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Computer Science 502
Objectives
and
Main Areas of Coverage
• Basic Concepts
• OSI
• Analysis of Networks
• Client-servers
Basic Concepts
I told you before!
I didn’t understand.
Communication is fundamentally complicated.
transmitter receiverMEDIUM
Consider the Problems of Human Communication
Computers Have Many of the Same Problems! • Receiver is unable to understand the message
• Transmitter speaks when receiver not ready
• Receiver doesn’t understand the message– not the type of message expected– not the right language– speaks too fast/slow
• etc.
Principles Apply At Many Levels
CPU
Memory
Video Card
Sound Card
(Main Bus)
On a computer motherboard
MainMemory
DiskDrive
Between Devices on a computer
Between computers on a network
Between Computers on Different Networks
Distinguishing Problems
1. Direct Communication•Person to Person•Computer to Computer (serial cable)
2. Network Communication•Two Machines Interconnected with others
3. InterNetwork Communication•Networks Connected
What are the problems to address?
1. Is the other computer ready?2. How does it know I’m sending data?3. How does it know the begin/end of my message?4. What if an error occurs?5. How does the other computer know?6. What if I send too fast?7. How do I know when the other computer recovers?
NONE ARE NETWORKING PROBLEMS
How Does it Know Which One?
A Network Concern!
A CB
A CB
D FE
How Do We Know If It Is On THIS Network?
An INTERNetworking Problem!
Basic Principles
• Synchronization (beginning and ending)
• Timing (rates of transmission / flow control)
• Encoding
• Error detection and correction
• Identification
• Routing
• Efficiency
Complexity of Material
• Those without experience are NOT at a serious disadvantage
• No single element is overwhelming• Proper integration of components is
extremely difficult• A framework for building an understanding
is critical like a foundation for building a house
Principles Repeat
• Many issues occur in a number of places
• Understanding it once can be leveraged into the understanding of numerous features
• Keep these issues at the forefront of learning
• Many of your experiences will be similar but the wrong one. Be careful. Ask questions.
• OSI model is not only a tool for design but a tool for organizing understanding
OSI Model
What is the OSI model?
• A framework for design presented by International Standards Organization (ISO)
• A classical study of layered design
• A framework for LEARNING how the process of computer communication works
• Ultimate objective is to let any two PROGRAMS on any two COMPUTERS in the world talk to one another.
Evaluating Network Performance
Performance
• Evaluation of network performance has two foci– Using mathematical tools/analysis to solve general
problems• Limited use of statistics and calculus
– Using simulation tools to understand more complex problems
• Use of a network simulation software package
• Free to students
• Opnet
• Simulation will be a major project
Client Server Software
Developing Network Systems
• Significant % of current development is client–server based.
• How to develop clients and servers– Development with java/c++– Major project
• Intro to other techniques– CGIs with php or javascript– J2EE and .NET