zefqif;vlom;tygt0if þavmu"mwfBuD;wpfckvHk;udk tb,faMumifh zefqif;vlom;tygt0if þavmu"mwfBuD;wpfckvHk;udk tb,faMumifh zefqif;

cJh&oenf;[laom taMumif;t&if;ESif h zefqif;cHt&mrsm;teuf? rdrdwdk YcJ h&oenf;[laom taMumif;t&if;ESif h zefqif;cHt&mrsm;teuf? rdrdwdk YcJ h&oenf;[laom taMumif;t&if;ESif h zefqif;cHt&mrsm;teuf? rdrdwdk YcJ h&oenf;[laom taMumif;t&if;ESif h zefqif;cHt&mrsm;teuf? rdrdwdk YcJ h&oenf;[laom taMumif;t&if;ESif h zefqif;cHt&mrsm;teuf? rdrdwdk Y

vlom;rsm;\ tcef;u@udk em;vnf&eftNrJwap &SmazGpl;prf;aeygonfvlom;rsm;\ tcef;u@udk em;vnf&eftNrJwap &SmazGpl;prf;aeygonfvlom;rsm;\ tcef;u@udk em;vnf&eftNrJwap &SmazGpl;prf;aeygonfvlom;rsm;\ tcef;u@udk em;vnf&eftNrJwap &SmazGpl;prf;aeygonfvlom;rsm;\ tcef;u@udk em;vnf&eftNrJwap &SmazGpl;prf;aeygonf/////

tmEdk;wGdKifADonf acwftqufquf vlYordkif;pOfudk avhvmNyD;? ol\&SmazG

awGU&Sdcsufrsm;udk twGJBuD;wpfq,fwGJyg0ifaom ordkif;0if r[mrSwfwrf;BuD;

tjzpf rSwfwrf;wifcJhonf/ (1954) ckESpf? atmufwdkbm(24)&ufwGifxkwfa0cJh

aom The Observer pmapmifwGif a&;om;cJhonfh ol\aqmif;yg;wGif

tmEd k;wG d KifADu ]bmomw&m;onf vl Ubmomw&m;onf vl Ubmomw&m;onf vl Ubmomw&m;onf vl Ubmomw&m;onf vl Uord ki f ;wpfavQmuford ki f ;wpfavQmuford ki f ;wpfavQmuford ki f ;wpfavQmuford ki f ;wpfavQmuf t"dut"dut"dut"dut"du

usaomtcef;u@ wpfenf;usaomtcef;u@ wpfenf;usaomtcef;u@ wpfenf;usaomtcef;u@ wpfenf;usaomtcef;u@ wpfenf;qdkaomf vlYordkif;\A[dktcsuftcsmwGifqdkaomf vlYordkif;\A[dktcsuftcsmwGifqdkaomf vlYordkif;\A[dktcsuftcsmwGifqdkaomf vlYordkif;\A[dktcsuftcsmwGifqdkaomf vlYordkif;\A[dktcsuftcsmwGif

&S don&Sdon&Sdon&Sdon&Sdonf}[k tESpfcsKyfazmfjyxm;onfudkawGU&\/

wpfzefol\a&;om;csufrSm ]uREfkyf jyefvnf,HkMunfvmcJhonfrSm

bmomw&m;onf avmuüwnf&Sdaom vQdKU0Sufqef;Mu,frIrsm;udkem;vnf&ef

yifraomhcsuf jzpfonf/}

atmufpzdkY'ftbd"mefwGif ]bmomw&m;}[laom a0g[m&\ t"dyÜm,fudk

]omrefvlwdk YxufomvGefonfh pGrf;tm;&Sdonfh t&mrsm;udk,HkMunfjcif;?omrefvlwdk YxufomvGefonfh pGrf;tm;&Sdonfh t&mrsm;udk,HkMunfjcif;?omrefvlwdk YxufomvGefonfh pGrf;tm;&Sdonfh t&mrsm;udk,HkMunfjcif;?omrefvlwdk YxufomvGefonfh pGrf;tm;&Sdonfh t&mrsm;udk,HkMunfjcif;?omrefvlwdk YxufomvGefonfh pGrf;tm;&Sdonfh t&mrsm;udk,HkMunfjcif;?

txl;ojzif h txl;ojzif h txl;ojzif h txl;ojzif h txl;ojzif h yk*¾vxm0&bk&m;&Sifudkjzpfap (odk Yr[kwf) tjcm;yk*¾vxm0&bk&m;&Sifudkjzpfap (odk Yr[kwf) tjcm;yk*¾vxm0&bk&m;&Sifudkjzpfap (odk Yr[kwf) tjcm;yk*¾vxm0&bk&m;&Sifudkjzpfap (odk Yr[kwf) tjcm;yk*¾vxm0&bk&m;&Sifudkjzpfap (odk Yr[kwf) tjcm;bk&m;bk&m;bk&m;bk&m;bk&m;

rsm;udkjzpfap emcHudk;uG,fjcif;rsm;udkjzpfap emcHudk;uG,fjcif;rsm;udkjzpfap emcHudk;uG,fjcif;rsm;udkjzpfap emcHudk;uG,fjcif;rsm;udkjzpfap emcHudk;uG,fjcif;}[k azmfjyxm;ayonf/

urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;tm;vkH;\ bHkwlnDaom vu©PmrSm

]pMu0VmvHk;qdkif&m udk;uG,f&mt&Sif? t<uif;rJh tmPmawmfydkif&Sifonf

teEÅbkef;awmf&Sif? teEÅ ÓPfawmf&SifjzpfaMumif;ukd ,HkMunfMujcif;jzpfonf/

urÇmh t"dubmomw&m;rsm;udk ouf0if,HkMunfMuaomolwdkYu? ¤if;wdkY\

udk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf tjcm;bmom0iftoD;oD;\ udk;uG,f&mt&SifESifh

twlwlyifjzpfonf[k ,HkMunfxm;csufyif jzpfonf/

rwf(p)0g'ESifh z½dkuf'f\t,ltquJhodkYaom bmom w&m;rJht,lwdkYu

pepfwus zGJUpnf;wnfaxmifNyD;&SdaeMuaom bmomw&m;rsm;udk tjrpfrSpí

16


wdkufcdkuf&ef BudK;yrf; cJhMuonf/ tjyeftvSefoabmtm;jzifh? þodkYwdkufcdkufrI

rsm;aMumifhyifvQif xdkbmomrJhrsm;udk,fwdkifyif rodvdkufbJ ,if;bmom

w&m;rsm; tay:,HkMunfrIu ydkrdkzGHNzdK;vmwwfMuonf/ Oyrm-urÇmhEdkifiH

trsm;tjym;wGif uGefjrLepf0g'xGef;um;vmaomtcg? ¤if;wdkYbufu0g'jzefYrI?

uwd0efcHrIrsm;udk pdwftm;xufoefpGm vkyfaqmifvmrIESifh qG,fw&m;a[mrI

rsm;u xdkbmomw&m;rsm;\a[majymwifjyyHk vrf;pOfudkyifeif;vQuf

vdkufemusifhoHk;ouJhodkY jzpfaeayonf/

xdkUaMumifh udk;uG,frIbmomw&m;onf vlom;rsm; jzpfwnfaejcif;twGuf

cGJjcm;ír&aumif;aom tpdwftydkif;wpfck jzpfaeayonf/

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef? tifr&mefrsKd;EG,fu@? usrf;ydk'f (64)wGif atmufyg

twdkif; ñTefjyxm;onf/

�� !�� "�#�� $ �"�% �&��'�� (�)�� *)�� +�,-!$ �� (.��/ �0�� 1�2�3*4 �� 05�� 6*7��4

�8�*��9*: �-4�;�� *6<�/� ��=�> �� 8�?�> �05�� 8 *@ AB:

]](tdk-eAD) toifonf(,[l'DESifh c&pf,mefwdkYtm;) ajymMum;ygav?

tdk-usrf;*ef&&S doltaygif;wdk Y ? toifwdk Yonf tuREf kyfwd k YESif h

toifwdkYMum;ü (tm;vHk;vufcHxm;onfh) wlnDaompum;buf

odkYvmMuukef/ (xdkpum;onfum;) igwdkYonf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf

rSwpfyg; tjcm;rnfonhft&mudkrQ rcyf0yf rudk;uG,fjcif;?

igwdkYonfwpfpHkwpfckaomt&mudkrQ xdkt&SifjrwfESifhwGJbuf,SOfbuf

[lí rjyKjcif;? igwdkYteuf tcsdKUonf tv’m[ft&SifjrwfudkzJMuOfí

tcsdKUaom olrsm;udk t&Sifocifrsm;[lí rjyKvkyfjcif; (yifwnf;)/

(,if;uJhodkY zdwfac:NyD;onfhaemufaomfrSyif) tu,fí xdkolwdkYonf

aoGznfausmcdkif;oGm;Muygrl(tdk- rGwfpvifrf taygif;wdkY) toifwdkY

u (xdkolwdkYtm;? tcsif;wdkY) uREfkyf wdkYonf (tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\)

trdefYawmfrsm;udk rkcsemcHaom rGwfpvifrfrsm;yifjzpfaMumif;

toifwdk Yud k,fwd kif oufaocHMuukef[kajymqdk Muukefavmh}}

(usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef?3;64)

17


trsd K;rs d K;aom udk;uG,frIbmomw&m;rsm;ud k avhvm jcif;jzif h

tvGefrsm;jym;vSaomtawGUtMuHKrsm;udk uREfkyf twGufqkvmbftjzpf

&&SdcJhygonf/ þodkYavhvmcsufrsm;rS ]udk;uG,fjcif;cHxdkufawmfrlaomt&Sifonf

rdrd&Sdawmfrl aMumif; todynmtcsdKUESifhtwl vlom;wkdY\0dÓmOftm;

zefqif;xm;awmfrlonf} [laomtcsufrSm rSefuefaMumif; tcdkiftrm

od&Sdvm&ygonf/ tu,fí vlom;tm; zefqif;&Sifwnf&SdrIudk r,HkMunfatmif

yHkpHoGif;ay;rxm;oa&GU vlom;\pdwfydkif;qdkif&mzGJUpnf;yHkt&? zefqif;&Sif

wnf&SdrIudk ,HkMunfvufcHayrnf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifhqdkaomf? udk;uG,f&mt&Sif

tm;,HkMunf&eftwGuf txl;wvnfaomtajctaersm; rvdktyfaomfvnf;?

udk;uG,f&mt&Siftm; jiif;qefjcif;twGufrl tajctaersm;zefwD;í yHkpHoGif;

ay;&ef vdktyfaeayonf/

urÇmht"dubmomBuD;rsm;tm; trsdK;tpm;cGJjcm;jcif;

urÇmht"dubmomBuD;rsm;udk us,fus,fjyefYjyefY trsdK;tpm;cGJjcm;

MunfhvQif qD;rdkuf (*sL;? tm&yf? zdk;eD;&Sef;? tqD;&D;,ef;vlrsdK;rsm;qdkif&m) bmom

w&m;rsm;ESifh qD;rdkufr[kwfaom bmomw&m;rsm;[lí tkyfpkcGJEdkifygonf/

qD;rdkufr[kwfaombmomw&m;udk tm&d,efbmomw&m;rsm;ESifh tm&d,mef

r[kwfaombmomw&m;[lí xyfrHcGJjcm;Edkifygonf/

qD;rdkufbmomw&m;rsm;qD;rdkufbmomw&m;rsm;qD;rdkufbmomw&m;rsm;qD;rdkufbmomw&m;rsm;qD;rdkufbmomw&m;rsm;

qD;rdkufbmomw&m;rsm;[lonfrSm qD;rdkufvlrsdK;rsm; tMum;wGif

tajcjyKay:xGef;cJhonfh bmomw&m;rsm;udk qdkvdkonf/ or®musrf;t&?

wrefawmfEl[fwGif &Srf;(rf) [laom om;awmfwpfyg;&Sd\/ xdkom;awmf&Srf;(rf)rS

qif;oufvmaom rsdK;EG,frsm;udk qD;rdkuf[kac:wGifaMumif; od&\/ xdkYaMumifh

qD;rd kufbmomw&m;rsm;rSm qD;rd kufrsd K;EG,frsm;jzpfonfh *sL;? tm&yf?

tqD;&D;,ef;ESifh zdk;eD;&Sef;paom vlrsdK;EG,frsm;tMum;wGif tajcjyKay:xGef;cJhaom

bmom w&m;rsm;jzpfonf/ ,if;wdkY teuf t"dubmomBuD;rsm;rSm *sL;bmom?

c&pf,mefbmomESifh tpövmrfbmomw&m;rsm; jzpfonf/ þbmomw&m;

rsm;tm;vHk;onf xm0& udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\ vrf;ñTefw&m;rsm;udk xdkt&Sif\

vlom; apwrefrsm;rSwpfqifh vufcH&&Sdonf[k ,HkMunfMuaom? wrefawmfrsm;

ESifhqdkifaombmomw&m;rsm; jzpfonf/

18


qD;rdkufr[kwfaom bmomw&m;rsm;qD;rdkufr[kwfaom bmomw&m;rsm;qD;rdkufr[kwfaom bmomw&m;rsm;qD;rdkufr[kwfaom bmomw&m;rsm;qD;rdkufr[kwfaom bmomw&m;rsm;

qD;rdkufr[kwfaom bmomw&m;rsm;udk tm&d,efESifh tm&d,efr[kwfaom

bmomw&m;rsm;[lí xyfrHcGJjcm; Edkifygonf/

tm&d,efbmomw&m;rsm;tm&d,efbmomw&m;rsm;tm&d,efbmomw&m;rsm;tm&d,efbmomw&m;rsm;tm&d,efbmomw&m;rsm;

tm&d,efbmom[lonfrSm bDpD (2000) rS (1500)tMum; tD&efEdkifiHESifh

tdEd´,EdkifiHajrmufydkif;a'orsm;wGif ysHESHYaexdkifMuukefaom tif'dk-Oa&my

bmompum;rsm;udkajymonhf tiftm;BuD;rsdK;EG,frsm;Mum;wGif tpjyKay:

xGef;cJhaom bmomw&m;rsm;jzpfonf/

tm&d,efbmomw&m;rsm;udk a0'ESifha0'r[kwfaom bmomw&m;

rsm;[lí xyfqifhcGJjcm;Edkifygonf/ a0'bmomw&m;ukd [dE´Lt,l0g' (0g)

jA[®P0g'[k rqDavQmfpGm trnfay;jcif;cH&onf/ a0'r[kwfaom

bmomrsm;rSm qpf(cf)0g'? Ak'¨0g'? *sdef;0g' ponfwdkY jzpfonf/ tm;vHk;aom

tm&d,efbmomrsm;rSm wrefawmfrsm;ESifh roufqdkifaom bmomrsm; jzpfonf/

Zdk½d ktufpx&D,ef0g'rSm (Zoroastrianism)onf tm&d,efbmom

wpfrsdK;jzpfonf/ a0'r[kwfaombmom jzpfonf/ [dE´L0g'ESifh vHk;0

qufpyfrIr&Sday/ ,if;bmomudkvnf; wrefawmfrsm;ESifhoufqdkifaom

bmomwpfckjzpfonf[k tcdkiftrmqdkaeMuayonf/

tm&d,efr[kwfaom bmomw&m;rsm;tm&d,efr[kwfaom bmomw&m;rsm;tm&d,efr[kwfaom bmomw&m;rsm;tm&d,efr[kwfaom bmomw&m;rsm;tm&d,efr[kwfaom bmomw&m;rsm;

tm&d,efr[kwfaom bmomw&m;rsm;rSm uGJjym;aomtaMumif;t&if;cH

rsm;udk tajcjyKí ay:xGef;vmcJhMuonf/ uGefjzL;&SyfESifh wmtdk0g'rSm

w½kwfjynfwGif ay:xGef;cJhNyD; ]&Sifwdk0g'}rSm *syefjynfwGif ay:aygufvmcJh

ygonf/ rsm;pGmaom tm&d,efr[kwfonfh bmomw&m;rsm;wGif ]xm0&

udk;uG,f&mt&Sif} [laomtodonm r&Sdyg/ ,if; bmomw&m;rsm;udk bmom

[kac:qdkonfxuf vlrIusifh0wfqdkif&m pnf;urf;pepfrsm;[kqdkygu ydkrdk

oifhavsmfayrnf/

19


bmomw&m;wdkif;wGif vufcHxm;aom ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}qdkif&m

tcdkifvHkqHk;aom t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsuf

bmomw&m;wpfcku twnfjyKvufcH ,HkMunfxm;onfh ]udk;uG,f&m

t&Sif} [laomtodonmudk xdkbmom0ifrsm;\ vdkufemusifhoHk;rIrsm;tm;

Munfh,Hkjzifh tuJjzwfowfrSwfír&Edkifay/ rsm;pGmaombmomw&m;rsm;rSmyif

bmom0ifrsm;u ¤if;wdkY\usrf;*efrsm;wGif azmfjyxm;onfh ]xm0&udk;uG,f

&mt&Sif} [laom todonmtppfudk vspfvsLjyKavh&SdMuonfrSm tawmf

av;wlnDaeaomtcsuf jzpfonf/ odk Yjzpfí bmomw&m;toD;oD;u

vufcHxm;aom ]xm0& udk;uG,f&mt&Sif} [laompum;\ todonmudk

oufqdkif&m bmomtoD;oD;\ pmayusrf;*efrsm;rS wpfqifhqef;ppfavhvmrI

jyKoGm;rSomvQif ydkíoifhavsmfayrnf/

urÇmht"dubmomBuD;rsm;\ ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif} [laom todonmudk?

oufqdkif&mbmomtoD;oD;\ usrf;*efrsm;wGif azmfjyxm;onfhtwdkif;

qef;ppfMunfhoGm;Mujcif;jzifh em;vnfatmif avhvmMuygpdkY/

[dELbmomwGifvufcHxm;aom ]]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}}

tm&d,efbmomw&m;rsm;teuf [dE´Lbmomonf txif&Sm;qHk;

bmomjzpfonf/ trSefpifppf ][dE´L} [laom pum;rSm yg&Sef;pum;jzpfNyD;

tdE´Kjrpf0Srf;tvGefwGif tajccsaexdkifMuolrsm;[k t"dyÜm,f&onf/ odkYaomf

[dE´L0g'onf trsdK;rsdK;aom bmoma&;,HkMunfcsufrsm;udk &nfñTef;onfh

jcHKiHktoHk;jyKEdkifaom a0g[m&jzpfaeayonf/ [dE´L0g'[k ac:qdkEdkifaom

t,l0g'trsm;tjym;&Sdonfhteuf a0'? OyedoQ'fESifh b*0g*Dw paom

usrf;rsm;udk tajccHí ,HkMunfMuukefaom [dELbmomt,ltqrsm;rSm ydkí

xif&Sm;onf/

[dELbmomwGif vufcHxm;aom[dELbmomwGif vufcHxm;aom[dELbmomwGif vufcHxm;aom[dELbmomwGif vufcHxm;aom[dELbmomwGif vufcHxm;aom

]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}[laom bHktodonm ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}[laom bHktodonm ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}[laom bHktodonm ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}[laom bHktodonm ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}[laom bHktodonm

[dE´Lbmomonf a,bk,stm;jzifh wpfyg;ruaom ewfbk&m;rsm;udk

vufcHudk;uG,faom (A[kemx0g')bmom jzpfonf/ rsm;pGmaom [dE´L

bmom0ifrsm;u rdrdwdkYonf trSefwpfu,fyif ewfbk&m;tajrmuftjrm;udk

,HkMunf udk;uG,fMuaMumif; tcdkiftrmajymqdkcsufuyif [dE´L0g'onf

A[kemx0g'jzpfaMumif;ud k oufaocHaeayonf/ tcs d K Uaom[dE´L

20


bmom0ifrsm;onf bk&m;oHk;ql&Sdonf[k tcdkiftrm ,HkMunfMuaomfvnf;?

tcsdKUaom [dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;u bk&m;aygif;oef; (330) &S donf[k

,HkMunfMuonf/ odkYaomf [dE´Lbmoma&;qdkif&m pmayusrf;*efrsm;wwf

ajrmufukefolwdk Yurl? [dE´Lbmom0ifwpfOD;taeESifh wpfqlwnf;aom

udk;uG,f&mt&Sif (0g) wpfqlwnf;aom bk&m;&Sifudkom ,HkMunfoifhaMumif;

tcdkiftrm ajymqdkcJhMuayonf/

[dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;ESifh tpövmrfbmom0if rGwfpvifrfrsm;tMum;

]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}ESifhywfoufí t"duuGJjym;jcm;em;aom t,ltqrSm? [dEL

bmom0ifrsm;onf obm0avmuwGif &Sd&SdorQt&mcyfodrf;udk udk;uG,f&m

t&Siftjzpf udk;uG,fjcif;yifjzpfonf/þt,l0g't& obm0avmuwGif

&Sd&SdorQaomouf&Sd? oufrJht&mcyfodrf;udk jrifhjrwfonf? udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\

"mwfudef;0yfaeonfh udk;uG,f&mrsm;[k ,HkMunfaeMuonf/ xdkYaMumifhyif [dEL

bmom0ifrsm;onf opfyif? ae? v? wd&pämefrsm;ESifh vlom;rsm;onf udk;uG,f&m

t&Sifuudk,fxifjyaomt&mrsm;qdkNyD; ,HkMunfxm;Muonf/ xdkYaMumifh

[dELbmom0ifrsm;twGuf t&m&monf ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif} jzpfaeayonf/

txufygt,ltqESifh qefYusifaomoabmudk tpövmrfbmom

wGifawGU&onf/ tpövmrfu vlom;rsm;tm; ¤if;wdkYudk,fwdkifESifhywf0ef;usif&Sd

ouf&SdoufrJht&m tm;vHk;udk udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\ udk,fxifjycsuf[k r,HkMunf

apbJ? udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\ tzefqif;cHrsm;tjzpfom qifjcif,HkMunfMu&ef

wdkufwGef;xm;ayonf/ xdk YaMumifh rGwfpvifrfrsm;u t&m&mwdkif;udk

udk;uG,f&mt&Sifu ydkifqdkifonf[k ,HkMunfMuonf/ (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\

[kqkdvdkygonf)/ wpfenf;tm;jzifhqdkaomf rGwfpvifrfrsm;taeESifh t&m

cyfodrf;rSm udk;uG,f&mt&Sif ydkifqdkifonfomjzpfonf[k ,HkMunfMuonf/

opfyifyef;yifrsm;? ae? v? eu©wfwm&mrsm;ESifh þpMu0VmtwGif;&Sd ouf&Sd

oufrJht&mcyfodrf;onf udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\ ydkifqdkif&mt&mrsm;omjzpfonf/

xdkYaMumifh rGwfpvifrfESifh [dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;\ ,HkMunfcsufrsm;tMum;

t"duuGJjym;jcm;em;csufrSm ]\} [laom pum;vHk;av;om jzpfonf/

[dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;u t&mcyfodrf;udk udk;uG,f&mbk&m;[kqdkMuonf/

rGwfpvifrfrsm;url t&mcyfodrf;onf udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\ ydkifqdkif&mrsm;[k

qdkonf/ xdkYaMumifh ]udk;uG,f&mt&SifESif h} ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\}]udk;uG,f&mt&SifESif h} ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\}]udk;uG,f&mt&SifESif h} ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\}]udk;uG,f&mt&SifESif h} ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\}]udk;uG,f&mt&SifESif h} ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\} [laom

21


t,ltqomvQif jcm;em;aeygonf/xdkYaMumifh usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif ]toif

wdk Yonf toifwdk YESif h uREfkyftMum;ü (tm;vHk;vufcHxm;onfh) wlnD

aompum;bufodkYvmMuukef/ (xdkpum;onfum;) igwdkYonf tv’m[f

t&SifjrwfrSwpfyg; tjcm;udk;uG,f&mrsm;udk ,HkMunf udk;uG,fjcif;rjyKyg}[k

azmfjyxm;jcif;jzpfonf/

odk Y jzpfí? [dE´LESif htpövmrfbmomqdkif&m usrf;*efrsm;udk cG J jcrf;

pdwfjzmqef;ppfavhvmjcif;tm;jzifh? xdkbmomBuD; ESpfck\ bHkwlnDcsufrsm;udk

&SmazGqef;ppfavhvmMunfhMuygpdkY/

b*0g*Dw

[dE´Lbmoma&;qdkif&m pmayusrf;*ef trsm;tjym;teuf ]b*0g*Dw}

[laomusrf;rSm txif&Sm;qHk;jzpfonf/ tqdkygusrf;vm atmufygpmydk'fudk

avhvmqef;ppfoGm;ygrnf/

]]todÓPfudk ½kyf0w¦KwyfrufrIqErsm;jzifh cdk;,l (vTrf;rdk;) jcif;cH& olwkdYonf bk&m;ryD&mrsm;okdY

rdrdwk d Yud k,f rdrdwkd Y tyfESif;avh&S dMuNyD; ¤if;wdk Y obm0tavsmuf udk;uG,f qnf;uyf&m

oD;jcm;pnf;rsOf;Oya' orsm;udk vdkufemavh &SdMuonf/}} (b*0g*Dw 7;20)

þusrf;ydk'f(*Dw)onf ½kyf0g'Drsm;udk &nfñTef;NyD; ¤if;wdkYonf udk;uG,f&m

t&Sif tppftrSefr[kwfaom bk&m;rrnf&mrsm;udk udk;uG,fqnf;uyfjcif;

omjzpfaMumif; qdkvdkygonf/

OyedoQ'f

OyedoQ'fusrf;rsm;onfvnf; [dELbmomqdkif&m jrifhjrwfaomusrf;rsm;[k

rSwf,ljcif;cH&aomusrf;*efrsm; jzpfonf/ OyedoQ'fusrf;rsm;rSatmufazmfjyyg

usrf;ydk'frsm;udk avhvmMunfhMuygpdkY/

(1) ]xdkt&Sifonf 'kwd,ajrmufr&Sdaomwpfqlwnf;aomt&Sifjzpfonf/

[Chandogya Upanishad 6:2:1]

(2) OyedoQ'fusrf;rS atmufazmfjyyg usrf;ydk'frsm;udk oHk;oyf qifjcifyg/

]t&SifhrSm rdbvnf; r&Sd/ t&Sifocifvnf;r&Sd/} [Svetasavatara Upanishad 6:9]

(3) OyedoQ'fusrf;rS atmufazmfjyyg usrf;ydk'frsm;udk oHk;oyf qifjcifyg/

22


]]t&SifESifhwlaomt&mr&Sd/}} [Svetasavatara Upanishad 4:19]

]]t&SifESifhwlaomt&mr&Sd/t&Sif\trnfrSm teEÅbkef;awmf&Sifjzpfonf/}}

[The Principal Upanishad ----]

txufazmfjyyg usrf;pmydk'frsm;udk usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\ atmufazmfjyyg

usrf;pmydk'frsm;ESifh EIdif;,SOfavhvmyg/

��

xkdt&SifjrwfESif h wlaomt&m[líum; rnfonfhwpfpH kxk dt&SifjrwfESif h wlaomt&m[líum; rnfonfhwpfpH kxk dt&SifjrwfESif h wlaomt&m[líum; rnfonfhwpfpH kxk dt&SifjrwfESif h wlaomt&m[líum; rnfonfhwpfpH kxk dt&SifjrwfESif h wlaomt&m[líum; rnfonfhwpfpH k

wpf&mrQyifr&SdNyD/ (uk&ftmef? 42;11)wpf&mrQyifr&SdNyD/ (uk&ftmef? 42;11)wpf&mrQyifr&SdNyD/ (uk&ftmef? 42;11)wpf&mrQyifr&SdNyD/ (uk&ftmef? 42;11)wpf&mrQyifr&SdNyD/ (uk&ftmef? 42;11)

��

xdkt&Sifjrwfü *kPf&nfwlol[lívnf; wpfOD;wpfa,mufxdkt&Sifjrwfü *kPf&nfwlol[lívnf; wpfOD;wpfa,mufxdkt&Sifjrwfü *kPf&nfwlol[lívnf; wpfOD;wpfa,mufxdkt&Sifjrwfü *kPf&nfwlol[lívnf; wpfOD;wpfa,mufxdkt&Sifjrwfü *kPf&nfwlol[lívnf; wpfOD;wpfa,muf

rQyifr&S d NyD/rQyifr&S d NyD/rQyifr&S d NyD/rQyifr&S d NyD/rQyifr&S d NyD/ (uk&ftmef 112;4)(uk&ftmef 112;4)(uk&ftmef 112;4)(uk&ftmef 112;4)(uk&ftmef 112;4)

(4) vlom;taeESifh udk;uG,f&mt&Sifudk wdusaomyHkyef; oP²mefwpfckESifh

awG;jrifrSef;qEdkifpGrf;r&SdaMumif;udk OyedoQ'f usrf;rSatmufazmfjyygpmydk'frsm;t&

od&SdEdkifayonf/

]xdkt&Sif\ yHkyef;o@mefudk jrifEdkifpGrf;r&Sdyg/ xdkt&Sifudk rnfolrQrsufvHk;rsm;jzifh

jrifbl;jcif; r&Sdyg/ pdwfESvHk;rsm;ESifh cHpm;em;vnfEdkifpGrf;&Sdaomolrsm;onfom olUudk

odjrifEdkifNyD;? xdkuJhodkY aom vlom;\ESvHk;om;rsm;wGifom udef;0yf pHy,fawmfrlaom

tpOfxm0& wnf&Sdawmf rlaomt&Sifjzpfonf/}

[Svetasavatara Upanishad 4:20]

þtcsufESifh ywfoufí usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGifvnf; atmufyg

tm,offawmfu ñTefjyxm;ayonf/

�� ! ]]tjriftm½Hkrsm;onf xdkt&Sifjrwftm; (pdwfiHk) rdEdkifonf]]tjriftm½Hkrsm;onf xdkt&Sifjrwftm; (pdwfiHk) rdEdkifonf]]tjriftm½Hkrsm;onf xdkt&Sifjrwftm; (pdwfiHk) rdEdkifonf]]tjriftm½Hkrsm;onf xdkt&Sifjrwftm; (pdwfiHk) rdEdkifonf]]tjriftm½Hkrsm;onf xdkt&Sifjrwftm; (pdwfiHk) rdEdkifonf

r[kwfay/ odkY&mwGif xdkt&SifjrwfrSmum; tjriftm½Hkrsm;udkr[kwfay/ odkY&mwGif xdkt&SifjrwfrSmum; tjriftm½Hkrsm;udkr[kwfay/ odkY&mwGif xdkt&SifjrwfrSmum; tjriftm½Hkrsm;udkr[kwfay/ odkY&mwGif xdkt&SifjrwfrSmum; tjriftm½Hkrsm;udkr[kwfay/ odkY&mwGif xdkt&SifjrwfrSmum; tjriftm½Hkrsm;udk

(pdwfiH k)iH krdvsuf &Sdawmfrlacsonf/ pifppfaomfum; xdk(pdwfiH k)iH krdvsuf &Sdawmfrlacsonf/ pifppfaomfum; xdk(pdwfiH k)iH krdvsuf &Sdawmfrlacsonf/ pifppfaomfum; xdk(pdwfiH k)iH krdvsuf &Sdawmfrlacsonf/ pifppfaomfum; xdk(pdwfiH k)iH krdvsuf &Sdawmfrlacsonf/ pifppfaomfum; xdk

t&Sifjrwfonf tvGefeufeJ odrfarGYwmfrlaomt&Sifjrwft&Sifjrwfonf tvGefeufeJ odrfarGYwmfrlaomt&Sifjrwft&Sifjrwfonf tvGefeufeJ odrfarGYwmfrlaomt&Sifjrwft&Sifjrwfonf tvGefeufeJ odrfarGYwmfrlaomt&Sifjrwft&Sifjrwfonf tvGefeufeJ odrfarGYwmfrlaomt&Sifjrwf

23


t&mcyfodrf;udk vTrf;NcHKodawmfrlaomt&Sif jzpfawmfrlt&mcyfodrf;udk vTrf;NcHKodawmfrlaomt&Sif jzpfawmfrlt&mcyfodrf;udk vTrf;NcHKodawmfrlaomt&Sif jzpfawmfrlt&mcyfodrf;udk vTrf;NcHKodawmfrlaomt&Sif jzpfawmfrlt&mcyfodrf;udk vTrf;NcHKodawmfrlaomt&Sif jzpfawmfrl

ayonf/}}ayonf/}}ayonf/}}ayonf/}}ayonf/}} (uk&ftmef 6;103) (uk&ftmef 6;103) (uk&ftmef 6;103) (uk&ftmef 6;103) (uk&ftmef 6;103)

a0'usrf;rsm;

a0'usrf;rsm;onf [dE´Lusrf;*efrsm;teuf tjrifhjrwfqHk;usrf;rsm;[k

owfrSwfjcif;cH&aomusrf;rsm; jzpfonf/ a0'av;rsdK;&Sdonf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm

,m*sK;a0'? &pf*fa0'? &Srfa0' ESifh tom&fa0'usrf;rsm;jzpfonf/

1/ ,m*sL;a0' (,*ka0')

(1) ,m*sL;a0'usrf;rsm;rS atmufazmfjyygpmydk'fudk pOf;pm; oHk;oyf qifjcif

Munfhyg/

]xdkt&SifrSm ykHo@mefr&Sdyg/} [Yajurveda 32:3]

,if;usrf;wGif qufvufazmfjyonfrSm-

]olonfrnfol\ arG;zGm;jcif;rQrcH&yg/ olomvQif uREfkyfwdk Y\udk;uG,fjcif;udk

cH,lxdkufygonf/}

]]t&Sif\wefcdk;awmfrSm teEjåzpfNyD;t&SifhrSm yHkyef; o@mef(½kyfoGif)r&Sdyg/ t&Sifonf

NyD;jynfhpHkawmfrlí aeuJhodkYaom xGef;vif;awmufyonfh t&mtm;vHk; udkvnf;

xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufawmfrl\/ xdkt&Sifonf uREfkyftm; ab;Oy'fa&mufaprnf

r[kwfyg/ þonfrSm uREfkyf\ &Sdcdk;ylaZmfrIjzpfonf/ t&Sifonf arG;zGm;jcif;udk

rcH&aomaMumifh t&SifomvQifuREfkyfwdkY\ udk;uG,fjcif; udk cH,lxdkufawmfrlyg\/}}

[The Yajur veda by Devi Chand M.A-pg.377]

(2) ]t&SifhrSm cE¨mr&Sdyg/ t&SifonfoefY&Sif;pifMu,f ygonf/}

[Yajur veda 40:8]

]xd kt&Sifonf vif;0if;awmufyrI&S d jcif;? cE¨mr&S d? tjypftemtqmr&S d?

tukodkvftnpftaMu;r&Sd? tvGefw&m oefY&Sif;pifMu,fawmfrlaom t&SifjzpfNyD;

t&Sifhudk rnfonfh raumif;aom tiftm;pk (raumif; qdk;0g;)urQ xdk;azmuf

zsufqD;EdkifpGrf;r&Sdyg/ tjrifus,f aom? ÓPftajrmftjrifESifh jynfhpHkawmfrlaom?

vTrf;jcHKEdkifaom? rdrdbmom&yfwnfEdkifaom? t&Sifonf xm0&ESpfumvrsm;twGuf

24


avsmfuefaom awmif;qkd csufrsm;twkdif;&nf&G,fcsufrsm;jyXmef;awmfrl\/}

[Yajur veda 40:8] [Yajur veda samhita by Ralph I.H. Griffith pg-

538]

(3) ,m*sL;a0'usrf;awmfwGif atmufygwdkYudkvnf; azmfjyxm;ayonf/

]obm0w&m;wGif&S daom t&m0w¬Krsm; Oyrm-av? a&? rD; ponfwdk Yud k

udk;uG,fqnf;uyfMu olwdkYonf tarSmifxktwGif;odkY 0ifMuavonf/ qrÁKwdudk

ukd;uG,fqnf;uyfMuolrsm;onf tarSmifxk twGif; euf½dIif;pGm epfrGef;Muavonf/

qrÁKwd [lonfrSm tzefqif;cHt&mrsm; (Oyrm-pm;yGJ? xdkifcHk? ½kyfxkrsm; ponf)udk

qdkvdkonf/} [Yajur veda 40: 9]

(4) bk&m;&Sdcdk;onfhtcg &Gwfqdkonfhawmif;qkawmf wpfckwGifvnff;

]]uREf kyfwdk Ytm; rSefuefaomvrf;aMumif;odk Y vrf;ñTefawmfrlyg/ xdkvrf;rSefrS

cRwfacsmfwdrf;yg;aprnfh tjypfudkvnf; y,f&Sm;ay;awmfrlyg/}}

[Yajur veda chapter 40: 16]

2/ to&fAa0'

to&fAa0'usrf;rS atmufygpmydk'fudk avhvmyg/

(1) ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf trSefyif BuD;us,fygonf/} [Atharva veda 20 58:3]

{uefpifppf? ol&d,(aerif;)? t&Sifonf jrifhjrwfvSyg\/ tm'd, (vrif;)

{ueftrSef BuD;us,fjrifhjrwfvSyg\/ t&Sif\BuD;us,frIudk tm;usav;pm;

ygonf/

]tdk-t&Sif/t&Sifonfum; trSefwu,fBuD;us,f jrifhjrwfawmfrlygonf/}

(Atharvaveda Samhiti Vol.2 William Dmight Whitney pg.910)

txufygusrf;pmydk'fESifh tvm;wlazmfjycsufudk usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef

pl&m[f&tf'fwGif atmufygtwdkif; azmfjy xm;avonf/

��

]]]]]xd kt&Sifjrwfonf (owå0gtaygif;) rjrifEd kifaomt&mrsm;xdkt&Sifjrwfonf (owå0gtaygif;) rjrifEd kifaomt&mrsm;xdkt&Sifjrwfonf (owå0gtaygif;) rjrifEd kifaomt&mrsm;xdkt&Sifjrwfonf (owå0gtaygif;) rjrifEd kifaomt&mrsm;xdkt&Sifjrwfonf (owå0gtaygif;) rjrifEd kifaomt&mrsm;

udkvnf;aumif;? jrifEdkifaomt&mrsm;udk vnf;aumif;?(wpfenf;)udkvnf;aumif;? jrifEdkifaomt&mrsm;udk vnf;aumif;?(wpfenf;)udkvnf;aumif;? jrifEdkifaomt&mrsm;udk vnf;aumif;?(wpfenf;)udkvnf;aumif;? jrifEdkifaomt&mrsm;udk vnf;aumif;?(wpfenf;)udkvnf;aumif;? jrifEdkifaomt&mrsm;udk vnf;aumif;?(wpfenf;)

25


vQdKU0Sufaeaomt&mrsm;ud kvnf;aumif;? xif&Sm;íaeaomvQdKU0Sufaeaomt&mrsm;ud kvnf;aumif;? xif&Sm;íaeaomvQdKU0Sufaeaomt&mrsm;ud kvnf;aumif;? xif&Sm;íaeaomvQdKU0Sufaeaomt&mrsm;ud kvnf;aumif;? xif&Sm;íaeaomvQdKU0Sufaeaomt&mrsm;ud kvnf;aumif;? xif&Sm;íaeaom

t&mrsm;udk vnf;aumif;? odawmfrlaomt&Sif? (tvHk;pHkwdkYxuf)t&mrsm;udk vnf;aumif;? odawmfrlaomt&Sif? (tvHk;pHkwdkYxuf)t&mrsm;udk vnf;aumif;? odawmfrlaomt&Sif? (tvHk;pHkwdkYxuf)t&mrsm;udk vnf;aumif;? odawmfrlaomt&Sif? (tvHk;pHkwdkYxuf)t&mrsm;udk vnf;aumif;? odawmfrlaomt&Sif? (tvHk;pHkwdkYxuf)

BuD;uJawmfrlaomt&Sif? jrifhjrwfawmfrlaomt&Sif? jzpfawmfrlayBuD;uJawmfrlaomt&Sif? jrifhjrwfawmfrlaomt&Sif? jzpfawmfrlayBuD;uJawmfrlaomt&Sif? jrifhjrwfawmfrlaomt&Sif? jzpfawmfrlayBuD;uJawmfrlaomt&Sif? jrifhjrwfawmfrlaomt&Sif? jzpfawmfrlayBuD;uJawmfrlaomt&Sif? jrifhjrwfawmfrlaomt&Sif? jzpfawmfrlay

ownf;/ownf;/ownf;/ownf;/ownf;/}}}}} (uk&ftmef 13;9)(uk&ftmef 13;9)(uk&ftmef 13;9)(uk&ftmef 13;9)(uk&ftmef 13;9)

3/ &pf*fa0'3/ &pf*fa0'3/ &pf*fa0'3/ &pf*fa0'3/ &pf*fa0'

(1) a0'usrf;rsm;teuf a&S;tusqHk;usrf;rSm &pf*fa0'usrf;jzpfonf/ xdkYjyif

[dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;twGuf tjrifhjrwfqHk;usrf;rsm;[kvnf; ,HkMunfvufcH

xm;Muonf/ &pf*fa0'usrf;rsm;t&

]]ynm&S d (y@dw)rsm;onf ud k;uG,f&mt&Sifwpfqltm; trnfrsm;pGmESif h

ac:a0:Muonf/}} [Rig veda 1:164:46)]

&pf*fa0'usrf;rsm;wGif udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\ *kPf&nfawmfrsm;udk (33)rsdK;

xufrenf; azmfjyxm;onfhteuf &pf*fa0'usrf; twGJ (2)? tydk'f(3)wGif

azmfjyxm;onfh *kPf&nfawmfwpfckrSm ]jAm[®} jzpfonf/ ]jAm[®}\ t"dyÜm,f

rSm ]zefqif;&Sif}jzpfonf/ þa0g[m&udk tm&ADbmomodkY jyefqdkygu ]cgvpfuf}[k

t"dyÜm,f&ygonf/ teEÅbkef;wefcdk;ESifh jynfhpHkawmfrlaom udk;uG,f&mt&Sifudk

]cgvpf(uf)} (odkY) ]]zefqif;&Sif} (odkY) ]jAm[®} rnfodkYyif&nfñTef;ac:a0: orkwf

ygap/ rGwfpvifrfrsm;twGuf uefYuGufp&mtaMumif;t&if; wpfpHkwpf&mr&Sdyg/

odkYaomf rGwfpvifrfrsm;twGuf acgif;av;vHk;&Sdonfh jAm[®BuD;udk bke;fawmf

BuD;jrwfaom? teEÅ wefcdk;&Sif?udk;uG,f&mt&Sif[líum; wdwdususvufrcHEdkif

yg/ þtcsufESifhywfoufí rGwfpvifrfrsm;\ ,HkMunfrIwGif >cif;csuf&Sdayonf/

]]t&Sif\wefcdk;awmfrSm teEjåzpfNyD;t&SifhrSm yHkyef; o@mef(½kyfoGif)r&Sdyg/ t&Sifonf

NyD;jynfhpHkawmfrlí aeuJhodkYaom xGef;vif;awmufyonfh t&mtm;vHk; udkvnf;

xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufawmfrl\/ xdkt&Sifonf uREfkyftm; ab;Oy'fa&mufaprnf

r[kwfyg/ þonfrSm uREfkyf\ &Sdcdk;ylaZmfrIjzpfonf/ t&Sifonf arG;zGm;jcif;udk

rcH&aomaMumifh t&SifomvQifuREfkyfwdkY\ udk;uG,fjcif; udk cH,lxdkufawmfrlyg\/

[The Yajur veda by Devi Chand M.A-pg.377]

(2) ]t&SifhrSm cE¨mr&Sdyg/ t&SifonfoefY&Sif;pifMu,f ygonf/}

[Yajur veda 40:8]

]xd kt&Sifonf vif;0if;awmufyrI&S d jcif;? cE¨mr&S d? tjypftemtqmr&S d?

26


tukodkvftnpftaMu;r&Sd? tvGefw&m oefY&Sif;pifMu,fawmfrlaom t&SifjzpfNyD;

t&Sifhudk rnfonfh raumif;aom tiftm;pk (raumif; qdk;0g;)urQ xdk;azmuf

zsufqD;EdkifpGrf;r&Sdyg/ tjrifus,f aom? ÓPftajrmftjrifESifh jynfhpHkawmfrlaom?

vTrf;jcHKEdkifaom? rdrdbmom&yfwnfEdkifaom? t&Sifonf xm0&ESpfumvrsm;twGuf

avsmfuefaom awmif;qkd csufrsm;twkdif;&nf&G,fcsufrsm;jyXmef;awmfrl\/}

[Yajur veda 40:8] [Yajur veda samhita by Ralph I.H. Griffith pg-

538]

teEÅwefcdk;awmf&Sif udk;uG,f&mt&Siftm; ewfbk&m;rsm;\ trnfrsm;

wyfí ac:a0:orkwfjcif;onf ,m*sL;a0'usrf;\ atmufazmfjyyg usrf;pmydk'f

rsm;ESifh qefYusifaMumif;udk od&SdEdkifonf/

]]t&SifESifhwkEIdif;zG,f&m yHko@mef[lí wpfpHkwpf&mrQr&Sdyg/}} [Yajurved 32 : 3]

&pf*fa0'usrf;twGJ (2)? tcef; (1)? tydk'f(3)wGif azmfjyxm;aom

udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\ vSyaom*kPf&nfawmfwpfckrSm ]AdóEdk;} jzpfonf/

]AdóEdk;} [laom pum;vHk;\t"dyÜm,frSm ]xdef;odrf;awmfrlaomt&Sif}[k

t"dyÜm,f&ygonf/ þa0g[m&udktm&ADbmomjzif h ]&Af}(ok d Yr[kwf)

]tqifhqifhjyKpk ysdK;axmif?xdef;odrf;?apmifha&Smufawmfrlaomt&Sif}[k teuf

&onf/rGwfpvifrfrsm;twGuf ]udk;uG,f&mt&Siftm; ]&Af}(okdY) ]xdef;odrf;

apmifha&Smufol}(okdY) ]AdóEdk;} rnfodkYyif &nfñTef; ac:a0:rIukdrqdk uefYuGuf

&efr&Sdyg/ odkYaomf [dELbmom0ifrsm;tMum; ]AdóEdk;}\ txif&Sm;qHk;yHkawmfrSm

vufav;buf&Sdaom? nmbufvufwpfzufwGif pBuFmudkudkifaqmifxm;aom?

b,fbufvufwpfzufwGif c½koif;udk udkifaqmifxm;aom?iSufudk pD;eif;

xm;aom(okdYr[kwf) ovGefuJhodkY jzpfaeaom a>rBuD;ay:wGifvJavsmif;aeaom

yHkawmfjzpfonf/ ]rGwfpvifrfrsm;taeESifh udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\rGwfpvifrfrsm;taeESifh udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\rGwfpvifrfrsm;taeESifh udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\rGwfpvifrfrsm;taeESifh udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\rGwfpvifrfrsm;taeESifh udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\ rnfonhfrnfonhfrnfonhfrnfonhfrnfonhf

yHkyef;oP²mefudkrQvufrcHEdkifyg/yHkyef;oP²mefudkrQvufrcHEdkifyg/yHkyef;oP²mefudkrQvufrcHEdkifyg/yHkyef;oP²mefudkrQvufrcHEdkifyg/yHkyef;oP²mefudkrQvufrcHEdkifyg/} þodkY[dE´Lbmom0ifrsm;u? udk;uG,f&m

t&Siftm;yHkyef;oP²mefrsm; ykHazmfí udk;uG,fqnf;uyfaejcif;rSm ,m*sL;

a0'usrf;?tydk'f (40;9)udk qefYusifaeayonf/

(3) &pf*fa0'usrf;\ atmufazmfjyygusrf;ydk'frsm;udk qifjcif oHk;oyf Munfhyg/

]]tdk-cspfrdwfaqGwdk Y? xm0&wnf&Sdaom udk;uG,f&mt&SifrSvGJí rnfol wpfOD;

wpfa,mufudkrQ toifrudk;uG,fygESifh}}

27


[Rig veda Book 8:1:1, Rig veda Samhiti Vol ix, pg 1 and 2 by Swami Satyaprakash

Sarasvati and Satyakam Vidhya Lankar.]

(4) ]]ynmÓPfESifhjynfhpHkaom a,m*Drsm;onf ¤if;wdkY\ pdwftm½Hk rsm;udkpkpnf;í

trSef wu,fBuD;us,f jrifhjrwf awmfrlaom ae&mwum ü&SdaomteEÅbkef;awmf&Sif?

teEÅÓPfawmf&Sif? udk;uG,f&mt&Sifüom tm½Hkappm;xm;ayonf/ xdkt&Sif

onfomvQif a,m*Drsm;\ vkyfaqmifrIrsm;udk odjrifawmfrlNyD;? ¤if;wdk Y\

tm½HkcHrsm;udk oufqdkif&m vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm; wduspGm aqmif&GufEdkifap&ef

aeom;wusjzpfapawmfrl\/ {ueftrSefyif zefqif;&Sif (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)onf

bkef;awmfteEÅESifh jynfhpHkawmfrlNyD; BuD;us,f jrifhjrwfawmfrlyg\/}}

[Rig veda 5:81], [Rig veda Samhiti Volume 6 page 1802 and 1803 by Swami

Satya Prakash Saraswati and Satya Ram Vidhya Lamka.]

[dELa0'EåESifhjAm[®okw&[dELa0'EåESifhjAm[®okw&[dELa0'EåESifhjAm[®okw&[dELa0'EåESifhjAm[®okw&[dELa0'EåESifhjAm[®okw&

[dELa0'Eå\jAm[®okw&[lonfrSm ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif (bk&m;)wpfqlwnf;

om&Sd\/ 'kwd,ajrmuf udk;uG,f&m[lí r&Sd/ vHk;0OóHkr&Sd? vHk;0r&Sd/ tenf;i,f

pdk;pOf;rQyifr&Sd/}

xdkYaMumifh tpGJtvrf;rxm;bJ avhvmpl;prf;oGm;ygrSomvQif [dE´L

bmomu vufcH,HkMunfxm;aom ]ukd;uG,f&m t&Sif}[laom todonmudk

aumif;pGmem;vnfEdkifygonf/

qpf(pf)bmomwGif vufcHxm;onfh

]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}[laom todonm

qpf(cf)bmomonf qD;rdkufvnf;r[kwf? tm&d,efESifhvnf;rqdkif?

a0'ESifhvnf;rywfoufaombmomwpfck jzpfonf/ qpf(cf)bmomonf

urÇm ht"dubmomBuD;rsm;wGif ryg0ifaomfvnf; [dE´Lt,l0g'\

tudkif;tcuftjzpf ay:xGef;vmcJhaom t,l0g'wpf&yfjzpfonf/ þbmomudk

(15)&mpkESpftqHk;ydkif;cefYwGif *k½kemewf(cf)[laom yk*¾dKvfrSpwif wnfaxmif

cJhonf/ þbmomonf ygupöwefEdkifiHESifh tdE´d,EdkifiH?ajrmufbufa'o&Sd

28


yef*sAfa'oBuD; (jrpfBuD;ig;oG,f)wGif pwifay:aygufcJhygonf/ *k½kemewf(cf)

onf cwdå,rsdK;EG,f rdom;pkrSaygufyGm;vmaomfvnf; tpövmrfbmom

ESifhrGwfpvifrfwdkYu ¤if;tm;tBuD;tus,fvTrf;rdk;ae ayonf/

qpf(cf)ESifh qpf(cf)0g'\teuft"dyÜm,fqpf(cf)ESifh qpf(cf)0g'\teuft"dyÜm,fqpf(cf)ESifh qpf(cf)0g'\teuft"dyÜm,fqpf(cf)ESifh qpf(cf)0g'\teuft"dyÜm,fqpf(cf)ESifh qpf(cf)0g'\teuft"dyÜm,f

qpf(cf)[laoma0g[m&rSm ]ppf(p),}[laom pum;rS qif;oufvmNyD;

wynfhawmf (odkY) ]aemufvdkuf}[k t"dyÜm,f&onf/ qpf(cf) bmomonf *k½kBuD;

(10)yg;\ bmomw&m;jzpfNyD;? yxrqHk;*k½kBuD;rSm *k½kemewf(cf)jzpfonf/

'órajrmuf *k½kBuD;\trnfrSm ]*dkbifqif;*f} jzpfonf/ qpf(cf) bmom\

jrifhjrwfaomusrf;*efrSm "Sri Guru Granth" jzpfNyD; 'Adi Granth Sahib' usrf;[kvnf;

ac:onf/

au-5rsdK;au-5rsdK;au-5rsdK;au-5rsdK;au-5rsdK;

qpf(cf)bmom0ifwdkif; atmufazmfjyygtcsuf(5)csufudk? ¤if;wdkY\

qpf(cf)bmom0ifjzpfaMumif; oufaocHtjzpf aqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfayonf/

(1) qHyift&Snfxm;jcif; (tm;vHk;aom*k½kBuD;rsm;onf qH&Snfxm;cJhMu

onf/)

(2) qHyif&Snfudk &Sif;vif;NzD;oif&ef ]bD;} aqmifxm;&rnf/

(3) tm;tifawmifhwif;&efESifh rdrdudk,fudkxdef;odrf;&ef owåK (odk Y) oHrPd

vufaumuf aqmifxm;&rnf/

(4) rdrdudk,fudkumuG,f&ef "g;aumufaqmifxm;&rnf/

(5) vQifjrefpGmESifhvG,fulpGma&GUvsm;Edkif&ef txl;csKyfxm;onfh 'l;qpftxd

&Snfvsm;aom atmufcHabmif;bD0wfxm;&rnf/

Mul-Mantra; ac: qpf (cf) bmom\ ac: qpf (cf) bmom\ ac: qpf (cf) bmom\ ac: qpf (cf) bmom\ ac: qpf (cf) bmom\

tajccH,HkMunfcsuftajccH,HkMunfcsuftajccH,HkMunfcsuftajccH,HkMunfcsuftajccH,HkMunfcsuf

qpf(cf)0g'udk vdkufemaqmif&GufMuaom qpf(cf)0g'Drsm;u ]udk;uG,f&m

t&Sif}ESifhywfoufí ay;EdkifMuaom taumif;qHk;tajzrSm ]Mul Mantra} jzpfonf/

þonfrSm qpf(cf)0g'\ tajccH,HkMunfcsufjzpfNyD; *k½kBuD;*&efY(of) qGm[pf(Af)

vufxuftapmydkif;umvwGif ay:xGef;acJhonf/ þ,HkMunfcsufudk Sri Guru

29


Granth Sahib twGJ(1)? Japuji? yxrydk'fwGif atmufygtwdkif;azmfjyxm;onf/

]]ukd;uG,f&mt&Sif}bk&m;onf wpfqlwnf;&Sdonf/ t&Sifonf zefqif;&Sif tppftrSefjzpf

onf/ t&Sifonf aMumuf½GHYjcif;?rkef;wD;jcif;rS uif;a0;onhf xm0&touf&Sifawmfrlaom?

rarG;zGm;aom? rdrdbmomwnf&SdEdkifaom? BuD;us,fjrifhjrwfawmfrlaom r[mu½kPm&Sif

jzpfonf/}}

qpf(cf)0g't&? qpf(cf)bmom0ifrsm;onf pnf;rsOf;wif;usyfaom

]wpfqlwnf;aom udk;uG,f&mt&Sifudk udk;uG,faom0g'}udk vdkufemMu&onf/

¤if;wdkYonf ]ek omkara}ac:aom? wpfyg;wnf;wnf&Sdawmfrlaom tBuD;

tus,fqkH; tjrifhjrwfqHk;aombk&m;&Sifudk ouf0if,HHkMunfMuonf/

&Sif;vif;aomyHkpHjzifh ac:a0:wçoaombk&m;\trnfrSm Omkara jzpfNyD;?¤if;\*kPfawmfrsm;rSm-

- zefqif;&Sif

- bk&m;&Sif? bk&m;ocif

- xm0&wnf&Sdaomt&Sif

- jrifhjrwfoefYpifaom trnfemrawmfrsm;ydkif&Sif

- cspfcif jrwfEdk;awmfrlaomt&Sif(xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufawmfrlaomt&Sif)

- r[mu½kPm&Sif

- apmifrMunfh½Iawmfrlaomapwem&Sif

- 0[D*k½k (ac:) ppfrSefaom wpfqlwnf;wnfawmfrlaom bk&m;&Sif

qpf(cf)0g'onf tvGefwif;usyfaom ]wpfqlwnf;aombk&m;} udk,HkMunf

onfh0g'jzpfonfhtjyif ]t0w&} ac: vl0ifpm;jcif;[laomt,ltqudk

r,HkMunfMuay/ teEÅ bkef;awmf&Sifbk&m;taeESifh ]t0w&}[kac:aom

vl0ifpm; bk&m;tjzpf rdrdudk,fudkb0ajymif; 0ifpm;jcif;rjyK[k ,HkMunfonf/

qpf(cf)0g'onf ½kyfwkqnf;uyfudk;uG,fjcif;udk jyif;jyif;xefxef qefYusifonf/

*k½kemewf(cf)onf ubD;&f\vTrf;rd k;rIcH&jcif; *k½kemewf(cf)onf ubD;&f\vTrf;rd k;rIcH&jcif; *k½kemewf(cf)onf ubD;&f\vTrf;rd k;rIcH&jcif; *k½kemewf(cf)onf ubD;&f\vTrf;rd k;rIcH&jcif; *k½kemewf(cf)onf ubD;&f\vTrf;rd k;rIcH&jcif;

*k½kemewf(cf)\ tawG;tac:rsm;wGif olawmfpifubD;(&f)\ t,ltq

ajymMum;csufrsm;u MoZmoufa&mufaeonf/ þtaMumif;udk t&Sif&S&D

30


*k½kemewf(cf)\ usrf;vmu@tawmfrsm;rsm;rSmyif ubD;&f\uAsmrsm; (tqHk;

um&efwl vHk;a&nDESpfaMumif;uAsmrsdK;rsm;) yg0ifaecsufu oufaocHae

ayonf/

]]vlom;wdkif;onf 'ku©ESifh&ifqdkif&aomtcg bk&m;ocifudkowd&

wwfMuNyD;? Nidrf;csrf;om,maysmf&Tifaecdkuf0,f bk&m;&Sifudk arhavsmhwwfMu\/

wpfpHkwpfOD;taeESifh Nidrf;csrf;om,maysmf&TifaecdkufrSmyg bk&m;&Siftm;owd&

wrf;wrysufcJhygvQif xdkolYtay:wGif rnfodkYaomab;'ku©rQ qdkufa&muf

vmrnf r[kwfacs/}}

txufpmydk'fyguAsm\ qdkvdk&if;udk atmufazmfjyyg usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\

tm,ofawmfESifh EdIif;,SOfqifjcif oHk;oyfyg/

�� ! "#�$ �%�& �'(�� )� ��*

+� ,-�.��/� ��!�0 �1 ��,2�� -�3* �-��4 +�� 05 �%��6 �� 7�&

�� 8�9�:�1 �+�� ;� �� 2��2�4 <�#(=�>�� ?�@A (-�4 ��2��B

]]pifppfaomfum; (rk&Sf&pfuf)vlom;ü ab; tEå&m,f wpfpHkwpf&m]]pifppfaomfum; (rk&Sf&pfuf)vlom;ü ab; tEå&m,f wpfpHkwpf&m]]pifppfaomfum; (rk&Sf&pfuf)vlom;ü ab; tEå&m,f wpfpHkwpf&m]]pifppfaomfum; (rk&Sf&pfuf)vlom;ü ab; tEå&m,f wpfpHkwpf&m]]pifppfaomfum; (rk&Sf&pfuf)vlom;ü ab; tEå&m,f wpfpHkwpf&m

qdkufa&mufcJhaomtcg xdkvlom;rSm ¤if;tm; zefqif;arG;jrLqdkufa&mufcJhaomtcg xdkvlom;rSm ¤if;tm; zefqif;arG;jrLqdkufa&mufcJhaomtcg xdkvlom;rSm ¤if;tm; zefqif;arG;jrLqdkufa&mufcJhaomtcg xdkvlom;rSm ¤if;tm; zefqif;arG;jrLqdkufa&mufcJhaomtcg xdkvlom;rSm ¤if;tm; zefqif;arG;jrL

awmfrlaom t&Sifjrwfbufodk Y pdwfa&mudk,fygvSnfhí xdkt&Sifawmfrlaom t&Sifjrwfbufodk Y pdwfa&mudk,fygvSnfhí xdkt&Sifawmfrlaom t&Sifjrwfbufodk Y pdwfa&mudk,fygvSnfhí xdkt&Sifawmfrlaom t&Sifjrwfbufodk Y pdwfa&mudk,fygvSnfhí xdkt&Sifawmfrlaom t&Sifjrwfbufodk Y pdwfa&mudk,fygvSnfhí xdkt&Sif

jrwftm; [pfatmf (wo)av\/ xdkYaemuf ¤if;tm;xdkt&Sifjrwfjrwftm; [pfatmf (wo)av\/ xdkYaemuf ¤if;tm;xdkt&Sifjrwfjrwftm; [pfatmf (wo)av\/ xdkYaemuf ¤if;tm;xdkt&Sifjrwfjrwftm; [pfatmf (wo)av\/ xdkYaemuf ¤if;tm;xdkt&Sifjrwfjrwftm; [pfatmf (wo)av\/ xdkYaemuf ¤if;tm;xdkt&Sifjrwf

onf rdrdtxHawmfrS aus;Zl;awmf wpfpHkwpf&mudk csD;jr§ifhawmfrlonf rdrdtxHawmfrS aus;Zl;awmf wpfpHkwpf&mudk csD;jr§ifhawmfrlonf rdrdtxHawmfrS aus;Zl;awmf wpfpHkwpf&mudk csD;jr§ifhawmfrlonf rdrdtxHawmfrS aus;Zl;awmf wpfpHkwpf&mudk csD;jr§ifhawmfrlonf rdrdtxHawmfrS aus;Zl;awmf wpfpHkwpf&mudk csD;jr§ifhawmfrl

aomtcg ¤if;rSm,cifu xdkt&Sifjrwftm; rdrd [pfatmf (wo)aomtcg ¤if;rSm,cifu xdkt&Sifjrwftm; rdrd [pfatmf (wo)aomtcg ¤if;rSm,cifu xdkt&Sifjrwftm; rdrd [pfatmf (wo)aomtcg ¤if;rSm,cifu xdkt&Sifjrwftm; rdrd [pfatmf (wo)aomtcg ¤if;rSm,cifu xdkt&Sifjrwftm; rdrd [pfatmf (wo)

vQuf&S dcJ honfudk arhavsmhoGm;\/ xdkrSwpfyg; ¤if;onf (olvQuf&S dcJ honfudk arhavsmhoGm;\/ xdkrSwpfyg; ¤if;onf (olvQuf&S dcJ honfudk arhavsmhoGm;\/ xdkrSwpfyg; ¤if;onf (olvQuf&S dcJ honfudk arhavsmhoGm;\/ xdkrSwpfyg; ¤if;onf (olvQuf&S dcJ honfudk arhavsmhoGm;\/ xdkrSwpfyg; ¤if;onf (ol

wpfyg;wdkYtm;) xdk t&Sifjrwf\ vrf;awmfrS vGJacsmfwdrf;yg;ap&efwpfyg;wdkYtm;) xdk t&Sifjrwf\ vrf;awmfrS vGJacsmfwdrf;yg;ap&efwpfyg;wdkYtm;) xdk t&Sifjrwf\ vrf;awmfrS vGJacsmfwdrf;yg;ap&efwpfyg;wdkYtm;) xdk t&Sifjrwf\ vrf;awmfrS vGJacsmfwdrf;yg;ap&efwpfyg;wdkYtm;) xdk t&Sifjrwf\ vrf;awmfrS vGJacsmfwdrf;yg;ap&ef

xdkt&Sifjrwfü *kPf&nfwlrsm;udk jyKvkyfowfrSwfav\/xdkt&Sifjrwfü *kPf&nfwlrsm;udk jyKvkyfowfrSwfav\/xdkt&Sifjrwfü *kPf&nfwlrsm;udk jyKvkyfowfrSwfav\/xdkt&Sifjrwfü *kPf&nfwlrsm;udk jyKvkyfowfrSwfav\/xdkt&Sifjrwfü *kPf&nfwlrsm;udk jyKvkyfowfrSwfav\/

(td k -eA Dwre fawm f) toifonf (xd kv lom;tm; þok d Y )(td k -eA Dwre fawm f) toifonf (xd kv lom;tm; þok d Y )(td k -eA Dwre fawm f) toifonf (xd kv lom;tm; þok d Y )(td k -eA Dwre fawm f) toifonf (xd kv lom;tm; þok d Y )(td k -eA Dwre fawm f) toifonf (xd kv lom;tm; þok d Y )

ajymMum;ygav/ ]]toifonf rdrd\ aoGznfrIjzifh (aeY&uf)ajymMum;ygav/ ]]toifonf rdrd\ aoGznfrIjzifh (aeY&uf)ajymMum;ygav/ ]]toifonf rdrd\ aoGznfrIjzifh (aeY&uf)ajymMum;ygav/ ]]toifonf rdrd\ aoGznfrIjzifh (aeY&uf)ajymMum;ygav/ ]]toifonf rdrd\ aoGznfrIjzifh (aeY&uf)

tenf;i,frQtusdK; aus;Zl;cHpm;avmh/ {uefrvGJtoifonftenf;i,frQtusdK; aus;Zl;cHpm;avmh/ {uefrvGJtoifonftenf;i,frQtusdK; aus;Zl;cHpm;avmh/ {uefrvGJtoifonftenf;i,frQtusdK; aus;Zl;cHpm;avmh/ {uefrvGJtoifonftenf;i,frQtusdK; aus;Zl;cHpm;avmh/ {uefrvGJtoifonf

i&Jom; wdk YwGif tygt0if jzpfonf/ }}i&Jom; wdk YwGif tygt0if jzpfonf/ }}i&Jom; wdk YwGif tygt0if jzpfonf/ }}i&Jom; wdk YwGif tygt0if jzpfonf/ }}i&Jom; wdk YwGif tygt0if jzpfonf/ }} (uk&ftmef 39;8)(uk&ftmef 39;8)(uk&ftmef 39;8)(uk&ftmef 39;8)(uk&ftmef 39;8)

31


Zdk½dktufpx&d,ef0g'wGif vufcH,HkMunfxm;aom


Zdk½dktufpx&d,ef(ac:) Zdk½dktufpx&m0g'onf vGefcJhaom ESpfaygif;

(2500)ausmfcefYu yg&Sm;EdkifiH (,ck-tD&efEdkifiH) tm&d,efa'owGif tpjyK

ay:xGef;cJhavonf/ tjcm;urÇmh txifu& bmomw&m;rsm;ESifh EdIif;,SOfvQif

ouf0if,HkMunfol ta&twGufenf;yg;aomfvnf;? þbmomw&m;onf

urÇmha&S;tusqHk; bmomw&m;wpfck jzpfonf/ vuf&Sd tajctaewGif

þbmom0ifta&twGufrSm(130000) ausmfcefYom&Sdonf/ tD&efvlrsdK;

Zdk½dktufpwmonf txufazmfjyyg Zdk½dktufpxd&efbmomw&m;udk xlaxmif

oljzpfNyD; ]ygpD0g'} [lívnf; ac:a0:Muonf/ ygpDbmom0ifrsm;\

xif&Sm;aomusrf;*efrsm;rSm 'gpmwD,mESifh tAufpfwmwdkYjzpfonf/

Zdk½dktuf(pf)x&d,efbmomwGif ]xm0&bk&m;ocif} udk ]t[l&m;rmZ'g}

[kac:wGifonf/ t[l&m;qdkonfrSm ]t&Sif}? ]ocif} [k t"dyÜg,f&NyD;

]rmZ'g}[lonf ]ynm ÓPfESifhjynfhpHkaom} [kt"dyÜm,f&ygonf/ xdkYaMumifh

]t[l&m;rmZ'g}qdkonf ]ÓPfawmf&Sifbk&m;} (0g) ]ynmÓPf&Sdaom t&Sif

ocif}[k t"dyÜm,f&onf/ odkYjzpfay&m wpfqlwnf;aombk&m;udk udk;uG,f

qnf;uyfMuolrsm;\ ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}onf t[l&m;rmZ'gyif jzpfonf[k

,lqEdkif\/

'gpmwD,musrf;t& ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}\ *kPfawmfrsm;(t&nftaoG;rsm;)'gpmwD,musrf;t& ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}\ *kPfawmfrsm;(t&nftaoG;rsm;)'gpmwD,musrf;t& ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}\ *kPfawmfrsm;(t&nftaoG;rsm;)'gpmwD,musrf;t& ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}\ *kPfawmfrsm;(t&nftaoG;rsm;)'gpmwD,musrf;t& ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}\ *kPfawmfrsm;(t&nftaoG;rsm;)

'gpmwD,musrf;t&? t[l&m;rmZ'gbk&m;wGif atmufazmfjyyg t&nf

taoG;rsm;ESifh jynfhpHkayonf/

(1) t&Sifonf wpfyg;wnf;wnf&Sdawmfrl\/

(2) t&SifESifhqifwlaomt&m[lí wpfpHkwpf&mrQr&Sd/

(3) t&SifhrSm tpvnf;r&Sd? tqHk;vnf;r&Sd/

(4) t&SifhrSm tazvnf;r&Sd? tarvnf;r&Sd? ZeD;Muif,mvnf;r&Sd? om;orD;

vnf;r&Sd/

(5) t&SifhrSm cEmvnf;r&Sd? ykHyef;oP²mefvnf;r&Sd/

(6) rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,muf\ ½kyfrsufvHk;rQ olYudk rjrifEdkif? rnfonfh

32


pdwful;tm½HkrQt&Sifhudk MuHpnfpdwful; awG;awmMunfhí r&Edkifyg/

(7) toifMuHpnfpdwful;orQ t&mtm;vHk;xufom vGef\/

(8) t&Sifonfoifudk,fwdkifxufydkí eD;uyfaomae&mwGif toifESifheD;uyfpGm

&Sdaeawmfrl\/

tAufpwmusrf;wGif azmfjyxm;aom ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif} \*kPf&nfawmf

rsm;rSm atmufygtwdkif;jzpfonf/

(1) zefqif;&Sif (Yasna 31:7&11,44:7, 50:11, 51:7)

(2) tiftm;t&SdqHk;aomt&Sif (0g) tBuD;us,fqHk;t&Sif (Yasna 33:11, 45:6)

(3) aus;Zl;jyKawmfrlaomt&Sif "Hudai" [Yasna 33:11, 48:3]

(4) &ufa&mjynfhpHkawmfrlaomt&Sif- "Spenta" [Yasna 43:4,5,7,9,11,13,15]

(Yasna 44:2, 45:5, 46:9, 48:3)

*sL;bmom(,k'0g')wGif vufcHxm;onfh


,k'0g' (0g) *sL;bmomonf qD;rdkufbmomw&m;rsm;teuf? t"du

bmomw&m;wpfck jzpfonf/ þbmomudk ouf0if,HkMunf vdkufemolrsm;udk

,k'[kac:NyD;? ¤if;wdkYonf wrefawmfrlpm(arma&S) ESifh ol\w&m;a'oemrsm;udk

,HkMunfvdkufemcJholrsm; jzpfMuonf/

w&m;a[m&musrf;(Deuteronomy)rS atmufazmf jyygusrf;ydk'frsm;onf

wrefawmfrlpm(arma&S)u ol\ aemufvdkufrsm;tm; tav;teuf wdkufwGef;

tm;ay;csufrsm; jzpfonf/

(1) ]tdk-£oa&vtrsdK;? em;axmifavmh/ igwdkY\bk&m;ocif xm0&bk&m;onf

wpfqlwnf;aom xm0& bk&m; jzpfawmfrl\/} [The Bible, Duet 6:4]

(2) a[&Sm,em*wdå(Isaiah)usrf;rS atmufazmfjyyg usrf;ydk'frsm;udk qifjcif

oHk;oyfyg/

]]igwpfyg;wnf;onf xm0&bk&m;jzpfí igrSwpfyg;u,fwif aomocifr&Sd}}

33


[The Bible, Isaiah, 43:11]

(3) ]]igwpfyg;wnf;om xm0&bk&m;jzpf\/ igrSwpfyg; tjcm;aom bk&m;ocifr&Sd}}


(4) ]]igonfbk&m;ocifjzpf\/ igrSwpfyg; tjcm;aom bk&m;r&Sd/}}


(5) ,k'0g'(odk Y) *sL;bmomonf ½kyfxkrsm;udk;uG,fjcif;udk jypfwif

½IHUcsaom0g'jzpfaMumif; atmufazmfjyygusrf;ykd'frsm;t& avhvmod&SdEdkifygonf/

]]igrSwpfyg; tjcm;aombk&m;ud k rud k;uG,fESif h/ txufrd k;aumif;

uifüvnf;aumif;? atmuft&yfajrBuD;ay:üvnf;aumif;? ajrBuD;atmuf

a&xJüvnf;aumif;&S daomt&mESif h y H ko@mefwlatmif? ½kyfwkud k

ud k,f htzd k YrvkyfESif h/ rif; olwdk Yud k OD;rcs0wfrjyKESif h/ taMumif;rlum;?

oif\bk&m;ocif igxm0&bk&m;onf? oifhütjypf&Sdonf[k ,HkvG,f

aombk&m;jzpf\/}} (or®musrf;pm? vGwfajrmuf&musrf; 20;3-5)

txufazmfjyygazmfjycsufESifh qifwlaomowday; vrf;ñTefcsufudk

w&m;a[m&musrf; (Deuteronomy) wGifxyfrHí rdefYqdkxm;aMumif;awGU&onf/

]]igrSwpfyg; tjcm;aombk&m;udk rudk;uG,fESif h/ txufrdk;aumif;uif

üvnf;aumif;? atmuft&yfajrBuD;ay:üvnf;aumif;? ajrBuD;atmuf

a&xJüvnf;aumif;? &Sdaomt&mESifh yH kyef;o@mefwlatmif½kyfwkudk

ukd,fhtzdkYrvkyfESifh/ OD;rcs? 0wfrjyKygESifh/ taMumif;rlum; oif\bk&m;ocif

igxm0&bk&m;onf oihfütjypf&Sdonf[k ,HkvG,faombk&m; jzpf\/}}

(or®musrf;pm? w&m;a[musrf; 5;7-9)

c&pf,mefbmomwGif vufcHxm;onfh

]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}[laomtodonm

c&pf,meft,l0g'onf qD;rdkufbmomw&m;wpfckjzpfNyD;? ,cktcg

wpfurÇmvHk;wGif c&pf,mefbmom0if ta&twGufrSm oef; (2000)cefY&Sdonf[k

tcdkiftrmqdkaeMuygonf/ c&pf,meft,l0g'onf a,½Ic&pf (�) trnf

emray:wGif t&if;cHírSnfhac:xm;aom trnfjzpfonf/ a,½Iocif

34


(wrefawmftDpm) onf tpövmrfwGif Munfñdkav;pm;jcif;cH&aom wrefawmf

wpfyg;jzpfonf/ c&pf,mefr[kwfaom t,l0g'rsm;teuf (tpövmrf

bmomonf) a,½Iocifudk ,HkMunf&efjy|mef;xm;aom wpfckwnf;aom

bmomw&m; jzpfonf/

c&pf,mefbmomwGif vufcHxm;aom ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif} [laom

todonmudk aqG;aEG;rwifjyrD tpövmrfbmomu vufcHxm;aom

ocifa,½I\ taetxm;udk pl;prf;avhvmMunfhygpdkY/

(1) tpövmrfonf ocifa,½Itay:wGif pGJNrJaom ,HkMunf csufxm;&Sdonfh

c&pf,mefr[kwfaom bmomw&m;rsm;teuf wpfckwnf;aom

bmomjzpfonf/ rGwfpvifrf[k cH,lxm;olwpfOD;onf ocifa,½Iudk

vufcH,HkMunfrIr&Sdygu olonf ppfrSefaom rGwfpvifrf rjzpfEdkifay/

(2) uREfkyfwkd YrGwfpvifrfrsm;u ocifa,½Ionf? tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\

pGrf;tm;BuD;us,faom wrefawmfrsm;teufrSwpfyg;[k ,HkMunfMuonf/

(3) acwfopfc&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm;u r,HkMunfMuaomfvnf;? o c i f

a,½Ionf rnfonfha,mufsm;ESif hrQ ul;vl;qufqHrIr&SdygbJvQuf

tysdKpifppfppfrdcifrSxl;qef; tHhMozG,f&marG;zGm;vmaMumif;udk uREfkyfwdkY

rGwfpvifrfrsm; ,HkMunfMuonf/

(4) ocifa,½Ionf xm0&udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\ cGifhjyKcsuft& olaoudk

toufoGif;jycJhonf[k ,HkMunfMuonf/

(5) ocifa,½Ionf xm0&udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\cGifhjyKcsufjzifh arG;&myg

rsufaphrjrifolrsm;ESifh tEla&m*gonfrsm;udk ukoaysmufuif;aponf

[k,HkMunfMuonf/

tu,fíwpfpHkwpfa,mufaomolu? rGwfpvifrfESifh c&pf,mefrsm;onf

ocifa,½Iudk cspfcifjrwfEdk;av;pm;MuygonfqdkvQif rnfonfhae&mwGif

þESpftkyfpk\t,ltq cGJxGufoGm;oenf;[kar;vmvQif tajzrSm atmufyg

twdkif;jzpfonf/ c&pf,mefrsm;u ocifa,½Ionf xm0&udk;uG,f&m

t&Sifbk&m;jzpfjcif;udk tcdkiftrm,HkMunfaejcif;yifjzpfonf/ c&pf,mef

bmomqdkif&musrf;*efrsm;ud k avhvmqnf;yl;rIrsm;t& ocifa,½I

udk,fawmfwdkifu rdrdonf udk;uG,f&mt&Sifbk&m;jzpfonf [laomtcsufudk

35


rnfonfhtcgurQ a&;om; azmfjyxm;jcif;rsdK;r&SdaMumif;udk zGifhvSpfazmfjy

aeayonf/ trSefrSmor®musrf;wpftkyfvHk;wGifocifa,½I udk,fawmfwdkif

u]uREf kyfonfud k;uG,f&mt&Sifjzpfonf} (od k Y) ]uREf kyftm; ud k;uG,f

qnf;uyfyg}}[lí jywfjywfom;om;? wdwdusus tqdkjyKa&;om;csuf

wpfckwpfavrQr&Sday/ trSefrSm or®musrf;wGif ocifa,½Iudk,fawmfwdkif

w&m;a'oema[mMum;&mwGif rdrdonf bk&m;jzpfonf[laomtcsufrsm;udk

a[mMum;cJhjcif;r&SdbJ qefYusifbuftaMumif;t&mrsm;? tqdkjyKcsufrsm;udk

a[mMum;cJ honfudk awGU&ayonf/or®musrf;pmwGif;rS ocifa,½I\

a[mMum;csufrsm;udk atmufazmfjyyg usrf;ydk'frsm;t& qifjcifoHk;oyfEdkifonf/

]ig\crnf;awmfonf ighxufomí BuD;jrwfawmfrl\/}

( &Sifa,m[ef? 14;28)

]ig\crnf;awmfonf cyfodrf;aomolwdkYxuf BuD;jrwfawmf rl\/}

(&Sifa,m[ef 10;29)

]igonfbk&m;ocif\ 0dnmOfawmfudk trSDjyKí ewfqdk;wdkYudk ESifxkwfon f

rSefvQif ---} (&SifróJ 14;28)

]--- igonf bk&m;ocif\ vufñId;awmftm;jzifh ewfqdk;wdkYudk

ESifxkwfonf rSefvQif ---} (&Sifvkum 11;20)

]igonf ud k,ftvdktavsmuf tb,ftrIud krQ rjyKEd ki f/ igonf

Mum;onfhtwdkif;w&m;pD&if\/ ig\pD&ifjcif;onfvnf; w&m;awmfESifh nDnGwf\/

taMumif;rlum; igonf udk,hftvdkod k Yrvdkuf? ighud k apvTwfawmf rlaom

crnf;awmftvdkodkYvkduf\/}} (&Sifa,m[ef 5;30)(&Sifa,m[ef 5;30)(&Sifa,m[ef 5;30)(&Sifa,m[ef 5;30)(&Sifa,m[ef 5;30)

a,½Ic&pf(�) tm;apvTwfjcif;

udk,fawmfonfvrf;ñTefw&m;rsm;udk jynfhpHkapjcif;tvdkYiSm <uvmawmfrljcif;

ocifa,½Ionf olYudk,folbk&m;jzpfaMumif; wpfcgrQ zGifh[ajymqdkrI

rjyKcJhacs/ olonfolYtm;]udk;uG,f&mt&Sifu apvTwfawmfrljcif;taMumif;ESifh

ol\wm0efudk&Sif;vif;pGm zGifh[aMujimcJhonf/} ocifa,½Itm; vGefavNyD;aom

*sL;rsm;ESifhqkdifaom vrf;ñTefw&m;rsm;udktwnfjyK&ef apvTwfawmfrlcJh\/

&SifróJc&pf0ifusrf;yg atmufazmfjyyg ocifa,½I\ a[mMum;csufrsm;u

36


]¤if;\wm0efonf *sL;rsm;ESifhqdkifaom vrf;ñTefw&m;rsm;udk twnfjyK&ef

jzpfonf} [laomtcsufudk xifxif&Sm;&Sm; axmufcHaeayonf/

]]ynwådusrf;? tem*wådusrf;rsm;udkzsufy,fjcif;iSm igvmonfr[kwf?

jynfhpH kapjcif;iSm igvmownf;/ igtrSefqdkonfrSmum; aumif;uifESif h

ajrBuD;rysufpD;rSDwdkifatmif? ynwådusrf;\ ti,fqHk;aom pmvHk;AdEK wpfvHk;rQ

jynfhpHkjcif;odkYra&mufrSD rysufpD;ap&/

xdkYaMumifh tMuifolonf ti,fqHk;aomynwfwpfckudk udk,fwdkif vGefusL;í

olwpfyg;wdkYtm;vnf; xdkYtwloGefoif\/ xdkolon f aumif;uifEdkifiHawmfü

ti,fqH k;aomol jzpfvdrf hrnf/ tMuifolonf ud k,fwd ki fusif hí

olwpfyg;wkd Ytm;vnf; oGefoif\/ xdkolonf aumif;uifEd kifiHawmfü

BuD;aomoljzpfvdrfhrnf/}} (or®musrf;? &SifróJ 5;17-20)

xm0&bk&m;ocif(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)u

a,½Ic&pfawmftm; apvTwfjcif;

(a,½Ic&pfawmftm; wrefawmftjzpf apvTwfjcif;ESifh? ocifa,½Itm;

apvTwfawmfrlaomobm0udk) or®musrf;\ atmufazmfjyygusrf;ydk'frsm;wGif

azmfjyxm;onf/

]]oifwdk YMum;aompum;onf ighpum;r[kwf? ighudkapvTwfawmfrlaom

crnf;awmf\ pum;awmfjzpf\/}} (or®musrf;? &Sifa,m[ef 14;24)

]]xm0&touf[lrlum;? rSefaombk&m;ocif? wpfqlwnf;jzpfawmf

rlaomukd,fawmfud kvnf;aumif;? apvTwfawmfrlaoma,½Ic&pfud k

vnf;aumif;? oduRrf;jcif;wnf;}}/ (or®musrf;? &Sifa,m[ef 17;3)

ocifa,½Iu olonfbk&m;jzpfonf[laomtcsufudk a&;a&;rQyif

a[mMum;cJ hjcif;r&S d/ atmufazmfjyyg or®musrf;pmrS jzpf&yfrsm;onf

þtcsufrsm;udk axmufcHaeayonf/

]]xd k Yaemuf vlwpfa,mufonfcsOf;uyfí aumif;jrwfaomq&m?

xm0&toufudk&tHhaomiSm tuREfkyfonf tb,faumif;rIudkjyK&ygrnf enf;[k

ar;avQmufaomfwzefa,½Iu xd koltm;ajymMum;onfrSm ighud k

37


aumif;jrwfonf[k tb,faMumifhac:oenf;/ bk&m;ocif wpfyg;wnf;om

aumif;jrwfawmfrl\ touf&Sifjcif;odk Y 0ifpm;vdkvQif ynwfawmfwdk Yudk

apmifha&Smufavmh[k rdefYawmfrl\/}} (or®musrf;? &SifróJ 19;16-17)

txufazmfjyyg? or®musrf;rS xkwfjyefxGufqdkcsufrsm;u? c&pf,mef

bmom0ifrsm; w&m;aovufcHxm;aom a,½Ic&pf(�)onf bk&m;jzpfonf

[laomtcsufESifh?c&pfawmfu rdrdudk,fudk pGefYvTwftepfemcHí vlom;rsm;udk

tjypfrS aq;aMumu,fwifonf[laom t,ltqudk twdty jiif;qdkae

ayonf/ ocifa,½Iudk,fwdkifu u,fwifjcif; cH,l&eftvdkYiSm ynwfawmfrsm;udk

vdkufemaqmif&Guf&ef wdkufwGef;EdI;aqmfxm;ayonf/ (or®musrf;? &SifróJ 19;16-

17)

eZ&ufrSocifa,½leZ&ufrSocifa,½leZ&ufrSocifa,½leZ&ufrSocifa,½leZ&ufrSocifa,½l

]bk&m;ocif\oabmwlvlom;}]bk&m;ocif\oabmwlvlom;}]bk&m;ocif\oabmwlvlom;}]bk&m;ocif\oabmwlvlom;}]bk&m;ocif\oabmwlvlom;}

or®musrf;rS atmufazmfjyygxkwfjyefcsufrsm;onf? a,½Iocifonf

]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}\wrefawmfjzpfonf [laom? tpövmrfh,HkMunfcsufrsm;udk

axmufcHaeayonf/

]]td k £oa&v(tpöa&;) trsdK;om;taygif;wd k Y Mum;emMuavmh/

eZ&ufNrdKUom;a,½Ionf bk&m;\oufaocHvlom; (tm,of)jzpfí?

bk&m;utoifwd k YtwGuf csrSwfay;vufp? w&m;a'oemrsm;ud k

Ny D;jynf hap&eftvdk Yi Sm tHzG,f&mjym#d[m? oufaovu©Pmrsm;ESif h

apvTwfawmfrlrnfudk oifwdkYbmomodMuavavmh/}}

yxrynwfawmfyxrynwfawmfyxrynwfawmfyxrynwfawmfyxrynwfawmf

udk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf wpfyg;wnf;omudk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf wpfyg;wnf;omudk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf wpfyg;wnf;omudk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf wpfyg;wnf;omudk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf wpfyg;wnf;om

or®musrf;pmu c&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm;\ ]oHk;yg;wpfql} [laom

t,ltqudk vHk;0raxmufcHMuay/ ocif a,½I(�)\ pma&;awmfwpfOD;u

ocifa,½Itm; ynwfawmfrsm;xJrS yxrqHk;ynwfawmfudk ar;avQmuf&mwGif

a,½Ic&pfonf? arma&S(rlpm)u rdefYawmfrlcJhonfudk xyfrHírdefYMum;cJhonf/

]]em;qifavmh td k£oa&v(trsdK;om;taygif;wd k Y igwd k Y\ bk&m;

ocifxm0&bk&m;onf wpfqlwnf;aomxm0&bk&m;jzpfawmfrl\/

38


xm0&bk&m;onf wpfyg;wnf;jzpfawmfrl\/}} (&Sifrmuk 12;29)

tpövmrfbmomwGif vufcHxm;aom

]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}[laomtodonm

tpövmrfbmomonf qD;rdkufbmomw&m;rsm;teufrSwpfckjzpfNyD;?

urÇmwpfvTm;wGif bmom0ifta&t wGufoef;(1200)ausmfcefY&Sdonf/

tpövmrf[lonf ]tv’m[ft&Sif\ tvdkawmftwdkif;vdkufemjcif;? emcHjcif;}[k

t"dyÜm,f&onf/ rGwfpvifrfrsm;onf usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefudk tv’m[f

t&SifxHawmfrS wrefawmfrk[r®'fay:wGif xkwfjyefcsrSwfay;aom tv’m[f

t&Sif\vrf;ñTef w&m;awmfrsm;[k,HkMunfonf/ urÇmhordkif;acwftquf

qufwGif tv’m[ft&SifxHrS wrefawmfrsm;apvTwfí ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf

tv’mm[fwpfyg;wnf;&SdaMumif;}ESifh ]aemifwrvGefb0wGif ppfaq;ar;jref;

jcif;cH&rnfhtaMumif;}rsm; udk owif;ay;aponf[ktpövmrfrS tcdkiftrmzGifh[

ajymqdkygonf/ xdkYaMumifh tpövmrfbmomwGif cdkifrmaombmoma&;

,HkMunfcsuftjzpf yGifhavukefaom wrefawmfrsm;udk ,HkMunfapygonf/

þwrefawmfrsm;rSm wrefawmftm'rf(�)rSpí wrefawmf El;[f(aemf{)(�)?

wrefawmftDA&m[ifrf(�)?; wrefawmf tpörmtDvf(�)? wrefawmf

tpö[muf(�)? wrefawmf,tfulAf(�)wrefawmfrlpm(�) wrefawmf

'g0k'f(�)wrefawmf ,[f,m((�)wrefawmftDpm (ocifa,½I)(�)ESifh

tjcm;aomwrefawmfrsm; yg0ifMuonf/

udk;uG,f&mt&Sif[laom a0g[m&twGuf

twdusqHk;aom t"dyÜm,fowfrSwfcsuf

tpövmrf\ ]]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}}[laom a0g[m&twGuf twdus

qHk;t"dyÜm,f owfrSwfcsufudk pl&m[f tdcfvmqGf (uk&ftmefu@ trSwf 112)&Sd

tm,ofawmf (4) ckutwdtuszGihfqdkxm;ygonf/

39


��

��

��

��

(1)(tdk-eADwrefawmf) toifonf ajymMum;ygav/ xdktv’m[f

t&Sifjrwfonf wpfqlwnf;jzpfawmfrl\/

(2)tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf vdkvm;awmifhwjcif; vHk;0uif;&Sif;awmfrl

aomt&Sif? olwpfyg;wdkY\ rSDcdk tm;xm;&mt&Sif? tEdIif;rJh xm0&t&Sif

jzpfawmfrl\/

(3) xdkt&Sifjrwfonf rnfolwpfOD; wpfa,mufudkrQ arG;zGm;

awmfrlcJhonf r[kwfay/ rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,muf\ arG;zGm;jcif;

udkvnf; cH&awmfrlonf r[kwfay/

(4) xdkrSwpfyg; xdkt&Sifjrwfü *kPf&nfwlol[lívnf; wpfOD;

wpfa,mufrQyif r&S day/ (usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef 112;1-4)

txufygpl&m[fu@\'kwd,usrf;ydk'fvm]tqGfqGr'f} [laoma0g[m&rSm

jynfhpHkpGmt"dyÜm,fjyefqdk&ef cJ,Of;ygonf/ ¤if;\teufrSm ]yuwdwnf&Sdjcif;}?

]t<uif;rJh wnfaejcif;}[kjzpfonf/ þ*kPfawmf\t&nftaoG;rSm tv’m[ft&Sif

wpfyg;wnf;ESifh xdkufwefonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf tv’m[ft&SifrSvGJí

tjcm;aom ouf&SdoufrJht&mtm;vHk; onfacwå,m,Dwnfaeaom (odkY)

tajctaewpf&yf tay:wGifrlwnfí &yfwnfaeMu&aomaMumifh jzpfonf/

xdkYaMumifh ]tqGfqGr'fonf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf rnfonfh vlyk*¾dKvf?

t&m0w¬KwpfpHkwpf&mwGifay:rS rSDwnfaejcif; r[kwfbJ? tm;vHk;aom

vlyk*¾ d Kvfrsm;ESif ht&m0w¬Kcyfodrf;uomvQif tv’m[ft&Sifay:wGifrSDí

wnf&SdaeMujcif;jzpfonf/}

40


]pl&[ftdcfvmqGf}]pl&[ftdcfvmqGf}]pl&[ftdcfvmqGf}]pl&[ftdcfvmqGf}]pl&[ftdcfvmqGf}

bmoma&;,HkMunfrIqdkif&mavhvmrIynm&yftwGuf rSwfausmufjzpfjcif;bmoma&;,HkMunfrIqdkif&mavhvmrIynm&yftwGuf rSwfausmufjzpfjcif;bmoma&;,HkMunfrIqdkif&mavhvmrIynm&yftwGuf rSwfausmufjzpfjcif;bmoma&;,HkMunfrIqdkif&mavhvmrIynm&yftwGuf rSwfausmufjzpfjcif;bmoma&;,HkMunfrIqdkif&mavhvmrIynm&yftwGuf rSwfausmufjzpfjcif;

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\ pl&m[fu@ (112)onf? pl&m[ftdcfvmqGf

jzpfayonf/ bmoma&;,HkMunfrIqdkif&mavhvmrI ynm&yftwGufrSwfausmuf

jzpfayonf/ þae&mwGif ]Theo}[laompum;rSm]bk&m;}[k t"dyÜm,f&í ]Logy}

[lonfrSm avhvmjcif;[kteuf&Sdonf/ xdkYaMumifh Theology rSm bk&m;rsm;

taMumi f ;avhvmjci f ; jzp fonf/ r Gw fpvifr fr sm ;twGuf ? teE Å

pGrf;tm;awmft&SifESifhywfoufí t"dyÜm,fowfrSwfcsuf(4)rsdK;&SdNyD;? ¤if;onf

oDtdkvdk*sD bmom&yftwGuf rSwfausmuftjzpf xrf;aqmifay;ayonf/

]udk;uG,fjcif;cHxkdufonf[k owfrSwfjcif;cH&aom t&mwdkif;onf rSwfausmuf

wifjcif;udk cHEdkif&ayrnf/} þ u@wGif azmfjyxm;aom (tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\

*kPf&nfawmfrsm;onf) ,SOfbufr&Sd jynfhpHkaeaomfvnf;? bk&m;wk bk&m;a,mif

rsm;rSmrl txufyg pl&m[fu@yg *kPf&nfawmfrsm;ESifh rSwfausmufwif

ppfaq;ygu tvG,fwuljyKwfusoGm;rnf jzpfayonf/

tpövmrfuajymaomvlom;bk&m;tpövmrfuajymaomvlom;bk&m;tpövmrfuajymaomvlom;bk&m;tpövmrfuajymaomvlom;bk&m;tpövmrfuajymaomvlom;bk&m;

tdEd´,EdkifiHonf rEkóbk&m;(odkY) vlom;bk&m;rsm;\ e,fajr[k

trnfausmf Mum;ygonf/ taMumif;rSm 0dÓOfyd ki f;qd kif&mq&mocif

tajrmuftjrm; tdEd´,wGif&Sdaejcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/ þyk*d¾Kvfrsm;teuf

rsm;pGmaom]bmbmbmbmbmbmbmbmbmbm} rsm;ESifh ]olawmfpifBuD;olawmfpifBuD;olawmfpifBuD;olawmfpifBuD;olawmfpifBuD;} rsm;wGif EdkifiHaygif;rsm;pGmrS vufcH

,HkMunfolaemufvdkufrsm; &SdMuayonf/ tpövmrfonf rnfonfhvlom;udktpövmrfonf rnfonfhvlom;udktpövmrfonf rnfonfhvlom;udktpövmrfonf rnfonfhvlom;udktpövmrfonf rnfonfhvlom;udk

(tzefqif;cH)udkrqdk udk;uG,fyojcif;udk rESpfNrdKUacs/(tzefqif;cH)udkrqdk udk;uG,fyojcif;udk rESpfNrdKUacs/(tzefqif;cH)udkrqdk udk;uG,fyojcif;udk rESpfNrdKUacs/(tzefqif;cH)udkrqdk udk;uG,fyojcif;udk rESpfNrdKUacs/(tzefqif;cH)udkrqdk udk;uG,fyojcif;udk rESpfNrdKUacs/

þuJhokdY bk&m;ta,mifaqmifolrsm;ESifhywfoufaom tpövmrf\

&yfwnfrI½Iaxmifhudkem;vnf&efrSm vlom; bk&m;wpfa,mufjzpfonfh ]atmpfh[dk

&m*sfeD;&Sf}udkqef;ppf avhvmMunfhMuygpdkY/ atmhpf[dk&m*sfeD;&Sfonf tdEd,rS xGuf

ay:vmaom ]0dÓOfa&;&mq&m0dÓOfa&;&mq&m0dÓOfa&;&mq&m0dÓOfa&;&mq&m0dÓOfa&;&mq&m} tajrmuftjrm;xJrSwpfOD; jzpfonf/

(1981)ckESpf?arvwGif olonftar&duefjynfaxmifpkodkYoGm;í ]&m;*sfeD;&Sf

41


yl&rf}[laomNrdKUudk xlaxmifcJhonf/ xdkYaemuf (taemufEdkifiHtmPmydkifrsm;udk)

Oya'pnf;rsOf;ESifh NidpGrf;aom ta&;udpöudkusL;vGefrIESifh qefYusifrdjcif;aMumifh?

¤if;wdkY\zrf;qD;tjypfay;jcif;cH&NyD; jynfESif'Pfay;cHcJh&avonf/ olonf

tdE´d,EdkifiHodkY jyefvmcJhNyD; ]ylae} wGif ]bHktzGJU}wpfckudk zGJUpnf;cJhNyD; ]atmhpf[dk

bHktzGJU}[k trnfwGif\/ &m;*sfeD;&Sfonf (1990)wGifuG,fvGefaoqHk;cJh\/

atmhpf[dk&m;*sfeD;&Sf\ aemufvdkufaemufygrsm;u olYudk teEÅ pGrf;tm;&Sif ]bk&m;}

[k ,HkMunfMuonf/ ]ylae}&Sd ]atmhpf[dk bHktzGJU}odkY tvnftywfa&muf&Sd

vmaom {nfhonfonf atmufazmfjyygocsØKif;pmudk &m;*sfeD;&Sf\tkwf*lay:wGif

awGUEdkifonf/

]]atmhpf[dkonf rnfonfhtcgrQ arG;zGm;jcif;rcH&ovdk rnfonfh

tcgrQaoqHk;jcif;vnf;r&Sd/ olonf (1931)ckESpf?'DZifbmv (11)&ufrS ZEé0g&Dv

(19)&uftxdom urÇmN*dK[fodkY tvnftywf a&muf&SdcJhjcif;jzpfonf/}}

ol\aemufvdkufrsm; a&;om;&efarhavsmhcJhonfrSm atmhpf[dktm; urÇmh

EdkifiH(21)EdkifiHodkY0ifcGifhADZmay;jcif;rcH&[laom tcsufjzpfonf/ atmpfh[dk

&m;*sfeD;&Sf\ aemufvdkufrsm;taeESifh olwdkY\bk&m; urÇmN*dK[fudkvnfywfpOfu

EdkifiH wpfEdkifiHodkY0ifa&muf&ef ADZmvdktyfjcif;[laom jyóemudk jyóem[k

rjrifcJhMuacs/

þbk&m;tjzpf owfrSwfjcif;cH&aom b*0rf &m;*sfeD;&Sftm; udk;uG,f&m

jzpfjcif;udk rSwfausmufwifEdkifonfh pl&m[ftdpfcfvmqGfyg*kPft&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh

ppfaq; wdkif;wmMunfhMuygpdkY/

(1) yxrqHk;]pHcsdef?pHñTef;}rSm ]ajymMum;avmh? olonf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf

jzpfonf/wpfyg;wnf; wnf&Sdawmfrlaomt&Sif jzpfonf}/////þpHcsdefpHñTef;jzifh

]&m;*sfeD;&Sfonf wpfyg;wnf; wpfa,mufwnf;omvQif&Sdaomoljzpfygovm;}

[lonfhtcsufudkppfaq;ygu? olonfudk;uG,f&m t&SifrjzpfEdkifawmhyg/

tb,faMumifhqdkaomf &m;*sfeD;&S fuJhodk Yyif rdrdudk,fudkbk&m;jzpfonf[k

tcdkiftrmajymqdkae aomolrsm; trsm;tjym;&Sdonf/ &m;*sfeD;&Sf\ tcsdKUaom

aemufvdkufrsm;taeESifh olonfwpfyg;wnf; wpfa,mufwnf;&Sdol[lonfh

,HkMunfcsufudk qufvufpGJudkifaumif; pGJudkifaernfjzpfonf/

(2) 'kwd,]pHEIef;}rSm]tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf vdkvm; awmif hwjcif;

42


vHk;0uif;&Sif;awmfrlaomt&Sif? olwpfyg;wdkY\ rSDcdktm;xm;&mt&Sif? tEdIif;rJh

xm0&t&Sifjzpf awmfrl\/}

&m;*sfeD;&Sfonf (1990)ckESpfwGif uG,fvGefaoqHk;cJhaomaMumifh olonf

vdkvm;awmifhw rSDcd krIuif;jcif;ESifh xm0&wnf&Sdaomolr[kwfonfrSm

xif&Sm;onf/ ol\yk*d¾Kvfa&;qdkif&m txåKyÜwdårSod&onfrSm? olonfqD;csdKa&m*g?

yef;em &ifMuyfa&m*gESifh emwm&Snfausm½dk;ema&m*gwkdYudk cHpm;cJh&aMumif;od&\/

olu tar&dueftpdk;&onf olaxmifusaepOfumvtwGif; wjznf;jznf;

tqdyfoifhapatmif jyKvkyfcJhonf[k pGyfpGJajymqdkcJh\/ pOf;pm;Munfhyg/ teEÅ

pGrf;tm;&Sifonf wpfpHkwpfa,muf\tqdyfcyfjcif;udk cH&ygrnfvm;/ &m;*sfeD;&Sf

onf jynfhpHkjcif;vnf;r&Sd? edpöxm0&vnf;rwnf&Sdyg/

(3) wwd,pHEIef;rSm ]olonf rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,muf udkrQarG;zGm;rIr&Sd?

rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,muf\ arG;zGm;jcif;udk vnf;cHcJh&onfr[kwf}/uREfkyfwdkY

od&onfrSm &m;*sfeD;&Sfonf tdE´d,EdkifiH *smb,fvfyl;&fwGif arG;zGm;cJhNyD;?

rdcifzcifESpfyg;wdkY&SdMuNyD;? aemifwGifol\aemufvdkufjzpfoGm;cJhaMumif;od&ojzifh?

olonf ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}rjzpfEdkif/

(1981)ckESpf? arvwGif olonf tar&duefjynfaxmifpkodkYoGm;í

]&m;*sfeD;&Sfyl&rf}[laomNrdKUudk xlaxmifcJhonf/ xdkYaemuf (taemufEdkifiH

tmPmydkifrsm;\) Oya'pnf;rsOf;ESifhNidpGrf;aomta&;udpöudkusL;vGefrIESifh

qefYusifrdjcif;aMumifh? ¤if;wdkY\zrf;qD;tjypfay;jcif;cH&NyD;? jynfESif'Pfay;cHcJh

&avonf/ olonftdE´d,EdkifiHodkY jyefvmcJhNyD; ]ylae}wGif ]bHktzGJU}wpfckudk

zGJUpnf;cJhNyD; ]atmhpf[dkbHktzGJU} [ktrnfwGif\/ &m;*sfeD;&Sfonf (1990)wGif

uG,fvGefaoqHk;cJh\/ atmhpf[dk&m;*sfeD;&Sf\ aemufvdkufaemufygrsm;u olYudk

]teEÅpGrf;tm;&Sifbk&m;}[k ,HkMunfMuonf/ ]ylae}&Sd ]atmhpf[dkbHktzGJU}odkY

tvnftywfa&muf&Sdvmaom {nfhonfrsm;onf atmufazmfjyyg ocsØKif;pmudk

&m;*sfeD;&Sf\tkwf*lay:wGifawGUEdkifonf/ ]]atmhpf[dkb,faomtcg rSarG;zGm;jcif;

rcH&ovdk b,faomtcgrQ aoqHk;jcif;vnf;r&Sd/ olonf 1931ckESpf? 'DZifbmv

(11)&ufrS 1990ckESpf? ZEé0g&Dv(19)&ufaeYtxdom urÇmN*dKvfodkY tvnf

tywf a&muf&SdcJhjcif;jzpfonf/}} &m;*sfeD;&Sf\ aemufvdkufrsm;u ¤if;wdkY\bk&m;

&m;*sfeD;&Sftm; EdkifiHaygif;(21)EdkifiHtwGif; ADZmay;&eftmrcHay;jcif;rcH&[laom

43


tcsufudk? ocsØKif;pmwGifazmfjy&ef arhavsmhcJhMuonf/ bk&m;jzpfonf[k

owfrSwfjcif;cH&aom vlyk*d¾Kvfwpfa,muftwGuf EdkifiHwpfckodk Y0if&ef

ADZmvdktyfygovm;/ *&dEdkifiHrS*dkPf;csKyfbkef;awmfBuD;uajymcJhonfrSm ]tu,fí

om &m;*seD;&Sfonf jynfESif'Pfay;cH&jcif;rcHcJh&aomf ¤if;wkdYonf ol\tdrfESifh

aemufvdkufrsm;\tdrfrsm;tm; rD;½dIUzsufqD;Muvdrfhrnf} [líjzpfonf/

(4) pwkwåajrmufbk&m;jzpfaMumif; ]pHEIef;}rSm twif;tusyfqHk;? tcuftcJqHk;

tcsufjzpfonf/ ¤if;rSm ]olESifh *kPf&nfwl wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQyif r&Sd}[laom

tcsufyif jzpfonf/ pm½IoltaeESifh ,ckuREfkyfajymaecdkufrSmyif ]bk&m;}

udkpdwful;ESifhyHkazmfMunfhyg/ (odkY) bk&m;jzpfjcif;twGuf avQmufvTmwifxm;

aomyk*¾dKvftm; wpfpHkwpf&mESifh EdIif;,SOfMunfhyg/ xdkyk*¾dKvfonf ]udk;uG,f&m

t&Sif}rjzpfEdkifawmhyg/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf wpfqlwnf;aomudk;uG,f&m

tppftrSeftm; pdwful;½kyfyHkjzifh azmfaqmif&efrjzpfEdkifíjzpfonf/ uREfkyfwdkY

od&onfrSm &m;*sfeD;&SSfonf vlom;wpfOD;jzpfNyD;? &Snfvsm;aomrkwfqdwfjzLBuD;rsm;

&Sdonf/ olYwGif rsufvHk; ESpfvHk;? em;ESpfbuf? ESmacgif;wpfck? yg;pyfwpfckyg\/

ol\ "gwfyHkrsm;ESifh ydkpwmrsm;pGmudk &&SdEdkifygonf/ toifu wpfpHk wpf&mudk

]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}[k pdwful;ESifh yHkazmfvdkufonfESifh ol(&m;*sfeD;&SS f)onf

]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}r[kwfawmhyg/

txufazmfjyyg tajctaet&yf&yfay: ed*Hk;csKyfqdk&aomf armifpMu0Vm

[ktrnfay;jcif;cH&aom urÇmhpGrf;tm;BuD;aomvlom;[laom acgif;pOf

atmufwGif? vlom;wdkYu rdrdwdkY\,HkMunf&mvlyk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; bk&m;oP²mef

oGif;&ef tm;xkwfjcif;omjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumihf]bk&m;jzpf?rjzpf rSwfausmufwif

ppfaq;jcif;} [laompmar;yGJtwGuf ed*Hk;csKyfrSwfcsufudk rnfodkYcsoifhoenf;/

udk;uG,f&mt&Sif tppftrSefrSvGJí rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufrQ txuf

azmfjyyg]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif} jzpfjcif;rSwfausmufwifrIudk ratmifEdkifyg/

uREfkyfwdkYonfrnfodkYaom trnfemrrsm;jzifU

udk;uG,f&mt&Sifudk ac:Muoenf;/

rGwfpvifrfrsm;twGuf ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}tm; t*Fvdyfa0g[m& ]God}

xuf ]Allah} (tv’m[f) [kac:a0:jcif;udk ydkESpfoufygonf/ tm&ADa0g[m&

44


]tv’m[f}onf ]]oefY&Sif;pifMu,faom? twkr&Sdaom? NydKifzufuif;aom}}

[laom teufrsm;yg0ifí t*Fvdyfa0g[m&]a*gh'f}ESif h¤if;\tEG,f0if

pum;vkH;rsm;ESifh t"dyÜg,fuGmjcm;ygonf/

toifonf ]God}[laompum;vHk;wGif]s}udk aygif;xnfhvdkufygu ]Gods}

bk&m;rsm;jzpfvmonf/ tv’m[fonf wpfyg;wnf;&SdNyD;?wpfckjyudef;jzpfonf/

]tv’m[f} [laompum;vkH;wGif trsm;yHkpHr&Sdyg/ toifonf ]God}[laom

pum;wGif ]dess}udkaygif;xnfhvdkufygu ]Goddess} bk&m;r [kjzpfvmonf/

tv’m[fwGif tv’m[fzdk (0g) tv’m[ftr [lír&Sdyg/ tv’m[fwGif vdifcGJjcm;rI

r&Sdyg/ tu,fí toifonf ]God} ta&SUwGif a&SUqufpum;vHk; ]tin}

udkxnfhvdkufyg/ ]bk&m;wk} jzpfvmayrnf/ ]tv’m[f}onf ]oD;oefY}wpfckwnf;

wnf&Sdaom pum;vHk;jzpfNyD;? rnfodkYaompdwful;ESifhrQ yHkazmfMunfhEdkifonfh

pdwful;½kyfyHkrS&dS/ ¤if;udk ua&mfur,fvkyfí azmfjyEdkifaomt&m[lí r&Sday/

xdkYaMumifh rGwfpvifrfrsm;twGuf ]tv’m[f} [laompum;vHk;udkoHk;pGJ&ef

ydkíESpfoufMuNyD;? rGwfpvifrfr[kwfolrsm;ESifh ajymqdkMuaomtcg? uREfkyfwdkY

rGwfpvifrfrsm;taeESif h ? xd kolrsm;em;vnfvG,fap&ef ]tv’m[f}ESif h

roifhavsmfaompum;vHk;jzpfonfh ]bk&m;}(odkY) ]bk&m;ocif}[laompum;vHk;udk

rvTJra&Smifom oHk;pGJMu&onf/ þpmtkyftwGuf &nf&G,fxm;aom pmzwf

y&dowfrSm a,bk,stm;jzifh rGwfpvifrfESifh rGwfpvifrf r[kwfolrsm;udkyg

&nf&G,fxm;aomaMumifh pma&;ol taeESifh ]tv’m[f}[laompum;vHk;tpm;

]bk&m;}[laom pum;vHk;udkom þusrf;i,f\ae&mtawmfrsm;rsm;wGif

oHk;pGJxm;ygonf/ (bmomjyefqdkoltaeESifh ]God}[laom pum;vkH;udk ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}

[lívnf;aumif;? ]]bk&m; (0g) bk&m;ocif}}[lívnf;aumif;? oHk;EIef;xm;aMumif; owd

jyKapcsifygonf/)

udk;uG,f&mt&Sifonfudk;uG,f&mt&Sifonfudk;uG,f&mt&Sifonfudk;uG,f&mt&Sifonfudk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf

vlom;wpfOD;jzpfrvmjcif; vlom;wpfOD;jzpfrvmjcif; vlom;wpfOD;jzpfrvmjcif; vlom;wpfOD;jzpfrvmjcif; vlom;wpfOD;jzpfrvmjcif;

tcsdKUaomvlrsm;u apm'uwufMuonfrSm udk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf

rnfonfht&mrqdk jyKvkyfEdkifonfqdkvQif tb,faMumifh olonfvlom;toGifudk

raqmif&oenf;/ tu,fí ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}u tvdk&SdvQif olonfvlom;

jzpfEdkifygonf/ xdkodkY udk;uG,f&mt&Sifu vlom;tjzpfa&muf&SdvmygvQif? olonf

45


udk;uG,f&mt&Siftjzpf qufvuf &yfwnfEdkifawmhrnfr[kwfay/ tb,faMumifh

qdkaomf rsm;pGmaomudpö&yfrsm;twGufvlom;ESifh bk&m;\t&nftaoG;rsm;

onf o[ZmwrjzpfaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ atmufazmfjyyg pmydk'frsm;u?

udk;uG,f&mt&Sifu vlom;jzpfvmjcif;[laom t,ltq\ &,fzG,faumif;rIudk

azmfñTef;aeayonf/

udk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf aorsdK;r[kwf? vlom;onf aorsdK;jzpfonf/

toifhtaeESifh vlom;bk&m;rjzpfEdkif? qdkvdkonfrSm vlom;jzpfygvsuf aorsdK;

r[kwf? raoEdkifaom bk&m;tjzpf wpfcsdefwnf;rSm oD;jcm;&yfwnf&SdaeonfrSm

rjzpfEdkifyg/ ,if;odkYjzpfaejcif;rSm t"dyÜm,fr&Sdyg/ bk&m;wGif ]tpjyKjcif;}

r&SdEdkifaomfvnf; vlom;wGif ol\]tp}onf &Sdaeayonf/ toifhtaeESifh

tpr&Sdaomyk*d¾KvfESifh tp&Sdaom yk*¾dKvfwpfNydKifeufrjzpfEdkifyg/ vlom;wGif

tqHk;&Sdonf/ toifhtaeESifh]tqHk;}&SdaomolESifh ]tqHk;}r&Sdaomol wpfNydKif

eufrjzpfEdkifyg/ þodkY qefYusifbufoabmaqmifolESpfOD; wGJzufí wpfNydKifeuf

wnf;rSmjzpfEkdifjcif;onf t"dyÜm,fuif;rJhaeyg onf/

vlom;taeESifh ol\toufudk xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smuf&ef tm[m&"mwf

vdktyfaomfvnf; udk;uG,f&mt&Sif teEÅpGrf;tm;&SiftaeESifh wpfpHkwpf&mudk

pm;oHk;í toufudk xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smuf&efrvdkyg/ xdkYaMumifhusrf;awmfjrwf

uk&ftmef(6;14)wGif

��

]]xdkt&Sifjrwfonf (olwpfyg; wdkYudk) auR;arG;awmfrl\/ xdkt&Sifjrwfonf

(olwpfyg;\) auR;arG;jcif; udkrlum; cH&awmfrlonfr[kwfacs/}}

(uk&ftmef 6;14)

vlom;taeESifh tdyfpuftem;r,lbJ raeEdkifaomfvnf; bk&m;taeESifh

tem;,l&ef(0g)tdyfpuftem;,l&ef rvdkay/ teEåpGrf;tm;&Sif\ tdyfpuf

tem;,ljcif;rvdktyfaMumif;udk uk&ftmefusrf;jrwf\ atmufygusrf;ydk'fwGif

avhvmEdkifonf/

46


�� !�"�� # ��$ �� $ � ��%&��

�'()*� !�+ �� ,��-./�� !�+

]]xdkt&Sifjrwfonf tNrJ&Sifaeawmfrlaomt&Sif? (rdrdudk,fawmfwdkif

xm0&wnfaeawmfrlí owå0g taygif;wdk Yud kvnf;) xdef;odrf;

apmifha&Smuf awmfrl aomt&Sif jzpfawmfrl\/ xdkt&Sifjrwftm; idkufjrnf;

jcif;onfvnf;aumif;? tdyfpufjcif;onf vnf;aumif; rzdpD;Edkifay/

xdkt&SifjrwfonfomvQif rdk;aumif;uif pMu0Vmrsm;ESifh urÇmN*dK[fü

&Sd&SdorQaom (ouf&Sd? oufrJh) t&m0wåK[lorQwdkYudk ydkifqdkif awmfrlaom

t&Sifjzpfawmfrl\/} (uk&ftmef 2;255)

tjcm;vlom;wpfOD;tm;

udk;uG,fjcif;onftusdK;r&Sd

bk&m;onf vlom;jzpfvmjcif;[laomt,ltqonf vufcHEdkifbG,f&m

r&Sd[k uREfkyfwkdY,lqvQif bk&m;ppf?bk&m;rSefjzpfonfh ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif

tv’m[f}rSvGJí tjcm;aomvlom;wpfOD;OD;udk udk;uG,fjcif;onfvnf;

t"dyÜm,frJhaomvkyf&yfjzpfonf[laomtcsufudkvnf; uREfkyfwkdYvufcHoabmwl

oifhygonf/ tu,fí]bk&m;}onf vlom;toGifajymif;vmvQif? olonf

rdrdudk,fudk]bk&m;}tjzpfrS&yfpJNyD; vlom; t&nftcsif;tm;vHk;ydkifqdkif&ef

vdktyfvmavonf/ Oyrm-tvGefxl;cRefaom ygarmu©BuD;wpfOD;onf

tufqD;'ifhwpfckaMumifh tpm;xdk;ír&Edkifaom rSwfÓPfaysmufqHk;oGm;onfh

tjzpfqkd;BuHKrnfqdkvQif? oufqdkif&mbmom&yfESifhywfoufí qnf;yl;aeaom

ausmif;ol?ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf olYxHwGif qufvufNyD;oif,lqnf;yl;aeygu

t"dyÜm,frJhaom ½l;oGyfrI jzpfaeayrnf/

xdkYtjyif tu,fí]bk&m;}onf vlom;toGifaqmifygu? xdktoGifaqmif

cJh&aom vlom;onf aemifwGifbk&m; rjzpfEdkif/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf

t"dyÜm,fowfrSwfcsuft& vlom;onf bk&m;jzpfEd kifaompGrf;&nfudk

rydkifqkdifxm;aomaMumifhjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh vltoGif&Sdaombk&m;udk

ukd;uG,fjcif;onf ,kwdårwefaom tawG;tac: rSm;,Gif;rIjzpfí bk&m;tm;

yH kyef;oP²mefrsdK;pH kazmfí jyKvkyfudk;uG,fjcif;onfvnf; rESpfNrdKUbG,f

47


aumif;ygonf/

þonfyifvQif usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif ewfbk&m; ukd;uG,fjcif;trsKd;rsdK;udk

qefYusif&efa[mMum;xm;&aom taMumif;t&if;jzpfonf/ atmufazmfjyyg

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\ usrf;ydk'fawmfwGif? ½kyfyGm;? ½kyfxkrsm;onf tv’m[fESifh

vm;vm;rQrtyfpyfaMumif;azmfjyxm;onf/

��

]]xd kt&SifjrwfESif hwlaom (tzefqif;cH)[líum; rnfonfh

wpfpHkwpf&mrQyifr&Sd/}} (uk&ftmef 42;11)


bk&m;rqefaomtjyKtrludkjyKrnfr[kwfbk&m;rqefaomtjyKtrludkjyKrnfr[kwfbk&m;rqefaomtjyKtrludkjyKrnfr[kwfbk&m;rqefaomtjyKtrludkjyKrnfr[kwfbk&m;rqefaomtjyKtrludkjyKrnfr[kwf

udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\ yuwd*kPf&nfawmfrsm;rSm w&m;rQwjcif;? oem;

Muifemjcif;ESifh opömw&m;? trSefw&m;rsm; jzpfav&m? bk&m;ppf? bk&m;rSef[l

onf raumif;rItaygif;udk ydwfyifuefYowfavonf/ bk&m;onf bk&m;

rqefaom tjyKtrlrsdK;jyK&ef b,faomtcgrQ BuHpnfrI&Sdrnfr[kwf/ xdkY aMumifh

bk&m;onfvdrfvnfajymqdkjcif;? w&m;rQwrIr&Sdjcif;? trSm;,Gif;jyKvkyfrdjcif;?

arhrSm;jcif;paom vlom;\tm;enf;csufrsm;uJhodkY jyKvkyfrnfr[kwf/ xdkenf;

wlpGm? w&m;rQwrIr&Sdjcif;udk vkyfvdkuvkyfEdkifaomfvnf;? xdkodkYjyKrljcif;onf

bk&m;rqefaomvkyf&yfjzpfjcif;aMumifh? bk&m;ppf?bk&m;rSefonf b,faomtcgrQ

jyKrnfr[kwf/

xdkYaMumifh usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif

��

]]trSefpifppf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf jrLrIefcef YrQ rawmfrw&m;

jyKawmfrlrnfr[kwfay/}} (uk&ftmef4;40)

udk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf rw&m;rIudk rdrdtvdkqE&SdvQif vkyfEdkifaomfvnf;?

b,faomtcgrQvkyfrnfr[kwf? xdkodkY vkyfvdkufonfESifh olonfbk&m;tjzpfrS

48


&yfqdkif;oGm;rnf jzpfonf/


trSm;ukdvkyfrnfr[kwfovdk arhavsmhrnfvnf;r[kwftrSm;ukdvkyfrnfr[kwfovdk arhavsmhrnfvnf;r[kwftrSm;ukdvkyfrnfr[kwfovdk arhavsmhrnfvnf;r[kwftrSm;ukdvkyfrnfr[kwfovdk arhavsmhrnfvnf;r[kwftrSm;ukdvkyfrnfr[kwfovdk arhavsmhrnfvnf;r[kwf

bk&m;(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)onf arhavsmhwwfrnfr[kwf? tb,faMumifh

qdkaomf arhavsmhjcif;onf bk&m;r[kwfaom tjyKtrljzpfaomaMumifhjzpfonf/

arhavQmhjcif;onf uefYowffcsufrsm;&Sdaom vlom;\ obm0tm;enf;csufudk

azmfjyaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ xdkenf;wlpGm bk&m;(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)onf

trSm;udkusL;vGefrnfr[kwf/ tb,faMumifh qdkaomf trSm;usL;vGefjcif;onf

bk&m;r[kwfaomtjyKtrl jzpfonf/

��

]](trSefpifppf) uREfkyf\t&Sifjrwfonf arSmufrSm;awmfrlonfvnf; r[kwf

ay/ arhavsmhawmfrlonf vnf; r[kwfacs/}} (uk&ftmef 20;52)

bk&m;onf bk&m;qefpGmjyKrlrnf bk&m;onf bk&m;qefpGmjyKrlrnf bk&m;onf bk&m;qefpGmjyKrlrnf bk&m;onf bk&m;qefpGmjyKrlrnf bk&m;onf bk&m;qefpGmjyKrlrnf

bk&m;(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)wGif t&mcyfodrf;wkdYudk Edkifeif; vTrf;rdk;awmfrl

aompGrf;tm;&Sdonf/ tpövmrfbmom\bk&m; (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)[lonfh

todonmwGif bk&m;onf (udk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf)t&mcyfodrf;udk Edkifeif;

vTrf;rdk;awmfrlaom t&Sifjzpfonf/

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\ rsm;pGmaomae&mrsm;wGif

��

]]{uefrkcs tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf t&mcyfodrf;wkdY tay:0,f pGrf;aqmif

Edkifawmfrlaom teEåwefcdk;awmf&Sif wnf;}}

[laom*kPfawmfudk usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef (2;106?2;109? 2;284? 3;29? 16;77ESifh

35;1) wdkYwGif azmfjyxm;ayonf/

xdkYjyif crf;em;xnf0gaomuk&ftmefwGif azmfjyonfrSm

��

49


]tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf rdrd&nfpl;awmfrlaomudpöudk NyD;ajrmufatmif

aqmif&Gufawmfrlaomt&Sifjzpfonf/} (uk&ftmef 85;16)

uREfkyfpdwfxJwGif odjrifqifjcif&rnfrSm tv’m[fonf bk&m;qefaom

tjyKtrludkom &nf&G,fjyKrlwwfNyD;? bk&m; rqefaomtjyKtrludk jyKvkyfrnf

r[kwf[laomtcsufyif jzpfonf/

ajrmufjrm;pGmaombmomw&m;rsm;\ tcsdKUaomtcsufrsm;wGif ?

ewfbk&m;rsm; udk;uG,fjcif;t,ltqudk wkduf½d kufaomfvnf;aumif;?

oG,f0dkufíaomfvnf;aumif; ,HkMunfMuonf/ þonf\qdkvdk&if;rSm

bk&m;onfvlom;toGifodkY a&muf&Sdvmjcif;jzpfonf/ ¤if;wkdY\t,ltq

oabmxm;rSm bk&m;onf tvGefoefYpifrGefjrwfvSaomaMumifh? vlom;wGif

jzpfay:cHpm;&wwfaomtcuftcJrsm;? qif;&Jyifyef;rIrsm;? vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh

cHpm;csufrsm;udk owdrjyKEdkifaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh vlom;rsm;twGuf

pnf;rsOf;Oya'orsm; owfrSwf&efbk&m;onf vlom;toGifaqmifí

urÇmajray:odkY oufqif;onf/ þodkYvSnfhpm;wwfaom tawG;tac:onf

acwfordkif;tqufquf ra&wGufEdkifatmifrsm;jym;aom vlom;oef;aygif;

rsm;pGmudk ½l;oGyfapcJ honf/ uREf kyfwdk YtaeESif h þjiif;cH ka0zefjcif;udk

cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmavhvmNyD;? ,if;onf taMumif;w&m;tjzpf &yfwnfoif?h

r&yfwnfoifhqdkaom tcsufudk a0zefqef;ppfMunfhMuygpdkY/

zefqif;&Sifonfzefqif;&Sifonfzefqif;&Sifonfzefqif;&Sifonfzefqif;&Sifonf

vrf;ñTefcsufvufpGJpmtkyfudk toifhjyifqifxm;onfvrf;ñTefcsufvufpGJpmtkyfudk toifhjyifqifxm;onfvrf;ñTefcsufvufpGJpmtkyfudk toifhjyifqifxm;onfvrf;ñTefcsufvufpGJpmtkyfudk toifhjyifqifxm;onfvrf;ñTefcsufvufpGJpmtkyfudk toifhjyifqifxm;onf

tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf uREf kyfwd k Yvlom;rsm;tm; todÓPfESif h

usdK;aMumif;qifjcifEdkifaompGrf;tm;udk ay;oem;tyfESif;xm;awmfrl\/ xdk

pGrf;tm;rsm;jzif h uREf kyfwYk d vlom;rsm;onf rdrdwdk YtwGuf wdusaom

&nf&G,fcsufrsm;jzifh ypönf;ud&d,mwefqmyvmrsm;udk BuHq? wDxGif? zefwD;

xkwfvkyfrIrsm; jyKvkyfcJhMuonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifhqdk&aomf toHzrf;pufrsm;udk

tajrmuftjrm; xkwfvkyfonfqkdygpdkY/ toHzrf;puf xkwfvkyfa&;twGuf

rnfonfht&mu aumif;onfudk od&eftvdYkiSg xkwfvkyfoludk,fwdkifu toHzrf;

pufjzpf&efvdkonf[lí rnfonfhtcgurQ ajymqdktBuHjyKjcif; r&SdcJhyg/ aocsm

onfrSm xkwfvkyfoltaeESifh ol\xkwfukefESifhywfoufí jynfhpHkaom

50


todynm&Sdxm;jcif;aMumifh vrf;ñTefvufpGJpmtkkyfudk xkwfvkyfayrnf/

wpfenf;tm;jzifhqdkaomf xdkvrf;ñTefvufpGJpmtkyfu puftwGuf rnfonf

wkdYudkvkyf&rnf? rvkyf&[laomñTefMum;rIudk twdtusay;rnfjzpfonf/

tu,fí oifonfvlom;tm; puf,Eå&m;wpfck tjzpf,lqygu?

tv’m[f\½IwfaxG;aom zefqif;rIwpf&yf[kom ,lqEdkifonf/ uREfkyfwdkY\

udk;uG,f&mt&Sif? tv’m[fonf zefqif;&SifjzpfaomaMumifh? vlom;twGuf

rnfonfhwkdYuaumif;onf? rnfonfwdkYu raumif;onfudk od&eftvYdkiSm

tv’m[frS vltoGifaqmif&ef rvdktyfay/ xdkt&SiftaeESifh vlom;rsdK;EG,f

wpf&yfvH k;twGuf vrf;ñTefvufpG Jpmtkyfud k xkwfjyefyd k Ycsay;&efom

vdktyfayonf/ usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefonf vlom;rsdK;EG,fwpfckvHk;twGuf

tv’m[ft&SifjrwfxHawmfrS xkwfjyefcsrSwfxm;aom vrf;ñTefvufpGJpmtkyf

jzpfavonf/

xdkYtjyif tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf ol\zefqif;cHrsm;tm;vHk;udk ¤if;wdkY\

vkyf&yfrsm;ESifhywfoufí urÇmhw&m;pD&ifrnfhaeY (ud,mrofaeY)wGif ppfaq;rnf

jzpfonf/ þodkY ppfaq;&onfhtaMumif;t&if;rSm uREfkyfwdkYb0twGuf usifh&ef?

MuOf&efrsm;udk vrf;ñTefusrf;rsm;tm;jzifh today;xm;NyD; jzpfaomaMumifh

jzpfonf/

tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf

]owif;ay;rnfhwrefawmf}rsm;udk a½G;cs,fjcif;

tv’m[ft&SiftaeESifh ol\vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;csrSwf&eftwGuf udk,fwdkif

qif;ouf<ucsDvm&efrvkdtyfacs/ acwfordkif; tqufqufwGif tv’m[fonf?

acwfwdkif;?vlrsdK;wdkif;rS vlom;rsm;udka½G;cs,fNyD; tv’m[ft&Sif\ "r®w&m;

vrf;ñTefcsufrsm;udk a[mMum;aponf/ þuJhodkY a½G;cs,fjcif;cH&aom vlom;rsm;

tm; tv’m[f\&plvf (odkYr[kwf) eADwrefawmfrsm;[kac:onf/

rsufpduef;olrsm;ESifh em;yif;olrsm;

odkYaomfjim;vnf;? t"dyÜm,frJhaomewfbk&m;rsm;udk udk;uG,f,HkMunfjcif;

51


[laom t,ltqudkrsm;pGmaom bmomw&m;rsm;\ aemufvdkufrsm;u

,HkMunfMuonfhtjyif? tjcm;olrsm;udkvnf; ¤if;wdY kuJhodk Y,HkMunfap&ef

a[mMum;Muonf/ þodkYaomjyKrlcsufrSm vlom;\todÓPfudk apmfum;

vdkufonfomru? xdktodÓPfudk ay;oem;xm;awmfrlaomzefqif;&Sifudkyg

apmfum;vdkufjcif; r[kwfygoavm/ þodkY ewfbk&m;rsm;udk ,HkMunfudk;uG,f

ylaZmfyoaeaomolrsm;onf trSefpifppf tv’m[fay;oem;xm;aom

em;&SdygvQufrMum;aom ]em;yif;rsm;}? rsufaph&SdygvQufESifhrjrifMuaom

]rsufuef;}rsm;jzpfaeonf r[kwfygavm/ xdkYaMumifh usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif

��

]]xdkolrsm;onf (trSefw&m;udk rMum;vdkMuonfhtwGuf) em;yif;olrsm;

rnf\/ (trSefw&m;udk rajymvdkMuonfhtwGuf)qHGUtolrsm; vnf;

rnf\/ (trSefw&m;udk rjrifvdkMuonfhtwGuf) rsufuef;rsm;vnf;

rnf\/odkYjzpf&m 4if;wkdYonf þokYd (vrf;ñTefw&m;bufodkY) jyefvSnfh

Murnf r[kwfay/}} (uk&ftmef 2;18)

txufazmfjyyg tm,ofawmfESifh tvm;wlowif;ay;csufudk or®musrf;\

&SifróJc&pf0ifusrf;wGif atmufyg twdkif; azmfjyxm;\/

]]olwdkYonfjrifvsufESifhrjrif? Mum;vsufrMum;? teufudkvnf; em;rvnf

aomaMumifh Oyrmaqmifí iga[majym\/}} [Mathew 13:13]

txufazmfjyyg usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef? or®musrf;vm usrf;ydk'fESifh tvm;wl

usrf;ydk'fudkvnf; [dELusrf;*ef? &pf*fa0'usrf;wGifawGUEdkifonf/

]]pum;vHk;rsm;udkjrifygvsufESif h trSefwu,frjrifMuaomolrsm;? þ

pum;vHk;udk Mum;ygvsufESifh trSefwu,f rMum;Muaomolrsm; &Sdayvdrfhrnf/}}

[Rigveda 10:71:4]

þusrf;*efrsm;rS pm½Ioltm;ajymMum;aeonfrSm? t&mtm;vHk;udk

&Sif;vif;vG,fulpGm odjrifem;vnfEdkifatmifjyKxm;ygvQufESifh? trSefw&m;rS

aoGznfívrf;vGJukefolrsm;&SdaMumif;yifjzpfonf/

52


udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\ *kPf&nfawmfrsm;

tvStyqHk; trnfemrawmfrsm;onf tv’m[ft&SifjrwftwGufom

jzpfonf/ usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif rdefYqdkxm;onfrSm

�� ! � �� "#$

%�&�'(��

]](tdk-eADwrefawmf)toifonf(4if;wdkYtm; þodkY) ajymMum; ygav/

toifwdkYonftv’m[f[lí woMuukef/ odkYwnf;r[kwf &[frmef[lí

woMu avukef/ toifwk d Yonf rnfod k Yyif woMuonf jzpfap

(aumif;jrwfvSayonf/) (tb,faMumifhqdkaomf) xdkt&Sif jrwfü

txl;aumif;jrwfpGmaom emrawmfteEÅ&Sdaeay&m (þemrawmf

ESpfyg;rSmvnf; xdk emrawmfrsm;teuf tjrifhjrwfqHk; emrawmfrsm; yif

jzpfukef)\/}} (ukeftmef17;110)

tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ vSyaomemrawmfrsm;ESifh ywfoufí tvm;wl

owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk usrf;jrwf uk&ftmef\ pl&m[ft,f(vf)ttf&zf

(7;180)? pl&m[foGm[m (20;8)ESifh pl&m[f[&S&f (59;23-24)rsm;wGif awGUEdkifav

onf/

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif teEÅpGrf;tm;&Sif tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\*kPfawmf

(99)yg;xufrenf;azmfjyxm;NyD;? ¤if;wdkYteuf tjrifhjrwfqHk;*kPfawmfrSm

]tv’m[f} jzpfonf/ usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif tv’m[ft&Sifudk t&f&[frmef

(tEIdif;rJhu½kPmawmf&Sif)? t&f&[D;rf (teEÅaumif;csD;u½kPmay;awmfrl

aomt&Sif)ESifhtvf[uD;rf (ÓPfawmfteEÅ&Sif) paom*kPfawmfrsm;udk

tjcm;*kPfawmfrsm;xufydkí udk;um;onfudkawGU&\/ toifonf tv’m[f

t&Sifjrwftm; toif BudKufESpfouf&memrawmfudk ac:a0:woEdkifygaomf

vnf;? oifac:a0:woaom tv’m[ftrnfrSm vSyaomemrawmfjzpf

oifhygonf/ xYdktjyif xdkemrawmfonf pdwful;½kyfyHkwpfckudk yHk&dyfwGifítm½Hkü

jrifapaom emrawmfvnf; rjzpfoifhyg/

53


]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\*kPf&nfawmfwkdif;onf

twkr&Sd? NydKifbufuif;aom*kPfawmfrsm;jzpfí

udk;uG,f&mt&Sif wpfOD;wnf;uomydkifqdkifaMumif;}

(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)onf twkr&SdNydKifbufuif;aom *kPf&nfawmfrsm;udk

ydkifqdkifonfomru? teEåpGrf;tm;&Sif\ *kPfawmfwpfckcsif;onfvnf;

xdkt&Siftm;tjcm;t&mrsm;rS cGJjcm;Edkifatmif jynfhpHkvSayonf/ uREfkyfonf

þtcsufudk tao;pdwf&Sif;vif;wifjyygrnf/ uREfkyfwkdYonf ausmfMum;

xif&Sm;aomyk*¾dKvfrsm;teuf tzufzufrSjynfhpHkaom? tmumo,mOfrSL;

eD;vftrfpxa&mif;udk Oyrmtjzpfa&G;cs,fonfqdkygpdkY/

tu,fí wpfpHkwpfa,mufrS eD;vftrfpxa&mif;onf tar&duef

vlrsdK;wpfOD;jzpfonf[kqdkygu þtcsufrSmrSefaomfvnf; tar&duefvlrsdK;

jzpfjcif;[laom t&nftaoG;onf olYudktjcm;tar&duefvlrsdK;rsm;rS cGJjcm;

azmfjyEdkifpGrf;r&Sday/ tvm;wlyif eD;vftrfpxa&mif;onf tmumo,mOfrSL;

jzpfjcif;onf eD;vftrfpxa&mif;udk oD;jcm;azmfxkwfEdkifjcif;r&Sdyg/ xdkYaMumifh

vlyk*d¾KvfwpfOD;udk oD;oefYcGJjcm;jyEdkif&efrSm uREfkyfwdkYtaeESifh tjcm;olrsm;ESifh

rwlaom xdkol\*kPf? t&nftaoG;rsm;udk &SmazGazmfxkwf&efvdktyfygonf/

Oyrm- eD;vftrfpxa&mif;onf vurÇmwGif yxrOD;qHk;ajccsEdkifcJhaom

vlom;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh wpfpHkwpfa,mufu rnfolonf yxrOD;qHk;

vay:wGif ajccsEdkifcJhygoenf;[kqdkvQif tajzonf wpfOD;wpfa,mufwnf;

omjzpfonfh eD;vftrf;pxa&mif; jzpfonf/ xdkenf;wlpGm? teEÅpGrf;tm;&Sif\

*kPfawmfrsm;onfvnf; oD;oefY&Sdaom twkr&Sd? NydKifbufuif;aom*kPfawmf

rsm;&Sdoifhygonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh pMu0VmteEåudk zefqif;jyKvkyfawmfrlaom

zefqif;&Sif? tu,fí uREfkyfu taqmuftOD;\ zefqif;&Sif? zefwD;&Sif

[kqdkvdkufvQif? ¤if;azmfjycsufonf rSefvnf;rSef? jzpfvnf;jzpfEdkifygonf/odkYaomf

twkr&Sd? NydKifbufuif;aomfum;r&Sd/ axmifaygif;rsm;pGmaom vlom;rsm;onf

taqmuftOD;udk wnfaqmufEdkifonf/ þodkYqdkvQif vlom;ESifh udk;uG,f&m

t&SifMum;wGif uGJjym;jcm;em;rIr&Sd jzpfoGm;rnf/ odkYaomf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\

*kPfawmfwpfckcsif;onf tjcm;ouf&S doufrJ ht&mcyfodrf;ESif hrqd kif?

tv’m[fwpfyg;wnf;udkom azmfñTef;Edkifaom*kPfawmfrsm;jzpfMuonf/

54


Oyrmtm;jzifhOyrmtm;jzifhOyrmtm;jzifhOyrmtm;jzifhOyrmtm;jzifh

-t&f-&[D;rf-teEÅaumif;csD; u½kPmay;awmfrlaomt&Sif

-t&f-&[frmef-tEdIif;rJhu½kPmawmf&Sif

-tvf-[uD;rf-ÓPfawmfteEÅ&Sif

xdkYaMumifh wpfpHkwpfa,mufu ]t&f&[D;rf} qdkolrSm rnfolenf;[k

ar;vmvQif twdkif;tqrJh oem;MuifemawmfrlqHk;aomt&Sif [lonfhtajz

wpfckom&Sdonf/ þ*kPfffawmf&Sifonf teEÅpGrf;tm;&Sif tv’m[ft&SifrSvGJí

rnfolwpfOD; wpfa,mufESifhrQ rxdkufwefyg/

xm0&bk&m;ocif\*kPfawmfwpfckonf?

¤if;\ tjcm;aom*kPfawmfrsm;ESifh uGJvGJqefYusifrIr&Sdoifhjcif;

tapmydkif;wGif wifjycJhaomOyrmESifh qufvufwifjy&vQif? wpfpHk

wpfa,mufu eD;vftrfpxa&mif;onf t&yfav;ayom&Sdaom tar&duef

tmumo,mOfrSL;wpfOD;jzpfonf[kqdkvmygu? tar&duef tmumo,mOfrSL;

onf rSefuefaomfvnf;? ¤if;ESifhwGJzufíazmfjyaom (av;ayomjrifhonf)

[laomtcsufrSmrSm;onf/ tvm;wlyif wpfpHkwpfa,mufu ]bk&m;}onf

pMu0VmteEÅudk jyKvkyfzefqif;awmfrlaom zefqif;&SifjzpfNyD;? acgif;wpfvHk;?

ajcaxmuf ESpfacsmif;? vufESpfzufponfwdk Y&S donf[kajymvmcJhaomf?

yxr*kPf&nfjzpfonfh pMu0Vmudkzefqif;ol[laom *kPfawmfrSm rSefaomfvnf;?

¤if;ESih fwGJzufazmfjyaom t&nftaoG;jzpfonfh vlom;\toGifonf

rrSefuefEdkifatmif vHk;0rSm;,Gif;aeayonf/

tm;vHk;aom*kPfawmfrsm;onftm;vHk;aom*kPfawmfrsm;onftm;vHk;aom*kPfawmfrsm;onftm;vHk;aom*kPfawmfrsm;onftm;vHk;aom*kPfawmfrsm;onf

wpfqlwnf;aom xm0&bk&m; (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif) udkom ñTefjyoifhjcif;wpfqlwnf;aom xm0&bk&m; (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif) udkom ñTefjyoifhjcif;wpfqlwnf;aom xm0&bk&m; (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif) udkom ñTefjyoifhjcif;wpfqlwnf;aom xm0&bk&m; (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif) udkom ñTefjyoifhjcif;wpfqlwnf;aom xm0&bk&m; (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif) udkom ñTefjyoifhjcif;

udk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf wpfqlwnf;&Sdjcif;aMumifh? *kPfawmftm;vHk;onf

xd kt&Si fwpfyg;wnf;twGufom jzpfoif honf/ ajym&rnfqd kvQi f

eD;vftrfpxa&mif;onf? vurÇmay:odkY yxrOD;qHkk;ajccsaom tar&duef

tmumo,mOfrSL;jzpfonf[kqdkvQif? þodkYaom t&nftcsif;udk ydkifqdkifaom

55


olonf 'kwd,jzpfaomtuf'Gift,fvf'&if jzpfonf[kqdkvQif rSm;,Gif;ayrnf/

tb,faMumifhqdkaomf xdkyk*d¾KvfESpfOD;pvHk;wGif oD;jcm;t&nftaoG;rsm;

ydkifqdkifxm;jcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/tvm;wlyif zefqif;&Sifonf bk&m;wpfqljzpfí

c&pf&Semonf tjcm;aombk&m;wpfql[kqdkygu qifjcifpOf;pm;&eftwGuf

qefYusifaomoabmaqmifaeayrnf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf tm;vHk;aom

*kPfawmfrsm;udkaygif;pyfíydkifqdkifawmfrlaomt&Sifonf wpfqlwnf;aombk&m;

omjzpfoifhaomaMumifh jzpfonf/

xm0&bk&m;ocif(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)onfxm0&bk&m;ocif(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)onfxm0&bk&m;ocif(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)onfxm0&bk&m;ocif(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)onfxm0&bk&m;ocif(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)onf

wpfyg;wnf;jzpfjcif;wpfyg;wnf;jzpfjcif;wpfyg;wnf;jzpfjcif;wpfyg;wnf;jzpfjcif;wpfyg;wnf;jzpfjcif;

tcsdKUaomA[kemx0g'D (wpfyg;ruaomewfbk&m;rsm;udk udk;uG,fol

rsm;)u? bk&m;(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)onf wpfqlxufydkí wnf&Sdaejcif;onf

,kwdåwefaom taMumif;w&m;jzpfonf[k jiif;cHkaeMuygonf/ xdkolrsm;

udkaxmufjy&rnfqdkvQif tu,fí wpfqlwnf;aombk&m;xuf bk&m;rsm;

yd kí&SdonfqdkvQif?bk&m;wdkif;u ¤if;wkd YtoD;oD;\qEúdk jznfhpGuf&ef

BudK;pm;MuvQif wpfyg;\qEúdk wpfyg;uqefYusifrdMuí wpfyg;ESifhwpfyg;

y#dyu©jzpfEdkifygonf/þodkYaom jzpf&yfrsm;udk A[kemx0g'ESifh bmomw&m;

toD;oD;rS bk&m;rsm;udk todtrSwfjyKudk;uG,faom0g'rsm;\ '@m&DyHkjyifrsm;

wGif awGUEdkifygonf/ tu,fí bk&m;wpfqlonf tjcm;bk&m;rsm;\ atmifEdkifrI

udkcH&aomtcg? (odk Y) tjcm;bk&m;rsm;udk ratmifEdkifaomtcgrsdK;wGif

xdkbk&m;onf bk&m;ppf? bk&m;rSefr[kwfawmhay/ xdkYjyif A[kemx0g' ac:

wpfyg;ruaom ewfbk&m;rsm;udk udk;uG,faomolrsm;tMum;wGif xif&Sm;aom

t,ltqwpf&yfrSm? ewfbk&m;rsm;wGif toD;oD;aomwm0ef0wå&m;rsm;

&Sdonf[laom t,ltqjzpfonf/ bk&m;wkdif;onf vlom;rsm;wnf&SdaerI

twGuf wm0ef&Sdayonf/ Oyrm-aebk&m;? rdk;bk&m;ponfwkdYjzpfonf/

þt"dyÜm,frSm? tcsdKUaomvkyf&yfrsm;twGuf bk&m;wpfyg;wnf;ESif h

rvHkavmufaomoabmjzpfNyD;? xdkbk&m;onf tjcm;aombk&m;rsm;\wm0ef?

0wå&m;rsm;udkvnf; vspfvsL½I&ma&mufovdk? rpGrf;aqmifEdkif&mvnf;a&muf

ayonf/ xdkYaMumifh bk&m;(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif) onf wpfyg;xufydkí&Sdaeygu

½IwfaxG;rI? y&rf;ywmjzpfrIESifh? tpDtpOfrusrIrsm; avmuwGifay:aygufNyD;

56


pMu0VmBuD; ysufokef;oGm;ayrnf jzpfonf/odk YaomfpMu0VmBuD;onf

jynfhpHkaomo[ZmwnDrQrI twGif; ,aeYxufwdkif&Sdaeygonf/

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefü-

�� !�

� !"��#�$ �%��& �'�(�)*�

]]tu,fíom ,if; (rdk;aumif;uifrsm;ESifh urÇmN*dK[f) ESpfckwGif

tv’m[ft&Sifjrwftjyif tjcm; udk;uG,f&mrsm; &SdcJhMuygrl (rdk;aumif;

uifrsm;ESifh urÇm N*dK[f)ESpfckpvHk;rSm rvGJ{uef ysufpD;cJhNyD; jzpfMuay rnf/

pifppfaomfum; ]t&f&Sf}yv’ifawmfudk pdk;ydkifawmfrlaom tv’m[f

t&Sifjrwfonf 4if;wdkYBuHzefpGyfpGJMuonf wdkY rS(t<uif;rJh) pifMu,f oefY&Sif;

tjypfuif;awmfrl\/}} (usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef 21;22)

tu,fíom udk;uG,f&mt&Sifonf wpfqlxufydkí&Sdygu? ¤if;wdkY

zefqif;xm;aomt&mrsm;udk ¤if;wdkYzmom ,laqmifoGm;Murnfomjzpfonf/

xdkYaMumifh usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif atmufygtwdkif;azmfjyxm;ayrnf/

�� !"�#�$ ��%�& �� '�(�) �*��+ ,��& �-�.�/��+ �� 0��1 ��%�+

]]tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf om;awmf[lí wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQyif

a&G;cs,fjyKvkyf xm;awmf rlonf r[kwfay/ xdkenf;wlpGm xdkt&SifESihftwl

udk;uG,f&m [lívnf;(tjcm;)wpfOD;wpfa,mufrQyif tvsOf; r&Sd acs/

odkY&SdcJhygrl udk;uG,f&mwdkif;onf rdrdzefqif; xm;aom t&mcyfodrf;wdkYudk

trSefyifac:aqmifí xGufoGm;cJhrnfomru?xdkudk;uG,f&mwdkYteufwpf

OD;onfwpfOD;\ tay:ürkcsvTrf;rdk;rnfom/tv’m[f t&Sifjrwfonf

4if;wkdYBuHzefpGyfpGJ ajymqdkMuukefaom taMumif;? udpö wdkYrS vHk;0pifMu,f

oefY&Sif;awmfrl\}} (usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef 23;91)

xdkYaMumifh ppfrSefaom? jrifhjrwfaom? tiftm;BuD;aom? wpfyg;wnf;

wnf&Sdawmfrljcif;onfomvQif ]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif} \,kwdåwefaomtodonm

57


omjzpfonf/ Ak'¨bmomESifh? uGef;jzL;½Syf0g'wdk YuJhodk Y zefqif;&Sif&S drIudk

oHo,&Sdaombmomw&m;tcsdKUvnf;&S dayonf/ xdkbmomrsm;onf

udk;uG,f&mzefqif;&Sif(God)&Sdjcif;ESifh ywfoufí? axmufcHcsuf ? jiif;y,fcsuf

wpfpHkwpf&mrjyKyg/ zefqif;&Sifbk&m;&Sdjcif;ESifhywfoufí cdkifrmrIukd qef;ppf&ef

vnf;rBudK;pm;? jiif;y,frIvnf;rjyKMuacs/ tjcm;aombmomw&m;rsm;? Oyrm-

*sdef;0g'uJhodkYaombk&m;rJhrsm;onf (God) udk;uG,f&mt&Sif wnf&Sdjcif;udk

r,HkMunfMuacs/

tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf tvdkwlygvQif uREfkyfonf ]uk&ftmefonf udk;uG,f&m

t&Sif\ vrf;ñTefpum;awmfrsm; jzpfovm;/}[laompmtkyfudk xkwfa0ygrnf/

þpmtkyfudkxkwfa0jzpfygu (csD;rGrf;jcif;taygif;wdkYonf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf

twGufomjzpfonf/) bk&m;rJh0g'Drsm;? bk&m; (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)wnf&SdrIudk

oHo,xm;olrsm;tm; taMumif; tusdK;cdkifvHkpGm ,kwdåaA'enf;?odyÜHenf;wdkYjzifh

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefudk cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmavhvmNyD;? tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf&SdaerIudk

oufaojyEdkifrnfjzpfygonf/

tm;vHk;aombmomw&m;rsm;onftqHk;wGif

wpfyg;wnf;aom]udk;uG,f&mt&Sif}tm;,HkMunfMujcif;

tm;vHk;aombmomw&m;rsm;onf? tqHk;wGif bk&m; (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)

wnf&SdaerIudk ,HkMunfMuav&m? tqifhjrifhaomtydkif;wGif? wpfqlwnf;

aombk&m;(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)udk ,HkMunfMuavonf/ tm;vHk;aombmom

w&m;rsm;\ usrf;*efrsm;u trSefwpfu,fyif? wpfqlwnf;aom bk&m;udk

,HkMunf&ef ajymxm;avonf/ wpfenf;qdkaomf tppftrSefjzpfaom

wpfyg;wnf;aomt&Sifudk udk;uG,f&ef tqdkjyKxm;avonf/

vlom;wkdUu¤if;wdkYtusdK;twGuf

pmayusrf;*efrsm;udk jyKjyifMujcif;

tcsdefumv Mumanmif;vmonfESif htrQ (urÇm\ordkif;pOft&)?

rsm;pGmaombmomw&m;rsm;\ pmayusrf;*efrsm;onf ,dk,Gif;vmcJhonf

58


vnf;&Sd\/ wpfzefvlom;rsm;u ¤if;wdkYtusdK;twGuf jyKjyifajymif;vJrIrsm;

vnf;&Sd\/ xdkYaMumifh rsm;pGmaombmomw&m;rsm;\ ,HkMunfcsufrsm;onf

,dk,Gif;ysufpD;vmNyD; wpfqlwnf;aombk&m;udk ukd;uG,faom0g'rS? A[kemx0g'

(wpfyg;ruaomewfbk&m;rsm;udkukd;uG,frI)ESifh bmomw&m;toD;oD;rS

bk&m;rsm;udk todtrSwfjyK udk;uG,faom0g' (odkY) obm0avmuwGif&Sdaom

t&mcyfodrf;udk bk&m;tjzpfudk;uG,frI0g'rsm;odkY a&GUvsm;ajymif;vJoGm;cJh\/

xdkYaMumifhusrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif

�� !"#� $%��&

$%��'�' ��( �)��* ��+,� ��!� $%��& -./�"0 -��+� �1�� '�2��3�/�� 14"��

��5�� +,� ��!�

]]odkYjzpfí usrf;*efrsm;udk rdrdwdkYudk,fwdkif rdrdwdkYvufjzifh pD&ifa&;om;NyD;

tenf;i,frQ aomtzdk;tcjzifh vJvS,fa&mif;cs(pm;oHk;)&ef tvdkYiSm?

þusrf;*efonfum; tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf txHawmfrS (xkwfjyef

ydkYcsawmfrlaom w&m; a'oemawmfusrf;*ef) wnf;[lí (vdrfvnf)

ajymqdkMuolwdkYonf ysufqD;Mu&ukefvwåH/ wzef,if;olwdkYonf rdrd

udk,fwdkifrdrdwdkYvufjzifh (r[kwfrrSef)a&;om;cJhjcif;aMumifhvnf;aumif;?

(rjyKxdkufrjyKtyfaomenf;rsdK;jzifh Opömypönf;) &SmazGjcif;aMumifhvnf;

aumif;? ysufpD;Mu&vdrfh rnf}}/ usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef(2;79)

aomif[D;'f\t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsufESihftrsdK;tpm;rsm;

tpövmrfonfaomif[D;'fudk,HkMunfonf/ þaomif[D;'fopömw&m;

onf wpfqlwnf;aombk&m; (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)udk ,HkMunfjcif;xufom

vGefygonf/ ]aomif[D;'f} [laompum;vkH;rSm pmayt"dyÜm,ft&

]wpfaygif;wnf;jzpfjcif;}[kjzpfNyD; ]xdkudk;uG,f&mt&Sifwpfyg;wnf;&SdaMumif;?

tcdkiftrm,HkMunfajymqdkjcif;} yifjzpfonf/

aomif[D;'fonftm&ADpum;vkH; º æøu$‚ømöçøu(‚öiøçûuônû‚ rSqif;oufvmNyD;

t"dyÜm,frSm ]aygif;pnf;jcif;? pnf;vHk;jcif; (odkYr[kwf) uspfvspfcdkifrmjcif;}

wdkYjzpfonf/ ]aomif[D;'f}udk trsdK;tpm;(3)ck cGJjcm;Edkifygonf/¤if;wdkYrSm-

59


(1) aomif[D;'vf½kAlAD,[f

(2) aomif[D;'vf tvf-twfpfrmtk0qGfqGdzgof

(3) aomif[D;'vftkvk[D;,[f(odkY) aomif[D;'vftdAm'[f

(1) aomif[D;'&f½lAlAD,[f (zefqif;xdef;odrf;rIü]wpf}jzpfjcif;)

aomif[D;'ftrsdK;tpm;xJrS? yxrOD;qHk;trsdK;tpm;rSm ]aomif[D;'&f

½lAlAD,[f}jzpfonf/ ½lAlAD,[fonfrl&if;tm&ADpum;vkH;] &Af }rSqif;oufvmNyD;?

]&Af}\ t"dyÜm,frSm ]t&Sifocif? xdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufolESifh cspfcifjrwfEdk;ol}

[laom t"dyÜm,frsm;&Sdonf/

xdkYaMumifh ]aomif[D;'&f½lAlAD,[f}[lonf zefqif; xdef;odrf; apmifha&Smuf

&mt&Sif wpfyg;wnf;jzpfjcif;udk xdef;odrf;jcif;jzpfonf/ þaomif[D;'f

trsdK;tpm;rSm tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfwpfyg;wnf;uomvQif bmrQr&Sdaom

tajctaerS t&mcyfodrf;jzpfay:wnf&Sdapatmif jzpfapjcif;[laom tajccH

todonmay:wGif tajccHxm;\/ wpfpH kwpf&mrQ vHk;0r&Sdao;aom

tajctaerS t&mcyfodrf;wdkYudkzefqif;onf (odkY) tpjyKjzpfay:aponf/

xdkt&Sifwpfyg;wnf;omvQif (NyD;jynfhpHkaompMu0VmBuD;ESifh ¤if;pMu0VmtwGif;&Sd

t&mrsm;tm;vHk;udk) zefqif;&Sif? jyKpk ysdK;axmifawmfrlaomt&Sif? xdef;odrf;

apmifha&Smufawmfrlaomt&Sif jzpfonf/ þodkYpMu0VmESifh pMu0VmtwGif;&Sd

ouf&Sd?oufrJhcyfodrf;wdkYudk jyKpkysdK;axmifxdef;odrf;&mwGif xdkt&SiftwGuf vdktyf

csufwpfpHkwpf&mr&Sdovdk xdkt&SiftwGufvnf; rnfodkYrQ toHk;0if vdkvm;

awmifhwtyfonfr[kwf/

(2)aomif[D;'vf twfpfrmtf0qGfqGDzgof (tv’m[f\emrawmfESifh*kPf&nfawmfrsm;

\wpfaygif;wnf;jzpfjcif;oabmudk xdef;odrf;jcif;)

aomif[D;'f\'kwd,trsdK;tpm;rSm]aomif[D;'vf twfpfrmtf0qGfqGDzgof}

jzpfNyD;? ¤if;\teuft"dyÜg,frSm tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\emrawmfrsm;?

*kPf&nfawmfrsm;\ wpfaygif;wnf;jzpfjcif;? ({uefoabm)udk xdef;odrf;jcif;[k

t"dyÜg,f&onf/ aomif[D;'fudk (5)rsdK;cGJjcm;Edkifonf/

(1) tv’m[ft&Sifjrwftm; &nfñTef;azmfjy&mwGif? xdkt&Sif udk,fawmfwdkifESifh

60


xdkt&Sif\wrefawmfrsm;\azmfjycsufrsm;twdkif; &nfñTef;azmfjyoifhjcif;/

tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfudk&nfñTef;ajymqdk&mwGif? xdkt&Sif udk,fawmfwdkifESifh

xdkt&Sif\wrefawmfrsm;u azmfjyonfhenf;twdkif;om owfrSwfac:a0:

oifhygonf/ þuJhodkY ac:a0:Mu&m0,f? xdkt&Sif\emrawmfrsm;\ xif&Sm;aom

teuft"dyÜm,frsm;rSvGJí rnfonfhtrnfemrrsm;? *kPfawmfrsm;jzif h

½Sif;vif;jyojcif;rjyKbJ rl&if;teuft"dyÜm,ftwdkif;om azmfjyoifhygonf/

(2) tv’m[ft&Sifjrwftm; &nfñTef;ac:qkd&mü xdkt&Sifjrwf udk,fawmfwdkifu

rdrdudk,fudkrdrd&nfñTef;onfhtwkdif; ac:a0:&ygrnf/

tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfudk &nfñTef;wo&mwGif trnfemrawmftopf?

*kPfawmftopfrsm;ay;í r&nfñTef;? rw, ooifhyg/ Oyrm-tv’m[f

t&Sifjrwfonf u½kPmuif;a0;jcif;&SdwwfonfrSmrSefaomfvnf; tv’m[f\

trnfemrawmftm; (tvf*g'GdAf) (a'goBuD;awmfrlaomt&Sif) [laom

trnfemrrsdK; ray;oifhyg/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf

udk,fawmfwkdifESif h xdkt&Sif\wrefawmfrsm;uyg xdkuJhodk Yaom trnf

emrawmfrsdK;udk toHk;jyKbl;onfr&SdcJhaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/

(3)(3)(3)(3)(3) tv’m[ft&Sif jrwftm; ¤if;ud k,fawmfwd kif jyKvkyf zefqif;xm;tv’m[ft&Sif jrwftm; ¤if;ud k,fawmfwd kif jyKvkyf zefqif;xm;tv’m[ft&Sif jrwftm; ¤if;ud k,fawmfwd kif jyKvkyf zefqif;xm;tv’m[ft&Sif jrwftm; ¤if;ud k,fawmfwd kif jyKvkyf zefqif;xm;tv’m[ft&Sif jrwftm; ¤if;ud k,fawmfwd kif jyKvkyf zefqif;xm;

aomt&mrsm;ESif hvnf;aumif;? *kPft&nftaoG;rsm;ESif hvnf;aumif;?aomt&mrsm;ESif hvnf;aumif;? *kPft&nftaoG;rsm;ESif hvnf;aumif;?aomt&mrsm;ESif hvnf;aumif;? *kPft&nftaoG;rsm;ESif hvnf;aumif;?aomt&mrsm;ESif hvnf;aumif;? *kPft&nftaoG;rsm;ESif hvnf;aumif;?aomt&mrsm;ESif hvnf;aumif;? *kPft&nftaoG;rsm;ESif hvnf;aumif;?

trnfwwfac:a0:wojcif; rjyKtyfyg/trnfwwfac:a0:wojcif; rjyKtyfyg/trnfwwfac:a0:wojcif; rjyKtyfyg/trnfwwfac:a0:wojcif; rjyKtyfyg/trnfwwfac:a0:wojcif; rjyKtyfyg/

udk;uG,f&mt&Siftv’m[ftm; &nfñTef;worItwGuf xdkt&Sifu

zefqif;awmfrlcJ honfh tzefqif;cHrsm;\ t&nftaoG;rsm;ESif h trnf

rSnfhac:worIudpötm; uREfkyfwkdY taeESifh wif;wif;usyfusyf a&SmifMuOf&ygrnf/

Oyrm-or®musrf;pmwGif bk&m;(udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)onf vlom;rsm;u olwdkY\

trdkuf?trSm;rsm;udkjyKvkyfNyD; aemifw&ouJhodkY bk&m;uvnf; ol\rSm;,Gif;

aomtawG;tac:? tBuHtpnfrsm;vkyf&eftwGufaemifw&onf[k

o½kyfaqmifjyxm;jcif;rsdK;udk vufrcHyg/ þodkY vlom;\vkyf&yfudk bk&m;

twGufoHk;EIef;jcif;onf aomif[D;'f\oabmw&m;udk oGifoGifBuD;qefYusif

aeayonf/ (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)onf aemifw&p&m taMumif;vnf;r&Sd/

rnfonfh trSm;t,Gif;udkrQvnf; usL;vGef&eftaMumif;r&Sdacs/

61


tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\*kPfawmfrsm;ESifhywfoufaom t"duoabmw&m;

rsm;udk usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\ pl&m[f ½Id&mwGif atmufygtwdkif; azmfjyxm;

ayonf/

]]xdkt&SifjrwfESifhwlaomt&m[líum; rnfonfh wpfpHk wpf&mrQyif r&SdNyD/

xdkt&Sifjrwfonfyif t<uif;rJ hMum;awmfrlaomt&Sif? t<uif;rJ h

jrifawmfrlaom t&Sifjzpf\}} (usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef 42;11)

jrifjcif;ESif h Mum;jcif;onf vlom;\ t&nftaoG;jzpfaomfvnf;?

udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\*kPfawmftjzpf oHk;pGJaomtcgwGif? ¤if;wdkY\wkEdIif;rJh

jynfhpHkrIoabmw&m;aMumifh vlom;rsm;Mum;jcif;?jrifjcif;ESifh rwlEdkifyg/ vlom;wGif

¤if;wkdY\tjrifESifh tMum;tm½HkwdkYwGifuefYowfcsufrsm;&Sd aeaomaMumifh jrifEdkif?

Mum;EdkifzdkY&m vlom;twGuf em;rsm;? rsufaphrsm;tp&SdonfwdkY vdktyfaomfvnf;

udk;uG,f&mt&Sif tv’m[ft&SifjrwftwGufum; em;? rsufaphpaomt*Fg&yf

rsm;rvdktyfyg/

(4)(4)(4)(4)(4) vlom;tm;trnfrSnfhac:&mwGif (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)\ *kPf&nfawmfvlom;tm;trnfrSnfhac:&mwGif (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)\ *kPf&nfawmfvlom;tm;trnfrSnfhac:&mwGif (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)\ *kPf&nfawmfvlom;tm;trnfrSnfhac:&mwGif (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)\ *kPf&nfawmfvlom;tm;trnfrSnfhac:&mwGif (udk;uG,f&mt&Sif)\ *kPf&nfawmf

rsm;udk ray;oifhjcif;rsm;udk ray;oifhjcif;rsm;udk ray;oifhjcif;rsm;udk ray;oifhjcif;rsm;udk ray;oifhjcif;

vlom;tm; udk;uG,f&mt&Sif\ *kPf&nfawmfrsm;jzifh trnfrSnfhac:jcif;

onfvnf; ]aomif[D;'foabmw&m;} ESifhqefYusifaeygonf/ Oyrm-vlom;

wpfOD;tm;tpvnf;r&Sd? tqHk;vnf;r&Sd]xm0&wnfaejcif;}[k trnfrSnfhac:jcif;

onf aomif[D;'foabmw&m;ESifh qefYusifaeayonf/

(5) zefqif;cHrsm;tm; tv’m[f\trnfemrawmfrsm;zefqif;cHrsm;tm; tv’m[f\trnfemrawmfrsm;zefqif;cHrsm;tm; tv’m[f\trnfemrawmfrsm;zefqif;cHrsm;tm; tv’m[f\trnfemrawmfrsm;zefqif;cHrsm;tm; tv’m[f\trnfemrawmfrsm;ESifhESifhESifhESifhESifh rrSnfhac:oifhjcif;rrSnfhac:oifhjcif;rrSnfhac:oifhjcif;rrSnfhac:oifhjcif;rrSnfhac:oifhjcif;

tcsdKUaomxl;jcm;onfh trnfemrrsm;tm;? ¤if;wdk Y\ rwdusaom

yHkpHjzifh(Oyrm-&tkzf (0g) &[D;rf) ponfwdkYonf omrefvlom;twGufa&m

wrefawmfrsm;twGufyg toHk;jyK cGifh&Sdaomfvnf;? t&f-&tkzf (bmoma&;

tudkif;½Idif;qHk;ol)ESifh t&f-&[D;rf (oem;MuifemqHk;yk*¾dKvf) ponfh trnfemrrsm;

udkum; ray;oifhay/ xdktrnfemrrsm;a&SUwGif a&SUqufpum;vHk; tAf'k&f

(aus;uRef (odkY) tapcH) udkwyfí -tAf'k&f &tkzf? tAf'k&f&[D;rf ponfwdkY

tjzpfomac:tyfonf/

62


(*) aomif[D;'vftlvl[D;,[f (odkY)aomif[D;'vftdAm'[f

(udk;uG,fjcif;cHxdkufrIwGifwpfyg;wnf;jzpfaMumif;udkxdef;odrf;jcif;)

(1) tdAm'[f\ teuft"dyÜg,f

aomif[D;'vftdAm'[fonf udk;uG,fqnf;uyfjcif;cHxd kufrIwGif

wpfyg;wnf;wnf&SdaMumif;udk xdef;odrf;jcif; jzpfonf/ ]tdAm'[f}onf tm&AD

pum;vHk; ]tA'}rS qif;oufvmNyD; ]aus;uRef (odkY) 0efxrf; (odkY) wm0efxrf;

aqmifol}[k t"dyÜg,f&onf/ xdkYaMumifh tdAm'[fonf ,HkMunfudk;uG,frIwGif

olYuRef (odkY) emcHb0wnfaqmufjcif;jzpfonf/ qGvm;ofonf tdAm'[f

jyKjcif;twGuf tjrifhqHk; yHkoP²mefwpfckjzpfonf/ qGvm;ofonf tv’m[f

t&Sifjrwftm; 0wfjyKqnf;uyfjcif;jzpfNyD;? ¤if;wpfckwnf;u tdAm'[f

r[kwfyg/ rsm;pGmaom rGwfpvifrfrsm;onf? yHkrSef0wfjyKaom qGvm;ofrsm;

wnfaqmuf½Hkjzifh teEÅpGrf;tm;&Sif tv’m[ft&Sifjrwftm; ]tdAm'[f}

jyKvkyf&ma&mufonf[k vGJrSm;pGmem;vnfaeMuayonf/ trSefpifppf tpövmrfu

vufcHxm;aom0wfjyKqkawmif;jcif;[laom todonmrSm tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf

tm;vHk;0½dkusdK;í trdefYemcHjcif;?vdkufemjcif;? wm0efxrf;aqmifjcif;wdkY tusHK;

0ifonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifhqdkaomf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\ ynwfcsufrsm;udk

vdkufemjcif; tv’m[fwm;jrpfxm;aomt&mrsm;rS a&Smif&Sm;jcif;onf

]tdAm'[f}(emcHb0wnfaqmufjcif;)rnfí þodkY jyKvkyfaom tdAm'[frsm;

onfvnf; tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf wpfyg;wnf;udkom &nf&G,fíjyKvkyfjcif;

jzpfonf/

(2) txufazmfjyyg aomif[D;'foHk;rsdK;oHk;pm;pvHk;udk wpfNydKifeuf vdkufem&ef

vdktyfygonf/

aomif[D;'ftrsdK;tpm; yxrESpfckudkom,HkMunfNyD;? aomif[D;'vf

tdAm'[fudk vufawGUtaumiftxnfrazmfygu vHk;0toHk;0ifrnfr[kwf/

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefwGif ]rk&fS&pfuf}rsm; (wrefawmfjrwf vufxufawmfu

½kyfxkudk;uG,folrsm;)u aomif[D;'f yxrtrsdK;tpm;ESpfckESifh ywfoufí

twnfjyKcJhaMumif;udk atmufygtwdkif; ñTef;qdkwifjyxm;ygonf/

]](td k-eADwrefawmf)toifonf 4if;wd k Ytm; þodk Y ajymqdkar;

jref;Muygav/tcsif;wdkY toifwdkYtm; rdk;aumif; uifrSvnf;aumif;?

63


urÇmN*dK[f rSvnf;aumif;? rnfolrnf0gpm;eyf&du©m axmufyHhavoenf;/

odk Ywnf; r[kwf rnfolonfem;rsm;ESifh rsufpdrsm;udkpdk;ydkifoenf;/

xdkenf;wlpGm rnfolonf ouf&SdudkoufrJhrS xGufapoenf; }}[k ar;jref;

ygav/ xdktcg 4if;wdkYu ]]tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf}} [líyif rkcsajymqdk

ajzMum;Muayrnf/ odk Y jzpfay&m toifwdk Yonf (wpfpH kwpf&mudk

tv’m[ft&SifjrwfESifh wGJzuf ESdKif;,SOfudk;uG,fjcif;rS) ra&SmifMuOfMu

avoavm}} [kar;jref;ygav/}} (usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef10;31)

tvm;wl tjcm;Oyrmwpfckudk usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef? pl&m[fZkcf½kzfwGif

atmufygtwdkif;awGUjrifEdkifygonf/

]]pifppfaomfum; (tdk-eADwrefawmf) tu,fí om toifonf ¤if;wdkYtm;

toifwd k Yud krnfol zefqif;cJ h oenf;[k pH kprf;ar;jref;cJ h ygvQif

4if;wdk Yutv’m[f t&Sifjrwfyif (zefqif;awmfrlcJ honf)[k {uef

rvGJajymqdk(ajzMum;) Muayrnf/ odkYygvQuf 4if;wdkYonf tb,fodkY

(trSefw&m;bufrS) jyefvSnfhoGm;aeMuyg oenf;/}}

(usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef 43;87)

ruúmNrdKUawmfwGifaexdkifcJhMuaom rk&Sf&D;ufrsm;u tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf

onf olwdkY\zefqif;&Sif?xdef;odrf; apmifha&Smufaomt&Sif? t&Sifocif?

tBuD;tuJjzpfaMumif; udk,HkMunfMuonf/ odkYaomf xdkolrsm;onf tv’m[ft&Sif

jrwftjyif tjcm;aombk&m;rsm;udk 0wfjyK&Sdcdk;jcif;aMumifh rGwfpvifrfrsm;

r[kwfMuay/ tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfu xdkolrsm; udk ]umzd&f}(r,HkMunfolrsm;)

[lívnf;aumif;? ]rk&fS&D;ufrsm;} (½kyfxkudk;uG,folrsm;ESifh tv’m[fESifh

wkzufEdIif;,SOf ukdk;uG,folrsm;) [lítrsdK;tpm; cGJjcm;owfrSwfcJhonf/

��

]]pifppfaomfum; 4if;wdk Yteuf rsm;pGmaom olwdk Yonf tv’m[f

t&Sifjrwftm; wpfpH kwpf&mudk xd kt&SifjrwfESif h wG JzufEd Iif;,SOf

udk;uG,fjcif;rjyKbJ ouf0if,HkMunfMu onf r[kwfaywum;/}}


64


xdkYaMumifhaomif[D;'vftdAm'[f(wpfqlwnf;aom udk;uG,f&mt&Sif

(tv’m[f)udk emcHb0wnfaqmufjcif;tm; xdef;odrf;jcif;onf) aomif[D;'f\

ta&;BuD;aomtpdwftydkif; jzpfonf/xdktv’m[ft&SifonfomvQif emcH

b0wnfaqmuf jcif;udkcH,lxdkufNyD;? xdkt&SifonfomvQifvlom;\ emcHb0

wnfaqmufjcif;tay:wGif? tusdK;&SdapatmiftmrcHcsuf ay;Ekdifaomt&Sif

jzpfonf/

u/ &S&D;uf\ t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsufu/ &S&D;uf\ t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsufu/ &S&D;uf\ t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsufu/ &S&D;uf\ t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsufu/ &S&D;uf\ t"dyÜm,fzGifhqdkcsuf

txufazmfjyyg aomif[D;'ftrsdK;tpm; oHk;ckpvHk;teuf? rnfonfh

trsdK;tpm;udkrqdk xdefcsefxm;jcif; (0g) aomif[D;'foHk;rsdK;pvHk;\ pHcsdef

pHñTef;udkjynfh0pGmvdkufemjcif;r&SdbJ avsmhenf;aejcif;? ,HkMunfrItm;enf;aejcif;

udk ]&S&D;uf} [kac:onf/ &S&D;uf\ pmayt"dyÜm,frSm ]tazmfrsm;ESifh wkzuf

EIdif;,SOfjcif;?cGJa0jcif;}[kt"dyÜm,f&onf/ tpövmrhf a0g[m&wGifrl ]&S&D;ufonf

tv’m[ft&SifjrwfESifh tjcm;aomt&mrsm;udk wGJzufEIdif;,SOf udk;uG,fjcif;

[kt"dyÜm,f&NyD; ½kyfxkrsm;udk;uG,fjcif;vnf;yg0ifygonf/}

c/ &S&D;ufonf tBuD;rm;qHk;aom tjypfjzpfNyD; tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf

b,faomtcgrQ cGifhvTwfrnfr[kwf/

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\ pl&m[fedpmtfwGif tBuD;rm;qHk;aomtjypfESifh

ywfoufí atmufygtwdkif;wifjyxm; ayonf/

��

�!�"�#�$ �!�%&�� '��(%)� �*�+�) ��

]]{uefpifppf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf wpfpH k wpf&mudk rdrdESif h

wGJbuf,SOfNydKif udk;uG,fjcif;udk vGwfNidrf;csrf; omcGifhtvsif; ay;awmfrl

rnfr[kwfay/odkY&mwGif wGJbuf ,SOfNydKif udk;uG,frIrSwyg; tjcm;jypfrIY

'kp½dkufwdkYudkrlum; rdrd tvdk&Sdawmfrlaomoltm; vGwfNidrf;csrf;omcGifh

ay;oem; awmfrltHh/ trSefpifppfaomfum; rnfolrqdk wpfpHkwpf&mudk

tv’m[ft&SifjrwfESifh wGJbufEIdif;,SOf udk;uG,fygrl xdkolonf {uefrvGJ

BuD;av;vSpGmaom jypfrI'kp½dkufudk usL;vGef cJhavownf;}}


65


wlnDaomowif;ay;csufudk pl&m[fedpmtfwGif xyfrH azmfjyxm;ayonf/

��

�!"#�$�� %��&�' �(�' �"�)�* ��

]]rkcs{uef tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf (tjcm;wpfpH k wpf&mudk)

rdrdESifhwGJbuf,SOfNydKif udk;uG,fjcif;udk tvsif;csrf;omcGifh ay;awmfrlrnf

r[kwfay/ odkY&mwGif xdkrSwpfyg; tjcm;tjypfudkrl rdrdtvdk&Sdawmf rloltm;

cGifhvTwfawmfrlayrnf/ trSefpifppfaomfum; rnfolrqdk (wpfpHkwpf&mudk)

tv’m[ft&SifjrwfESifh wGJbuf (,SOfNydKifudk;uG,f)ygrl? xdkolonfrvGJ{uef

(rSefuef aomw&m;vrf;awmfrS) tvGefa0;uGmaomvrf;rSm;odk Y

a&muf&SdacsNyD/}} (usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef 4;116)

(*)&S&D;ufonfi&JrD;odkY ac:aqmifay;rnf/

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef\ pl&m[frmtd'[fwGif &S&D;ufjyKolonf i&JrD;odkY

0ifa&muf&rnfudk atmufygtwkdif; wifjyxm;onf/

�� !�� "�# $�%�� &'�� (&��)�� *+��) �� $�,-� �.��/��0�� *�1�� )�&1�� 2��3�� 4&1�5�� - �� 6&�7 $�%�8 �� 9�:��

;)��<'�= �� >��?��

]]rvG J{uef umzd&fjzpfoGm;Muaomolwd k Yu ]{uef pifppf

tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfonf ]r&f,rf}\om;awmf ]rpD[f} (tDpm)

yifjzpfawmfrlonf}[kajymqdkcJhMuukef\/ trSef aomfum; ]]rpD[f}} (udk,f

wdkif)uyif ]]tdk- tpö&mtDvD rsdK;EG,ftaygif;wdkY toifwdkYonf ig\

t&SifESifh? toifwdkY\t&Sifjzpfawmfrlaom tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfudk yif

c0yfudk;uG,fMuavukef[k ajymqdkcJhavonf/ pifppf{uef rnfolrqdk

(wpfpHkwpf&mudk) tv’m[ft&Sif jrwfESifh wGJzuf(udk;uG,f)ygvQif? tv’m[f

t&Sifjrwfonf xdk(uJhodkYaom) ol\tzdkY ]*sEéwf} trwokcbHkudk rkcs{uef

66

urÇmht"dubmomw&m;rsm;ESifhudk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq 67

ydwfyifxm;awmfrltHh/ ¤if;jyif xdkol\vm;&m|meonf i&JrD;yifjzpfvwåHY/

xdkrSwpfyg; (,if;uJhodkY) rw&m;usL;vGefaomolwdkYtm; ½dkif;yif;ulnD

apmifrrnfhol[líum; wpfpHkwpfa,mufrQ &Sdvdrfhrnf r[kwfay/


(C)tv’m[ft&SifjrwfudkomvQif

c0yfudk;uG,fjcif;ESifhemcHwnfaqmufrIjyKvkyfoifhjcif;

usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefpl&m[ftm;vdtifr&mefwGif tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfudkom

c0yfudk;uG,f? emcHb0wnfaqmufoifhaMumif; atmufygtwdkif; wifjyxm;

ayonf/

�� !�� "�#�� $ �"�% �&��'�� (�)�� *)�� +�,-!$ �� (.��/ �0�� 1�2�3*4 �� 05�� 6*7��4

�8�*��9*: �-4�;�� *6<�/� ��=�> �� 8�?�> �05�� 8 *@ AB:

]](tdk-eAD) toifonf(&[l'DESif h c&pf,mef wdk Ytm;) ajymMum; ygav?

tdkusrf;*ef&&Sdoltaygif;wdkY? toifwdkYonf tuREfkyfwdkYESifh toif wdkYMum;ü

(tm;vHk; vufcHxm;onfh wlnDaompum;bufodkYvmMuukef? (xdkpum;

onfum;) igwdkYonf tv’m[ft&SifjrwfrS wpfyg;tjcm; rnfonfht&mudkrQ

rc0yfrudk;uG,f jcif;? igwdkYonf wpfpHkwpfckaomt&mudkrQ xdkt&SifjrwfESifh

wGJbuf,SOfbuf [lírjyKjcif;? igwdkYteuf tcsdKUonf tv’m[ft&Sifjrwfudk

z,fMuOfí tcsdKUaomolrsm;udk arG;jrL awmfrlaomt&Sifrsm; [lírjyKvkyfjcif;

(yifwnf;)/(,if;uJhodkY zdwfac:NyD;onfhaemufaomfrSyif) tu,fí xdkol wdkYonf

aoGz,fausmcdkif;oGm;Muygrl (tdk-rGwfpvifrf taygif; wdk Y) toifwdk Yu

(xdkolwdkYtm;? tcsif;wdkY) uREfkyfwdkYonf (tv’m[f t&Sifjrwf \) trdefYawmfrsm;udk

r kcsemcHaom rGwfpvifrfrsm;yif jzpfaMumif;? toifwd k Yud k,fwd ki f

oufaocHMuukef[k ajymqdkMu ukefavmh/ (usrf;jrwfukeftmef 3;64)


ed*Hk;

usrf;jrwfukk&ftmefwGifñTefjyxm;onfrSm

�� ! �"� �#�$�%�&��'� #�$(��) *��+ '#,- �#�$��.�� /0'�,1 23,4�� 5'6'��7 �8��9 /#��

��,��.�%�� :5�9 5�.�� #�$,;(��6��

]]4if;jyiftoifwdkYonf tMuifudk;uG,f&mrsm;udk uJh&JU ½Iwfcsjcif; rjyKMuvifh/} xdk

(rk&S f&pfuf)rsm;onf xdkt&mrsm;udk tv’m[ft&Sifjrwftm; pGef Yy,fí

udk;uG,fMu\/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf (toifwdkYonf þodkYjyKvkyfMuvQif)

xdkolrsm;onfvnf; todw&m;r&Sdojzifh pnf;urf;usL;vGefum tv’m[f

t&Sifjrwftm; uJh&JU½Iwfcsjcif; jyKMuayrnf/ igt&Sif onf þenf;twdkif;yif

tkyfpkwdkif;\tjrifwGif 4if;wdkY\ jyKrlcsufwkdYudkvSywifhw,fatmif jyKvkyf

xm;awmf rlcJhavonf/ xkdYaemuf 4if;wdkYtm;vHk;onf rdrdwdkYtm; arG;jrLawmfrl

aom t&SifjrwfxHawmfodkY jyefMu&rnf/ xdktcg t&Sifjrwf onf 4if;wdkUtm;

4if;wdkYjyKvkyfcJhMuonfrsm;udk xkwfazmf rdefYMum; awmfrlonf/}}

(usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef 6; 108)

�� !�"�#�� $�% ��&'�� (��)*�+�, �- �-�. �/0�� 01�2 �/0�� 3��4 �3��5�' �& �� 67��8

]]pifppfaomfum;? tu,fítrSeftuef yx0Dajrü&Sd ukefaom

opfyiftoD;oD;wdkYonf uavmifrsm;jzpfí ork'´&m yifv,fonf (rifjzpfNyD;?

,if;yifv,fukefcef;NyD;aemuf) ork'´&myifv,fckESpfckonf ,if;(cef;ajcmuf

NyD;aom) yifv,fudk xyf rHíjznfhtHhaomfjim;vnf;tv’m[ft&Sifjrwf\

tm,of awmf rsm;um; ukefqHkk;rnfr[kwfay/ rcRwfrvGJ tv’m[ft&Sif jrwf

onf bkef;awmfteEÅ&Sif ÓPfawmfteEÅ&Sif jzpfawmfrl\/}}

(usrf;jrwfukeftmef 31;27)

68


�� !�"#�� $% �& �� '�$()*+� ��, �� -� ��, �./��/)0 ��)1)*2� �� *�� ,�3 ��)*45��4��, �6��5�� 7�� #�� 8,)��1#��+� �� 9:;�< ��/=��

]]tdk-vlcyfodrf;wdkY? OyrmyHkaqmifcsufwpfckudk cdkif;EIdif; rnfjzpf&m toifwdkYonf

,if;OyrmyHkaqmifcsufudk (aumif;pGm) em;axmifMuavukef/ rkcs{uef

tv’m[f t&Sifjrwftm; pGef Yí toifwd k Y[pfac: (woqnf;uyf

udk;uG,fvQuf&Sd)Muaom t&mrsm;rSm 4if;wkYdtm;vHkk; (wpfpnf; wpfvHk;wnf;)

pk½k H;BudK;yrf; tm;xkwfMuonfhwdkifatmif ,ifaumifwpfaumifudkrQyif

tvQif;zef;qif; EkdifMurnf r[kwfay/xdkrSwyg; tu,fí xdk,ifaumifonf ¤if;wdkY

xHrS wpfpHkwpf&mudk vk,lygvQif (okwfoGm;ygvQif) 4if;wdkY onf ,if;t&mudkyif

xdk,if aumif\xHrS jyefvnf vk,lEkdifMurnf r[kwfacs/ &SmazGqnf;yl; (udk;uG,f

qnf;uyf)aomolESifh &SmazGqnf;yl; (udk;uG,f qnf;uyf) jcif; cH&aomolwdkYonf

tm;enf;csdeJYMuaywum;/}} (usrf;jrwfukk&ftmef 22; 73)

csD;rGrf;jcif;taygif;wdkYonf avmucyfodrf;wdkYtm; tqifhqifh jyKpk

ysdK;axmif zefqif;arG;jrLapmifha&Smufawmfrlaomt&Sifocif?zefqif;&Sif?

auR;arG;jyKpk cspfcifjrwfEkd;awmfrlaomt&Sif? xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufawmfrlaom

tv’m[f t&SifjrwftwGufomjzpfayonf/

a'gufwmvSvS0if;

29-6-2005

B.A(Geo;), B. Ed, M.Ed, Ph.D (Edn)(Tsukuba University, Janpan),Diploma in Daiyah (Al-Azahar)

67


udk;um;aomusrf;rsm;

1/ usrf;awmfjrwfuk&ftmeftm&ADrl&if;

2/ uk&ftmeftvif;jyusrf; tvf[m*sfarmifvmemrkzwfpfp&f&kuk&ftmef CmZD

rk[r®'f[m&Sif (&[)

3/ q&m,k'óef?xm0&bk&m;\or®musrf;pm

or®musrf;pmtoif;?&efukef?1965/

4. Toynbee,Arnold '' The Observer ,1954, Oct "

5. A S Hornby Oxford Advanced Leaner's Dictionary , New for 2000, Sixth

Edition

q&mrBuD;a'gufwmvSvS0if;\

xkwfa0NyD;aompmtkyfrsm;

1/ usrf;jrwfuk&ftmefESifhacwfopfodyÜH 2004

2/ urÇmt"dubmomw&m;rsm;ESifh

udk;uG,f&mt&Sift,ltq 2005

3/ tpövmrfESifhacwfopfb0 2006

4/ tpövmrfhvlaerIpepftwGif;rS

trsKd;om;ESifhtrsKd;orD; 2007

5/ tpövmrfrSjyqdkaomtrsKd;orD;tcGifhta&; 2008

qufvufxkwfa0jzefYcsdrnfhpmtkyf

6/ usrf;jrwfuk&ftmef ESifh acwfopfodyÜH

0da&m"djzpfjcif;avm? o[Zmwjzpfjcif;avm

70

Documents

Concept of God in Major Religions - Noahdiscoverquran.com/languages/burmese/my_Concept_of... · Concept of God in Major Religions Edited by Maulawi Muhammad Yasinn Bin Badi-ul-Huseinn