Computer Science 401 Technology and Criminal Justice March 22/24, 2011

Computer Science 401 Technology and Criminal Justice

March 22/24, 2011

Division of Governmental Studies and ServicesMichael J. Gaffney, J.D., Acting Director

DGSS - Gaffney - 2011 2

Division of Governmental Studies and Services

• Applied Social Science Research• Consulting and Technical Assistance• Training• Four Primary Areas of Focus:

Public Safety• Washington State Institute for Criminal Justice

Good Governance Digital Initiatives Sustainability and Stewardship• Natural Resources Leadership Academy


Mike Gaffney• 15 years w/unit• JD and “ABD”• Extensive LE Training and Research• WSU “Cybercrime and Digital Forensics”• Emergency Management interests


QuestionAre you:

A. A Criminal Justice MajorB. A Criminal Justice MinorC. A Political Science MajorD. Current or Former Law Enforcement


Technology Applications in Criminal Justice

• Crime Identification & Detection• Crime Reporting & Notification• Crime Response & Investigation• Criminal Prosecution & Defense• Criminal Justice Reporting & Accountability


Crime Identification & Detection• Traffic

“Photo-red” Cameras License plate scanners

• Surveillance Cameras• Gunshot Locators• GPS Tracking• Aircraft and Satellites• “Wire” taps• Web Volume Tracking • National Security Monitoring


QuestionWhich of the following limits surveillance?

A. Declaration of IndependenceB. First Amendment to the ConstitutionC. Fourth Amendment to the ConstitutionD. Seventh Amendment to the Constitution


Crime Notification & Reporting• Whistles• Call Boxes• Radio• Alarms• (E-)911• Reverse 911• On-Line Reporting• Social Media


Crime Response & Investigation• CAD• In-car Computers• Wireless Connectivity• Finger Prints• Voice Analysis• Wire Taps• Surveillance• DNA


Investigation, Continued • Amber Alerts• AFIS• CODIS• HITS• LInX• CopLink


Prosecution/Defense• Forensics (the CSI factor)• DNA• Audio/Visual Recordings


Reporting, Planning & Accountability• UCRs• NIBRS• GIS (Crime Mapping)• Crime Analysis• Performance Metrics (ComSTAT)


QuestionHow likely do you think it is that

technology will be misused within the Criminal Justice System?

A. Not Likely at AllB. Somewhat UnlikelyC. Somewhat LikelyD. Very Likely


Criminal Law• “Crime” can be defined as a violation of

a societal standard of conduct which is injurious to the public welfare.

• “Criminal Law” is that body of legal standards (Common Law, constitutional, statutory, case) which govern the investigation, prosecution, and punishment of criminal acts.


The US System of Criminal Law• Favors protection of the innocent• Prefers Due Process• Balances Power of Government• Based on English Common Law• Shares founding philosophies


Limitations on Technology• Bill of Rights• Fourteenth Amendment• Statutory Standards• Case Law• States may vary


QuestionIn which Amendment is the protection

against involuntary self-incrimination found?

A. FirstB. FourthC. FifthD. TenthE. Fourteenth


Fourth Amendment Protections• “Unreasonable search and seizure”• Basically, must have a warrant• Limited exceptions Open Fields and Plain View Exigent Circumstances National Security Consent

• Exclusionary Rule applies


Technology & Plain View• Airplanes & Satellites• Infrared Spectroscopy• “Shared” Conversations• GPS Locators• RFID Tags• Cameras


Ethics and Technology• Intersection of Law, Justice and

Philosophy with scientific advances• Requires reassessment of (Old) existing

rules• Not uniformly applied (Yet)


QuestionDo you think advances in technology are

adequately covered by the existing rules on searches and evidence?

A. YesB. No


Conclusion• Opportunities abound in this arena• Critical thinking about impacts is

necessary• Legal standards are still developing• Growth area for the technologically

trained who are so inclined

• Questions?


Contact Information

Mike [email protected]

Division of Governmental Studies and ServicesWashington State UniversityPO Box 644870Pullman, WA 99164-4870509 335-3329

mailto:[email protected]

Documents

Computer Science 401 Technology and Criminal Justice March 22/24, 2011