COMPUTING: SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENTWritten examination

Thursday 10 November 2016 Reading time: 11.45 am to 12.00 noon (15 minutes) Writing time: 12.00 noon to 2.00 pm (2 hours)

QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK

Structure of bookSection Number of

questionsNumber of questions

to be answeredNumber of

marks

A 20 20 20B 4 4 20C 13 13 60

Total 100

• Studentsarepermittedtobringintotheexaminationroom:pens,pencils,highlighters,erasers,sharpeners,rulersandonescientificcalculator.

• StudentsareNOTpermittedtobringintotheexaminationroom:blanksheetsofpaperand/orcorrectionfluid/tape.

Materials supplied• Questionandanswerbookof21pages.• DetachableinsertcontainingacasestudyforSectionCinthecentrefold.• Answersheetformultiple-choicequestions.

Instructions• Detachtheinsertfromthecentreofthisbookduringreadingtime.• Writeyourstudent numberinthespaceprovidedaboveonthispage.• Checkthatyournameandstudent numberasprintedonyouranswersheetformultiple-choice

questionsarecorrect,andsignyournameinthespaceprovidedtoverifythis.• AllwrittenresponsesmustbeinEnglish.

At the end of the examination• Placetheanswersheetformultiple-choicequestionsinsidethefrontcoverofthisbook.• Youmaykeepthedetachedinsert.

Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room.

©VICTORIANCURRICULUMANDASSESSMENTAUTHORITY2016

SUPERVISOR TO ATTACH PROCESSING LABEL HEREVictorian Certificate of Education 2016

STUDENT NUMBER

Letter

2016SOFTDEVEXAM 2

SECTION A – continued

Question 1Whichspecificdatatypewouldbethemostappropriatetorepresentastreetnumber(forexample,‘5A’)?A. stringB. numericC. BooleanD. decimal

Question 2Intheprocessofsortinganarrayofeightintegersusingthequicksortalgorithm,thefirstpartitioningwiththearrayappearsasfollows.

12 15 11 17 19 22 21 20

Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect?A. Neither17nor19wasthepivot.B. Thepivotwaseither17or19.C. Thepivotwas17,butwasnot19.D. Thepivotwasnot17,butitcouldhavebeen19.

Use the following information to answer Questions 3 and 4.Thefollowingalgorithmhasbeenwritten. Begin Input score If score > 75 Then If score >= 85 Then grade = “A” Else grade = “B” EndIf Else grade = “C” EndIf output grade End

SECTION A – Multiple-choice questions

Instructions for Section AAnswerallquestionsinpencilontheanswersheetprovidedformultiple-choicequestions.Choosetheresponsethatiscorrectorthatbest answersthequestion.Acorrectanswerscores1;anincorrectanswerscores0.Markswillnotbedeductedforincorrectanswers.Nomarkswillbegivenifmorethanoneansweriscompletedforanyquestion.

3 2016SOFTDEVEXAM

SECTION A – continuedTURN OVER

Question 3Thealgorithmneedstobetestedforlogicerrors.Whichofthefollowingsetsoftestdatawouldprovidethebesttestforthealgorithm?A. 0,75,80,84,100B. 75,76,84,85C. 70,75,76,80D. 0,74,84,85

Question 4ThealgorithmcontainsA. proceduresandfunctions.B. proceduresandinstructions.C. controlstructuresandfunctions.D. selectionstatementsandinstructions.

Question 5

Locker Requests

First Name Surname

Student IDFull-time StudentYes No

Whichdatastructurewouldbebesttostorethedatabeingcollectedfromtheformabove?A. fourone-dimensionalarraysB. asinglearrayC. arecordD. alist

Question 6Whenastudentupgradestheiroperatingsystemtoanewversionoftheoperatingsystem,theupdatingsoftwarecreatesanewfoldercalled‘OperatingSystem.old’andcopiessomeofthecomputer’sfilestothatfolder.ThisisanexampleofA. archivingthecomputer’sfiles.B. backingupthecomputer’sfiles.C. cleaningupthecomputer’sfiles.D. creatingextraspaceforthecomputer’sfiles.

2016SOFTDEVEXAM 4

SECTION A – continued

Question 7Thefollowingarrayissortedinascendingorder.

Startingpoint:13,6,64,25,12,22,11,17Afterthethirdpass:6,11,12,25,64,22,13,17

Whattypeofalgorithmisusedtosortthearray?A. quicksortB. bubblesortC. binarysearchD. selectionsort

Question 8Ifsoftwareispurchasedovertheinternet,copiesofthatsoftwarecanbesoldprovidedthatA. thesoftwareisopensource.B. thesoftwarelicenceallowsforthisaction.C. slightchangesaremadetothesoftwarebeforesellingit.D. itexplicitlystatesthatthesoftwareiscopyrightprotected.

Use the following information to answer Questions 9 and 10.Considerthefollowingpieceofpseudocode. Begin Total 0 For i = 0 to len(nums) If nums[i] >= 10 then Total Total + nums[i] EndIf EndFor Display “the value of Total is” Total End

Question 9ThepurposeofthepseudocodeistoA. findthesumofallnumbersinanarraythatarehigherthan10.B. searchfornumbersinanarraythatareequaltoorhigherthan10.C. findthesumofallnumbersinanarraythatareequaltoorlowerthan10.D. findthesumofallnumbersinanarraythatareequaltoorhigherthan10.

Question 10Whenconvertingthepseudocodeintoaprogram,itwouldbeusefultoincludeintheprogrammingcodetheA. designspecifications.B. constraintsofthecode.C. internaldocumentation.D. externaldocumentation.

5 2016SOFTDEVEXAM

SECTION A – continuedTURN OVER

Use the following information to answer Questions 11 and 12.Aphotographerisviewinghigh-qualityphotographsonacomputer.ThephotographsarestoredasJPEGfilesonacentralfileserverandhaveanaveragesizeof2MBeach.

Question 11Howlongwillittakethephotographertodownloadonephotographtoacomputerthathasawirelessconnectionrunningat10megabitspersecond?A. 0.8sB. 1.0sC. 1.2sD. 1.6s

Question 12Thephotographerisconsideringusingawirednetwork.TheadvantagesofawirednetworkcomparedtoawirelessnetworkarethatitisA. fasterandmoresecure.B. fasterandmoreportable.C. moresecureandportable.D. easiertosetupandcheaper.

Question 13Astandaloneapplicationisbeingwrittenforhandhelddevices.Thisapplicationwillstoreallitsdataonthedeviceanddoesnotneedaninternetconnection.Whichtypeofapplicationarchitecturewouldbebesttouse?A. mobileB. richclientC. thinclientD. peer-to-peer

Question 14XMLstandsforextensiblemark-uplanguage.Whichoneofthefollowingistrue?A. AnXMLdatafileisdesignedtoonlydisplaydataonawebpage.B. AnXMLdatafilewillworkasexpectedifsomedataismodified.C. AnXMLdatafilewillneverworkasexpectedifsomedataismodified.D. AnXMLdatafileisinterchangeablewithanHTMLfilebecausetheyarebothmark-uplanguages.

Question 15Intaiswritinganewapplicationforasmallbicyclecompanysoitsstaffcanusetheirmobilephonestoaccessthestockinformationstoredonthecompany’sfileserver.Inthecompany,thereisamanagerandfourpeoplewhosellthebicycles.Theyallusedifferentbrandsofmobilephones.Tohelpherwithwritingthesoftwarerequirementsspecifications(SRS),IntashouldA. interviewallthosewhowillusethenewapplication.B. sendoutasurveytothemanagerandoneotherstaffmember.C. observeoneofthosewhowillusethenewapplicationatwork.D. surveysomeofthepeoplewhohaveboughtbicyclesfromthecompany.

2016SOFTDEVEXAM 6

END OF SECTION A

Question 16JustasToniwasreturningtohercarintheshoppingcentrecarpark,shewitnessedanothercarreverseintohercaranddriveoff.Shequicklytookaphotographofthecarwithhermobilephone,capturingtheregistrationnumber.Tonicontactedherinsurancecompanytolodgeaclaim.Shesuppliedtheregistrationnumber,butwastoldshealsoneededthedriver’snameandhomeaddressinordertomakeasuccessfulclaim.ThisinformationisonlyheldbyVicRoads,theVictoriangovernmentagencyresponsibleforissuingdrivers’licences.ShecontactedVicRoads,butwastoldshecouldnothavethisinformation.InaccordancewithwhichActistheprivacyofVictoriandriver’slicenceholders’informationprotected?A. Privacy Act 1988B. Health Records Act 2001C. Privacy and Data Protection Act 2014D. Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006

Question 17Whichoneofthefollowingcorrectlyidentifiesfeaturesoftypechecking?A. checksifonlylettersareenteredintoafieldandifthetextisspeltcorrectlyB. checksifdataenteredalreadyexistsinthedatabaseandifthedataisreasonableC. checksifanumberisenteredintoanumericfieldandifthenumberiswithinasetrangeD. checksifnumbersareenteredintoanumericfieldandiflettersareenteredintoatextfield

Question 18Adataflowdiagramcanbeusedasatoolwhendesigningsoftware.DataflowdiagramsmustalwaysshowA. thedecisionsthataremadewhensub-modulesarecalled.B. thesequenceoftasksinvolvedincompletingaproject.C. wheredataoriginatesandwhereitisstored.D. thespecificdataflowsbetweenprocesses.

Question 19Someofthevariablesinaprogramaretobegivennewnames.Whichdocumentationmustalsobemodified?A. softwarerequirementsdefinitionsB. milestonesanddependenciesC. datadictionarydefinitionsD. functionalrequirements

Question 20Alocalshoppingcentreisconsideringprovidingfreewi-fiforitscustomers.Whichoneofthefollowingwouldbeanon-functionalrequirementforitsnewsystem?A. Thesystemmusthaveafailurerateoflessthan3%.B. Thesystemmustbeeasyforcustomerstoconnectto.C. Thesystemmustbeabletocopewith500simultaneoususers.D. Thesystemmusthaveaspeedofatleast5megabitspersecond.

7 2016SOFTDEVEXAM

SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER

Question 1 (3marks)Acompanystoresthefollowingdatainalinearfileforitspayroll.

<company> <name>Fireplace Enterprises</name> <staffid=“1001”> <staffname>Sue Jenkins</staffname> <salary>120000</salary> </staffid> <staffid=“1002”> <staffname>Mark Adimos</staffname> <salary>120000</salary> </staffid> </company>

Namethreefieldscontainedinthisfile.

1.

2.

3.

SECTION B – Short-answer questions

Instructions for Section BAnswerallquestionsinthespacesprovided.

2016SOFTDEVEXAM 8

SECTION B – continued

Question 2 (6marks)Agovernmentdepartmenthasbeenissuingnewemployeeswithasequentialemployeenumberforover 70years.Thesequentialemployeenumbersarenowatjustunder100000andthedepartmentwouldliketoknowwhohasthesmallestnumberandisstillworkingforthedepartment.AfilehasbeencreatedoftheEmployeeNameandtheEmployeeNumbersortedonEmployeeName.Theplanistowriteasimpleprogramtosearchthisfileforthesmallestnumber.Thepseudocodehasbeenstarted.

Fillinthemissinglinesbelowtofindtheemployeewiththesmallestnumberandtoprintthisemployee’snameandnumber.

Begin LowestEmployeeName “” LowestEmployeeNumber 100000

End

9 2016SOFTDEVEXAM

SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER

Question 3 (6marks)Tofindaniteminanarray,abinarysearch,inmostcases,isquickerthanalinearsearch.However,abinarysearchrequiresthearraytobesorted.

a. Explainwhyanarraymustbesortedtofindarecordusingabinarysearchandhowtherecordisfound. 4marks

b. Alinearsearch,unlikeabinarysearch,canfindrecordsinanunsortedarray.

Explainwhy. 2marks

2016SOFTDEVEXAM 10

END OF SECTION B

Question 4 (5marks)Ahashfunctionhasbeencreatedtostoreasetofdifferentintegersinanarray.Thehashfunctioncreatesakeyvaluefromtheinteger.Thehashfunctiontakestheintegertobestored,dividestheintegerby5andusestheremainderasanindexvalue.Forexample,ifthefirstintegeris11,then11dividedby5givesaremainderof1.Thisbecomesthehashkey.Whenacollisionoccursbecausetwointegershashtothesamearraylocation,thesecondintegerisplacedinthenextavailablespaceunderthehashkey.Thenumberstobestoredviathehashfunctionare:11,17,23,8,13.Thenumber11hasalreadybeenentered.

a. Completethediagrambelow. 4marks

[0] [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]

11

b. Outlinehowavalueisretrievedusingahashkey. 1mark

11 2016SOFTDEVEXAM

SECTION C – continuedTURN OVER

PatelandJanetteselectasoftwaredevelopmentcompanytodevelopboththenewKeepFitapplication(app)fortheirpatients’mobiledevicesaswellasnewcommunicationssoftwarefortheirSoul&BodyHealthsystemtoenabletheKeepFitapptocommunicatewiththeirexistingsoftware.

Question 1 (5marks)Sue-Lee,theprojectmanager,beginstoplantheproject.Shedecidestousetwoprogrammingteams.Towrite,testanddebugtheKeepFitappforthemobiledeviceswilltakeabout25days.Towrite,testanddebugthenewSoul&BodyHealthcommunicationssoftwarewilltakeabout30days.ThentheywillneedtotestthattheKeepFitappcancommunicatewiththeSoul&BodyHealthsoftware.Thisshouldtakeaboutfivedays.ThenextstepwouldbetodemonstratetheentiresystemtoJanetteandPatel,andtomakemodifications.Thisshouldtakeanotherfivedays.Thentheywouldneedtoinstallthenewsoftwareontheserverattheclinicandtestitusingtheapp,whichwouldtakeanotherfivedays.ThatgivesSue-Leeatotalof70days.

a. CompletetheGanttchartbelowtoshowSue-Leehowtocompletetheprojectinfewerthan70days. 4marks

DaysTask 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50Write,testanddebugtheappforthemobiledevices.

Write,testanddebugtheSoul&BodyHealthsoftware.TestthattheappcommunicateswiththeSoul&BodyHealthsoftware.DemonstratetheentiresystemtoJanetteandPatel,andmakechanges.InstallthenewsoftwareontheSoul&BodyHealthsystem.

b. Nameonemilestonefortheproject. 1mark

SECTION C – Case study

Instructions for Section CPleaseremovetheinsertfromthecentreofthisbookduringreadingtime.Usethecasestudyprovidedintheinserttoanswerthequestionsinthissection.Answersmustapplytothecasestudy.Answerallquestionsinthespacesprovided.

2016SOFTDEVEXAM 12

SECTION C – continued

Question 2 (2marks)Sue-Leebeginstoplanthesoftwarerequirementsspecifications(SRS).SheunderstandsthatshewillneedtofollowthegoalsandobjectivesofSoul&BodyHealth.

Apartfromfinancialconsiderations,stateoneorganisationalgoalandonesystemobjective.

Organisationalgoal

Systemobjective

13 2016SOFTDEVEXAM

SECTION C – continuedTURN OVER

Question 3 (3marks)Sue-LeenowbeginstoprepareausecasediagramfortheKeepFitapp.Apatientshouldbeabletologinand:• checktheavailabilityofappointments• makeanappointment• cancelanappointment• payanyfeesthataredue• changepersonaldata• downloadtheirownKeepFitdata.

Completetheusecasediagrambelowbyindicatingalloftherequirements.

bookappointment

cancelappointment

log in

Patient system

checkavailability

changepersonaldetails

make apayment

connect tofitness database

<<includes>>

<<includes>>

patient

<<includes>>

2016SOFTDEVEXAM 14

SECTION C – continued

Question 4 (4marks)PatelandJanettehaveaskedthedeveloperstotakeasimpleapproachtothedesignoftheKeepFitapp.Theywanterror-handlingfeatures,simplenavigationbetweenthecomponentsofthesolution,andacleanandclearinterfacethatallowsforeasydataentryregardlessofthedevice.Theyalsowantittobeinterestingtolookat.Sue-Leehasdevelopedtwodesignideasfortheapp.Eachdesignideaincludesastartscreenandoneofthedataentryscreens.Thedesignideasareshownbelow.

Design idea A Design idea B

a. Describeonefeatureofeachdesignideathatcontributestoitseffectiveness. 2marks

FeatureofDesignideaA

FeatureofDesignideaB

b. Whichdesignideawouldyouchoosebasedonthestatedrequirements?Justifyyourchoice. 2marks

15 2016SOFTDEVEXAM

SECTION C – continuedTURN OVER

Question 5 (3marks)Sue-LeealsolooksattheflowofdatatoandfromtheKeepFitappandtheSoul&BodyHealthsystembystartingtodrawacontextdiagram.

Continuethecontextdiagrambelowbynamingthethree entitiesandshowingonedataflowfromeachentity.

Soul & BodyHealth system

Question 6 (4marks)TheKeepFitappwillrequireaccesstothekilojoulecontentofalargeselectionoffoods.Ethan,amemberofthesoftwaredevelopmentteam,suggeststhatthisdatabestoredonthemobiledevicewheretheappisinstalled.Sue-LeefeelsthatthedatashouldbestoredcentrallyattheSoul&BodyHealthheadofficeandaccessedovertheinternet.

a. StatetwoadvantagesofEthan’smethod. 2marks

1.

2.

b. StatetwoadvantagesofSue-Lee’smethod. 2marks

1.

2.

2016SOFTDEVEXAM 16

SECTION C – continued

Question 7 (9marks)ThesystemattheSoul&BodyHealthheadofficewillneedtostoresensitiveinformation.

a. Identifyoneappropriatesecuritymeasurethatcouldprotectthisdataandexplainhowthemeasurewouldprotectthedata. 3marks

b. Describeonebackupprocedurethatcouldbeusedtobackupthisdata.Makereferencetothetechniqueusedandthefrequencyofthebackupprocedure. 3marks

c. IthasbeensuggestedthatpatientswhohavenotvisitedSoul&BodyHealthforoverfiveyearsshouldhavetheirrecordsarchived.

Explainwhatismeantbyarchivingandprovideoneadvantageofarchivingrecords. 3marks

17 2016SOFTDEVEXAM

SECTION C – continuedTURN OVER

Question 8 (5marks)ThenewsoftwareforSoul&BodyHealth’ssystemwillbereceivingsensitiveinformationfromthenewKeepFitappfromallofthepatients.Sue-Leeisinvestigatinghowthemobiledevicescouldsendthisinformationassecurelyaspossible.Todothis,sheisexploringtheuseofprotocols.

a. Apartfromthepatient’sname,listtwodifferentpiecesofsensitiveinformationthatthenewsoftwarewillneedtokeepsecure. 2marks

b. Identifyasuitableprotocolforsecuringthissensitiveinformationandexplainhowtheprotocolachievesthis. 3marks

2016SOFTDEVEXAM 18

SECTION C – continued

Question 9 (5marks)AcommercialsoftwarecompanyhascontactedPatelwithaproposalaboutsomenewlydevelopedsoftwarethatissuitableforSoul&BodyHealth’ssystem.Thesoftwarewouldsearchthedataandprovideextrainformationaboutthepatients,whichcouldhelpSoul&BodyHealthimproveitsbusiness.

a. Whatisthisprocesscalled? 1mark

b. ThesoftwarecompanyiswillingtoloaditssoftwareontoSoul&BodyHealth’ssystemsoitcanprovideinformationautomatically.PatelisconcernedabouthowthisnewsoftwarewillaffecttherestofSoul&BodyHealth’ssystem.

DiscusstwotechnicalissuesPatelshouldinvestigatebeforemakingadecisionregardingtheoffer. 4marks

1.

2.

Question 10 (3marks)Patelhasquestionsabouttheuseofpatientinformation.HeisconcernedaboutwhoownsthepatientinformationstoredonSoul&BodyHealth’ssystemandwhathislegalobligationsareconcerningthisinformation.

OutlinethreeactionsthatPatelshouldtaketoensurethathemeetsSoul&BodyHealth’slegalobligationsbeforepurchasingthesoftware.

1.

2.

3.

19 2016SOFTDEVEXAM

SECTION C – continuedTURN OVER

Question 11 (4marks)

1 J O H N S M I T H

1 1 / 2 0 1 7

Soul&BodyHealth’snewsoftwarewillbeabletoconnecttothenationalhealthcaresystemsothatpatienthealthcarenumberscanbeverified.Sue-LeewouldliketobeabletocheckthatthedatathatwillbeusedbySoul&BodyHealth’snewsoftwarehasintegrity.

ListtwocharacteristicsofdatathathasintegrityandexplainonemethodSue-Leecouldusetochecktheintegrityofthedata.(Ahealthcarenumbercontains10digits,asshownonthecardabove.)

Characteristic1

Characteristic2

Explanation

2016SOFTDEVEXAM 20

SECTION C – Question 12–continued

Question 12 (8marks)TheKeepFitappwillrecordallexercisethatapatientdoesandcalculatetheenergyused.Itwillgivethepatientachoiceofexercisestyleandthenaskquestionssuchasdistancetravelledandhowmuchtimetheexercisetook.Oneexercisethatcanbeselectedisrunning.Theapptakesintoaccountthepatient’sweightandanyotherspecialfactorsinadisabilityindexthataphysiotherapistcanset.Thepatient’saveragespeedcanbecalculatedbydividingthedistancecoveredbythetimetaken.Thealgorithmtodothisiscomplicatedandwillworkproperlyonlyforspeedsgreaterthan1km/handlessthan30km/h.Thisisconsideredasatisfactoryrange.

a. Itisnecessarytomakesurethatthespeediswithintheselimits.

Whatisthisinputtestingcalled? 1mark

b. Sue-Leehaswrittenthefollowingpseudocodetocheckthatthespeedmeetsthisrange.

Begin ValidSpeed False If Speed >= 1 And Speed <= 30 Then ValidSpeed True EndIf End

Completethefollowingtestdatatabletofullytestthispseudocode. 4marks

Test no.

Test data

Expected results Actual results

1 20 ValidSpeed=True ValidSpeed=True

2

3

4

5

c. Whatistheinvalidresponseproducedbythepseudocodegiveninpart b.? 1mark

21 2016SOFTDEVEXAM

END OF QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK

d. Rewritethepseudocodegiveninpart b.sothatitworkscorrectly. 2marks

Question 13 (5marks)Attheendofeachday,thefederalgovernmentrequiresasummaryofwhohasbeentreatedunderitshealthplansandwhattreatmenttheyreceived.Sue-Leewasoriginallygoingtosendthisdatainasimplefileorganisedonthebasisofwhendatawascreated.NowshehasfoundoutthatanXMLfileisrequired.

a. Intermsofthestructureofthefile,whatadvantagesdoesanXMLfilehaveoverasimplefile? 2marks

b. Thefederalgovernmentrequiresthetransmissionofthisfileviaavirtualprivatenetwork(VPN).

ExplainoneadvantageofusingaVPNoveranotherformoftransmission. 3marks

TURN OVER

1 2016 SOFTDEV INSERT

Insert for Section C – Case studyPlease remove from the centre of this book during reading time.

2016 SOFTDEV INSERT 2

ThIS page IS blank

3 2016 SOFTDEV INSERT

END OF INSERT

Patel and Janette started a small, suburban physiotherapy clinic. They both have a professional interest in a holistic approach1 to health and wellbeing.Business has been steady, so Patel and Janette decided to expand the number of clinics and have established four clinics around the state. They have called their business ‘Soul & Body Health’.One of the clinics has become their head office and it contains their fileserver and the commercial medical software required to keep patient records, both medical and financial.There is also a connection to the national healthcare system so that rebates2 may be claimed from the government. The commercial medical software also allows Soul & Body Health to upload other data files to the healthcare system.The other three clinics use virtual private network (VPN) connections to the head office.Patel and Janette feel that they can improve patient care by introducing preventive medicine techniques. So they have decided to provide extra services to their patients by incorporating a fitness application (app) called Keep Fit.The purpose of the app is twofold:1. To allow patients to make appointments and pay fees online to the head office2. To provide an online recording service to help patients record their dietary intake as well as their daily

exercise regime

Patel and Janette believe that patients will benefit from detailed knowledge of their eating and exercising habits. The data will be held locally on each patient’s mobile device and then uploaded to the Soul & Body Health server each night or when it is convenient.Patel and Janette feel that, in addition to having detailed knowledge of their eating and exercising habits, patients will benefit from a more holistic approach by also maintaining an accurate record of their diet and exercise plan.1holistic approach – an approach concerned with the whole person (physical, mental and emotional)2rebate – return of part of an amount paid or due for a service

clinic clinic

Overview of Soul & Body Health’s information system and its conventions

clinic

head office

national healthcaresystem

appappappapp

fileserver