Computer Organization TI1400 Alexandru Iosup (lecturer) Parallel and Distributed Systems iosup/Courses/2012_ti1400_0-plus-13.ppt

Computer OrganizationTI1400

Alexandru Iosup (lecturer)Parallel and Distributed Systems

http://www.pds.ewi.tudelft.nl/~iosup/Courses/2012_ti1400_0-plus-13.ppt

Course website:http://www.pds.ewi.tudelft.nl/~iosup/Courses/2012_ti1400_results.htm

TU-DelftTI1400/12-PDS

2

The Peak Performance Issue

Source: http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~volkov/cs267.sp09/hw1/results/


33

The Performance Gap Processor-Memory

Processor: CPU Speeds 2X every 2 years~Moore’s Law; limit ~2010Memory: DRAM Speeds 2X every 7 years

Gap: 2X every 2 years

Gap Still Growing?


4

The “Data Deluge”: Facts and Predictions

"Everywhere you look, the quantity of information in the world is soaring. According to one estimate, mankind created 150 exabytes (billion gigabytes) of data in 2005. This year, it will create 1,200 exabytes. Merely keeping up with this flood, and storing the bits that might be useful, is difficult enough. Analysing it, to spot patterns and extract useful information, is harder still.“The Data Deluge, The Economist, 25 February 2010.


TI1400 in Numbers

• Seen 126 students• 106 took the entry quiz• 81 (64%) took the mid-term exam (52% grade 6 or

higher)• 47 (37%) gained activity points• 37 (29%) gained Course/Tutorial activity points• 22 (17%) completed the self-study assignment

• 30 got access to the extra lectures• 22+ got access to the extra Lab assignments

5


TI1400: Course/Tutorial Cum Laudae

6

Semi-Anonymized Name Activity Items

Jeroen P. 13

Remco de W. 12

Laurens V. 10

Tim H. 9

Martijn de V. 8

Lucas van D. 7

Stefan H. 5

Yanick van L. 5

Jesse D. 5

Ginger G. 5


TI1400: Self-Study Assignment Complete

10/22 students have not been active in the Course/Tutorial

7

Wendy B. Niels D. Martijn de V.

Remco de W. Martijn den H. Jesse D.

Jan G. Bart H. Tim H.

Stefan H. Soheil J. Martin K.

Valentine M. Markus P. Alexander P.

Hugo R. Vera S. Wiebe van G.

Yanick van L. Kevin van N. Laurens V.

TI1400/2012 Schedule

Conceptual Map of TI1400/2012

L3. ISAs

L5. IA-32/MIPS

L8. Pipelining + Perf.L9. Large Sys.

You are here

L0. Introduction

Rd. Prog. Principles

L6. Basic Processing Unit

L4. Assembler

L7.1. Memory + Perf.

L1. Digital Logic L2. Digital Data

L7.1. I/O + OS


The Grading System—Learn, not Hunt

• Tim H. already has 4,050 points

1. Course Points 2. Access Tokens 3. Brownie Points

10,000 for straight 10

+300 correct exam Q

+500 entry quiz

+50 activity inLab/Lecture/Tutorial

+1,000 lab bonus #2

+500 lab bonus #1

+25 correct end-lecture quiz

Bonus Labassignments

Advanced topics(GPUs, clouds)

Discuss w Lecturer

Start with 1

Propose Exam Qs

Rec. letter

I will bake brownies for you!

(but not forceyou to eat them)

+1,000 team self-study


Access: Advanced Topics

• HB09.130, 09:00 to 11:00• June 1, Cloud Computing• June 18, GPU and Multi-Core

Computing

• Access• Top 10 score• Top 5 course/tutorial activity • Top 5 end-lecture quiz• Another 10 seats open,

announced May 31

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Tim H.Laurens V.Koos vdL.Remco dW.Niels S.Tiemen J.Kevin vN.Erwin vE.Dimitri S.Robert L.Alexander

P.

Yanick vL.Martijn dV.Ginger G.Lucas vD.Rik N.Dirk S.Jesse D.Stefan H.


Laboratory (+Bonus Exercises)

• Goal: practical experience with assembly (mandatory)

• Goal: lots of work, lots of fun … +500 to 1,500 points

• Bonus topics• High-performance data privacy … in assembly• An interactive game … in assembly

• Access to bonus• Complete the 5 mandatory exercises in the first 2 sessions• Activity points at course and/or tutorial• Self-study assignment complete

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More SAs

More hours

Final Exam: July 2(?), 2012

• Mandatory, access only with Lab complete• 30 multiple-choice questions, up to 9,000 points• First 10 multiple-choice questions match mid-term

exam• Automatic use of best score for first 10 questions from

mid-term and final exams (You can only win!)

• Questions change between mid-term and final exam (Unlike last year!)

Final Exam 2012 [1/6]

Po-ta-to, Po-tah-to

Q: What happens to terms in Dutch? After all, you did lecture in English?!

A: Goede vraag!• Most terms are in English anyway• Every question includes both Dutch and English version• The Dutch version has been checked by a native Dutch

speaker


Our Kind of Questions

Q: What kind of questions will you ask? A: In principle, any kind of questions. However, think

about all those end-lecture tests:• Four choices, answer not obvious (unless you learned the tricks)• Excercises that look like much work aren’t (learn the tricks)

Q: How difficult?A: Enough to test your skills. Hopefully enough to

separate.• Difficult for the easy stuff, mid-level for difficult stuff• Think mid-term exam!


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Chapter 1 Complete

Chapter 2 CompleteChapter 3 NoChapter 4 All but 4.3,4.6,4.7Chapter 5 All but 5.2.2-3,5.5.3-4,5.6-5.10

Chapter 6 All but 6.2,6.4-6,6.7.4Chapter 7 All but example detailsChapter 8 All but 8.7Chapter 9 No

Chapter 10 All but 10.3Chapter 11 NoChapter 12 Complete

Appendix A Complete

Appendix B NoAppendix C NoAppendix D NoAppendix E Only E.2

V.C. Hamacher, Z.G. Vranesic, S.G. Zaky, Computer Organization, McGraw-Hill, fifth edition, 2002.

Supersedes http://www.pds.its.tudelft.nl/vakken/in1705/exams/ti1400_tentamenstof.pdf


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Chapter 1 Complete

Chapter 2 CompleteChapter 3Chapter 4Chapter 5

CompleteCompleteComplete

Reader (Dictaat), version 2007

Lab Result: Complete

Assignment 2 Complete

CompleteCompleteComplete

Assignment 3Assignment 4Assignment 5

Not necessaryExtras 6 and 7

see Blackboard or web site for course schedulehttp://www.pds.ewi.tudelft.nl/~iosup/Courses/

2012_ti1400_results.htm


Topics for First Two Lectures

Q: Which chapters topics for the mid-term exam?A: see Blackboard or web site for course lectures:http://www.pds.ewi.tudelft.nl/~iosup/Courses/2012_ti1400_results.htm

• Lectures 1.1 and 1.2 cover … Basic Concepts, Digital Logic (Karnaugh maps/diagrams), Memory Elements, Finite State Machines

• Lectures 2.1 and 2.2 cover … Number representation (SM, 1C, 2C, Excess-x, Fixed point, Floating point, …), Arithmetic (…), Conversion (SM to 1C, Fixed to Float, Rounding, …)


Topics for Remainder

Q: Which chapters topics for the mid-term exam?A: see Blackboard or web site for course lectures:http://www.pds.ewi.tudelft.nl/~iosup/Courses/2012_ti1400_results.htm

• ISA: Von Neumann machine; instruction fetch, decode, execute; instruction sets and types; instruction formats; addressing types; subroutine call and return mechanisms; I/O and interrupts; …

• Memory: memory hierarchy; main memory organization and operation; performance issues; cache memories; virtual memory; …

• I/O: handshaking; buffering; programmed I/O; interrupt-driven I/O; interrupt structure: vectored, prioritized; buses: types (incl. DMA), arbitration; relation to Operating Systems; …


Topics for Remainder

Q: Which chapters topics for the mid-term exam?A: see Blackboard or web site for course lectures:http://www.pds.ewi.tudelft.nl/~iosup/Courses/

2012_ti1400_results.htm• Basic Processing Unit: control unit: hardwired vs

microprogrammed; instruction pipelining and instruction-level parallelism; performance issues; …

• Multiprocessor architectures: Flynn taxonomy, incl. SIMD and MIMD; interconnection networks; shared- and distributed-memory systems; distributed memory systems, incl. cache coherence policies; memory consistency; …Good Luck!


Questions?

http://www.pds.ewi.tudelft.nl/~iosup/Courses/2012_ti1400_0-plus-13.ppt

Course website:http://www.pds.ewi.tudelft.nl/~iosup/Courses/2012_ti1400_results.htm

Documents

Computer Organization TI1400 Alexandru Iosup (lecturer) Parallel and Distributed Systems iosup/Courses/2012_ti1400_0-plus-13.ppt