Comunicarea pe internet in campania electorala - LILIANA BRAD TROCAN

7/31/2019 Comunicarea pe internet in campania electorala - LILIANA BRAD TROCAN

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Frzsmlv

MLUSAERFBSB,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,6

LAMDB OBEMN M FAORLMFNSBN ZADMUMF ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2

MLUBSLBURD M FAORLMFNSBN ZADMUMF ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,0 FRO N NZSRU MLUBSLBURD,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,; FAORLMFNSBN ZADMUMF ZSML MLUBSLBU ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,= FAORLMFNSBN ZADMUMF VNR FAORLMFNSBM ZADMUMF,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,>> OBEMNUMYNSBN ZADMUMFMM8 ZADMUMFN OBEMNUMYSMM ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,>; CDAK$ CDAKKMLK$ CDAKAV@BSM ZADMUMF,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,33

ONSHBUMLK ZADMUMF L BSN EMKMUND ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,32

FNOZNLMN BDBFUASND ALDMLB ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,3; ZRCDMFMUNUBN ZADMUMF ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,3= RL ZADMUMFMNL VB PMLEB ONM VFROZ FN RL MNRSU ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,6: ZRCDMFMUNUB ZADMUMF ZBLUSR FNVN NDC ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,63 ZRCDMFMUNUB ZADMUMF L VMVUBO RLMLAOMLND ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,63 ZRCDMFMUNUB ZADMUMF ZBLUSR ZNSDNOBLURD BRSAZBNL ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,65 ZRCDMFMUNUB ZADMUMF ZBLUSR ZSBBEMLMN SAOLMBM,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,60 LARD ONSHBUMLK ZADMUMF M PAURD USNEMMALND,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,67 VB ZAU FUMKN NDBKBSMDB ZSML MLUBSLBU 1 ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,6= FRO VB FUMK NDBKBSMDB L BSN EMKMUND,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,5>

CDAKAV@BSN ZADMUMF SAOLBNVF,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,53

ZSMOMM ZADMUMFMBLM CDAKKBSM SAOLM ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,56 CDAKAV@BSN ZADMUMF EML SAOLMN ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,52 CDAKRD DN ZVE ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,50

Cdakrd drm Mal Mdmbvfr ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,50Cdakrd drm Omsfbn Kbanl ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2>

CDAKRD DN ZE/D,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,26 Cdakrd drm Bdbln Resbn ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,22 Cdakrd drm Enlmbd @rlbsmr ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,27

CDAKRD DN ZLD ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,0> Cdakrd drm Fsml Nlualbvfr,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,03 Cdakrd drm Fdml Zazbvfr Usmfbnlr ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,05

EBYPADUNSBN CDAKAV@BSBM ZADMUMFB SAOLBUM ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,00

@NFBCAAH/RD ZANUB NERFB PAURSM,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,07

ZADMUMFMNLRD SAOL M @NFBCAAH/RD ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;: @NFBCAAH ZBLUSR ZADMUMFMBLM ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;3

FALFDRYMM,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;5 CMCDMAKSN@MB ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,;0


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Mlusaerfbsb

Fnoznlmn bdbfuasnd umz vnfa vnr fnoznlmb bdbfuasnd aldmlb1 Nlndmumm

zadmumfm eml Saolmn vrvml lv f onm usbfb lf ordu umoz zl fle faorlmfnsbn l

vmvubo aldmlb pn ml`drbln bdbfuasnurd saolbvf$ vbkoblurd emvfmzdmlnu fnsb paubny

`mmle l psvu eb zbvub 2: eb nlm m onm ndbv eml obemrd srsnd, Zblusr nfbumn$ fnoznlmn

bdbfuasnd eb umz vnfa pn `m fbn onm b`mfmblu$ mns zadmumfmblmm saolm umr cmlb nfbvu

drfsr, Vzbfmndmvurd GGGGGZgmd LacdbGGGGG$ falvmdmbsrd zblusr fnoznlmn aldmlb nd drm Cnsnfh

Acnon fsbeb f m enf eans 2:" emlusb paunlmm saolm vrlu falbfunm dn Mlubslbu$

nffblurd ns usbcrm v vb zrl zb falunfurd aldmlb fr umlbsmm$ l zsbyblu lbmlubsbvnm eb

zadmumf$ ens fnsb pas falvumurm bdbfuasnurd eb cny eb zbvub fmpn nlm, Vrffbvrd vbovans l fm anoblm mlus zb vmub/rd ur$ l fub nesbvb eb b/onmd nm$ l fm zsmbublm

nm l sbbdbdb vafmndb aldmlb$ l fub b/onmd/rsm usmomm$ l fb usn`mf nm, Eb nfbbn$ sbbdbdb

vafmndb aldmlb zau `m znkmlm eb fnoznlmb lba`mfmndb fb zau vuslkb onm ordub mozsbvmm

m azmlmm vnr zau zsbyblun rl fnlemenu ordu onm zb dnsk ebfu lus/a umsb vnr rl

sbzasuni obemn, Sbbun Acnon n àvu vmozd9 cblb`mfmmle eb omdmanlb eb nesbvb

bdbfusalmfb$ acmlrub eb crl/pamb eb dn bdbfuasnu$ bdbfuasnurd bsn mlàsonu aenu fr

onvv/obemn ebvzsb uanub nvzbfubdb fnoznlmbm bdbfuasndb, Nlndmumm zadmumfm vrvml foaumprd zblusr fnsb fnoznlmn fnlemenurdrm eboafsnu dn zsbbemlmn VRN n àvu fr

nebpsnu sbpadrmalns ns `m zbs`bfun faasealnsb emlusb obvni 'vfgmocnsb- m oaendmum

'mlapnuansb zsml bwfbdbl$ erfle lvrm falfbzurd eb zadmumf 3,: dn rl lmpbd

rsouas-, Pmfhuas Vymkbupnsm$ falvrdunlurd eml Rlknsmn sbvzalvncmd eb fnoznlmn

Znsumerdrm Vafmndmvu m eb fnoznlmn eb monkmlb n nfurndrdrm$ ens m n àvurdrm zsmo/

omlmvusr rlkns$ Snd` Krdeblyazb$ falvrdunlu zblusr faorlmfnsb zadmumf l Kbsonlmn$

sbvzalvncmd zblusr fnoznlmn Nlkbdbm Obshbd$ Obrv pnl ebs Zabd$ falvrdunlu zadmumf

adnleby$ Fgsmvumnl Znvvml$ sbvzalvncmd nd fnoznlmbm Znsumerdrm Zazrdns eml Nrvusmn m

Onsuml Uae$ bwzbsu l aldmlb fnoznmklmlk$ ens m obocsr nd Znsumerdrm Dmcbsnd

Eboafsnu eml Onsbn Csmunlmb nr mozdboblunu$ zb zsmlfmzmrd faz}!znvub$ sbbun

nobsmfnl eb fnoznlmb bdbfuasnd eb umz zadmumf 3,:9 aldmlb m zsml bwfbdbl

mlubsnfump$ rsosmle fr zsbfebsb mozdmfnsbn bdbfuasnurdrm zb onm ordub lmpbdrsm$

zsbfro m `mlndmunubn a``dmlb zsml oacmdmynsbn nfbvuasn v nfmalbyb falfsbu, l uanub

nfbvub fnyrsm$ oaebdrd nobsmfnl$ ànsub favumvmuas$ n àvu nenzunu dn sbndmumdb lnmalndb

m dn crkbub ordu onm omfm,


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5

Fb v/n luozdnu lv l aldmlb/rd eml Saolmn1 N fsbvfru lrosrd cdakrsmdas

zadmumfb, l vbzubocsmb 3::=$ GGGGGFaebw Zadmumfrv$GGGGG cnyn eb enub fnsb mlebwbny uanub

`drwrsmdb cdakrsmdas zadmumfb saolbum$ n nirlv dn >::: eb `bbe/rsm, Zb zsmord daf v/n

n`dnu ZVE$ fr >6= eb cdakrsm$ zb dafrd 3$ ZE/D fr >32 eb cdakrsm$ mns ZLD n afrznudafrd nd usbmdbn$ fr >:: eb cdakrsm, Fr uanub f lr nsb cdak zsazsmr$ Usnmnl Cvbvfr$

falàso Cnsaobusrdrm Cdakav`bsbm enu GGGGGzrcdmfmumm GGGGG eb YbDmvu$ l rson oalmuasmysmm$ n

àvu zb cdakrsm fbd onm pmymcmd fnlemenu dn zsbbemlmb$ `mmle oblmalnu eb >5,;=0 eb

asm$ rsonu eb Kmkm Cbfndm / >:,020 eb nznsmmm$ Omsfbn Kbanl / 2,360 eb nznsmmm$ Fsml

Nlualbvfr / 5,3>7 nznsmmm$ Vasml Azsbvfr / 3,6>7 nznsmmm$ Faslbdmr Pnemo Ureas /

>,253 nznsmmm$ Hbdbobl Grlas / 376 eb nznsmmm m Sborv Fbslbn / 33> eb nznsmmm,

Uazrd pmymcmdmumm fnlemenmdas dn zsbbemlmb l cdakav`bs n àvu sbndmynu zsmloalmuasmynsbn cdakrsmdas saolbum l zbsmanen > lambocsmb 3::7 / > lambocsmb 3::=,

Zb eb ndu znsub$ Cnsaobusrd Cdakav`bsbm zblusr drln afuaocsmb 3::=$ sbndmynu eb

YbDmvu$ faozmdbny m rl uaz nd znsumebdas l `rlfmb eb lrosrd eb oblmalsm zb

cdakrsm, Zausmpmu fdnvnoblurdrm$ zb zsmord daf bvub ZVE$ fr 3>,:25 nznsmmm$ rsonu eb

ZLD/>3,56= nznsmmm$ ZE/D fr =,;>3 nznsmmm$ REOS/ 5,5>6 nznsmmm$ ZSO/ 3,0:3

nznsmmm m ZLK/>,2:: nznsmmm,

Zaslmle eb dn sbbun Acnon$ fnsb zsmlus/a faorlmfnsb bwfbdblu l vmvubo

aldmlb n nirlv zsmord zsbbemlub eb frdansb nd Nobsmfmm$ no vuremnu cdakrsmdb

zsmlfmzndmdas zadmumfmblm saolm$ fub eam eb dn `mbfnsb znsume zadmumf mozasunlu eb zb

vfbln zadmumf saolbnvf$ l zbsmanen fnoznlmbm bdbfuasndb zsbymeblmndb eml 3::=,

Cdakav`bsn zadmumf saolbnvf v/n ebypadunu$ mns lrosrd cdakrsmdas bvub l fsbubsb,

l rson nlndmybm fnoznlmbm bdbfuasndb zsbymeblmndb$ znsumerd fnsb n enu zsbbemlubdb

Saolmbm$ ZE/D$ n nirlv dn a falfdrymb rmomuansb$ erz fb l rso fr zrml umoz fgmns

rlrd emlusb pmfbzsbbemlmm vm vrvmlbn f zadmumfn ZE/D lr vb `nfb zb cdak9 uam dmebsmm

mozasunlm nm znsumerdrm pas npbn cdakrsm, Enf/m aseml$ `nfbo cdakrsm$ pas vzrlb

zbebdmumm$ lv bvub ànsub fdns f vusnubkmn eb faorlmfnsb n ZE/D vb oaebslmybny,

Zadmumfmblmm pas zrubn fn zl dn pmmuansbdb ndbkbsm v/m àsobyb a faorlmunub$ fr fnsb

v emvfrub zsacdbobdb mozasunlub m nm fsbm obocsm pas `m fbm fb db pas nfasen paurd,

Zblusr f$ l Saolmn$ vzbfmndmumm l fnoznlmm bdbfuasndb `nf bàsursm vrvmlrub eb n

acmlb paursm vrzdmoblunsb$ onm ndbv l slerd umlbsmdas$ zb fnsb pas v/m frfbsbnvf l

cdakav`bs,

Dmdmnln Csne


5/80

2

Lamdb obemn m faorlmfnsbn zadmumf

Faorlmfnsbn zadmumf bvub ml`drblnu eb ubgladakmb, Nfbvu drfsr vb luozd l

VRN$ l Brsazn m fgmnsm l Saolmn, l VRN ubgladakmn vb mozrlb l faorlmfnsbn

zadmumf9 enf nfro onm cmlb eb 5: eb nlm Hbllbe} n fumknu ndbkbsmdb zsml

ubdbpmymrlb$ Acnon db/n fumknu fr niruasrd Mlubslburdrm, Falfdrymn ns `m rsouansbn9

faorlmfnsbn zadmumf v/n vfgmocnu vrcvunlmnd, Zsmlfmzmmdb eb cny l zadmumf nr

sonv nfbdbnm, Usbcrmb v/m kvbum zb uam fbm fnsb zau paun, Fbdas ebvzsb fnsb umm f

ub pas paun nfase/db vzsmiml$ fbdas fnsb lr ub pas paun e/db znfb, Usbcrmb v ub

falfblusbym zb fbm fnsb vrlu mlebfmm, Eb nvboblbn$ mozasunlu b fro faorlmfm fr

`mbfnsb, Obemn vb vfgmoc$ mns vfgmocnsbn ml`drblbny oaerd l fnsb `nfm fnoznlmbm l fnsb faorlmfm, Nuun umoz fu obemn m ubgladakmn vb vfgmocm faorlmfnsbn

zadmumf vb vfgmoc, Nznsmmn Mlubslburdrm m nzam ebypadunsbn drm n sbpadrmalnu

faorlmfnsbn$ lmfm zadmumfn m faorlmfnsbn zadmumf lr n zruru `m afadmu, Acnon n

fumknu ndbkbsmdb fr niruasrd Mlubslburdrm, l Saolmn$ faorlmfnsbn aldmlb lr n nirlv

dn lmpbdrd fbdbm eml VRN$ ens n frlavfru a ebypadunsb zrubslmf, Bsn eb `nzu a

lbfbvmunub ebypadunsbn faorlmfsmm aldmlb$ lus/a ns fn Saolmn$ rleb obemnumynsbn

zadmumf vb `nfb fr zsbvmrlm nvrzsn onvv/obemn, l Snzasurd bdncasnu eb Nkblmn ebOalmuasmynsb n Zsbvbm$ vrc lrobdb Dmcbsunubn zsbvbm l Saolmn l nlrd 3::7$

zrcdmfnu l onm 3::= vb falvunu zsbvmrlmdb dn fnsb vrlu vrzrm irslndmumm saolm,

Nvrzsn das vb `nf zsbvmrlm eml znsubn nruasmumdas$ ens m zsbvmrlm zadmumfb m

bfalaomfb, Nr àvu nlndmynub fnyrsm fdnsb eb irslndmum m fb nr zmu bm erz fb nr vfsmv

eafroblunu eb rl nlrob zadmumfmnl, l Saolmn$ zadmumfmnlrd bvub nomfrd irslndmvurdrm

nuun umoz fu nfbvun vfsmb eans eb nepbsvnsmm vm zadmumfm, V/n falvununu f vb àdavbvf

zsbvmrlmdb zadmumfrdrm nuu l obemn vrvmlru eml cnlm zrcdmfm$ n`dnu l vrcasemlbn

Znsdnoblurdrm$ fu m l obemn zsmpnu,

Nlndmyle fbm 3: eb nlm eb eboafsnmb l Saolmn$ vb falvunu f emlus/rl

zrlfu eb pbebsb$ zsa`bvmalndmynsbn faorlmfsmm zadmumfb n npru m rl b`bfu lbknump9 n

àvu usbfru l zdnl vbfrle zbsàsonln krpbslnoblund, Zadmumfn bvub pyru fn rl iaf

l fnsb fumkn fbd fnsb falpmlkb bdbfuasnurd$ mlem`bsblu eb zbsàsonln vn bwbfrump,

Ebfm$ v/n zrv rl nffblu zsbn onsb zb monkmlb l ebusmoblurd krpbslsmm, l rdumomm$

zadmumfmblmm saolm nr ozlymu aldmlb/rd fr vmub/rsm zbsvalndb$ cdakrsm$ vznorsm

zadmumfb vnr fnoznlmm eb emsbfu onmdmlk, Faorlmfnsbn aldmlb lr zanub fumkn ndbkbsmdb


6/80

0

l falurd rlrm fnlemenu dmzvmu eb vrffbv$ lv zanub nirun onm b`mfmblu a fnoznlmb l

nfmrlm zsbfro fadbfunsbn eb àlersm$ zbsvrnvmrlbn$ asknlmynsbn$ svzrlvrd snzme m

oacmdmynsbn bdbfuasnurdrm, Rl npnluni zblusr zadmumfmblmm eml aldmlb bvub `nzurd f

obvnibdb bdbfuasndb eb zb Mlubslbu ns zrubn `m zsbdrnub ordu onm ras eb fusb obemnusnemmalnd$ onm ndbv f zsbybln aldmlb zbsomub sbnfmm l umoz sbnd l umozrd

fnoznlmmdas, Rlrm zadmumfmnl m bvub ordu onm ras v nzns l zsbv eml `nn

faozrubsrdrm ebfu lnmlub$ fle usbcrmn v nmc nzsacnsbn znsumerdrm vnr v

asknlmybyb fal`bsmlb eb zsbv, Ens$ bwmvu m zavmcmdmunubn fn zsbybln l obemrd

aldmlb v `nf zavmcmd vnlfmalnsbn fr onm ordu rrsml n kn`bdasm lbsbkrdmdas eml

fnoznlmb, Nfbvubn zau nirlkb snzme zb cdakrsm m$ eb nmfm$ l zsbv m dn ubdbpmymrlm,

Fnoznlmn bdbfuasnd aldmlb lr nsb lbpamb eb sbvrsvb dn `bd eb onsm fn m fbn l nrema/pmyrnd m nusnkb dn ebycnubsbn zadmumf aldmlb ordm anoblm vmozdm$ nemf lbmozdmfnm

zadmumf, l rson rlas ebycnubsm l slerd nfbvuasn$ zadmumfmnlrd saol n`d fnsb vrlu eb

`nzu easmlbdb ndbkuasrdrm vr, Zrcdmfrd ebpasnuas eb Mlubslbu mlàsonu m `s znvmrlm

zadmumfb bwusbob$ n fmybdnu emvfrsvrd aldmlb nd zadmumfmblmdas$ unwle obvnibdb bdbfuasndb

fb zns lbvbsmanvb asm zadmumfmnlmvub vnr emvzrubdb zadmumfb, Zadmumfmblmm nr àvu lbpam m v

usbnf eb dn pmadbln pbscnd dn rl dmocni onm zalebsnu$ v emvfrub onm ordu ebvzsb

zsambfub ebfu v/m nunfb pmsrdblu falusnfnlemenmm,

Mlubslburd m faorlmfnsbn zadmumf

Zadmumfmblmm m/nr nenzunu oaerd eb n vb pmleb zb Mlubslbu, Favursmdb vrlu onm

omfm$ vb nirlkb dn rl vbkoblu eb zmn fnsb ns `m ksbr eb frfbsmu9 umlbsmm$ ebansbfb bm

vrlu fbm fb àdavbvf fbd onm ordu fndfrdnuasrd m Mlubslburd, Ordm zadmumfmblm m/nr `fru

znkmlm {bc$ lv erz fb n usbfru fnoznlmn bdbfuasnd$ rmu v onm llamnvf

mlàsonmmdb eb zb nfbvubn, A ndu oae zsmlusb zadmumfmblm vrlu cdakrsmdb, Vfsmr$ m `nf

zrcdmfmunub m vzbs v nusnk a fnubkasmb eb mlebfmm, Nmfm nr dmcbsunub ebzdml9 lr

bwmvu FLN$ ens bvub a dmcbsunub ebzdml, Cdakrsmdb zadmumfb vb znsb f nr vrffbv$ enf

zlm rl zadmumfmnl afuakblns$ zsbfro Mal Mdmbvfr bvub cdakkbs,

Falvmdmbsmm zadmumfm m fbm eb monkmlb ebm nr lbknu dn lfbzru$ nfro nr lfbzru

v sbfrlanvf f lfbnsf v onlmzrdbyb azmlmn zrcdmf zsml mlubsobemrd Mlubslburdrm,

Fu eb cblb`mf bvub faorlmfnsbn zadmumf aldmlb1 Vzbfmndmumm vrvml f bvub bwusbo eb


7/80

;

zsa`muncmd9 obvnird lr nirlkb emvuasvmalnu dn bdbfuasnu eb fusb irslndmum kscmm v

plbyb vblynmalndrd vnr eb zsbvn oakrdmynu eml Saolmn,

Sbndmunubn saolbnvf bvub rsouansbn9 Saolmn b a ns ml`drblnu

zsbzalebsblu eb ubdbpmymrlb, m fr uanub nfbvubn$ l fnoznlmn bdbfuasnd zsbymeblmndeml 3::=$ sycamrd v/n enu zb Mlubslbu, Mlubslburd n nerv paunlm zblusr rlmm m m/n

ebubsomlnu zb fbm fnsb lr nr sbvzbfunu sbkrdmdb iafrdrm aldmlb v zmnse, Nlndmumm

zadmumfm vrvmlbnr lnmlub eb nfbnvu fnoznlmb bdbfuasnd f zsafblurd eb 2/;"$ fu

sbzsbymlu bdbfuasnurd mlubslnru$ lr b lbkdmincmd$ ens zanub `m$ mlublmalnu$ lbkdminu enf

lr `nfb znsub eml bdbfuasnurd/mlu nd rlrm znsume, Nesmnln Vùamr n `fru a nlndmy n

bdbfuasnurdrm saolbvf9 dnskn oniasmunub n bdbfuasnurdrm nfump nsb zbvub 2: eb nlm vnr b

eml yaln srsnd m zsbymlu ndub lbfbvmum ebfu rl obvni zadmumf cmlb vusrfursnu$ nsblbpamb eb sborlbsnmm nebfpnub$ nv`ndunsb$ nz frsblum svzrleb bwfdrvmp dn zsnfumfm

eb umzrd zaonl bdbfuasnd vnr fnoznlmn eb umz vnfa,

Fro n nzsru Mlubslburd

Zsacncmd f lf lb lusbco fro n nzsru Mlubslburd m fro n nirlv lus/rl

umoz sbdnump vfrsu v mlusb l uanub eaoblmmdb eb nfumpmunub, Sbbnrn Mlubslbu n nzsru dn

omidafrd nlmdas +0: fn rl zsambfu eb falbfunsb n sbbdbm Ebznsunoblurdrm Nzssmm

Vunubdas Rlmub 'NSZN,lbu-, Zsmlfmzmrd falvu l mlubsfalbfunsbn omidanfbdas

mlàsonumfb m nsubsbdas dafndb lus/a sbbn faorl$ nvu`bd lfu emvusrkbsbn rlas laersm

v lr n`bfubyb `rlfmalnsbn m mlem`bsblu fnsb ns `m bwzbemuasrd vnr ebvumlnunsrd$

mlàsonmn v/m kvbnvf esrord, l >=;7$ Pmlu Fbs`$ Ial Zavubd m Enll} Fagbl

zsazrl$ zblusr a onm onsb b`mfmbl$ vbznsnsbn zsauafadrdrm UFZ l ear zsm9 rl

zsauafad gavu ua gavu 'UFZ- fnsb asealbny znfgbubdb eb enub l pbebsbn rlas

dbkursm `mncmdb lusb zbsbfgm eb knyeb 'gavuv- m rl Mlubslbu{ash zsauafad 'MZ- / fnsb

usnlvomub znfgbubdb mlempmerndb lusb fndfrdnuansb, Eml nlrd >=76 UFZ!MZ bvub a`mfmnd

neazunu eb NSZN m eb Ebznsunoblurd eb Nzsnsb nd VRN$ ebpblmle zsauafadrd eb

cny nd Mlubslburdrm, Nfbvu zsauafad n zbsomv ubvunsbn mebmdas zsmpmle Mlubslburd, lv$

lnmlub eb n lfbsfn v falvusrmnvf rl nvu`bd eb Mlubslbu$ Fbs` m Hngl nr zsbdrnu

v`nursm m azmlmm eb dn bwzbsmm oalemndm l sbbdb / omfnsb fnsb pn oaebdn vbolm`mfnump

vmvubord `mlnd, Bm v/nr àdavmu eb bwzbsmbln vzbfmndmumdas l faozrubsb eml Nlkdmn$

@snln m VRN nurlfm fle nr ebfmv v usnlvàsob NSZN/LBU/rd lus/rl vmvubo eb


8/80

7

sbbdb mlubsfalbfunub / frlavfru rdubsmas fn Mlubslbu, Vmvubord ebypadunu eb

Fbs`m Hngl$ zsbfro m eb fadbkmm das$ n svzrlv fbsmlbdas asmkmlndb ndb zsambfurdrm

NSZN$ n `rslmynu rl zsauafad fb zanub `rlfmaln l fnyrd rlas sbbdb lbvmkrsb m n

vadrmalnu zsacdbobdb eb cny zsmpmle fmsfrdnmn enubdas m usnlvomubsbn àsonubdasznfgbubdas eb enub lusb sbbdb,

Zb ovrs fb v/nr ndursnu lam rumdmynuasm$ Mlubslburd n ebpblmu csrvf fblusrd

lamdas zsacdbob vafmndb fr mozdmfnmm l mlumomunubn zbsvanlbm$ l zsazsmbunubn

mlubdbfurnd$ l fblyrs$ kblbsle$ lv$ m rlbdb nvzbfub mdmfmub vnr moasndb,

Ebypadunsbn zsauafadrdrm$ neomlmvusnsbn lrobdasm nesbvbdas Mlubslbu$ ens m ndub

nfumpmum fnsb nr n`bfunu lusbkrd vmvubo$ nr fbsru a faasealnsb fblusndmynu,

Mlubslbu Nfumpmumbv Canse v/n falvumurmu fn rl àsro eb ebycnubsb n zadmumfmmMlubslbu$ mns lusrlmsmdb vndb nr àvu ànsub zazrdnsb l faorlmunubn sbbdbdas, Zl l

>=7=$ lrosrd znsumfmznlmdas dn nfbvu àsro n fsbvfru dn vrub eb anoblm$ mns

falerfuasmm drm nr ebfmv v oznsu nfumpmumdb l Mlubslbu Blkmlbbsmlk Unvh @asfb

'fnsb v svzrle zsbafrzsmdas ubglmfb mobemnub- m Mlubslbu Sbvbnsfg Unvh @asfb

'fnsb v vb falfblusbyb nvrzsn zdnlm`mfsmm ubglmfb zb ubsobl drlk-, Vusrfursmdb

neomlmvusnumpb m ubglmfb ndb Mlubslburdrm nr sonv l oae sbonsfncmd ebvfblusndmynub,

Lmfm a nruasmunub lr n falusadnu m lr falusadbny `rlfmalnsbn lusbkrdrm Mlubslbu, l

>==2$ fle @rlenmn Lnmalnd eb ummlb eml VRN n lfbunu v azbsbyb sbbnrn$

Mlubslburd frzsmlebn 33,::: eb sbbdb 'fmsfn 5:" eml uaundrd sbbdbdas- l n`nsn VRN$

ebpblmle nvu`bd fr nebpsnu a sbbn mlubslnmalnd, l rdumord ebfblmr nd vbfadrdrm nd

WW/dbn n npru daf a ocrlumsb vzbfunfrdanv n faorlmfsmm, Lnubsbn sbbdbm

oalemndb eb faorlmfnsb '[asde [meb [bc- Mlubslbu$ zb fndfrdnuansb zbsvalndb$

ebvfgmv onsbdrm zrcdmf$ n `nfmdmunu dbkursn$ l umoz sbnd$ lusb zbsvanlb n`dnub dn ybfm

eb omm eb hmdaobusm emvunl m n zbsomv nffbvrd asmfrm dn rdumobdb mlàsonmm eb asmfb

lnurs, Ubgladakmn {{{ bvub a nzdmfnmb n Mlubslburdrm$ ens fnsb n vfgmocnu

`rlenoblund Mlubslburd$ `s n vfgmocn vusrfursn drm kblbsnd vnr vmvubord eb

zsauafandb$ zsml mlusaerfbsbn rlas nzdmfnmm lam, [bc/rd n vfgmocnu$ eb nvboblbn$

zbsfbzmn anoblmdas ebvzsb Mlubslbu9 l daf eb n `m pyru lronm fn rl mlvusroblu eb

fbsfbunsb vnr fgmns lronm fn rl fnlnd eb faorlmfnsb$ eb usnlvomubsb eb obvnib lusb

anoblm$ sbbnrn n eaclemu rl lar sad$ nfbdn eb obemr eb empbsumvoblu$ norynoblu$

eb pmusml zblusr frozsursm$ eb omidaf eb zsbyblunsb n rlbm zbsvanlb dromm lusbkm,

[bc/rd n àvu falfbzru dn Dncasnuasrd eb @mymf nd FBSL eml Kblbpn l nlrd >==: eb


9/80

=

fusb Umo Cbslbsv/Dbb$ fnsb n falvununu f$ ebm fndfrdnuansbdb zbsvalndb nr ebpblmu

asmblunub zb monkmlb$ zb Mlubslbu zsbeaoml$ uaurm$ ubwurd, l vfrsu umoz$ Mlubslburd

ebpmlb zsmlfmzndn vrsv eb mlàsonsb l uau onm ordub vunub ndb dromm,

Faorlmfnsbn zadmumf zsml Mlubslbu

Rlmm nlndmum falvmebs f nfurndn fal`mkrsnmb n vznmrdrm zrcdmf m zsmpmdbkmny

zb zadmumfmblm zsml nerfbsbn das l zsmo/zdnlrd faorlmfsmm, Mlubslburd `nfmdmubny

falunfurd fr bdbfuasnurd$ l umoz fb ndbkuasmm zau mlubsnfmaln emsbfu rlmm fr ndmm, Rl

fny fdns$ fnsb vrvmlb nfbnvu mzauby bvub emvusmcrmsbn Snzasurdrm Vunss l falubwurd

vfnlendrdrm Fdmlual!Db{mlvhm, N àvu rl bwbozdr sbdbpnlu eb faorlmfnsb zadmumf zsmlMlubslbu, Snzasurd n àvu em`rynu zb Mlubslbu nzsanzb l nfbdnm umoz fr emvusmcrmsbn

eafroblurdrm l Vblnurd VRN$ ens m irslndmumdas nobsmfnlm, Mobemnu v/n n`dnu m

anoblmm nr lfbzru v fnrub snzasurd zb Mlubslbu$ v/d vuafgbyb zblusr n npbn lusbnkn

mlàsonmb, V/n falvununu f l nfbvu fny rl lros sbfase eb fbublm nobsmfnlm m/nr

falunfunu zb znsdnoblunsm m nr fbsru mlàsonmm vrzdmoblunsb, V/n acvbspnu nurlfm f l

faorlmfnsb$ Mlubslburd mlusaerfb onm ordu monkmlb$ pmuby$ mlubsnfumpmunub m emndak,

l fnesrd Fal`bsmlbm mlubslnmalndb eb onshbumlk m faorlmfnsb zadmumf$

Zadmumfn 3,:$ ebv`rsnu l vbzubocsmb 3::7 dn Crfrsbum m ebemfnu l bwfdrvmpmunub

zadmumfmm l bsn emkmund$ rlrd emlusb vrcmbfubdb mlublv ebycurub n àvu fnoznlmn

fnlemenurdrm eboafsnu dn zsbbemlmn VRN$ Cnssnfh Acnon, Vzbfmnd mv urd GGGGGZgmd LacdbGGGGG$

falvmdmbsrd zblusr fnoznlmn aldmlb n drm Acnon$ aord fnsb n lfbzru fn padrluns l

nlmm j0: l fnoznlmn drm Iagl @, Hbllbe}$ n bwzdmfnu vrffbvrd fnoznlmbm$ fnsb n `fru

fn Acnon$ emlus/rl fnlemenu eb frdansb$ ens cmlb pleru bdbfuasnurdrm v ebpml

zsbbemlub, Vafmndmynsbn fr bdbfuasnurd b bvblmndn l zadmumf9 bn nerfb àlersmdb eb

fnoznlmb ensm a lar vzbfmb obemn9 Paubs Kblbsnube Falublu, Acnon lr n snunu

lmomf l fnoznlmn vn bdbfuasnd al/dmlb$ mns zsbybln vn zb U{muubs vnr @nfbCaah n

ml`drblnu ebfmvmp nuu monkmlbn vn zrcdmf fu m sbdnmn fr bdbfuasnurd nobsmfnl, GGGGGZgmd

LacdbGGGGG vrvmlb f vrffbvrd l fnoznlmn aldmlb n drm Cnsnh Acnon v/n enuasnu `nzurdrm

f n zsazrv lr eans mlubsnfumpmunub zb uanub fnlndbdb9 GGGGG@nfbcaahGGGGG$ O} Vznfb$ ]arUrcb

buf,$ fm n svurslnu zbsfbzmn eml br!lam / fnlemenurd!vun``/rd fnoznlmbm$ àfrvrd vb oru

zb ur!pam$ ndbkuasmm ebpml znsumfmznlm nfumpm dn fnoznlmb m$ mozdmfmu$ dn vfgmocnsb,

Nfbumn nr àvu mlpmunm v falvusrmnvf$ dn oaerd fbd onm falfsbu$ fnoznlmn fau dn fau


10/80

>:

fr vun``/rd$ uaurd vrc ebpmyn m fbs v fsbym l fnznfmunubn un eb vfgmocnsb, Nlndmumm

zadmumfm vrvml f oaumprd zblusr fnsb fnoznlmn fnlemenurdrm eboafsnu dn zsbbemlmn

VRN n àvu fr nebpsnu sbpadrmalns ns `m zbs`bfun faasealnsb emlusb obvni

'vfgmocnsb- m oaendmum 'mlapnuansb zsml bwfbdbl$ erfle lvrm falfbzurd ebzadmumf 3,: dn rl lmpbd rsouas-, Pmfhuas Vymkbupnsm$ falvrdunlurd eml Rlknsmn

sbvzalvncmd eb fnoznlmn Znsumerdrm Vafmndmvu m eb fnoznlmn eb monkmlb n nfurndrdrm$

ensm n àvurdrm zsmo/omlmvusr rlkns$ Snd` Krdeblyazb$ falvrdunlu zblusr faorlmfnsb

zadmumf l Kbsonlmn$ sbvzalvncmd zblusr fnoznlmn Nlkbdbm Obshbd$ Obrv pnl ebs

Zabd$ falvrdunlu zadmumf adnleby$ Fgsmvumnl Znvvml$ sbvzalvncmd nd fnoznlmbm Znsumerdrm

Zazrdns eml Nrvusmn m Onsuml Uae$ bwzbsu l aldmlb fnoznmklmlk$ ensm obocsr nd

Znsumerdrm Dmcbsnd Eboafsnu eml Onsbn Csmunlmb / nr mozdboblunu$ zb zsmlfmzmrdfaz}!znvub$ sbbun nobsmfnl eb fnoznlmb bdbfuasnd eb umz zadmumf 3,:9 aldmlb m zsml

bwfbdbl mlubsnfump$ rsosmle fr zsbfebsb mozdmfnsbn bdbfuasnurdrm zb onm ordub

lmpbdrsm$ zsbfro m `mlndmunubn a``dmlb zsml oacmdmynsbn nfbvuasn v nfmalbyb falfsbu,

l uanub nfbvub fnyrsm$ oaebdrd nobsmfnl$ ànsub favumvmuas$ n àvu nenzunu dn sbndmumdb

lnmalndb m dn crkbub ordu onm omfm,Rl drfsr b fbsu9 fmlb lr lbdbkb Mlubslburd m lr

vb nenzubny dn lamdb obemn zanub v falvmebsb$ eml vunsu$ f n zmbseru frsvn, l

Saolmn bsn zsbpmymalnu fn dn ndbkbsmdb zsbymeblmndb fnsb nr npru daf l uanoln nlrdrm

3::=$ rl sad GGGGGmozasunluGGGGG v sbpml Mlubslburdrm$ enuasmu bwzdaymbm lrosrdrm eb

rumdmynuasm eb Mlubslbu saolm, Nlndmumm nr nlndmynu ndbkbsmdb eml 3::5 m nr falvununu f

mozdmfnsbn mlubslnrmdas lr n lvbolnu rl vrffbv knsnlunu, Mlubslnrmm zrubnr v

kgmebyb rl nsebm zl l Falvmdmrd Kblbsnd nd Zsmosmbm vnr v mn dn mlu fgmzrd

zsbymeblmnd zb vmub/rd cnvbvfr,sa$ falvunu Fayoml Kr, Cvbvfr m/n luozmlnu zb

mlubslnrm zb dmocnird das9 Esnkm mlubslnrm$ no àvu l frsv$ ens lr o/no dvnu

zsmlv, m lr o/nr pmsrvnu. Cn$ onm ordu$ no fumknu, Enuasmu par, Fr uanub

nfbvubn$ vmub/rd l/n vuslv ànsub ordm pmymunuasm, Dnlvnu l 3::5$ dn eam nlm eb dn

lvfsmbsbn vn zb usn`mf,sa n nerlnu eans >=,52: eb pmymunuasm rlmfm, Falàso àvurdrm

falvmdmbs zsbymeblmnd Nesmnln Vùamr$ nfbvun n àvu nffbvnu l vzbfmnd eb anoblm fr

psvub eb 3: zl dn 5: eb nlm, Falfdrymn nlndmumdas zadmumfm n àvu f dn bdbfuasndbdb

eml 3::5 v/nr acvbspnu mlmmnumpb osrlub eb mlubsnfmalnsb n zadmumfrdrm fr zrcdmfrd eb

zb Mlubslbu, Erz fmlfm nlm$ vmurnmn v/n vfgmocnu, Uau onm ordm saolm vrlu m m

zbusbf umozrd aldmlb, Falàso Mlubslbu [asde Vunuv$ l rso fr rl nl bsnr lsbkmvusnm

; omdmanlb eb mlubslnrm saolm$ emlusb fnsb 2,2::,::: nr esbzu eb pau$ fbbn fb


11/80

>>

lvbnol zrml zbvub 6:" emlusb fbm >7,6::,::: eb paunlm faluasmynm eb Cmsard

Bdbfuasnd Fblusnd,

Faorlmfnsbn zadmumf vnr faorlmfnsb m zadmumf

Faorlmfnsbn zadmumf bvub a nfmrlb asmblunu$ zsaksnonu$ zsambfunu zblusr

nlromub vfazrsm zadmumfb, @mmle pascn eb a nfmrlb vusnubkmf$ nfbvu umz eb faorlmfnsb

ns mozdmfn sbkrdm$ zsafbersm$ ubglmfm m sbvrsvb nfumpnub l nlromub bpblmoblub zadmumfb,

Erz Fnobdmn Cbfmr$ faorlmfnsbn zadmumf bvub vznmrd l fnsb vb vfgmoc

emvfrsvrsmdb falusnemfuasmm n usbm nfuasm fnsb nr dbkmumomunubn eb n vb bwzsmon zrcdmf

nvrzsn zadmumfmm m fnsb vrlu9 anoblmm zadmumfm$ ymnsmumm 'onvv/obemn- m azmlmn zrcdmfzsml mlubsobemrd valenibdas eb azmlmb, Ebfm$ faorlmfnsbn zadmumf bvub a mlubsnfmrlb

mlvumurmalnd$ a mlubsnfmrlb lusb nfuasmm zadmumfm$ onvv/obemn$ zrcdmf m bdbfuasnu, l

`nzu$ nfuasmm faorlmfsmm zadmumfb falvumurmb kblrsm mlvumurmalndb fr sbvrsvb$ zsambfub$

oaumpnmm m omyb em`bsmub, Bm mlubsnfmalbny rumdmyle a vbsmb eb faersm m smurndrsm

oblmub n zsaerfb pmymcmdmunubn eaoblmrdrm zadmumf$ rl eaoblmr ebvumlnu zsml falpblmb

zrcdmfmumm, Eml nfbnvu fnry$ lr eb zrmlb asm faorlmfnsbn zadmumf usbfb esbzu

nznlnird rlbm ndub mlvumurmm$ fbn n zsaerfuasrdrm eb monkmlb zrcdmf, Zb eb ndu znsub$

faorlmfnsbn zadmumf bvub nvmomdnu uau onm ordu rlbm nfmrlm esnonurskmfb m vb rmu

`nzurd f npbo eb/n `nfb m fr a zsnfumf vafmnd fnsb zanub vbspm eboafsnmn, l sbdnmn

emlusb nfuasrd zadmumf$ vznmrd eboafsnmbm m vznmrd zrcdmf obemnumf pao falvunun f

`mbfnsb falusmcrmb dn zsaerfbsbn fbdrmdndu, l zsbyblu$ faorlmfnsbn zadmumf bvub eml fb

l fb onm vunlensemynu dn lmpbdrd `asobdas$ sbkrdmdas m vusnubkmmdas$ zsbfro m eml

zrlfurd eb pbebsb nd vmurnmmdas eb mlubsnfmrlb zadmumf, Vunlensemynsbn faorlmfsmm

zadmumfb falvumurmb rlrd emlusb zsmlfmzndbdb nskroblub npnlvnub nurlfm fle vb emvfru

ebvzsb kdacndmynsbn vznmrdrm zrcdmf falubozasnl, Nobsmfnlmynsbn faorlmfsmm

zadmumfb lb usmomub dn rl oaebd eb faorlmfnsb zadmumf nzsru l vznmrd zrcdmf

nobsmfnl m em`rynu nzam vzsb eboafsnmmdb pbvu/brsazblb,Oaebdrd mlfdreb a vbsmb eb

vusnubkmm faorlmfnmalndb zb cnyn fsasn zadmumfmblmm vrvml vfgmocrd emvfrsvmp fr

irslndmumm$ zrcdmfrd$ falusnfnlemenmm m fr zbsvalndmumdb zrcdmfb, Nobsmfnlmynsbn

faorlmfsmm zadmumfb zsbvrzrlb nenzunsbn dn nfmrlbn zadmumf n rlas vusnubkmm eb

faorlmfnsb vzbfm`mfb zmbbm, Nfbvub vusnubkmm zbsomu fn zadmumfmnlrd v ebpml rl

zbsvalni zaymump fnsb `nfb znsub eml oboasmn fadbfump$ a zsbybl l monkmlnsrd


12/80

>3

vafmnd, Eml nfbnvu fnry$ nfuasrd zadmumf zanub `m mobemnu sbfrlavfru eb bdbfuasnu,

Vb sbzsabny nebvbn f vusnubkmmdb ebypadu faobsfmndmynsbn zadmumfrdrm$ f$ zb cnyn

rlrm vmvubo eb vberfmb va`mvumfnu$ zrcdmfrd bvub leafusmlnu lr fr mebadakmm$ fm fr

monkmlm vm zvbrea/sbndmum, Bvub zsbn ordu faorlmfnsb bdncasnu vfblmf m zsbn zrmlvrcvunl zadmumf, Mozasunlu lv l nfbvu falubwu$ vrvmlb Fnobdmn Cbfmr$ bvub

zaublmndrd eboafsnumf n fbbn fb vzbfmndmumm lrobvf faorlmfnsbn zadmumf

nobsmfnlmynu,

Faorlmfnsbn bdbfuasnd bvub a àso n faorlmfsmm zadmumfb,

Faorlmfnsbn zadmumf oaebsl$ nemf lusbcrmlnsbn ubglmfmdas eb onshbumlk zadmumf lr

bvub rlmfrd oaebd àdavmu$ fgmns enf bvub ànsub zsacncmd oaebdrd eaomlnlu$ fbd zrml

l ndbkbsmdb zsbymeblmndb, Vzbfmndmumm acvbsp f ndub ear oaebdb vb oblml lf9oaebdrd emndak$ cnynu zb falunfurd m zb vfgmocrd eb mebm fr bdbfuasrd 'vuslkbsbn

eb ol lus/a zmn$ ebycnubsb zrcdmf$ omumlk buf,- m oaebdrd zsaznknlemvumf 'fnsb vb

àdavbub eb emvfrsvrsm falpmlkuansb$ zb rl ual nzsanzb nksbvmp$ lfbsfle v vberf

nremuasmrd-, Znsumebdb m fnlemenmm vrlu onm ordu vnr onm zrml nunnm eb rlrd eml

nfbvub oaebdb$ l `rlfmb eb zsazsmmdb das asmblusm zadmumfb$ ens nsnsbasm db lbkdmibny

zb fbdbdndub,

Vunubdb Rlmub vb n`d l npnlknsen vfgmocsmdas l faorlmfnsbn zadmumf zblusr

f vrlu rl dmebs usnemmalnd l onubsmb eb mlapnmm ummlm`mfb m ubgladakmfb l

zrcdmfmunub m sbdnmm zrcdmfb m$ zb eb ndu znsub$ lvm pmnn zadmumf nobsmfnl bvub

ànsub `snkoblunu m fnsnfubsmynu eb fabwmvubln rlas fblusb eb zrubsb ordumzdb$

zdnvnub dn empbsvb lmpbdrsm, Vzbfmndmvun l faorlmfnsb zadmumf Sndrfn Pmonl$ zb vmub/rd

GGGGG{{{,brsnfump,saGGGGG bwzdmf fro n nirlv faorlmfnsbn zadmumf l VRN v `mb ml`drblnu

eb ubgladakmb, Faorlmfnsbn zadmumf bvub a lbfbvmunub `rlenoblund zblusr crlrd obsv

nd eboafsnmbm, Ebypadunsbn ubgladakmf m usnlvàsosmdb vr`bsmub eb onvv obemn l

ebfrsvrd rdumobdas ear vbfadb nr n`bfunu esnonumf m oaerd l fnsb vb sbndmybny

faorlmfnsbn zadmumf, Ear bdboblub zdnvbny Vunubdb Rlmub l npnlknsen

vfgmocsmdas l nfbvu eaoblmr, Zb eb a znsub$ nfbnvuns bvub rl dmebs usnemmalnd nuu

l onubsmb eb mlapnmm ummlm`mfb m ubgladakmfb$ fu m l onubsmb eb zrcdmfmunub m sbdnmm

zrcdmfb, Zb eb ndu znsub$ rl `nfuas dn `bd eb mozasunlu d falvumurmb lvm lnursn pmbmm

zadmumfb nobsmfnlb$ ànsub `snkoblunu m fnsnfubsmynu eb fabwmvubln rlas fblusb eb

zrubsb ordumzdb$ zdnvnub dn empbsvb lmpbdrsm `bebsnd$ eb vunu m dafnd$ zsbfro m eb

`nzurd f l falusnvu fr fbdbdndub eboafsnmm npnlvnub$ rleb pmnn zadmumf bvub


13/80

>6

eaomlnu eb znsumebdb zadmumfb$ zadmumfmblmm ianf rl sad ordu onm mozasunlu,

Faorlmfnsbn zadmumf l VRN bvub zrubslmf ml`drblnu eb ubgladakmb9 enf nfro onm

cmlb eb 5: eb nlm Hbllbe} n fumknu ndbkbsmdb zsml ubdbpmymrlb$ Acnon db/n fumknu fr

niruasrd Mlubslburdrm, Falfdrymn ns `m rsouansbn9 faorlmfnsbn zadmumf v/n vfgmocnuvrcvunlmnd, Zsmlfmzmmdb eb cny l zadmumf nr sonv nfbdbnm, Usbcrmb v/m kvbum zb

uam fbm fnsb zau paun, Fbdas ebvzsb fnsb umm f ub pas paun nfase/db vzsmiml$ fbdas fnsb

lr ub pas paun e/db znfb, Usbcrmb v ub falfblusbym zb fbm fnsb vrlu mlebfmm, Eb

nvboblbn$ mozasunlu b fro faorlmfm fr `mbfnsb, Obemn vb vfgmoc$ mns vfgmocnsbn

ml`drblbny oaerd l fnsb `nfm fnoznlmb m l fnsb faorlmfm, Nuun umoz fu obemn

m ubgladakmn vb vfgmoc$ m faorlmfnsbn zadmumf vb vfgmoc,

Vmub/rdGGGGG

{{{,mlàzadmumf,saGGGGG

`nfb a nlndmy n faorlmfsmm zadmumfb eml Saolmneb erz >=7=, Nlndmyle fnoznlmmdb bdbfuasndb$ ndbkbsmdb nr àvu luauebnrln fumknub

eb rl obvni eb vfgmocnsb m lmfm rl emvfrsv zadmumf lr n àvu nffbzunu onm ordu eb a

dbkmvdnurs, Vfgmocnsbn n fumknu obsbr l emvzrun fr falumlrmunubn, l zsbnion

ndbkbsmdas vb àdavbub obsbr nfbdnm vdaknl9 Rdumon vadrmb lf a sbpadrmb,

Vrffbvrd nfbvurm falfbzu pmlb eml `snkmdmunubn vmvubordrm zadmumf m eml bwmvubln l

nkblen zrcdmf eml rdumomm 3: nlm n zbvub 2:" eml zazrdnmb zsbafrznu zsmasmuns eb

zsazsmn vmurnmb bfalaomf, @mbfnsb krpbslnsb m/n mozrv zsazsmmdb sbàsob fr favursm

vafmndb ànsub onsm$ mns zazrdnmn fsbeb f n vuslv eb zsbn ordub asm frsbnrn,

Nvuym$ emvfrsvrd ebvzsb vfgmocnsb bvub l falumlrnsb zsbyblu$ zsml empbsvb àsob,

Vfazrd znsumfmzsmm dn pmnn zadmumf n ebpblmu fumknsbn zrubsmm m lr lbnzsnu

bwbsfmunsbn bm, Eml nfbnvu fnry$ bàsursmdb m sbvrsvbdb vb falfblusbny zb fumknsbn

fnoznlmmdas bdbfuasndb m lr zb zvusnsbn zrubsmm eb fusb krpbslnlm, Rl b`bfu nd

nfbvurm faozasunoblu n àvu falfblusnsbn zb monkmlb l ebusmoblurd sbndmumm, Ebm

zblusr faorlmfnsbn zadmumf falfblusnsbn n àvu cblb`mf$ l vblvrd vumordsmm nfbvubm

mlervusmm$ zb ubsobl obemr vb falvunu a ebdbkmumonsb zrubslmf n vmvubordrm zadmumf, Fb

lbdbkb bdbfuasnurd nurlfm fle vzrlb Rdumon vadrmb lf a sbpadrmb1 Bd psbn

vfgmocnsbn snemfnd n sbkrdmdas eml mlubsmasrd vmvubordrm zadmumf$ nuu eml mlubsmasrd

fdnvbm zadmumfb$ fu m emlvzsb bdbfuasnu,

Mobemnu erz >=7=$ faorlmfnsbn zadmumf v/n `fru dn `bd fn m sbàson$ nemf dn

oaerd lbzsa`bvmalmvu, Fnoznlmn eml >==: n àvu bpmeblmnu zsml ebonkakmb m

zazrdmvo eml znsubn zadmumfmblmdasm zsml lbzsa`bvmalndmvo eml znsubn vzbfmndmumdas l

faorlmfnsb, Zsmobdb fnoznlmm bdbfuasndb nr àvu eaomlnub eb lnmpmunub m blurymnvo m


14/80

>5

nr dmzvmu omidanfbdb zsa`bvmalmvub eb faorlmfnsb, V/n omynu zb às m zb

oalazadmynsbn nffbvrdrm dn UPS, Eb nvboblbn$ v/nr nffblurnu ubobsm lam m v/nr

avumdmynu fnubkasmm em`bsmub eb bdbfuasnu, Fnsnfubsmynu esbzu gnaumf$ zsmon fnoznlmb

zadmumf eb erz >=7= n famlfmv m fr vumordnsbn fbdas onm lb`nvub onlm`bvunmm zrcdmfb$fnsb nr àvu omlbsmnebdb, Sbyrdunubdb fnoznlmbm bdbfuasndb eml >==: lr nerf lmomf

lar$ fm a`mfmndmybny @VL/rd, Nfbvubn nr àvu ndbkbsmdb l fnsb vb sbyadp eboafsnumf

vfgmocnsbn fbsru eb sbpadrmb9 fumk @VL$ znsumerd fnsb n zsbdrnu zrubsbn erz

>=7=, Zl l >==3$ dn rsouansbn fnoznlmb bdbfuasnd$ eboafsnmn asmkmlnd eml

Saolmn nerfb zb vfbln zadmumf mebadakmn nlumfaorlmvu$ ebm$ dn sbpadrmb$ saolmm

nr vfnlenu Iav faorlmvord., l fnoznlmn bdbfuasnd eml >==3 nzns zblusr zsmon

ans erz sbpadrmn eml >=7=$ falvrdunlmm vusmlm l faorlmfnsb, Vb fankrdbny onmcmlb emvfrsvrd nlumfaorlmvu l irsrd zsmobm vusrfursm eb azaymmb asknlmynu, B

fnoznlmn bdbfuasnd l fnsb àvurd @VL lr onm znsumfmz$ `mmle empmynu l ear znsumeb,

Saolmm nr usbcrmu v ndbnk lusb a vfgmocnsb oaebsnu n drm Mdmbvfr m a vfgmocnsb

snemfnd$ n lamm azaymmm eb esbnzun, Faorlmfnsbn zadmumf n àvu eb`mfmuns, @EVL/rd

drm Mal Mdmbvfr$ oaublmuasrd @VL$ fumk ndbkbsmdb zb cnyn rlrm obvni eb vfgmocnsb

`n eb ksbbdmdb krpbslsmm Zbusb Saonl, lusb umoz$ nzns zsmomm falvrdunlm saolm

zsa`bvmalmum$ fnsb nr vuremnu faorlmfnsbn zadmumf l vusmlunub, Vb acvbsp f l >==0

l Saolmn v/n zruru pascm ebvzsb a fnoznlmb bdbfuasnd zsa`bvmalmvu, Fnoznlmn b

ordu onm cmlb asknlmynu$ fbdb usbm cdafrsm$ ZEVS$ FES$ RVE nr nzbdnu dn oniasmunubn

mlvusroblubdas oaebslb eb faorlmfnsb$ mlfdrvmp dn falvrdunlm vusmlm, >==0 b nlrd l

fnsb ebpmlb fdns f rl emvfrsv mlubsbvnlu lr nsb vrffbv enf lr b vrvmlru eb a

fnoznlmb zsa`bvmalmvu, Fumk uau rl obvni eb vfgmocnsb$ ebsmpnu lv eml bzrmynsbn

krpbslsmm ZEVS, Vfgmocnsbn eb zrubsb n nerv rl vr`dr lar l Saolmn$ pmfuasmn

FES `mmle vafaumu nurlfm fn a nebpsnu pmfuasmb ozausmpn faorlmvordrm fr `n

ronl, Znusr nlm onm usymr$ vb acvbsp f npbno a fnoznlmb bdbfuasnd onm

zsa`bvmalmvu m a faorlmfnsb zadmumf onm crl, Ebin m znsumebdb omfm nr fnoznlmm

ànsub crlb, Erz a krpbslnsb eb esbnzun$ vb sbpmlb dn emvfrsvrd eb vulkn$ uau zb mebbn

vfgmocsmm, Ens$ v/n nirlv dn rl znsneaw nd vfgmocsmm$ fnsb n àvu eb `nzu rlrd nd

sbpblmsmm dn zrubsb n drm Mal Mdmbvfr, Saolmm nr usbcrmu v azubyb lusb pnsmnlun

oaebsnu n ZVE m fbn snemfnd/bwusbomvu n ZSO, Emvfrsvrd esbzubm zsa/affmeblundb

bvub nlrdnu, Fnoznlmn lr onm b nwnu zb faorlmvo/nlumfaorlmvo, Vb mozrl uau onm

ordu anoblmm$ fnsb lfbz v nfnznsbyb emvfrsvrd zrcdmf, Monkmlbn rlas zbsvalndmum


15/80

>2

ebpmlb bvblmnd zblusr vrffbvrd rlbm fnoznlmm, Fbdb onm crlb bwbozdb vrlu Mal

Mdmbvfr$ Faslbdmr Pnemo Ureas m Usnmnl Cvbvfr, N pblmu fnoznlmn bdbfuasnd eml

3::5$ rleb v/n acvbspnu unfumfmynsbn m mozdmfnsbn fbdas onm onsm vusrfursm eb

faorlmfnsb, Fnoznlmn bdbfuasnd nlksblbny bwusbo eb ordub sbvrsvb$ `mmle mozdmfnubfbdb onm mozasunlub vusrfursm eb faorlmfnsb eml Saolmn$ ozsbrl fr rl falumlkblu

onias eb falvrdunlm vusmlm, Emvzrun vb zansu dn rl lmpbd ànsub smemfnu$ em`bsblbdb

`mmle `frub eb ebundmm nuu eb asknlmynsb$ fu m eb faorlmfnsb, Vfasrsmdb vrlu ànsub

bfgmdmcsnub$ paursmdb `mmle enub$ zsbpmymcmd$ uau zblusr vfgmocnsb, Zb eb a znsub$ b pascn

eb vfgmocnsbn eml mlubsmas$ zb fnsb a zsaomub ZVE$ zb eb ndu znsub$ b pascn eb

vfgmocnsbn sbpadrmalns zb fnsb a zsaomub Ndmnln ZLD/ZE, Nfbnvun eml rso

fumk$ fn rsonsb n pmfuasmbm zbsvalndb n drm Usnmnl Cvbvfr, Fnoznlmnzsbymeblmndeml3::= nàvu fbn onm zrubslmf zbsvalndmynu eml mvuasmn eboafsnmbm zavu/

ebfbocsmvub emlSaolmn, l falemmmdb l fnsb ndbkbsmdb zsbymeblmndb lr nr onm àvu

vrzsnzrvb fbdas znsdnoblunsb$ `mbfnsb fnlemenu n àvu lbpamu v vb zsbymlub zb vmlb fn

zbsvanlm nfuas zadmumf$ ebm bsn fnlemenurd rlrm znsume zadmumf,Lr nr bwmvunu vrszsmyb

oniasb l nfbnvu fnoznlmb bdbfuasnd, Fr bwfbzmn fblussmm obvnirdrm zb fnlemenu

onm ebksnc ebfu zb erburd fnlemenu/znsume$ fnoznlmn n sbvzbfunu sbbubdb

nlubsmansb, Faorlmfnsbn mlemsbfu$ zsml mlubsobemrd obemn$ n àvu zsmasmunubn

zsmlfmzndmdas faozbumuasm, Fr uanub nfbvubn$ ndbkbsmdb zsbymeblmndb eml 3::= nr kblbsnu

fbd onm onsb bàsu rlmuns l ubsoblm eb ozsmsb eb onubsmndb bdbfuasndb m n`mni

bdbfuasnd eml rdumomm 3: eb nlm, Ebm nfbvu umz eb faorlmfnsb n nlksblnu fbdb onm onsm

fgbdurmbdm$ bd lr n àvu nzsanzb ebdaf rl vrcmbfu eb ebdmomunsb lusb faozbumuasm, Eb

bwbozdr$ Usnmnl Cvbvfr$ fnlemenurd vrvmlru eb ZE/D n vfgmocnu fbd zrml usbm vbsmm

eb znlauni vusnend m ear vdaknlrsm l fbdb 0 vzuolm ndb fnoznlmbm bdbfuasndb,

Enuasmu znsumfrdnsmumdas zsafbvrdrm bdbfuasnd eml 3::= m fnoznlmmdb eb faorlmfnsb

ndb fnlemenmdas nr àvu nenzunub, Nvu`bd$ rlmm fnlemenm nr lfbsfnu v àdavbnvf ordu

onm ordu faorlmfnsbn emsbfu9 n fsbvfru emsbfu/onmdmlk/rdrm m faorlmfnsbn eaas/ua/

eaas, Nfbvub mlvusroblub vrlu àdavmub ebansbfb zbsomu usnlvomubsbn emsbfu n

obvnirdrm `s emvuasvmrlbn obemn, Nfbnvu fnoznlmb bdbfuasnd n falvbolnu a

emoblvmrlb `s zsbfbeblu n faozalblubm mlvumurmalndb, Znsumebdb eml azaymmb nr

usbfru a oamrlb eb fblyrs ozausmpn Krpbslrdrm l `rlfmb m a crl znsub n

ebycnubsmm bdbfuasndb n àvu oalazadmynu eb emvfrmmdb mlvumurmalndb zsmpmle àsonsbn


16/80

>0

rlrm lar Krpbsl, Nr àvu àdavmm falvrdunlm vusmlm$ fnsb lr m/nr nenzunu

fasbvzrlyuas vusnubkmn sbndmumdas saolbum,

Nlndmyle faorlmfnsbn zadmumf eml rdumomm 3: eb nlm$ vb zanub acvbspn f

nfbnvun n mozrv onm ordub csnle/rsm$ fnsb eb`mlbvf ànsub fdns oaerd l fnsbbdbfuasnurd vb snzasubny dn zadmumf, Zsmlusb nfbvubn nr àvu9

/ Nsebmrd mrub 'vmocad nd nfmemumm m nd numuremlmm mlfaoaeb-, B rl vmocad nlum/vmvubo$

fnsb nsb em`mfrdum l n vb zbszburn l mlubsmasrd vmvubordrm,

/ Vsnf m fmlvumu 'vmocad nd mzafsmymbm m nd dmzvbm eb usnlvznsbl eml zadmumfn

saolbnvf-, B rl csnle zb cnyn fsrmn vrlu nffbzunm dmebsmm eaomlnlm,

/ Ubglafsnurd 'vmocad nd zsbafrzsmm zblusr ubglmfmynsbn nfurdrm eb krpbslnsb l

ebusmoblurd oasndmumm m pndasmdas-Zsbafrznsbn zblusr csnlersm zazrdnsb$ lbva`mvumfnub$ fgmns zazrdmvub$ vzsmiml

nvfblvmrlbn zbsvanlbdas l ebusmoblurd pndasmdasm mebmdas, l 3::5$ Usnmnl Cvbvfr n

fumknu ear fal`srlusm zadmumfb9 fbn eb dn rslb m fbn eb zb Mlubslbu, Cvbvfr n àvu

fbd fnsb m/n lpnu zb zadmumfmblmm saolm f Mlubslburd bvub rl obemr fnsb zanub `m

àdavmu zb fu eb ras$ zb nuu eb mbùml$ l faorlmfnsbn bdbfuasnd, N àdavmu zblusr

zsmon ans krbsmddn emkmund$ m/n nkdaobsnu vmub/rd fr cnllbsb m ndub bdboblub pmyrndb

ras eb ea{ldanenu m eb àdavmu l vfaz zbsvalnd, N fsbnu nsebmrd$ csnle zazrdns$

lbva`mvumfnu$ zb fnsb d/n àdavmu l oae fabsblu l obvnibdb vndb zadmumfb, N erv a

fnoznlmb nksbvmp$ emlnomf$ omdmunlu$ cnynu zb krbsmddn$ zb iafrsm zadmumynub m fr

ordu roas$ fr onsb zsmy dn rumdmynuasmm eb Mlubslbu, N àvu$ zblusr nfbn psbob$

lbacmlrmu$ norynlu$ rlbasm vfnlendav$ nusmcrub fnsb nr ebfdnlnu sroansb m m/nr

vzasmu zazrdnsmunubn, N fsbnu a zapbvub fsbemcmd$ fr rl zbsvalni fblusnd nenzunu9

zbs`bfu ronl$ lbva`mvumfnu$ fr vmord esbzumm$ orlfmuas$ falusnvule zrubslmf fr

mozbfncmdrd n`mnu eb falusnfnlemenurd vr$ Nesmnl Lvunvb, Oaebdrd dnlvnu eb Usnmnl

Cvbvfr l 3::5 n enu ualrd dn rumdmynsbn pmsndrdrm l faorlmfnsbn bdbfuasnd, Usnmnl

Cvbvfr m/n fsbnu rl csnle fabsblu m fdns eb`mlmu, Csnlerd Cvbvfr vb crfrs l

falumlrnsb eb a fnubkasmb eb vrvmluasm damndm, D/n ubvunu dn ndbkbsmdb brsaznsdnoblunsb$

fgmns zb `mmfn vn$ BCn, N pyru f csnlerd nsb vrvmlbsb m nurlfm n sbfnlemenu,

Nlndmyle fbm 3: eb nlm eb eboafsnmb l Saolmn$ vb falvunu f emlus/rl

zrlfu eb pbebsb$ zsa`bvmalndmynsbn faorlmfsmm zadmumfb n npru m rl b`bfu lbknump9 n

àvu usbfru l zdnl vbfrle zbsàsonln krpbslnoblund, Zadmumfn bvub pyru fn rl iaf

l fnsb fumkn fbd fnsb falpmlkb bdbfuasnurd$ mlem`bsblu eb zbsàsonln vn bwbfrump,


17/80

>;

Ebfm$ v/n zrv rl nffblu zsbn onsb zb monkmlb l ebusmoblurd krpbslsmm, @mmlef vb

acml onm `nfmd sbyrdunub zsml monkmlb ebfu zsml zadmumfm zrcdmfb$ zadmumfn n ebpblmu rl

vznmr l fnsb vb mlpbvubub onm fr vbnon l faorlmfnsb,

Obemnumynsbn zadmumfmm8 zadmumfn obemnumysmm

Obemnumynsbn nsb rl b`bfu bvblmnd l zadmumf$ mns obemnumynsbn zadmumf zanub

smemfn vnr facas rl zadmumfmnl$ l `rlfmb eb oaerd l fnsb vb `nfb nfbnvu obemnumynsb,

V`bsn zadmumf ml`drblbny obemn m eb ordub asm zsbvmrlmdb `frub nvrzsn obembm eb

fusb zadmumfmblm vrlu onsm, Irslndmumm lr onm zau `m mlebzbleblm zadmumf$ mns

mlàsonmmdb em`rynub ebpml vrcmbfumpb, Usrvursmdb eb zsbv vrlu àdavmub eb oakrdmzblusr n numlkb acmbfumpb zadmumfb, m$ zsml mlubsobemrd zadmumfrdrm$ vb sbndmybny

acmbfumprd eb n`nfbsm$ vzrlbn Fsmvumnl Ureas Zazbvfr lus/rl mlubspmr nfasenu

faumemnlrdrmBpblmoblurd ymdbm,

l Snzasurd Dmcbsunubn zsbvbm l Saolmn l nlrd 3::7$ zrcdmfnu l onm

3::=$ Nkblmn eb Oalmuasmynsb n Zsbvbm oblmalbny f l Saolmn falumlr

zsbvmrlmdb zadmumfb dn UPS$ falumlr zsnfumfn rlas fdmblm eb zrcdmfmunub eb n noblmln

mlvumurmmdb obemn fr sbusnkbsbn zrcdmfmumm fn rsonsb n rlas lbordromsm dbknub eb

zadmumfn bemuasmnd$ emvusmcrmn zrcdmfnmmdas umzsmub bvub lf rl vbkoblu prdlbsncmd

nfubdas eb fblyrs$ zsbvn bvub zsun dn ublunumpbdb nruasmumdas eb onlmzrdnsb n

azmlmbm zrcdmfb, l fnesrd Vmozaymalrdrm Lnmalnd eb Irslndmvo vrvmlru eb @nfrdunubn

eb ummlb Zadmumfb$ Neomlmvusnumpb m ndb Faorlmfsmm fnsb v/n ebv`rsnu dn Fdri/

Lnzafn l zbsmanen 35 / 32 afuaocsmb 3::7$ Lmfadnb Obdmlbvfr$ sbenfuas Bwubslb dn

Ubdbpmymrlbn Saol n àvu lusbcnu enf onm bwmvu irslndmum mlebzbleblm,

Svzrlvrd vr vmlfbs n nsunu eb `nzu vmurnmn eml UPS$ a mlvumurmb vrvmlru eml cnlm

zrcdmfm n`dnu l vrcasemlbn Znsdnoblurdrm Saolmbm9 irslndmvurd `nfb znsub emlus/rl

vmvubo$ emlus/rl asknlmvo$ lfbnsf v `mb acmbfumpm v nskroblubyb mbfnsb n`msonmb

zb fnsb a `nfb$ lv `mbfnsb ksrz eb mlubsbvb nsb zsazsmrd sbzsbyblunlu l sbenfmb$ `mb

f bvub ZVE/rd$ ZLD/rd vnr ZE/D/rd$ uaurm$ l ovrsn l fnsb ubdbpmymrlbn bvub

akdmlen sbndmumm m lr drzn nvrzsn bm$ nfbnvun m `nfb obvbsmn$ l fmren mlubsbvbdas

zbfrlmnsb ndb irslndmumdas, Falàso Snzasurdrm bdncasnu eb Nkblmn eb Oalmuasmynsb

n Zsbvbm$ vrc lrobdb Dmcbsunubn zsbvbm l Saolmn l nlrd 3::7$ zrcdmfnu l onm

3::= vb falvunu zsbvmrlmdb dn fnsb vrlu vrzrm irslndmumm saolm, Nvrzsn das vb `nf


18/80

>7

zsbvmrlm eml znsubn nruasmumdas$ ens m zsbvmrlm zadmumfb m bfalaomfb, Eb bwbozdr$

Sner Knùn$ àvu bemuas eb umsm dn UPS$ n `fru zrcdmfb zsbvmrlmdb bemuasmndb dn fnsb

vrlu vrzrm irslndmumm eml sbenfmn eb umsm eb fusb larn falerfbsb mlvundnu l

lambocsmb 3::; erz ebomubsbn Saemfm Frdfbs9 Pbfgmm bemuasm m zsaerfuasmnffblurnr onm ndbvumsmdb zadmumfbm bfalaomfb$ l nfbnvu asemlb, Larn bfgmz n zrv

nffblu onm ndbv zb umsmdb vafmndb, Knùn n oblmalnu m zsbvmrlmdb pblmub eml yaln

zadmumf9 Onm ndbv l fb zsmpbub ubdbànlbdb zadmumfb, Vumm f emsbfuasrdumsmdas

'l,l,/Saemfn Frdfbs- nfmalbny fn a rocsbd fnsb azsbub fbdb onm ordub zsbvmrlm

pblmub eml bwubsmas, Zsbvmrlmdb onm obskm emsbfu fusb rlmm sbzasubsm, Ens zsbvmrlmdb

eb vrv vb azsbvf dn emsbfuas, Rl ndu fny `dnksnlu n npru daf l enun >= onsumb 3::7,

Dmpmr Esnklbn$ pmfbzsbbemlub nd ZVE m uauaenu zsbbemlub nd Falvmdmrdrm IrebbnlUbdbasonl$ n fbsru Irebfuasmbm Ndbwnlesmn v bomu a asealnl zsbbemlmnd l cnyn

nsu, 27> eml Faerd eb Zsafbers Fmpmd zsml fnsb vb vadmfmun vmvunsbn em`rysmm ymnsrdrm

Knybun eb Vre Bvu zb snyn irebrdrm Ubdbasonl zl dn `mlndmynsbn nfbvuas fnoznlmm

'l,l, fnoznlmmdb bdbfuasndb eml 3::7-, Esnklbn m irvum`mfn fbsbsbn sb`bsmler/vb dn

bwmvubln l znkmlmdb zrcdmfnmbm n rlas nsumfadb sb`bsmuansb dn nfumpmunubn vn$ nsumfadb zb

fnsb bd db falvmebsn n `m fndaolmanvb m eb lnurs n/m nerfb ksnpb numlkbsm dn nesbvn

ebolmumm m monkmlmm, Mlvunln vbvmynu n sbvzmlv fbsbsbn drm Dmpmr Esnklbn, Vbvmynu

eb Nkblmn eb Oalmuasmynsb n Zsbvbm v bwzsmob rl zrlfu eb pbebsb l dbkurs fr

nfbnvu vmurnmb m v nlrlb zrcdmf enf vb vadmensmybny fr Esnklbn vnr falenol

faozasunoblurd nfbvurmn$ falerfbsbn ZVE lr n npru lmfm a sbnfmb, Eb oblmalnu f

Dmpmr Esnklbn n afrznu zblusr a vfrsu zbsmane 'ebfbocsmb 3::7 / mnlrnsmb 3::=-

`rlfmn eb omlmvusr nd Neomlmvusnmbm m Mlubslbdas$ erz àsonsbn lardrm krpbsl ZVE/

ZE/D l rson ndbkbsmdas znsdnoblunsb eml 3::7,

Fb vb luozd fr irslndmvurd saol fle ebsnlibny zadmumfrd fr fub a

nlfgbu1 Ymnsrd lr onm nirlkb dn fmumuasm, Rl fny falfsbu n npru daf l enun eb >= onm$

l uamrd fnoznlmbm bdbfuasndb zblusr ndbkbsmdb dafndb$ faumemnlrd dafnd Knybun eb Vre

n emvzsru eb dn nzsanzb uanub zrlfubdb eb plynsb eml Fsnmapn, Ymnsrd falmlbn a

nlfgbu ebvzsb oaerd l fnsb zsbbemlubdb Falvmdmrdrm Irebbnl Eadi mlusnvb l zavbvmn

rlbm pmdb l fblusrd asnrdrm Fsnmapn, Fblyrsn zadmumf bwmvum `rlfmalbny eml zdml

l Saolmn, l nfbdnm snzasu v/n pascmu eb fblyrs zadmumf dn Nkbszsbv$ nkblmn eb

umsm n`dnu vrc falusadrd Znsdnoblurdrm Saolmb, Falerfbsbn nkblmbm lnmalndb eb

zsbv Nkbszsbv 'àvu Saozsbv zl l 3::7- n àvu nfrynu eb fblyrs eb Sacbsu


19/80

>=

Omgmdbvfr$ àvu sbenfuas/b` dn vbfmn eb umsm mlubslb, Nfbvun n àvu vrvzblenu eml

`rlfmb eb fusb falerfbsb dn v`smurd drlmm onm zblusr f lr n npru a vusnubkmb

bemuasmnd zblusr fnoznlmn bdbfuasnd$ lr n usmomv `mbdb eb zavu ndb sbenfuasmdas eml

vrcasemlb dn umoz$ ens m zblusr nfrybdb eb fblyrs zb fnsb nfbvun db/n nervSaozsbvrdrm l zrcdmf, Omgmdbvfr n nfmalnu l mlvunl Nkbszsbv falubvule

dbkndmunubn ebfmymbm eb vrvzblensb, Irslndmvurd n nfrynu falerfbsbn Nkbszsbv eb

lbem`rynsbn rlbm umsm ebvzsb rlrd emlusb fnlemenmm dn zsmosmn Fnzmundbm$ nfurndrd

zsmons Vasml Azsbvfr m eb sb`ryrd usmomubsmm rlas sbzasubsm dn nfmrlmdb bdbfuasndb ndb

nfbvurmn, Manl Safn$ emsbfuasrd Nkbszsbv n lbknu nfrynmmdb lus/a ebfdnsnmb a`bsmu

ymnsrdrm Faumemnlrd9 Lr vb zanub v usmomubo anoblm dn asmfb ludlmsb eb/n drm

Azsbvfr dn obusar,Zadmumfn lanvus bemuasmnd lr zsbvrzrlb f enf fmlbpn `nfb afal`bsml$ usbcrmb v ub erfm nfada nruaonu, Ebzmleb eb mozasunln bpblmoblurdrm,

Eb nvboblbn$ irslndmvurd nfry lbem`rynsbn rlrm onubsmnd ebvzsb eavnsbdb eb

mlàsonuasm ndb ebzrunmdas ZSO Nrsbd Srv m Eromusr Npsno$ rdumord `mmle àvu

nlkninu nd Nkbszsbv, Safn sbvzmlkb nfrynmmdb l nfbdnm onubsmnd zrcdmfnu eb

Faumemnlrd9 umsbn zb vrsvb eb dn FLVNV n nzsru iam zb OBEMN@NW, Saozsbv lr n

nzsru fr lmomf$ lr zblusr f no `m mlubsymv/a lam$ fm zblusr f lr a npbn zrsm

vmozdr, ',,,- Nkblmn Lnmalnd lr ns usbcrm v obnsk zb vrsvb$ v `nf ebypdrmsm$

nlfgbub, vun b vunururd lavusr, lus/a ebfdnsnmb zrcdmfnu eb faumemnlrd Nebpsrd$

Omgmdbvfr vbolndn m `npasmynsbn eb fusb Nkbszsbv n nlromuas znsumeb9 umr ymnsmum

eml nkblmb$ lrob frlavfrub l zsbv$ fnsb nr zdbfnu zblusr f lr onm vrzasunr v

vfsmb fmlfm umsm eb dn rl znsume eb azaymmb m v mlusb rl vmlkrs znsnksn`, A ndu

zsacdbo vbolndnu eb Sacbsu Omgmdbvfr n àvu zsbdrlkmsbn mdbknd n onlenurdrm eb

emsbfuas nd drm Manl Safn$ ebm nfbvurmn m/n bwzmsnu zb >= onsumb onlenurd dbknd$ mns

dbkbn eb `rlfmalnsb n Saozsbv lr sbkdboblubny mlubsmonurd, l drln vbzubocsmb

3::7$ Nkbszsbv n lnmlunu Znsdnoblurdrm rl zsambfu eb oaem`mfnsb n dbkmm eb

`rlfmalnsb n Saozsbv fnsb vuncmdbub$ zsmlusb ndubdb$ zsbdrlkmsbn nruaonu n

onlenurdrm emsbfuasrdrm Nkbszsbv zl dn lromsbn eb fusb Znsdnoblu n rlrm lar

emsbfuas, Mlmmnumpn dbkmvdnump onm falmlb$ zb dlk a vbsmb eb ovrsm eb fsbubsb

vndnsmnd$ oaem`mfnsbn zsafbersmm eb lromsb n emsbfuasrdrm Nkbszsbv$ usnlv`bsle nfbvu

zsbsaknump emlvzsb zsmord omlmvusr fusb Znsdnoblu, Zb 35 vbzubocsmb 3::7$

Znsdnoblurd n paunu zsbdrlkmsbn onlenurdrm drm Manl Safn zl dn lromsbn rlrm lar

emsbfuas, Zb àlerd zsaubvurdrm drm Sacbsu Omgmdbvfr v/n lvfru a mlmmnump vmlemfnd


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3:

Vmlemfnurd Rlmu ndumsmumdas falerv eb irslndmvurd Apmemr Cscrdbvfr, Falerfbsbn

nkblmbm n àdavmu rln emlusb obuaebdb ebpblmub ebin usnemmalndb eb n lcrm omfnsbn

vmlemfnd9 n vbolnu rl Falusnfu Fadbfump eb Orlf fr rl ndu vmlemfnu$ Vmlemfnurd

Irslndmumdas Zsa`bvmalmum$ ebvzsb fnsb Apmemr Cscrdbvfr vrvmlb f9 B rl vmlemfnund falerfbsmm$ nd emsbfuasrdrm kblbsnd$ Manl Safn, Cscrdbvfr n ebomvmalnu eml

sbenfmb$ nfryle zadmumfn bemuasmnd zsacdbonumf zsnfumfnu eb falerfbsbn nkblmbm

m `nzurd f mlvumurmn vb ubob v vrzbsb anoblmm zadmumfm m vb zaymmalbny fn rl

fmlb eb zny nd mlvumurmmdas$m lr fn rl nzsuas nd mlubsbvrdrm zrcdmf,

Frlavfrurd faoblunuas Dmpmr Nlualbvbm n frlavfru m bd zb zsazsmn/m zmbdb fb

lvbnol eb `nzu fblyrsn l Saolmn$ ns falvmebsnu n npbn a zsbv dmcbs$ fnsb bvub

m n znusn zrubsb l vunu, l drln nrkrvu 3::7$ zrcdmfnmn Kgmozbdb eb Mnm fnsbnznsmlb usrvurdrm Mlunfu 'nd drm Enl Pamfrdbvfr- n azsmu eb dn zrcdmfnsb rl onubsmnd nd

frlavfrurdrm faoblunuas Dmpmr Nlualbvbm, Onubsmndrd falmlbn fsmumfm dn nesbvn àvurdrm

zsbombs Nesmnl Lvunvb, Falàso bemuasmndmvurdrm$ sbenfuasrd/b` nd zrcdmfnmbm$ Nlkbdn

Onùbm$ m/n usnlvomv zsml bonmd oaumpbdb nfbvubm ebfmymm9 Fbsmlbdb bwzsbvb ndb fbdas

eb dn Kgmozb vrlu9 >, v eo lronm vrcmbfub eb dafnd8 3, v lr lb onm dro eb

ZVE , Nlkbdn Onubm n ebfdnsnu lv zblusr Faumemnlrd f eb pml ns `m zblusr

sbvzmlkbsbn nsumfadrdrm$ ebfm sbfrlanub mozdmfmu nzdmfnsbn fblyrsmm mlubslb$ uafonm

lbsbvzbfunsbn zadmumfmm bemuasmndb9 Fnryn sbvzmlkbsmm onubsmndrdrm n àvu lbsbvzbfunsbn

zadmumfmm bemuasmndb n zrcdmfnmbm lanvusb m nlrob nlndmyn rlbm vmurnmm$ n rlrm

bpblmoblu vnr vrcmbfu fr mozdmfnmm l faorlmunubn mbbnl, Dmpmr Nlualbvbm vrvmlb

lv f oniasmunubn bemuasmndbdas zb fnsb db/n zrcdmfnu l Kgmozbdb eb Mnm ncasenr

ubob fblusndb m f lr m vb fbsrvb zl l nfbd oaoblu v usnubyb bwfdrvmp vrcmbfub

dafndb, l rson nfbvurm mlfmeblu frlavfrurd faoblunuas n ebfmv v lusbsrz

fadncasnsbn fr Kgmozbdb eb Mnm,

Enf no falvununu f l Saolmn obemnumynsbn zadmumfmm lvbnol eb ordub asm

zsbvmrlm onsm nvrzsn obemn$ mlfdrvmp eb lnurs bfalaomf mozrvb eb fdnvn zadmumf$ lr

vb zanub vzrlb f luauebnrln zadmumfn obemnumysmm zsaerfb fbdb onm crlb sbyrdunub,

Rlrd emlusb fnyrsmdb falfsbub bvub fbd nd zadmumfmnlrdrm Kmkm Cbfndm$ obemnumynu bwfbvmp$

ens fnsb l rson rlbm nvboblbn obemnumysm$ ns `m usbcrmu fn l zdnl zadmumf v fumkb

ordu onm ordub paursm, Kmkm Cbfndm n nirlv brsaznsdnobluns zblusr f n àvu nsbvunu$ mns

ubdbpmymrlmdb eml Saolmn nr obemnumynu bwfbvmp nfbvu fny9 Cbfndm l znzrfm lbkafmmle

fr onvfnmm$ Cbfndm lfurnu m onon m vamn vn fnsb zdlk$ Cbfndm l nsbvu l umoz fb


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3>

gamm bsnr l dmcbsunub, Saolrd eb sle fnsb v/n fal`srlunu m bd vnr nzsazmnmm vm fr

nvboblbn fnyrsm l fnsb zadmmumm zdumm eml cnlm zrcdmfm lr v/nr zsbafrznu v zsmle

gamm$ udgnsmm buf, fnsb m/nr zkrcmu zb fbublmm saolm$ mns nsbvunsbn drm Cbfndm fnsb m/

n `fru vmlkrs esbzunub d/n usmomv erz ksnumm$ m/n nerv nfbvurmn paursm vr`mfmblub zblusrn nirlkb brsaznsdnobluns,

Obemnumynsbn zadmumfmm$ ensm zadmumfn obemnumysmm bvub fbd onm cmlb sb`dbfunu

lus/rl snzasu enu zrcdmfmumm ebvzsb rdumon fnoznlmb bdbfuasnd fnsb n npru daf l

Saolmn, Fro v/n obemnumynu fnoznlmn bdbfuasnd zsbymeblmnd eml 3::=1 Falàso

Nfumpb[nufg/Nkblmn eb Oalmuasmynsb n Zsbvbm$ Fnoznlmn bdbfuasnd dn ubdbpmyas 2

vzuolm l cndal, Zb znsfrsvrd fnoznlmmdas bdbfuasndb zblusr fbdb ear ursrsm eb

vfsruml$ ubdbpmymrlmdb lr nr nvmkrsnu rl fnesr nrublumf zblusr ebycnubsbn mfal`srlunsbn zdnuàsobdas fnlemenmdas, Nkblen zrcdmf n àvu ldafrmu fr nkblen

bdbfuasnd n fnlemenmdas fr nlvb m fr ypalrsmdb pbgmfrdnub fr ordu pmundmunub eb

vun``/rsmdb eb fnoznlmb, Fnlemenmm$ l snsbdb das nznsmmm$ nr svzrlv fr zsmasmunub

vrcmbfubdas vusmeblub eb mlubsbv faumemnl$ zdnuàsobdb bdbfuasndb afrzle rl daf

zbsm`bsmf l ebycnubsm, Nlndmyn zsaksnobdas bdbfuasndb n àvu ldafrmu fr nlndmyb eb

emvfrsv$ eb dmocni lal/pbscnd vnr fnsnfubsadakmfb, Irslndmumm nr sblrlnu v onm

fadbfubyb mlàsonmm m v/nr dmomunu dn fadbfunsbn sbnfmmdas dn fnde, Vfgmocrsmdb

nksbvmpb eb sbzdmfm emlusb znsumfmznlmm dn ebycnubsmdb eml zsmob/umob nr àvu nvfrmub m$

lr eb zrmlb asm$ ndmoblunub fgmns eb fusb irslndmum, Zrcdmfrd n àvu mlàsonu falvunlu

ebvzsb frdmvbdb fnoznlmbm bdbfuasndb$ l umoz fb vfbln bsn `mb dmzvmu eb fnlemenm$ `mb

nkdaobsnu fr `mkrsm fsmvznub eb irslndmum$ zadmumfmblm m nlndmum eb fnv, Nkblen

ebycnubsmdas n àvu nffbzunu fr zsbn onsb rrsml eb ubdbpmymrlm l àson zsazrv eb

vun``/rsmdb fnlemenmdas mns ubobdb ebycurub l fnesrd fal`srlusmdas emlusb fnlemenm nr

bwfbenu nebvbn nusmcrmmdb falvumurmalndb ndb zsbbemlubdrm, l falfdrymb$ irslndmumm m

mlvumurmmdb obemn nr lfdfnu ebdmcbsnu lasobdb dbkndb fnsb mlubsymf zrcdmfnsbn

valenibdas eb azmlmb l ymrn vfsrumlrdrm, Em`rynsbn bwmu/zadd/rsmdas mlubsobemnsb n àvu

`fru fr zsbemdbfmb zb Mlubslbu$ ensm l vznmrd up, Snmrlbn nfbvubm ebfmymm bemuasmndb

bvub ksbr eb mlubszsbunu ndu`bd ebfu fn a lfbsfnsb eb n ml`drbln paurd, Enf valenibdb

eb azmlmb nr rl sad mozasunlu eb mlàsonsb n bdbfuasnurdrm l fnoznlmn bdbfuasnd$ l

ymrn vfsrumlrdrm bdb vb usnlvàso lus/rl mlvusroblu eb onlmzrdnsb, lfbzle fr enun

eb 36 afuaocsmb m zl l ymrn eb 0 ebfbocsmb$ Nfumpb[nufg Nkblmn eb

Oalmuasmynsb n Zsbvbm n ebv`rsnu nfumpmum nozdb eb oalmuasmynsb n obemnumysmm


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33

fnoznlmbm bdbfuasndb, l nfbvu vblv$ Nfumpb[nufg n mlàsonu falvunlu$ zsml vbvmysm m

snzansub eb nlndmy 'eb bwbozdr$ snzansubdb mlubsobemnsb Fnoznlmn bdbfuasnd l

umsmdb UP eml >> lambocsmb$ Fnoznlmn bdbfuasnd ml zsmob/umob m Fnoznlmn

bdbfuasnd lumsmdb UP eml 5 ebfbocsmb-$ zrcdmfrd m mlvumurmmdb ncmdmunub$ fr zsmpmsb dnasmfb ncnubsb l zsaoapnsbn fnoznlmbm bdbfuasndb l onvv/obemn, Bpadrmmdb eb zb

vfbln zrcdmf nr àvu eb fbdb onm ordub asm `mdusnub eb zbsvalndmunubn m zbsfbzmmdb

irslndmumdas$ `s n `m vrvmlrub asm faocurub fr eafroblusm irslndmvumfb falvmvublub,

Rl fndfrd vrons b`bfurnu nvrzsn zsaksnobdas l mlubspndrd asns eb onwmo nrembl$

3>9:: ::9:: mlemf zalebsbn irslndmvordrm eb mlàsonsb `n eb fbd eb azmlmb9 >3:

eb omlrub eb mlàsonmm, Oaebsnuasmm m irslndmumm zsbyblm l ebycnubsmdb zadmumfb m/nr

sbfrlavfru$ zb ndafrsm$ umudrd eb àsonuasm eb azmlmb, Nkblmn eb Oalmuasmynsb n Zsbvbml snzasurd zsbyblunu nsnu f irslndmumm vrlu a csbnvd l fsmy eb meblumunub m

fsbemcmdmunub m vrlu vrzrm zsbvmrlmm znusalrdrm$ rl nkblu zadmumf nfump9 l nfbbnm

zbsmane nr àvu meblum`mfnub a vbsmb eb vrzsnzrlbsm eb nkble lusb irslndmum m

znusalmm zavursmdas eb ubdbpmymrlb, Irslndmumm m oaebsnuasmm nr faorlmfnu lus/a lau

usnlvznsblu azmlmmdb m fsbyrsmdb znusalmdas das, Rlbasm znusalmm nr mlusnu l bomvmrlm

l emsbfu zblusr n/m faorlmfn fsbyrsmdb zadmumfb, Nnens$ znusalmm lr ebml eans

nfmrlm$ fm m ebv`rsuansb eb bomvmrlb, Mns vmurnmn irslndmvurdrm n àvu m onm

faozdmfnu nurlfm fle znusalmm nr àvu nkblm zadmumfm nfumpm$ zaymmaller/vb bwzdmfmu

l eb`npansbn rlrmn emlusb fnlemenmm nr faorlmfnu mlàsonmm fr moznfu zrubslmf l

fnoznlmn bdbfuasnd,

Cdak$ cdakkmlk$ cdakav`bsm zadmumf

l rdumomm$ zadmumfmblmm saolm nr ozlymu aldmlb/rd fr vmub/rsm zbsvalndb$

cdakrsm$ pmsndb$ vznorsm zadmumfb vnr fnoznlmm eb emsbfu onmdmlk, Faorlmfnsbn aldmlb

lr zanub fumkn ndbkbsmdb l falurd rlrm fnlemenu dmzvmu eb vrffbv$ lv zanub nirun onm

b`mfmblu a fnoznlmb l nfmrlm zsbfro fadbfunsbn eb àlersm$ zbsvrnvmrlbn$

asknlmynsbn$ svzrlvrd snzme m oacmdmynsbn bdbfuasnurdrm, B esbzu f lr b dn `bd fn

nurlfm fle m oaumpbym zb paunlm v znsumfmzb dn iafrsm aldmlb zblusr a fnoznlmb$ v

zdnvbyb rl {mekbu zb a sbbn vafmnd$ v usmomu VOV vnr v rsosbnvf `mdordbb

zadmumfb zb {bc, Vmurnmn zadmumfmnlrdrm saol v/n vfgmocnu$ fgmns enf nfbvun lr vb

zsmfbzb ebdaf dn fndfrdnuansb, Nsb falvrdunlm m bvub zsbyblu aldmlb, Esnka Ebgbdbnl$


23/80

36

emsbfuas nd nkblmbm eb faorlmfnsb m sbdnmm zrcdmfb aldmlb Vbdblmv n acvbspnu dn onm

uam fnlemenmm$ eml 3::5 lfanfb$ rl vmub fbd zrml omlmond eb zsbyblunsb, Rlmm m/nr

ebvfgmv falursm zb vmub/rsm eb vafmndmynsb eb kblrd gm2 vnr GGGGG@nfbcaahGGGGGm nr zavunu

àuaksn`mm$ fro n àvu fnyrd drm Sner Onysb vnr nd Bdblbm Resbn, Fgmns enflrosrd zadmumfmblmdas zsbyblm l obemrd aldmlb bvub ordu vrzbsmas$ nfbumn lbdbk

nfbvu obemr dn `bd eb zrml fn m l 3::5, Oniasmunubn fal`rle vusnubkmn aldmlb fr

vmozdn zsbybl aldmlb$ lauasmbunubn fr lrosrd faoblunsmmdas eb zb cdakrsm m

vrffbvrd zsbyblbm aldmlb fr vznord$ fsbeb Vasml Ureas$ onlnkmlk emsbfuas nd

faoznlmbmZsaibfu 602 Faoorlmfnumal$ a nkblmb nwnum zb onshbumlkrd zadmumf m nd

faorlmfsmm, Rl npnluni zblusr zadmumfmblmm eml aldmlb bvub `nzurd f obvnibdb

bdbfuasndb eb zb Mlubslbu ns zrubn `m zsbdrnub ordu onm ras eb fusb obemn usnemmalnd$onm ndbv f zsbybln aldmlb zbsomub sbnfmm l umoz sbnd l umozrd fnoznlmmdas, Rlrm

zadmumfmnl m bvub ordu onm ras v nzns l zsbv eml `nn faozrubsrdrm ebfu lnmlub$

fle usbcrmn v nmc nzsacnsbn znsumerdrm vnr v asknlmybyb fal`bsmlb eb zsbv, Ens$

bwmvum zavmcmdmunubn fn zsbybln l obemrd aldmlb v `nf zavmcmd vnlfmalnsbn fr onm

ordu rrsml n kn`bdas m lbsbkrdmdas eml fnoznlmb, Nfbvubn zau nirlkb snzme zb

cdakrsm m$ eb nmfm$ l zsbvm dn ubdbpmymrlm,

Ens$ fb bvub rl cdak1 Falàso dmubsnursmm eb vzbfmndmunub$ rl cdak 'zsbvfrsunu

eb dn bwzsbvmn blkdby{bc dak$ irslnd zb Mlubslbu- bvub a zrcdmfnmb {bc fb falmlb

nsumfadb zbsmaemfb vnr fr nfurndmynsb lblusbsrzu$ fb nr eb acmfbm fnsnfubs zbsvalnd, Eb

`nzu$ bvub rl vmub zbsvalnd$ fnsb nsb fn vfaz v zsaoapbyb monkmlbn ebmluasrdrm vr,

Rln emlusb sbkrdmdb eb cny ndb cdakrdrm bvub nfurndmynsbn drm fnsb falvu lr l

oaem`mfnsbn ubwubdas eb zl nfron$ fm l nerkmsm eb ubwub lam$ nvboblbn rlrm irslnd$

uanub falusmcrmmdb `mmle n`mnub l asemlb fsaladakmf mlpbsv, Nfbvu kbl eb zrcdmfnmm

{bc vrlu l zsmlfmzmr nffbvmcmdb zrcdmfrdrm dnsk, Enf dn lfbzru cdakrsmdb bsnr

nfurndmynub onlrnd$ fr umozrd nr nzsru rlbdub 'zsaksnob m obuaeb- fnsb v

nruaonumybyb nfbvu zsafbv, Bwmvu onm ordub zdnuàsob zblusr cdakrsm$ emlusb fnsb

nomlumo9 [asezsbvv 'fbn onm frlavfrum àdavmu zdnuàso eb cdakkmlk-$ Cdakkbs

buf, Rlbdb cdakrsm zbsomu pmymunuasmdas v zavubyb faoblunsmm$ fnsb vrlu m bdb zrcdmfb$

fsbler/vb nvu`bd a faorlmunub eb fmumuasm fblusnu l irsrd cdakrdrm8 ndub cdakrsm lr

vrlu mlubsnfumpb, Rumdmynuasmm m zau zavun zsbsmdb vnr faoblunsmmdb$ zb ubob zsazrvb eb

zsazsmbunsrd cdakrdrm, Cdakrd bvub sbkrdnu zbsmnu eb zsazsmbuns$ zblusr f ndu`bd bwmvu

smvfrd v nzns zb bd mlàsonmm fnsb onm ordu v/m erlbyb monkmlmm zbsvalndb ebfu v


24/80

35

a zsaoapbyb, Zbsvanln fnsb vfsmb zb cdak vb lrobub cdakkbs, Uaundmunubn cdakrsmdas

m n nruasmdas eb cdakrsm n àvu eblromucdakav`bs,

Fb v/n falvunu l Saolmn1 Eb bwbozdr$ l fnoznlmn bdbfuasnd zblusr

ndbkbsbn zsmonsrdrm Crfrsbumrdrm$ rln emlusb fbdb onm nksbvmpb fnoznlmm aldmlb db/nnpru Fayoml Kr, Bd m/n `fru fnoznlmb lus/rl oae asmkmlnd$ zb ]ngaa. Obvvblkbs

mlpmule rvbsmm v pmymalbyb eafroblunsrd vr ebvzsb Crfrsbum vnr v/n àdavmu eb

lrobdb znsumebdas nepbsvnsb9 aenu usbfru oarvb/rd zbvub bdb l empbsvb n`msm aldmlb$

nzsbn lvbolrd bdbfuasnd nd fnlemenurdrm ZML9 Paunm Fayoml Kr zsmons kblbsnd

dn > mrlmb, Ens$ n fumknu Vasml Azsbvfr, Nlndmumm zadmumfm nr kvmu mobemnu svzrlvrd9

oniasmunubn ndbknuasmdas eml Crfrsbum nr àvu psvulmfm m uafonm eb nfbbn fnoznlmn

aldmlb m/n nerv drm Kr nzsawmonump 2" eml paursm$ l za`men `nzurdrm f n cblb`mfmnueb a fnoznlmb onvmp nesbvnu umlbsmdas zb lbu, Falfdrymn n àvu rsouansbn9 rln

emlusb fbd onm cmlb sbndmynub fnoznlmm bdbfuasndb zb lbu$ fbn n drm Fayoml Kr zblusr

Zsmosmb lr n npru sbdbpnl l sbndmunubn vafmnd/zadmumf eml Saolmn zblusr f n

fumknu rl fnlemenu$ Azsbvfr$ lblsbkmvusnu l usn`mf,sa,

Lr lfbsfnm v omlmm aldmlb zblusr f pbm vr`bsm rl ebynvusr eb ZS, Lr

`rkmm eb ubgladakmb$ zrlbm fbublmm dn drfsr zb {bc m ml`mdusnm/p l sbbdbdb das

vafmndb$ n ebfdnsnu Irdmb Cnsha$ emsbfuas nd Mlvumurub às Zadmumfv$ Eboafsnf} & ugb

Mlubslbueml VRN zblusr Faumemnlrd, Bn db/n enu fubpn v`nursm zadmumfmblmdas saolm

fnsb vb zsbkubnr zblusr fnoznlmn bdbfuasnd eb ndbkbsb n zsbbemlubdrm Saolmbm$ fn

v/m nvmkrsb vrffbvrd pmsurnd9 >, Mlfdrebm ubgladakmnm Mlubslburd l `mbfnsb vbkoblu

nd vusnubkmbm eb fnoznlmb8 3, Lr a usnunm fn zb rl nzblemfb8 6, Falfblusnm/p zb

acmbfumpb m àdavmm unfumfmdb aldmlb zblusr n db lebzdmlm8 5, Rumdmynm Mlubslburd zblusr

n falvusrm a fadanl pbsubcsnd eb enub zblusr fnoznlmb8 2, Lr lfbsfnm v omlmm

aldmlb zblusr f pbm vr`bsm rl ebynvusr eb ZS8 0, Lr p `mb ubno v dvnm vrzasubsmm

v nmc mlmmnump aldmlb,

Fnlemenmm saolm lr nr mlru falu eb v`nursmdb rlrm vzbfmndmvu fn Irdmb Cnsha$

nr lfdfnu nfbvub zsmlfmzmm$ nr zmbseru$ ens nr kvmu bwzdmfnmn9 nr àvu lpmlm eb

znsnlasond$ nemf eb fsnpnun oap n drm Cvbvfr vnr eb zrdapbsrd oap nd drm Bomd Caf,

Fnoznlmn bdbfuasnd aldmlb lr nsb lbpamb eb sbvrsvb dn `bd eb onsm fn m fbn l

nrema/pmyrnd m nusnkb dn ebycnubsbn zadmumf aldmlb ordm anoblm vmozdm$ nemf

lbmozdmfnm zadmumf, l rson rlas ebycnubsm l slerd nfbvuasn$ zadmumfmnlrd saol n`d

fnsb vrlu eb `nzu easmlbdb ndbkuasrdrm vr, Zrcdmfrd ebpasnuas eb Mlubslbu mlàsonu m


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32

`s znvmrlm zadmumfb bwusbob$ n fmybdnu emvfrsvrd aldmlb nd zadmumfmblmdas$ unwle

obvnibdb bdbfuasndb fb zns lbvbsmanvb asm zadmumfmnlmvub vnr emvzrubdb zadmumfb,

Zadmumfmblmm nr àvu lbpamm v usbnf eb dn pmadbln pbscnd dn rl dmocni onm zalebsnu$

v emvfrub onm ordu ebvzsb zsambfub ebfu v/m nunfb pmsrdblu falusnfnlemenmm,Znsubn zsanvu b f rl cdak pmlb dn znfgbu fr zsaomvmrlbn fnlemenurdrm f pn

falumlrn vml dbkursn fr bdbfuasnurdm v `mb usnlvznsblu, Eml zfnub$ ordub nvu`bd

eb zsaomvmrlm nr àvu lfdfnub mobemnu erz bzrmynsbn oaoblurdrm bdbfuasnd$

vrvmlb emsbfuasrd Vbdblmv$ Esnka Ebgbdbnl$ zblusr Faumemnlrd,

Fu bvub eb cblb`mf rl cdak1 @ansub cblb`mf$ vzrl nlndmumm zadmumfm, @nzurd f

lr nr vunu zsbn ordu zb klersm m nr usbfru zb cdakav`bs zadmumfmblm afuakblnsm$

zsbfro Mal Mdmbvfr$ eboalvusbny f cdakrd lr bvub lronm a faorlmfnsb dn oae$fm m rl oae snzme eb n nirlkb dn bdbfuasnurd uls zb fnsb ndu`bd lr nm fro v/d

ebubsomlm v ub nvfrdub, Lr onm ebzmlym eb irslndmumm vrzbs`mfmndm$ fnsb l kanln erz

umsm m emomlrbny obvnird$ ens lmfm eb zsbvn saolbnvf oakrdmynu, @avurd zsmo/

omlmvusr Nesmnl Lvunvb v/n nzsnu eb nfrybdb eb fasrzmb fnsb m v/nr nerv zb cdakrd

zbsvalnd$ bpmule v nzns dn ubdbpmyas, Lvunvb n sbrmu ear drfsrsm, l zsmord sle$

v/n nesbvnu nvu`bd emsbfu anoblmdas$ l daf v onm usbnf zsml zsbvn usnemmalnd, Zb eb

ndu znsub lv$ fr a nvu`bd eb unfumf$ àvurd zsbombs znsb f eblmksbny obemnm fbbn

fb bvub mozasunlu, B fn m fro rl zadmumfmnl ns vzrlb f zsbvn b fbpn ksbmu$ f

nfazbs lbesbzu drfsrsmdb vnr f bvub fasrzu, B rl drfsr fnsb sbmbvb$ fgmns enf lr

bwzdmfmu$ n nlndmynu fnyrd Irdmb Cnsha$ emsbfuas nd Mlvumurub às Zadmumfv$ Eboafsnf} &

ugb Mlubslbueml VRN,

Onshbumlk zadmumf l bsn emkmund

Onshbumlkrd zadmumf nsb rl sad ebfmvmp l ncasensbn faorlmfsmm zadmumfb, m l

onshbumlkrd zadmumf vb emvfru ebvzsb zadmumfn eb zsaerv, Bwmvu ear ubasmm$ fnsb vunr

dn cnyn zsaervrdrm bdbfuasnd9 ubasmn onwmomysmm paursmdas m ubasmn onwmomysmm

zdrsndmumm, l fnyrd onshbumlkrdrm bdbfuasnd$ faozalblu n onshbumlkrdrm zadmumf$

zsbrd rlrm fnlemenu bvub sbzsbyblunu eb ksnerd eb nffbzunsb n sbvzbfumprdrm fnlemenu$

fnsb ebzmleb eb fsbemcmdmunubn nfbvurmn l slersmdb bdbfuasnurdrm, l zdnl bdbfuasnd$

nfbnvun vb usnerfb zsml rsouansbdb sbfaonlesm9 rl fnlemenu fr a monkmlb crl

usbcrmb v/m `mwbyb rl zsb smemfnu 'v `nf zrmlb zsaomvmrlm-$ smvfle$ l fnyrd l fnsb


26/80

30

omybny a psbob lebdrlknu zb rl zsb vfyru 'ordub zsaomvmrlm falfsbub- v m

ebubsmasbyb monkmlbn$ enuasmu mozavmcmdmumm eb n sbvzbfun uanub nfbvub zsaomvmrlm, l

vfgmoc$ rlrm fnlemenu fnsb nsb a monkmlb lbfasbvzrlyuansb lr m pn àdavm dn lmomf v

zsnfumfb rl zsb smemfnu 'zsaomvmrlm zrmlb-$ ebansbfb nfbnvu unfumf lr nsb fro vfalusmcrmb dn ocrlumsbn monkmlmm vndb,

Zrcdmfmunubn zadmumf favu ercdr `n eb zrcdmfmunubn asmfsrm zsaerv faobsfmnd,

Vzbfmndmumm l onshbumlk zadmumf vrlu zrmlm$ mns fbm onm crlm sbrbvf v ple `s

zsacdbob rl ao zadmumf$ zsazrdvler/d zsmons$ ebzrunu$ vblnuas vnr zsbbemlub nd

Saolmbm, l umoz fb zadmumfmblmm saolm vb klebnr f bdbfuasnurdrm saol m/ns zsmleb

onm cmlb a fnoznlmb eb umzrd omumubdrd$ cbsbnm orymfn zazrdns$ vzbfmndmvurd GGGGGZgmd

LacdbGGGGG

$ falvmdmbsrd zblusr fnoznlmn aldmlb n drm Acnon vrvmlb fm enf eans 2:"emlusb paunlmm saolm vrlu falbfunm dn Mlubslbu$ nffblurd ns usbcrm v vb zrl zb

falunfurd aldmlb fr umlbsmm$ l zsbyblu lbmlubsbvnm eb zadmumf$ ens fnsb pas falvumurm

bdbfuasnurd eb cny eb zbvub fmpn nlm, Vrffbvrd vb ovans l fm anoblm mlus zb

vmub/rd ur$ l fub nesbvb eb b/onmd nm$ l fm zsmbublm nm l sbbdbdb vafmndb aldmlb$ l

fub b/onmd/rsm usmomm$ l fb usn`mf nm, Eb nfbbn$ sbbdbdb vafmndb aldmlb zau `m znkmlm eb

fnoznlmb lba`mfmndb fb zau vuslkb onm ordub mozsbvmm m azmlmm vnr zau zsbyblun rl

fnlemenu ordu onm zb dnsk ebfu lus/a umsb vnr rl sbzasuni obemn,

l 3::5$ l fnoznlmn bdbfuasnd aldmlb eml Saolmn n npru rl zsafblu eb eans

7"$ lv l 3::=$ nfbvun n fsbvfru vmomuas, Enf l VRN Acnon n nirlv zsbbemlub

zsmlus/a faorlmfnsb ànsub crl l aldmlb$ nlndmumm zadmumfm saolm vrvml f l

Saolmn nfbvu drfsr vb pn zrubn luozdn lronm nurlfm fle ndbkbsmdb vb pas

ebv`rsn zb Mlubslbu, Ens$ zadmumfmblmm saolm lbkdmibny `nzurd f l Saolmn zl l

3:>3$ vb zsbpmymalbny f pn àdavm Mlubslburd zbvub 2:" eml zazrdnmb,

Sbbun Acnon n àvu vmozd9 cblb`mfmmle eb omdmanlb eb nesbvb bdbfusalmfb$

acmlrub eb crl/pamb eb dn bdbfuasnu$ bdbfuasnurd bsn mlàsonu aenu fr onvv/obemn

ebvzsb uanub nvzbfubdb fnoznlmbm bdbfuasndb, Eb `nzu$ Acnon n cblb`mfmnu eb rl

onshbumlk zadmumf ànsub crl$ mns sbyrdunurd n àvu zb ovrs9 Acnon n ebpblmu zsmord

zsbbemlub eb frdansb eb dn Fnvn Ndc, Sbbun Acnon n àvu nzdmfnu fr vrffbv m l

ndub sm brsazblb,l Saolmn$ zl fle vzbfmndmumm l onshbumlk zadmumf lr lbdbk

mozasunln faorlmfsmm aldmlb$ zadmumfmnlrd saol pnnpbn fn vusnubkmb eb onshbumlk

omumubdrd$ cbsbn m orymfn zazrdns,


27/80

3;

Fnoznlmn bdbfuasnd aldmlb

Zb dlk obuaebdb fdnvmfb eb mlàsonsb$ ymnsb$ snema m ubdbpmymrlb$ nr nzsru

obuaeb ndubslnumpb eb faorlmfnsb zsbfro Mlubslburd$ fnsb m vzrl frplurd lvrffbvrd fnoznlmmdas zadmumfb, Ga{nse Ebnl$ rlrd emlusb fnlemenmm zaublmndm nm

Znsumerdrm Eboafsnu zblusr zsbbemlmn VRN l 3::5$ n àdavmu Mlubslburd zblusr n/m

nusnkb zb ndbknuasmm umlbsm$ zblusr n/m mlàson$ ensm zblusr n vuslkb àlersm zblusr

fnoznlmn vn bdbfuasnd, Fr niruasrd vmub/rdrm eb {bc Obburz,fao$ vun``/rd eb

fnoznlmb n drm Ebnl n asknlmynu ludlmsm fr vmoznumynlmm vm, lv$ `s emvfrmm$ fbn

onm sbrmu fnoznlmb bdbfuasnd aldmlb$ usnlvzrv rdubsmasm l ndub sm$ n àvu fbn n

nfurndrdrm zsbbemlub nobsmfnl$ Cnsnfh Acnon, Nlndmumm zadmumfm vrcdmlmny f lr nàvu zsmon fnoznlmb bdbfuasnd eb nfbvu umz m uaurm v/n crfrsnu eb rl onsb vrffbv,

Lr bvub zsmord fnlemenu fnsb n àdavmu Mlubslburd$ ens vrffbvrd vr d/n ebzmu

zb fbd nd asmfsrm ndu fnlemenu$ mlfdrvmp Ga{nse Ebnl, Cnsnfh Acnon n àdavmu

Mlubslburd zblusr n vuslkb àlersm$ zblusr n/m oacmdmyn zb ndbkuasm$ l vzbfmnd zb fbm

umlbsm m zblusr n vb zsbyblun zb vmlb m zsaksnord zadmumf$ nirlkle aldmlb l asmfb

znsub eml VRN, Vusnubkmmdb vndb eb faorlmfnsb nr bwzdanunu fr ordu vrffbv lamdb

ubgladakmm m vrsvb obemn$ vbolndle lfbzrurd rlbm lam bzafm l faorlmfnsbn zadmumf,

Asmfro$ vzrl nlndmumm zadmumfm$ n àvu rl nfu eb frsni zblusr rl fnlemenu eb frdansb v

nvzmsb dn zsbbemlmn VRN, Uafonm eb nfbbn$ n àdavmu uanub obuaebdb eb faorlmfnsb

zadmumf$ cnyler/vb ordu zb aldmlb, Falvmdmbsmm drm Cnsnfh Acnon nr lfbsfnu v

nusnk bdbfuasnurd uls$ fnsb lr bsn ebdaf mlubsbvnu eb zadmumf, Zblusr nfbvu drfsr

fnlemenurd Cnsnfh Acnon v/n àdavmu m falumlr v vb àdavbnvf eb lbu{ashrsm

vafmndb zsbfro ]arUrcb$ @nfbcaah$ U{muubs$ Cdnfhzdnlbu$ OmKblub$ Kdbb m

O}Vznfb, l nfbvu `bd$ bdbfuasnurd n npru nffbv dn mlàsonmb dn asmfb as n npru umoz v

vubn l `nn faozrubsrdrm$ fbbn fb n falvumurmu rl npnluni blaso `n eb umsmdb snema/

UP fnsb vb em`rybny eans dn nlromub asb$ mns enf uafonm nurlfm zaublmndrd paunlu lr

nsb crln emvzaymmb$ eb bwbozdr$ fn v db nvfrdub$ obvnird vb zmbseb, Znkmln eb {bc n

fnlemenurdrm eboafsnu m mlpmun zb uam fbm fnsb a pmymunr v m dnvb nesbvbdb eb b/

onmd, Falàso rlas vrsvb lba`mfmndb$ dn omidafrd drlmm mrdmb n nlrdrm 3::7 vun``/rd drm

Acnon emvzrlbn eb zbvub 2 omdmanlb eb nesbvb bdbfusalmfb, Faorlmfnsbn zsml b/onmd

bsn emsbfu$ mns fnlemenurd Acnon vb nesbvn zbsvalnd fmumuasrdrm obvnirdrm$ mns nurlfm

fle nr npru daf bpblmoblub mozasunlub l umozrd fnoznlmbm$ fbm fnsb nr vrcvfsmv


28/80

37

dmvubdas eb faorlmfnsb bdbfusalmf nr àvu mlàsonm l nfbdnm umoz fr zsbvn,

Zaublmndrd paunlu v/n vmomu csrvf rl ao mozasunlu$ ebansbfb mlàsonmn nirlkbn dn bd

onm sbzbeb ebfu dn ubdbpmyas vnr l zsbvn vfsmv$ rleb sbenfunsbn umsmdas `fbn fn

obvnird v nirlk onm usymr dn bdbfuasnu,Fnoznlmn bdbfuasnd aldmlb bvub onm mbùml$ ens nsb lbpamb eb sbvrsvb

`mlnlfmnsb, Nlndmyle fnoznlmn bdbfuasnd n fnlemenurdrm Acnon$ v/n falvununu f a

faozalblu mozasunlu l aldmlb n àvu vuslkbsbn eb àlersm zsml mlubsobemrd

Mlubslburdrm, lus/a zbsmane l fnsb bdbfuasnurd bvub uau onm afrznu fr orlfn zb fnsb a

ebzrlb m onm ndbv l VRN$ rleb zdmdb vb `nf `sbfpblu aldmlb$ n àvu ordu onm ras eb

acmlru àlersm zsml nfbnvu obuae, Zsml mlubsobemrd Mlubslburdrm$ fnoznlmn drm

Acnon n nerlnu falusmcrmm clbum vrcvunlmndb, FalàsoCrvmlbvv [bbh$ lnmlub eb nfumkn ndbkbsmdb zsmonsb$ bd sbrmvb v acml eml ealnmm zbvub 2> eb omdmanlb eb

eadnsm, Vun``/rd drm Acnon n ebfdnsnu f 77" eml falusmcrmmdb eb fnoznlmb nr pblmu eml

vrsvb aldmlb, Zblusr n nerln vrob mozasunlub eb cnlm$ vzbfmndmumm aldmlb nr neazunu a

vusnubkmb$ m nlrob zsbyblunsbn fnlemenurdrm zb Mlubslbu bsn zsbvsnu fr dbkursm

bdbfusalmfb fnsb emsbfmalnr fmumuasrd vzsb fblusrd eb ealnmm l cblb`mfmrd fnlemenurdrm,

Nlndmumm zadmumfm znsumfmznlm dn Fal`bsmln mlubslnmalnd eb onshbumlk m faorlmfnsb

zadmumf$ Zadmumfn 3,:$ ebv`rsnu l vbzubocsmb 3::7 dn Crfrsbum m ebemfnu l

bwfdrvmpmunub zadmumfmm l bsn emkmund$ nr falfdrymalnu l rson rlbm nlndmyb n fnoznlmbm

bdbfuasndb aldmlb n drm Cnsnfh Acnon f vrffbvrd vr l ndbkbsm v/n enuasnu

aolmzsbyblbm drm Acnon zb znkmlmdb eb Mlubslbu zazrdnsb l slerd umlbsmdas,Eb `nzu$

[nvgmlkual Zavu d/n eblromu zb Acnon sbkbdb lbu{ashrdrm vafmnd, Enf l

usbfru$ vun``/rd bdbfuasnd nd rlrm fnlemenu zblusr zsbbemlmn VRN ns `m sbnfmalnu

lbknump dn mozdmfnsbn lbmlpmunu n bdbfuasnurdrm$ fnoznlmn drm Acnon n lfrsninu/a

l oae nfump$ àdavmle falusmcrmmdb nfbvuasn l `npansbn fnlemenurdrm, Nlndmumm nr

pblmu fr rl bwbozdr falfsbu9 fdmzrd pmeba Acnon Kmsd fnsb n nzsru zb ]arUrcb,

Cnsnfh Acnon n sbrmu v nusnk eb znsubn vn rl ksrz ml`drblu eb nsumum$ fnsb vb

crfrsnr eb a dnsk zazrdnsmunub l slerd umlbsmdas nobsmfnlm, Rlmm nsumum nr àdavmu

monkmlbn fnlemenurdrm Acnon l zmbvb orymfndb fr obvni zadmumf$ zsbfro ]bv [b

Fnl$ fnsb n nzsru uau zb ]arUrcb,


29/80

3=

Zrcdmfmunubn zadmumf

Zrcdmfmunubn bvub l ymdbdb lanvusb a faozalblu onias n fnoznlmmdas

bdbfuasndb m zsml rsonsb nsb a onsb ml`drbl nvrzsn zsafbvrdrm eboafsnumf l vmlb,Zadmumfn vb sb`bs dn fmlb$ fb acmlb$ flem fro acmlb$ vfsmn Gnsade Dnvv{bdd, M l

nlrd >=60, Erz nzsanzb rl vbfad$ no zrubn vzrlb f mlempmymm m ksrzrsmdb acml fbbn

fb easbvf zsml nfmrlmdb das m ndb nduasn eb umz zadmumf$ enuasmu oaerdrm l fnsb bvub

vusrfursnu vafmbunubn dn rl oaoblu enu zsml sbkrdmdb m falpblmmdb fb krpbslbny

oaendmumdb nffbzunub eb nfmrlb, Vusnubkmmdb eb obemnumynsb m fal`bs zbsvalnirdrm

zadmumf pmymcmdmunub l vznmrd zrcdmf, Zrcdmfmunubn zadmumf e fnlemenmdas zavmcmdmunubn

eb n/m `nfb frlavfrub azmlmmdb dbknub eb empbsvb zsacdbob,l rdumon zbsmane zrcdmfmunubn zadmumf bvub bwusbo eb empbsvm`mfnu9 eb dn

zdmnlub$ n`mb$ vzaursm snema/up$ bomvmrlm$ ebycnubsm$ obvb saurleb zl dn cdakrsm zb

Mlubslbu, Fnlemenmm rumdmybny rlbasm zrcdmfmunubn zblusr n svzrleb dapmursmdas enub

eb falusnfnlemenmm das, Enuasmu favursmdas ànsub onsm ndb zrcdmfmumm UP$ fnoznlmmdb

bdbfuasndb nr ebpblmu ànsub favumvmuansb acdmkle nvu`bd fnlemenmm v vuslk cnlm fgmns

m erz fb nr àvu ndbm, Vb zanub vzrlb f nfbvu drfsr zrlb l zbsmfad zsafbvrd

eboafsnumf ebansbfb fbm ndbm pas npbn nlromub acdmknmm `n eb fbm fnsb nr falusmcrmu

`mlnlfmns dn fnoznlmmdb das bdbfuasndb, V/n zsazrv dn rl oaoblu enu fn sbfdnobdb

zadmumfb v `mb usnlvomvb ksnurmu$ ens ubdbpmymrlmdb m zavursmdb eb snema v/nr azrv fr

pbgbobl, Fsmumfmdb sb`bsmuansb dn zrcdmfmunubn zadmumf onm n`mso `nzurd f l rdumomm

nlm rl vzau UP eb 6: eb vbfrleb n ebpblmu onm mozasunlu lus/a fnoznlmb bdbfuasnd

ebfu a emvfrmb zb nlromub zsacdbob, Fn sbyrdunu paunlmm vrlu caocnsenm fr sbfdnob

l daf v dm vb `nf frlavfrub zsbsmdb fnlemenmdas m zsambfubdb das fr zsmpmsb dn

zsacdbobdb mozasunlub ndb smm, Eml nfbvu zrlfu eb pbebsb fnlemenmm ml v vb nvboblb

eml fb l fb onm ordu fr rl zsaerv fnsb vb lfbnsf n `m pleru fu onm cmlb,

Vb bvumobny f obuaen zrcdmfmumm zadmumfb n lfbzru l Vunubdb Rlmub l umozrd

fnoznlmbm zsbymeblmndb eml >=23 n drm Bmvblga{bs$ zsmord fnsb n àdavmu vzaursmdb

zrcdmfmunsb l zadmumf, Eb nurlfm$ omfnsbn v/n nffbdbsnu falumlrr, l umozrd ndbkbsmdas

zsbymeblmndb eml >=77$ Inf~rbv Fgmsnf n rumdmynu$ eb bwbozdr$ oaebdrd onshbumlk l

vusnubkmn vn eb n`mni bdbfuasnd$ falvmebsnu uau fn rl oaebd eb zrcdmfmunub zadmumf,

Falvmdmbsmm drm nr mlvmvunu onm lum zb emvzalmcmdmumdb vndb zvmgadakmfb$ nemf znvmrlb/

frsni/paml$ nzam zb fnznfmumdb vndb eb n lbdbkb m eb n nfmaln m$ l v`smu$ zb


30/80

6:

pamln vn eb n nffbeb dn zrubsb$ ozsbrl pao obskb onm ebznsub, Nfbnvu

fnoznlmb eb n`mni n àvu falfbzru zb zsmlfmzmrd zrcdmfmumm l usbm pndrsm vrffbvmpb m

pmyn$ lnmlub eb asmfb$ v a`bsb a monkmlb fabsblu ebvzsb fnlemenu, Rl ndu oae eb

zrcdmfmunub zadmumf$ fr sbyrdunub rlbasm crlb$ bvub àdavmsbn obvnibdas vrcdmomlndb,Mvubsmn obvnibdas zrcdmfmunsb vrcdmomlndb n àvu dnlvnu l >=2;$ fle fbsfbuuasrd eml

eaoblmrd onshbumlkrdrm Inobv Pmfns} n vrvmlru f n sbrmu v ovansb ml`drbln rlas

nvu`bd eb vbolndb nvrzsn falvronuasrdrm, Pmfns} n nlrlnu f n falerv rl ubvu fb n

ersnu nvb vzuolm l @asu Dbb$ Lb{ Ibsvb}$ lus/rl fmlbonuaksn`, l umozrd

em`rysmm `mdordrm Zmflmf$ Pmfns} ns `m àdavmu rl zsambfuas fb mlvbsn fnesb fr a

ersnu eb >!6,::: eb vbfrleb l fnsb nzsbnr obvnibdb Cbm Fafn/Fadn m P b

ànob1 Olfnm zazfasl$ dn mlubspnd eb fub 2 vbfrleb, Pmfns} vrvmlbn f ubvurd vrv/n vadenu fr a fsbubsb n plysmm eb zazfasl m Fafn/Fadn fr 2;$7"$ sbvzbfump

>7$>", Zrcdmfnsbn nfbvuas sbyrdunub n ebfdnlnu rl moblv vfnlend obemnumf$ mns l >=27

ubdbpmymrlmdb nr mlubsymv rumdmynsbn eb obvnib vrcdmomlndb, Zadmumfmblmm àdavbvf l

falumlrnsb obvnibdb vrcdmomlndb l lfbsfnsbn eb n ml`drbln zrcdmfrd, l umozrd

fnoznlmbm zsbymeblmndb eml 3:::$ eml VRN$ rl vzau zblusr fnlemenurd Kbaskb [,

Crvg fsmumfn zdnlrd drm Nd Kasb eb nfasensb n obemfnoblubdas zblusr cuslm, l vzau

nzsbn `snyn9 Ugb Kasb zsbvfsmzumal zdnl9 Crsbnrfsnuv ebfmeb 'Zdnlrd Kasb zblusr

obemfnoblub9 cmsafsnmm ebfme-, Zblusr zrml umoz nzsbn zb bfsnl `mlndrd frplurdrm

crsbnrfsnuv snuv 'acadnlm- / `fle nvu`bd a dbkurs eb`npasncmd lusb

fnlemenurd eboafsnu m nlmondbdb nuu eb rsub eb zazrdnmb, Nruasmumdb nr fbsfbunu

nfbvu vzau `s n ebfmeb lv psba vnlfmrlb, Kbaskb [, Crvg n sbvzmlv nfrynmmdb fn

`mmle a zsavumb$ ens fsbnuasrd vzaurdrm$ erz fb n lbknu f obvnird ns `m nzsru l oae

pamu$ n sbfrlavfru erz fmpn nlm f bsn pascn eb rl usrf zblusr n nusnkb nublmn

ndbkuasmdas, Monkmlmdb vrcdmomlndb nr àvu àdavmub m eb fusb zadmumfmblmm brsazblm, l

>=77$ lnmlub eb sbndbkbsbn zsbbemlubdrm @snlbm$ @snlamv Omuubssnle$ a monkmlb

vrcdmomlnd fr nfbvu zadmumfmnl n àvu mlvbsnu l ebvfgmebsbn crdbumlrdrm eb umsm eb zb

fnlndrd lnmalnd, Monkmlbn n àvu em`rynu umoz eb onm ordub ymdb,

Rl zadmumfmnl vb pmleb onm vfroz fn rl mnrsu

Zblusr rl zaublmnd fnlemenu$ zrcdmfmunubn lfbzb fr ordu umoz lnmlub eb

ebfdnsnsbn a`mfmnd n mlublmbm eb n fnlemen zblusr a nlromu `rlfmb zadmumf, Vusnubkmm


31/80

6>

m falvmdmbsmm vuncmdbvf bwnfu oaerd eb n/d pmleb fr vrffbv zb zadmumfmnlrd das

bdbfuasnurdrm, Nlndmyn bvub `nyn fbn onm mozasunlu l bdncasnsbn vusnubkmbm, A zsanvu

bpndrnsb 'vmurnmn bwmvublu$ azmlmmdb zrcdmfb$ vmurnmn vafma/zadmumf$ buf,- erfb dn

falfdrymm bsalnub m sbfaonlesm ksbmub, Vrsvn eb mlàsonmb usbcrmb v `mb l zsmordsle zbsvalnird, Emvfrmn fr fbd l fnry vb ebvàns erz sbkrdn rlrm mlubsaknuasmr$

ens lr usbcrmb v `mb mlfgmymuasmnd m rlbasm zanub fzun m nffblub eb beml eb

zvmgnlndmy, Fbdbdndub vrlu vrsvb ebvfgmvb9 zsbvn vfsmv$ nrema$ ubdbpmymrlm$ cdakrsm$

àsrorsm$ vmub/rsm, Vuncmdmsbn zrcdmfrdrm mlu mozrlb eb nvboblbn vbdbfunsbn

mlvusroblubdas eb onshbumlk, lus/rl `bd vb fsbbny fnoznlmn eb monkmlb$ l ndu oae

vb ncasebny a fnoznlmb eb mozrlbsb n rlbm mebm fnsb zanub v lr vb crfrsb eb

vmoznumn zazrdns$ ens fnsb b lbfbvns, l nfbvu rdumo fny zanub `m enu bwbozdrlfgmebsbn vafmbumdas faobsfmndb lbsbluncmdb l krpbslnsbn >==0 / 3:::$ ovrs

mozrv eb vunsbn bfalaombm$ ens zsavu kbvumalnu eml zrlfu eb pbebsb nd monkmlmm$

erfle dn zmbsebsbn ndbkbsmdas eb fusb FES m emvznsmmn ZLFE eml Znsdnoblurd

Saolmbm, l kblbsnd$ fnlemenurd usbcrmb ànsub cmlb nlndmynu$ mns vusnubkmn nzdmfnu v/m

vfanu l bpmeblzrlfubdb unsm$ fnsb v/d ple ànsub cmlb, A zrcdmfmunub crl$

n`mb fnsb v nusnk bdbfuasnurd m fdmzrsm zsa`bvmalmvub zau erfb dn rl sbyrdunu crl fgmns

enf fbd zsaoapnu$ zadmumfmnlrd$ lr bvub fnlemenurd mebnd, Ens$ fu favu zrcdmfmunubn

zadmumf1 Eb acmfbm$ ercdr `n eb zrcdmfmunubn fnsb vb `nfb asmfsrm zsaerv faobsfmnd,

Nmfm vb drfsbny fr anoblm, Pmlebo zsnfumf zsaervrd fnsb zanub v `mb ebzrunu$

vblnuas$ zsmons$ ebfm vusnubkmmdbm zrcdmfmunubn em`bs eb bwbozdr eb plynsbn rlrm

mnrsu$ n ebfdnsnu emsbfuasrd rlbm `msob eb falvrdunl m zrcdmfmunub, Bvub ordu onm

ksbr vpmlym rl fnlemenu$ fnsb eb ordub asm lmfm lr/m nvfrdu falvrdunlurd m bwmvu

smvfrd fn obvnird eml fdmzrsmdb zrcdmfmunsb m n`mb$ luafomub zblusr n nusnkb paursm v

em`bsb eb ebfdnsnmmdb zadmumfmnlrdrm drnu eb pnd l `nn rlas irslndmum, Fbm onm

npnluninm vrlu zadmumfmblmm fnsb nr l vznub rl znsume n`dnu zb pnd, Nzns l obemn$

vrlu mlpmunm dn em`bsmub ebycnubsm m bdbfuasnurd m frlanub onm ras, Ens$ rl fnlemenu

mlebzbleblu nirlkb ordu onm ksbr dn zavmcmdmunubn eb n/m `nfb zrcdmfmunub zadmumf$

zblusr f bn favu ànsub ordu, Fnoznlmn favu$ nznsm enf nm cnlm, Ebfm$ rl

mlebzbleblu `s sbvrsvbdb rlrm znsume l vznub m zbsomub zrmlb lus/a fnoznlmb, Nsb

eml vunsu rl onsb gnlemfnz l `nn nepbsvnsmdas fr ensb eb ol,


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Zrcdmfmunub zadmumf zblusr Fnvn Ndc

Bfgmzn eb fnoznlmb n fnlemenurdrm eboafsnu dn Fnvn Ndc$ Cnsnfh Acnon$ n

bvumonu m fgmns n fgbdurmu fmlfm omdmanlb eb eadnsm zblusr fdmzrsm zrcdmfmunsb dn zavurdeb ubdbpmymrlb nobsmfnl fnsb n usnlvomv Iafrsmdb Admozdmfb l 3::7, Fdmzrsmdb

zrcdmfmunsb ndb fnlemenurdrm eboafsnu nr àvu em`rynub dn zavurd eb ubdbpmymrlb LCF m

dn `mdmndbdb fnsb nr em`rynu$ eb nvboblbn$ faozbummmdb Iafrsmdas Admozmfb, Nznsb

bpmeblu lusbcnsbn9 bvub Acnon rl zadmumfmnl fnsb vb pmleb ksbr ebansbfb nfbnvun

bvub a vmurnmb ànsub sns$ zanub mlbwmvublu zl nfro$ fn rl fnlemenu v em`rybyb

fdmzrsm zrcdmfmunsb dn lmpbd lnmalnd zb a zbsmane nuu eb drlk, Eb acmfbm$ fnlemenmm

vb ordrobvf v em`rybyb fdmzrsm l vunubdb falvmebsnub fsrfmndb zblusr ndbkbsm, Zausmpmurlbm vafmbum vzbfmndmynub l zrcdmfmunubn zadmumf$ Fnoznmkl Obemn Nlnd}vmv Ksarz$

fnlemenmm l frsvn zblusr zsbbemlmn nobsmfnl nr fgbdurmu l 3::7 zbvub 7:: eb

omdmanlb eb eadnsm lronm zblusr fdmzrsm zrcdmfmunsb, l 3::5$ fnlemenmm nr fgbdurmu l

uaund 2:: eb omdmanlb eb eadnsm zblusr fdmzrsm zrcdmfmunsb, Vrobdb mozdmfnub l

`mlnlnsbn fnoznlmbm bdbfuasndb vrlu nobmuansb, Eb bwbozdr$ fr a irounub eb nl

lnmlub eb ndbkbsmdb eml VRN$ fnlemenurd sbzrcdmfnl emvzrlbn eb 30 eb omdmanlb eb

eadnsm m Cnsnfh Acnon eb ;> eb omdmanlb eb eadnsm$ cnlm zblusr `mlnlnsbn fnoznlmbm,

l `mlnd$ eans zblusr zrcdmfmunub$ eboafsnmm nr fgbdurmu 32: omdmanlb eb eadnsm$ mns

fnoznlmn drm Acnon n favunu nzsanzb rl omdmnse eb eadnsm,

Zrcdmfmunub zadmumf l vmvubo rlmlaomlnd

Zrcdmfmunubn bdbfuasnd bvub favumvmuansb l lusbnkn drob$ ebfm lr sbzsbymlu a

larunub lmfm zblusr zadmumfmblmm saolm vrobdb eb cnlm fnsb vb àdavbvf l fnoznlmmdb

bdbfuasndb, Zblusr f rl ao zadmumf usbcrmb v/m ple monkmlbn zb uau umozrd

onlenurdrm vr$ zsnfumf bd àdavbub zrcdmfmunubn zadmumf eml oaoblurd l fnsb n àvu

ndbv, Falvrdunlmm vm l ZS m zsaoapbny mlmmnumpbdb dbkmvdnumpb vrc àso eb umsm m

faorlmfnub eb zsbv$ m zsaksnobny mlubspmrsm m nznsmmm l bomvmrlm ubdbpmynub rleb

zadmumfmnlrd lfbnsf v dorsbnvf bdbfuasnurd f lr n afrznu zavurd sbvzbfump

ebkbncn,

l frsvrd fnoznlmbm bdbfuasndb zblusr ndbkbsmdb znsdnoblunsb$ zsmon fnoznlmb

zavu/ebfbocsmvu l Saolmn cnynu zb paurd rlmlaomlnd 'zblusr Znsdnoblurd


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Saolmbm-$ zrcdmfmunubn zadmumf n àvu em`bsmu `n eb fnoznlmn zb dmvub eb znsume, l

rson rlrm vuremr nd ebfdnsnmmdas eb npbsb ndb àumdas znsdnoblunsm nseblm 'onlenurd

3::5/3::7-$ rsonu eb fbd nd nfurndmdas znsdnoblunsm nseblm$ rlmm emlusb bm nple

`rlfmm zrcdmfb m lnmlub eb n nirlkb l Znsdnoblu$ ebfm ebfdnsnmm eb npbsb zrcdmfb$ nofalvununu f l rson fnoznlmbm bdbfuasndb eml 3::7 npbsmdb das nr vfyru fr vrob

frzsmlvb lusb 5:,::: m 2:,::: eb brsa, Rlmm m/nr pleru empbsvb crlrsm$ ens fbm onm

ordm nr sbfrsv dn fsbemub cnlfnsb fnsb lr vb sbkvbvf fn mlpbvummm l larn ebfdnsnmb

eb npbsb, Nr àvu fnyrsm eb àum ebzrunm fnsb nr fgbdurmu nfbvub vrob eb cnlm ebkbncn$

`s n nirlkb znsdnoblunsm, Fbd onm unsb crkbu d/n npru Nlesbm Mrfmlr$ fnsb n

fnlemenu zblusr rl zavu eb ebzrunu l Fadbkmrd ; zblusr Fnobsn Ebzrunmdas$ Nsne9

>::,::: eb brsa$ falàso ebfdnsnmmdas rlas obocsm eml falerfbsbn ZVE Nsne$ znsumezblusr fnsb n fnlemenu, Nlesbm Mrfmlr n zmbseru ndbkbsmdb l fadbkmrd vr fr >2$;5"$

`mmle lpmlv eb Mrvuml Fmalfn$ fnsb m/n fumknu onlenurd eml zsmord urs$ fr 23$

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Comunicarea pe internet in campania electorala - LILIANA BRAD TROCAN