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CONCEPT NOTE 3rd International Conference on the Emergence of Africa 17 to 19 January 2019 Dakar Sénégal CICAD, Diamniadio

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I) INTRODUCTION

In the wake of the 2016 shocks, the world economy has been recovering and global growth

for 2018 is estimated at 3.9%. The recovery observed in 2017 is expected to continue with

global growth maintained at 3.9% in 2019, according to IMF. Africa is committed to this

process with an accelerated growth mounting from 3.7% in 2017 to 4.1% in 2018 and 2019

(African Development Bank, 2018: "Economic Perspectives in Africa"). The improvement is

essentially due to a more favorable international economic situation (stronger world growth,

increase in the prices of raw materials, in particular, oil, etc.), increased domestic demand

and rise in agricultural production. This African average conceals the even greater

performance of the majority of countries striving to move towards emergence (Côte d'Ivoire,

Ethiopia, Ghana, Rwanda, Senegal, Tanzania…) with an economic growth of close to 7%

between 2016 and 2018. The economic dynamics of these countries is driven by the private

sector and domestic consumption as well as public investments intended to upgrade the

infrastructure.

The International Conference on the Emergence of Africa (ICEA) was instituted to support

this dynamics. More specifically, it seeks to support the building of African countries’

capacities to prepare and implement the emergence plans by pooling their expertise and

documenting good practices in the field. The first two editions of the ICEA showed that

several African countries were striving to move towards emergence. For this purpose, they

prepared emergence plans supported by long-term visions consistent with the principles of

African Union Agenda 2063. To achieve this objective in the long term, the countries must

address major challenges such as: (i) forging solid consensus among all stakeholders

(politicians, civil society, national private sector…) on the long-term vision in order to stay

within scope and pursue the reforms beyond the whims of the electoral cycles, (ii) the

development of individual and collective leadership to provide strategic and operational

guidance to emergence which, as a bet on the future, is planned and built in a stable

environment (peace, security, respect of human rights, transparency,…).

This was the spirit underlying the Abidjan Declaration of 2015, which called on African

players, starting with governments, to initiate a reflection and common strategic watch on

issues that could impact the progress towards emergence. The Declaration underscored the

need to organize a Forum on good practices, every two years. This biannual event is

beginning to take shape and increasingly serves as a framework where African stakeholders

(government, private sector, civil society, universities…) exchange views on common

constraints and challenges in order to find solutions in keeping with the African context, and

benefit from the lessons learned in Africa and elsewhere.

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II) GENERAL BACKGROUND

The first edition of ICEA (ICEA-I), held from 18 to 20 March 2015, served as a forum to discuss

the conditions of Africa's emergence in light of the ongoing process and progress and the

lessons learned from the economic and social transformations in emerging countries,

namely China, Brazil, India and Malaysia, but also in some African countries. Its Declaration

outlined the model of emergence adopted by the Continent because of its specificities.

The second edition of ICEA (ICEA-II), held from 28 to 30 March 2017 focused on the challenges

of implementing the emergence plans in Africa. To address these challenges, there is need

for core skills, rigour, organization; firm commitment at all levels, starting with the State and

public administration, as well as the mobilization of the necessary funding.

The economic growth of several African countries currently striving to move towards

emergence is sustained by public investments in infrastructure. Indeed, these investments

are likely to indirectly stimulate growth by attracting private investments, but their sustained

development could, over time, be limited by debt pressure. In this context, the discussion

increasingly focussed on the need (or urgency) to substantially increase the private sector's

contribution to growth to ensure that it remains strong, sustainable and takes into account

the opportunities that are around the corner (continental free trade area, expansion of the

African market size and the middle class, rapid urbanization…).

Building on these positive signals to accelerate structural transformation requires a national

private sector committed to massive investment in order to kick-off new growth engines,

particularly in sectors where the African demand is rapidly growing (manufacturing

industries, food processing industries, capital goods, household appliances, spare parts,

support services…), bearing in mind the digital revolution and its impact on the methods of

producing goods and services. This also calls for the development of competitive chains in

sectors where African countries have comparative advantages or can work together; there

is need to acquire market shares at national, regional and global level in order to create more

wealth and jobs on the spot.

Developing national champions and transforming them into African champions should

facilitate this process, encourage the emergence of integrated activities with a more

competitive SME fabric and gain export market shares. This is one way of generating a more

sustainable domestic resource base that could support public policy funding. Seen from this

angle, the progress towards the emergence of African countries goes hand in hand with the

development of innovative national champions that could take risks in the long term.

In the majority of African countries, particularly those aspiring to join the list of emerging

countries, this debate is taking shape and requires practical solutions to enable the private

sector to contribute to a more sustainable growth dynamics. To move in this direction, there

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is need to have a strong national private sector, committed to the long term and supported

by solid partnerships with a developmental State (as defined in ICEA-I Abidjan Declaration.

With this in mind, the private sector led by its national champions, will be the major player

in the effort to boost the structural transformation of the economy and accelerate progress

towards emergence. It should therefore participate in the joint drafting, driving and

implementation of structural reforms and strategic

investments with strong knock-on-effects on structural transformation; and enable African

countries to maintain strong and inclusive growth to support the capital accumulation and economic diversification process.

In addition to accelerating and maintaining growth in the long term, the other challenge

concerns its quality to ensure greater inclusiveness in an environment marked by the

populations' strong aspiration to wellbeing and improved governance. In this context, it is

important to reconcile the long-term requirements arising from the necessary structural

transformation of the economies, and short-term requirements because of the pressing

social demand relating to poverty and inequalities. Indeed, the feasibility (and credibility) of

the emergence processes requires that they gradually produce human development results

in line with Agendas 2063 of the African Union and 2030 on sustainable development. This

implies the awareness of links between the exploitation of the territories’ economic

opportunities and the reduction of economic and geographical inequalities. To meet these

long and short-term requirements, the populations' full support is required as well as their

involvement in all the stages of the emergence process, subject to a clearly worded social

contract built on a shared vision and geared towards accountability.

Thanks to the lessons learned from the first two editions and taking the current trends into

account, the 3rd edition of ICEA (ICEA-III) will deal with private sector development and the

emergence of national champions as prerequisites for the success of the African emergence

plans. In addition to these central issues, the Conference will also look into the terms and

conditions of private sector contribution to the inclusion and exploitation

of the territories’ economic opportunities, within the framework of fruitful public-private

partnerships.

To enhance the credibility of the ICEA, the 2019 edition will provide the opportunity to take

stock of the implementation of resolutions adopted by the two preceding ICEA editions and

provide new insights. Its credibility also implies the capacity to positively impact the ongoing

preparations and revisions of emergence plans in several African countries. For this purpose,

ICEA-III will be an occasion to make a few innovations, while

capitalizing on the results of the first two editions. During the national case studies, the

emergence process in progress on the continent will be reviewed and the good practices of

African countries highlighted. Besides, in addition to the private sector which will play a

central role in the preparation and conduct of the ICEA-III, the African Network of Delivery

Units will be fully involved in the scientific organization so as to take ownership

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of this event and strengthen collaboration among its members. The interaction among

members of the Network will be facilitated by the digital platform for collaborative

exchanges dedicated to the sharing of experiences and solutions likely to lift the constraints

with which African countries are regularly confronted. This platform will also serve as a

forum where these actors could find the last generation tools and methods available in Africa

or elsewhere in the world.

III) OBJECTIVES

The overall objective of ICEA-III is to further the discussions and propose practical solutions

for the African emergence plans, through a visible commitment of the national private sector

supported by solid partnerships with the State for a strong, resilient and inclusive growth

that develops the potentials of all regions. It more specifically aims to:

- Take stock of the African countries' progress towards emergence and document

good practices;

- Capitalize on best practices so as to guarantee the inclusiveness of the emergence

processes;

- Discuss the best initiatives that would strengthen the role of the private sector in the

emergence processes;

- Consolidate interactions and collaboration between structures in charge of

monitoring the emergence plans.

IV) EXCEPTED RESULTS

At the end of ICEA-III proceedings, the main expected results will be:

- A better understanding of the ongoing emergence processes in Africa and of

bottlenecks which hold back the development of the private sector and inclusiveness;

- A strengthened collective leadership (State, private sector, populations) to coordinate

the interventions of all stakeholders and a public-private dialogue;

- Building the capacities of stakeholders, in particular structures in charge of steering

the emergence plans, while providing them with practical options as well as

innovative tools and methods.

- A scan of good practices and lessons learned from emerging policies for all African

countries covered by the RBA, based on the Best Practices Framework;

- Facilitation of B2B meetings between private investors from emerging countries and

potential national champions and presentation of promising sectors for partnerships.

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V) THEME : « EMERGENCE, PRIVATE SECTOR AND INCLUSIVENESS »

The theme chosen for the conference “Emergence, Private Sector and Inclusiveness” will

expand on the issues raised earlier on. The discussions and solutions which will focus on

the national private sector’s commitment, will be organized around the following sub-

themes:

- Development of national champions in competitive chains and attraction of foreign

direct investments (FDI): catalyst of the emergence process;

- Inclusiveness: guarantee of emergence process sustainability.

V.1. Promotion of the private sector as a driver of emergence: Development of national

champions in competitive sectors and attractiveness of external financing

The achievement of Agenda 2030 on sustainable development entails the acceleration of

economic growth by at least 7% per annum in African countries. As is the case in all market-

based economies, this supposes that the private sector is its principal driving force. However,

while the share of public investment in Africa’s GDP, and in that of Sub-Saharan Africa in

particular, is equivalent to that of other parts of the world, the private investment share is

still under 7 basic points (15% against 22% between 2010 and 2016) compared to Southeast

Asia (IMF, 2018: “Economic Outlook for Sub-Saharan Africa: Domestic Revenue Mobilization

and Private Investment”).

This low level also reflects the limited attractiveness of foreign direct investments (FDI), which

account for approximately 2% of GDP (US$ 67 billion on average per annum between 2010

and 2016) and 27% of private investments in Africa against 8% of GDP and 36% of private

investments in Southeast Asia. Besides, the bulk (57%) of these FDIs are captured by five

countries (Angola, Egypt, Nigeria, Ghana, Ethiopia) with the majority of flows (76%) going to

the mining sector. This situation, which scales down the contribution of the modern private

sector (industries and services) to growth, reflects the need to have a quality ecosystem

conducive to its expansion and the development for national champions operating in

competitive chains. At another plan, 94% of FDI from Africa (US$ 25 billion on average per

annum between 2010 and 2016) come from South Africa, Angola, Egypt, Morocco and

Nigeria. It is worth noting that Angola alone registered 68% of these flows. This indicates that

only a few African countries have a private sector with a regional, continental or global

strategy. Thus, only 400 African companies have a turnover of over US$ 1 billion.

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In this context, it is imperative to have a better understanding of the internal constraints

facing the private sector, limiting its investment and stalling the development of national

champions (lack of vision and longterm development strategy, problems of organization and

corporate governance, limited risk-taking, low capacity to forge alliances…). However, the

constraints do not affect the private sector alone since the situation is still marked by public

policy gaps that slow down the creation of proper ecosystems. The most mentioned

obstacles relate to the unfavorable business environment, distortions stemming from the

tax system, high corruption level, difficulties to access financing, the quality of human

resources in certain sectors, the infrastructure deficit (availability and cost of energy and

logistics). These constraints limit the capacity of companies to expand and consolidate

through organic growth and/or merger-acquisitions to become national champions.

Moreover, the majority of African countries still lack a common State-private sector vision to

trigger the emergence of national companies with the ability to create wealth and jobs in

sufficient numbers. The absence of a shared vision is reflected in the national private sector's

unprivileged access to public contracts, lack of local-content policies and the non-obligation

to establish capital-intensive partnerships between national and foreign investors, which

results in the unbalanced composition of the social capital of private companies. This lack of

shared vision finally translates into the absence of an active diplomacy to assist national

companies in the search of external markets, in particular, at the regional and continental

level.

Some of these issues were discussed at the “Africa CEO Forum (ACF)” held in March 2018 in

Abidjan where the need for the African private sector to improve its productivity, invest in

innovation, strengthen its dialogue with the public sector and develop its governance system,

were highlighted. The ACF also discussed the issue of future national champions, in

particular the start-ups working on new technologies. However, this reflection needs to be

exhaustive in order to better familiarize with the constraints that limit national private

investment and FDIs at a time when opportunities are in sight. It is the case of the Continental

Free Trade Zone (CFTZ) which will boost intra-African trade (16% currently against 50% in

Asia and 70% in Europe) with a market to reach 2.5 billion people by 2050 (against 1.2 billion

in 2015, and a third of its members belonging to the middle class, according to United

Nations data). This is also the case with the rapid urbanisation of the Continent (58.9% in

2050 against 41.2% in 2015): a phenomenon that served as a lever for industrialization,

everywhere else in the world, and which will be realized by rethinking the organization of

African cities to enhance the attractiveness of industries and services (Banque Mondiale,

2017: « Africa’s cities: opening doors to the

World »).

Thus, the national private sector has considerable leeway to better contribute to accelerating

growth and maintaining it at a high level, if it is better organized and committed to invest so

as to increase productivity and competitiveness and position African economies in a virtuous

process with potential for job creation and innovation. This is the trend in most emerging

economies in Asia or elsewhere and is often combined with the emergence of real national

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champions, facilitating faster structural transformation and developing integrated chains.

This is the case in South Korea where national champions have become leading global

players in the new technologies, automobile and shipbuilding sectors.

With a population of over 1 billion (34% of whom are middle class) and more than 2.5 billion

in 2050, Africa will have to be reckoned with, if the installation of the CFTZ is seriously

considered and buttressed by a shared vision of the strategic positioning of African countries

in each of the five regions. The primary focus will be the nagging issue of specialization and

development of regional, and even continental value chains. In this respect, Africa must build

solid strategic partnerships to take into account the shifting of the world's centre of gravity

from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean, a movement that could draw closer to the

Indian Ocean, and therefore to Africa, if African countries take the right decisions together.

From this perspective, the African private sector has an important role to play; it must act

quickly to ensure the emergence of more national champions positioned on competitive

chains as major players in the continental market that will enjoy more

legitimacy on the global value chains.

The core discussions of the next Conference will focus on the identification with the private

sector, of practical solutions to double (and even triple), in the next 10 years, the number of

African companies whose turnover exceeds US$ 1 billion, in particular national champions

with a regional, and even continental strategy. These solutions should facilitate the removal

of bottlenecks, which hinder the increase in private investment in Africa (FDI, national private

investments). The discussions will be held in relation with the G20 Pact with Africa, which

proposes, inter alia, a framework to stimulate private investment. They may also benefit

from the work undertaken in this field by the United Nation Development System,

particularly UNIDO.

ICEA-IIII will therefore provide the opportunity to further discuss the conditions of

development of national champions positioned on growth-driving sectors. In addition to

discussions already launched at the ACF in 2018, the ICEA-III will broaden the exchanges

around solutions for companies working in traditional sectors (manufacturing industries,

food processing industries, support services, digital economy…) that can take full advantage

of the above-mentioned positive factors (CFTZ, expansion of the African market,

urbanization…). Thus, the ICEA-III will improve on the solutions discussed at the 2018 ACF by

replacing them in a more global context, which takes into account the role of the public

sector and macro-economic framework. The States have a role to play in the emergence of

national champions; there is thus need to assess the quality of their support for the

development of ecosystems and the search for external markets.

It will involve calling upon the foreign private sector to redirect FDI flows into the above-

mentioned sectors to facilitate their access to capital, technologies and an enhanced

positioning on the global value chains. Finally, the discussions will explore solutions to be

considered to enable the private sector to overcome its internal constraints (organization,

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corporate governance…) and strengthen its capacity to initiate a renewed dialogue with the

public sector. The dialogue will focus on the business environment but will also be backed

by solutions compatible with the ambition to emerge (shared vision and agenda around

growth engines, private investment, private funding of infrastructure…).

Within this framework, the analysis will be based on lessons learned from the role that States

had to play for the development of competitive chains and the expansion of national

champions in certain emerging countries, in particular the beneficial effects and limits. The

analysis will help to better define public policies to be adopted in Africa to assist the private

sector to develop high-productivity, competitive and innovative goods and services and

avoid their unwarranted protection that is damaging to the economy in the medium and

long term.

The discussions will also examine solutions to support the development of national

champions through partnerships with international investors with a good understanding of

global value chains and the capacity to facilitate technology transfer and access to capital. In

this respect and as an example, the solutions proposed by the “Made-In-Africa” Initiative

being operationalized in some countries (Ethiopia, Côte d'Ivoire, Nigeria, Rwanda, Djibouti…)

will be analysed. The purpose of this initiative is to strengthen Africa's positioning in the

global value chains by taking advantage of the increase in wage costs in China and the

transition of its development model (Made-In-China 2025) towards an economy based on

technology and innovation. It supports the relocation of manufacturing industries to Africa

and/or the development of private investment, particularly Chinese, in sectors where the

countries enjoy competitive advantages. For this purpose, meetings will be organized

alongside the Conference to (i) facilitate B2B meetings between private investors of

emerging countries and potential national champions, (ii) present promising sectors for

capital-intensive partnerships and (iii) take stock of the implementation of the “Made-In-

Africa” Initiative.

It will finally involve analysing the contribution of these champions to the development of

integrated chains. Within this framework, the reflection will focus on the relevance of the

chain approach, which transcends the sectoral vision, as a method of promoting the

enhanced integration of public policies and coordination of private sector interventions. The

discussions will serve to examine the advantages and limits of this approach, in particular,

the public policies to be developed, the capacity and interest of national champions to

facilitate the emergence of a corporate ecosystem (sub-contractors, co contractors) working

around a common strategic objective.

V.2. Inclusiveness: guarantee of emergence process sustainability

The high growth registered in Africa in recent years contrasts with the less rapid

improvement of its human development index (UNDP, 2016: “World Human Development

Report”), leading one to question the capacity of current development strategies to meet the

population's concerns. Providing appropriate responses to this issue is crucial for the

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populations' support to the aspiration for emergence, which requires compliance with the

social contract concluded between governments and the people.

In view of the situation of precariousness, vulnerability and low resilience within the

communities, the plans for emergence should be underpinned by social contracts to

gradually eradicate all forms of social exclusion and involve the populations in their own

development. Achieving this goal requires initiatives from both the public and private sectors

as well as their perfect complementarity to create decent jobs, facilitate the inclusion of small

rural producers in the value chains, ensure full participation of women in the economic

sphere, (according to UNDP, economic losses due to gender inequalities on the labour

market represent US$ 105 billion in 2014, i.e. 6% Sub-Saharan Africa’s GDP) and create a

framework for social dialogue to promote civic values conducive to development. This

partnership will facilitate the development of interventions for emergence, reflecting the

achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals.

To address this problem, ICEA-III will facilitate substantive discussions (i) on

reforms/investments to be initiated and/or expanded to move towards an emergence of

African countries, reflecting inclusiveness, namely the ability of growth to reduce poverty and

inequalities. It will amount to focusing on recurring difficulties encountered by the African

countries’ public sector to guarantee investments needed to achieve sustainable human

development and ensure their effectiveness. The same will apply to the existence and

capacity of a competitive private sector positioned on high-productivity goods and services

to create sufficient jobs. This is in line with the above-mentioned right balance between

internal capital accumulation through the reinvestment of profits on the spot to create more

wealth and jobs, and the repatriation of profits.

From this standpoint, the creation of decent high-productivity jobs is seen as an appropriate

channel through which economic growth could improve social wellbeing; the discussion will

help deepen and define the respective roles that the public and private sectors, as well as

the populations themselves, will have to play. Given the demographic profile of the African

continent, where the population is mostly young, the ability to create jobs for the youth is a

major challenge. One of the inevitable pathways is therefore to strengthen human capital, in

particular, enhance the efficiency and quality of education and training. This cannot be

effective without promoting Training Centers of Excellence and partnership with the private

sector to develop research and innovation in order to increase the productivity and quality

of goods and services.

Given the limited job-creating capacity of the public service, all the conditions must be met

to enable the private sector to fully play its part in the creation of sufficient decent and

productive jobs. Indeed, it is confronted with many difficulties, which limit its demand for

jobs. Besides, the positioning of African countries on the value chains (low commodity

processing, less than 2% contribution to the global manufacturing industry) limits job

creation to a minimum number to cope with the demographic boom. Conversely, such

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positioning exports African jobs to countries that are better positioned on the value chains.

The national private sector has a fundamental role to play to meet this challenge.

On a different level, the pace at which the trickle-down effects of growth are felt is not rapid

enough to sustainably increase the income level of all households, particularly in the rural

areas, or to significantly raise the productivity levels of the informal economy. Thus, the

structural transformation of African economies, while optimizing the sectoral composition

of production, should lay special focus on sectors with the highest working population. These

include the agricultural economy, which occupies the majority of households in African

countries and still faces a productivity gap and the informal economy, which currently

provides most of the jobs in the urban areas.

In this context, the emergence plans should promote the appropriate reforms to attract

private investments in these sectors, ensure a more efficient diversification and better

integration into value chains, and finally provide guidance that is more favorable to local

economies. These plans must also promote increased financial inclusion of small producers

of the rural and informal sectors to invest in productivity and services, which currently limit

their professionalization, compliance with standards and access to markets.

Moreover, the provision of social services, particularly education, health, water, sanitation

and market access infrastructure, is a key component of inclusiveness. These sectors still

have substantial investment requirements, which need to be strengthened both

quantitatively and qualitatively and call for public investments as well as private sector

mobilization in favour of social sectors. Since poverty eradication and the reduction of

inequalities seem to be the end-purpose of the emergence process, there is need to find

ways and means to gradually and sustainably create equal opportunities for all populations

to benefit from a shared prosperity.

A more inclusive growth can be obtained through the harmonious development of all

territories, taking into account their different potentials or needs for equity so as to settle

the populations in places where wealth is created and, thus address their concentration in

urban centres. It will involve initiating discussions on the territorialization of public policies

in a context in which the bulk of investments, infrastructure and production of goods and

services are centralized in African capitals. However, to achieve a balanced social and

economic development throughout the territories, there is need for heavy investments in

the economic, digital and social infrastructure whose funding may face constraints of

national debt sustainability. It is therefore vital to undertake a reflection on complementary

financing modalities (private sector, PPP, Land value capture…).

Given these multiple challenges, all of which will not be analysed, the discussions will focus

on development territorialisation models (regional development poles, competitiveness

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pole, cluster of companies) and their adaptability for a territory-based emergence promoting

wealth creation on the spot. In this respect, it is important to discuss ways in which the

private sector could be the driving force of this process (developing the potentials of

territories, integration in value chains, financing the infrastructure…). In this perspective, the

private sector’s expectations with respect to other actors, including the public sector, must

be better understood to enable it to effectively play its role as driver of the territorialisation

of emergence.

VI) FORMAT AND ORGANIZATION OF WORK

The conference will be organized in the form of high-level panels composed of plenary

sessions with presentations on selected themes, followed by discussions. It will start with

an opening ceremony with statements by the Heads of State, heads of international

organizations and the African private sector.

A plenary session will be held for each of the above-mentioned two themes, followed by

parallel sessions to delve further into issues, draw lessons and make recommendations.

Four parallel sessions will be held: two per sub-theme with discussions on the roles that

the private sector, the State and other actors, including African integration organizations,

are expected to play.

A gala dinner will be organized on the first day, in the form of a thematic event with the

participation of major African entrepreneurs and the presentation of innovative

experiences in Africa (with the possible award of symbolic prizes).

Side events will also be held to enable stakeholders and countries, particularly the host

country, to present innovations relating to the Conference theme and facilitate experience

sharing. The themes of these events could focus on the proceedings of the African Network

of Delivery Units, experiences in social inclusion (PUDC, etc.), lessons learned from the

development of some national champions, etc.

A plenary session will be organized on the last day to present the ICEA-III conclusions and

recommendations, followed by the Closing Ceremony during which the Dakar Declaration

and work program will be read in preparation for ICEA-IV.

VII) TARGET AUDIENCE

The conference will be attended by Heads of State and Government as well as development

actors and partners from Africa, Latin America, Asia and Europe. In view of the Conference

theme, the private sector will play a central role in the preparation and holding of ICEA-III.

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Participants will be practitioners from public administration, private sector, civil society,

researchers from the academic world as well as experts from bilateral and multilateral co-

operation agencies, including the United Nations System, World Bank and African Union.

VIII) BACKGROUND DOCUMENTATION

The background documentation for the conference will include the following :

(i) Reports and case studies;

(ii) Presentations by panellists (notes, presentations….,) ;

(iii) Discussion notes for plenary and parallel sessions;

(iv) Briefing notes for participants.

For the documentation of plenary sessions, the World Bank and African Development Bank

will each prepare a report on the theme entrusted to it. The UNDP, for its part, will report on

the progress of emergence and good practices in Africa with particular emphasis on the

development of national champions. To this end, a scan of good practices in African

countries and national case studies will be prepared. For the documentation of parallel

sessions, personalities/institutions/countries will be identified beforehand to prepare

papers or case studies to guide the discussion.

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IX) Summary table from ICEA-I to ICEA-III

ICEA-1 ICEA-II ICEA-III Emergence of Africa: conceptual

framework, issues and conditions

Implementation of emergence plans in Africa

Emergence, Private Sector and Inclusiveness

Developmental State and Emergence

• Prerequisite: peace, security and respect for human rights in Africa • Strategic planning and promotion of structural reforms in the public interest • Ability to provide quality public services and develop solid partnerships with the private sector • Transparency and accountability

Governance of public institutions

• Approaches for the efficient, transparent and participatory implementation and monitoring-evaluation of emergence plans. • Roles of other stakeholders (State, CSO, Private Sector…) in the implementation of emergence plans • Planning and financing infrastructure required for emergence

Developing national champions in competitive chains and attracting foreign direct investments: catalyst of the emergence process; • Conditions of developing national champions (role of the State, private sector organization, corporate governance and public-private dialogue, role of regional integration); • Development of integrated chains to accelerate the emergence processes; • Development of quality ecosystems to improve productivity and competitiveness: economic reforms, infrastructure and logistics, human capital, promoting research and innovation, energy mix, other factors of production and services, digitization of the economy, private sector financing…; • Attraction of private investments to fund emergence plans, in particular, infrastructure; • Informality, entrepreneurship and Productivity

Emergence and changes in production and consumption patterns • Structural transformation for a diversified, sustainable growth, using technology and innovation • Production and consumption patterns in conformity with sustainable development requirements • Development infrastructure and acceleration of regional integration

Structural, inclusive and sustainable transformation • Infrastructure, urbanization and industrialtransformation • Industrialization and job creation • Digitization and emergence • Human capital and emergence • Development of entrepreneurship and business

Human development and emergence • Inclusive growth • Social policies and equity • Gender and development • Human security and resilience

Inclusiveness: guarantee of emergence process sustainability • Effective coordination of private and public investments (territorialisation of public policies, regional planning, regional development poles, alternative and sustainable infrastructure financing) • Economic diversification and geographically balanced wealth creation; • Optimizing positive externalities (promotion of decent employment, redistribution to vulnerable groups…) and minimizing negative externalities (case of worsening economic inequalities and geographical disparities) within the framework of wealth creation. • Shared vision and culture of emergence.