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Concept of “measurable, reportable and verifiable ” measures and actions:
where we are now
1United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
by Jigme
Mandate for MRV
Bali Action Plan
Developed countries
Measurable, reportable and verifiable nationally appropriate
mitigation commitments or actions, including quantified
emission limitation and reduction objectives, by all developed country
Developing countries
Nationally appropriate mitigation actions by developing country Parties in the context of
sustainable development, supported and enabled by
2
objectives, by all developed country Parties, while ensuring the
comparability of efforts among them, taking into account
differences in their national circumstances
supported and enabled by technology, financing and
capacity-building, in a measurable, reportable and
verifiable manner
Existing reporting and reviewing system for Annex I Parties
Reportable Verifiable (review)GHG emissions/ removals
GHG inventories by sector and gas Expert review teams (ERTs) (annually)removals (ERTs) (annually)
GHG projections GHG emissions/removals in future under: “with measures” and “with additional measures”
ERTs (once in 4-5 years)
Accounting data under the Kyoto Protocol units
Initial accounting parameters, holdings and transactions of the Kyoto Protocol units
ERTs and/or the Compliance Committee of the KP (annually)
Domestic policies and measures
Domestic policies and measures to mitigate the GHG emissions and their
ERTs (qualitative and once in 4-5 years)
3
and measures mitigate the GHG emissions and their expected impacts
once in 4-5 years)
Support to finance and technology
Information on support to finance and technology
ERTs (qualitative and once in 4-5 years)
Others V&A; Research and Systematic Observation; Education, training and public awarenes
ERTs (qualitative and once in 4-5 years)
Reporting and reviewing system fornon-Annex I Parties
Verifiable (review)Reportable
Rep
orte
d as
a p
art o
f the
na
tiona
l com
mun
icat
ion
Climate impacts and response strategiesDomestic policies and measures
Financial and technical needs and constraints
GHG emissions/removals by sector and gas
No substantive review(compilation and synthesis report of initial national communication prepared by the secretariat/CGE and
National circumstances and sustainable development,
Rep
orte
d as
a p
art o
f the
na
tiona
l com
mun
icat
ion
4
constraintsEducation, training and public awareness
secretariat/CGE and submitted to the COP)R
epor
ted
as a
par
t of t
he
natio
nal c
omm
unic
atio
n
Few examples of MRV ideas/ proposals put forth by Parties
Developed countriesHow to MRV?What to MRV?
Establishing a facilitative process for the provision of information by Parties on
Actions capable of achieving quantifiable emissions limitation or reduction outcomes
Use and strengthen the experience under the Convention/Kyoto with measurement,
reporting and verification
A set of target parameters of “clean development” subject to international
verification
Follow Convention/Protocol guidelines for Annex I inventories
Economy-wide quantified emissions limitation and reduction commitments (QELROs)
Commitments under the Convention and associated actions
5
Reporting for mitigation shall include reporting on the cost and impact assessment of the mitigation actions, policies and measures,
particularly, on developing countries
provision of information by Parties on their actions in fulfillment of the BAP
emissions limitation or reduction outcomes including actions for which outcomes are not
directly measurable ignored
Ref: Assembly paper (FCCC/AWGLCA/2008/16/Rev.1)
Few examples of MRV ideas/ proposals put forth by Parties
Developing countries
Be done under the register of NAMAsGHG emissions
How to MRV?What to MRV?
Allow independent third-party reviewOutcomes/results of NAMAs, i.e., aggregate
Be done by national entities and procedures (voluntary pledges and “registered” actions -
international guidelines)
The sustainable development benefits and climate co-benefits of the mitigation actions, as well as
costs of actions to be supported for pledged voluntary actions.
Applying the current reporting system as a starting point and revising reporting guidelines for all countries in order to promote consistency and
comprehensiveness
Implementation of sustainable development actions/voluntary mitigation plans, programmes
and actions
Be done under the register of NAMAsGHG emissions
6
Be done at a national level following internationally agreed guidance (principles of
TACCC)
Sectoral data including the introduction rate of technologies, energy efficiency, and stock/vintage
of existing equipment
Assess “compliance” with commitmentsActions capable of achieving quantified emission limitations or reductions that can be extrapolated or
projected based on agreed methodologies.
Allow independent third-party reviewOutcomes/results of NAMAs, i.e., aggregate emissions, at least for key emitting sectors.
Ref: Assembly paper (FCCC/AWGLCA/2008/16/Rev.1)
Few examples of MRV ideas/ proposals put forth by Parties
Support for NAMAs
How to MRV?What to MRV?
Costs and impacts of polices and measures on developing countries
Regular national communication by developed countries; enhancing measurement, reporting and
verification of technology through the use of performance indicators for technology transfer
Information on accomplishments with the support received
Direct and indirect contributions
NAMAs registry(ies)Additional financial and technological support
How to MRV?What to MRV?
7
Costs- and “carbon-effectiveness” of financial assistance and performance indicators for
technology
Provide more frequent and improved reporting on provisions of financial and technology
Information on efforts by developed countries to encourage technology, financing and capacity
building support
developing countries
Ref: Assembly paper (FCCC/AWGLCA/2008/16/Rev.1)
What are NAMAs?
Actions that lead to an appropriate/significant deviation from an emission baseline by [2020], [by 2020 for some regions and by 2050 for all regions], [within a time frame consistent with the long-
Examples of NAMAs:• Sustainable development policies and measures (SD-PAMs)• National low-carbon development plans and policies• Market-based mitigation actions, including CDM projects and
programmatic CDM, sectoral trading systems• National sector-based mitigation actions and standards
2050 for all regions], [within a time frame consistent with the long-term goal], [over an appropriate time period].
8
• National sector-based mitigation actions and standards• No-lose sectoral crediting scheme• Actions to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest
degradation in developing countries (REDD)• Technology deployment programmes or standards.
Ref: Assembly paper (FCCC/AWGLCA/2008/16/Rev.1)
Nature of NAMAs?Should be:
· Be voluntary and non-binding and correspond to the capabilities of each · Be voluntary and non-binding and correspond to the capabilities of each Party
· Be distinct from the mitigation commitments of Annex I Parties· Reflect aspects of capability, responsibility, mitigation potential and national
circumstances· Be of the same legal “character” of various countries’ efforts for all
countries, whether developed or developing, although the substantive content may differ
· Be different by nature of actions and/or commitments for different groups of
9
· Be different by nature of actions and/or commitments for different groups of developing countries
· Involve “fast start” strategies with existing technologies to mitigate climate change in the immediate term
More details on these examples are provided in AWG-LCA “assembly paper” which is available here,
http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2008/awglca4/eng/16r01.pdf
Strategic MRV concept
Negotiations…
Measurable elementsmitigation action
provision of financial resources
(bas
ed o
n “s
hare
d vi
sion
”)Step 1 Step 2 Step 3
Measurable elements(parameters/indicators)
technology transfer
provision of financial resources
Reportable elements(parameters/indicators)
mitigation action
technology transfer
provision of financial resources
mitigation action
provision of financial resources
Act
ions
by
Part
ies
(bas
ed o
n “s
hare
d vi
sion
”)
capacity building
capacity building
10
Verifiable elements(parameters/indicators) technology transfer
provision of financial resources
New climate change regime
(bas
ed o
n “s
hare
d vi
sion
”)
New/revised reporting and review guidelines
capacity building
Conclusions• Current review/reporting system (Convention + KP) is quite
established but its more focused on emissions side • Ideas and proposals are mostly still at conceptual level, but details are • Ideas and proposals are mostly still at conceptual level, but details are
starting to emerge (eg. Norwegian, Korean, South African and the EU proposals on MRV of NAMAs)
• Need more clarity on aspects such as:– To whom should the MRVs apply?– What is to be measured, reported and verified?
• MRV system – important part of future climate regime• By current discussions, considerable changes are likely to be needed
11
• By current discussions, considerable changes are likely to be needed but only vague ideas now on what will change and how
• Formulation of MRV-related requirements will trigger changes in UNFCCC guidelines, procedures, and support infrastructure > Copenhagen: should become important milestone (not much time left until 2013 to put MRV system in place)