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Page No.1 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
Chapter 1
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What is Computer?
The Word Computer comes from the word compute which, means to calculate. But now days, computers are also being used for many other purposes else
calculating. (See Pictures 1.1 end of the book)
Thus the computer can be defined as:
It is an electronic device which accepts instructions in the form of input and after
processing it gives us information in the form of output.
Brief History of Computer
The abacus, shown in below, is a calculator; its first recorded use was circa 500 B.C. The Chinese used it to add, subtract, multiply, and divide.
1. In 17th Century BLAISE PASCAL a mathematician and scientist of
France developed the first mechanical calculator, which he called the Pascalins.
Page No.2 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
2. CHARLES BABBAGE a mathematician of UK in 1822 designed a special type of calculator called difference Engine and in 1833 he developed a machine called ANALYTICAL ENGINE.
3. Later on American Scientists Working at Howard University developed a computer between 1937 and 1943 called Howard Mark-I.
4. First electronic computer was developed in 1946 at the University of Pennsylvania USA.
5. First Personal computer (PC) was developed in 1981.
Classification of Computers
Computer is classified according to their size, Technology and the working principal into
different categories.
1) Depending upon their size 2) Depending upon Working Principle 3) Depending upon Technology
Depending Upon Their Size:
Super Computer:
Fastest, Most Powerful, Most expensive, Large in size and Memory, Multi User. The
first Cray Super Computer was introduced in 1976.
Mainframe Computer:
Less powerful than Super Computer, Large in size and memory, Multi user, Expensive.
Page No.3 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
Mini Computers:
Less powerful than Mainframe, Medium Sized, Multi-user, Expensive.
Microcomputer:
Single user, Powerful Enough, In expensive, Personal Computer
Depending upon their working Principle
(a) Analog Computer:
Such a type of computer in which input is given in the form of digits but the output is
receiving in graphical form. This output is correct 90% to 95% (i.e. Wall Clock,
Thermometer, Magnetic Needle etc.)
(b) Digital Computer
Digital computer that in which input is given in the form of digits and output is
also received in form of digits (Digital Watch, Calculator etc.) (c) Hybrid Computer
Page No.4 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
These computers have both properties analog and digital. Hybrid Computer given
output in both digits and graphs all PC are the Hybrid computers having both
properties.
Introduction to Personal Computers Personal computer is also called Microcomputer. Microcomputer was designed to be
one person at a time. These are small in size and mainly used in Accounting, Database,
Word Processing and Spread Sheet packages etc.
Intel Based microcomputer is of two categories;
Old Series: 8088, 8086, 80286, 80386, 80486 and 80586
New Series: Pentium I, Pentium II Pentium III, Celeron, Pentium 4,
Pentium Core.
Branded Computer:
These computers are assemble or manufactured a company and marketed them with a
special name. For example IBM, APPLE, ACER, COMPAQ, HEWLLETT PACKARD (HP),
DELL and so on. These are high quality, high cost machines.
UN-Branded Computer:
These computers have no special name but these recognize with its
technology like Pentium 1 or Pentium 4. They are normally assembled with
different companies parts. They are cheap and less reliable machines.
PCs normally come in four sizes & Shapes;
Desk Top PC
Page No.5 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
Tower PC Laptop PC Palm Top PC
Characteristics of a Computer 1 Speed
A Computer is a very fast device. It can perform in a few seconds the amount of
work that a human being can do in an entire year.
2 Accuracy
The accuracy of a computer is consistently high and the degree of accuracy of a
particular computer depends upon its design.
3 Diligence
A computer is free from monotony, tiredness and lack concentrations. It can do work
for hours.
4 Versatility
Versatility is one of the most wonderful things about the computer. It can do many
types of work such as preparing results, bills, letters etc.
5 No. IQ
A computer cannot take its own decision in this regard.
6 No Feeling
Computers have no feelings and no instinct because they are machines.
Information
Page No.6 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
The processed form of data is called information. Information conveys meaning and is
useful to one or more people.
Information Processing Cycle (IPC)
Information processing cycle consists of a series of tasks or steps required to convert
data into information. Different steps of information processing cycle are as follows.
INPUT
Everything that we give to the computer system through input devices is called input.
Input Devices
An input device is any hardware component that allows you to enter data or instruction
into a computer. Most commonly used input devices are the keyboard, mouse,
microphone, scanner, digital camera, and PC video camera. (See Pictures 1.2)
1
KEYBOARD
Computer keyboards are similar to
electric-typewriter keyboards but
contain additional keys. Keyboard is
2
MOUSE
A device that controls the
movement of the cursor or
pointer on a display screen.
Output Processing Input
Collection Verification
Classify Manipulation
Decode View/Store Sorting
Calculation
Page No.7 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
use to enter data into a computer.
3
Track Ball
A trackball is a specific style of
computer mouse. User track the ball
with his finger and arrow move the
on-screen.
4
GLIDE PAD
A Glide Pad, also called touchpad,
track pad is a pointing device
consisting of specialized surface
that can translate the motion and
position of a user's fingers to a
relative position on screen.
5
SCANNER
Scanners or computer scanners are
used to transfer images or text into a
computer.
6
MICROPHONE
A microphone used to converts
voice or sjound into an electrical
signal.
7
DIGITAL CAMERA
A digital camera is a camera that
takes video or still photographs. 8
WEB CAM
A webcam is a video camera which
feeds its images in real time to a
computer
9
BARCODE READER
A barcode reader (or barcode
scanner) is an electronic device for
reading printed barcodes.
10
JOY STICK
A lever that moves in all directions
and controls the movement of a
pointer. It use for play Games.
Multimedia:
Multimedia is a combination of sound and images with text and graphics. This would
include movies, animation, music, people talking, sound effects like the roar of a crowd,
smashing etc.
Page No.8 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
OUT PUT
Everything that computer display after processing is called output.
Types of Output:-
1: Hard Form: Printed paper or other permanent media that physically exists.
2: Soft Form: Displayed on screen or by other non-permanent means that not keep
physically.
OUTPUT DEVICES
Computer hardware components that are used to receive processed information from
computer are called output devices. (See Pictures 1.3)
1 Monitor / LCD
A monitor or display (sometimes called a visual
display unit) is an electronic visual display for
computers. Its like TV
2 Speakers A loudspeaker (or "speaker") that produces sound in
response to an electrical audio signal input.
3 Printers It takes electrical signals from computer and convert
them in to text and make an image on paper.
4 Plotters A plotter is a computer printing device for printing Big
level graphics.
Page No.9 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
5 Projector
An LCD projector is a type of video projector for
displaying video, images or computer data on a
big screen.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The Microprocessor, also called the central processing unit, interprets and carries out all
the basic instructions that operate the computer. (See Pictures 1.4)
Processor contains a Control Unit (CU) and an Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU). These
two components work together to perform processing of operations.
Control Unit (CU)
Input
Devices
Output
Devices
Memory
Storage
Devices
Central Processor Unit
Control Unit
(CU)
Arithmetic &
Logic Unit
(ALU)
Page No.10 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
The control unit is the component of the processor that directs a coordinates most of
operations in the computer. The control unit has a rule much like a traffic cops: it
interprets each instruction issued by a program and then initiates the appropriate action
to carry out the instructions.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
The Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) another component of the processor performs
arithmetic, comparison, and logical operation. Arithmetic operations include basic
calculation such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Logical operation
include conditions along with logical operator such as AND, OR, and NOT. For example,
if only employees paid hourly can receive overtime pay, the ALU must verify to
condition before computing an overtime wage:
1. The employee is paid hourly AND. 2. The employee worked more than 40 hours
Motherboard
The mother board sometime called a system board is the main circuit board of the
system unit. It is used to connect all kind of hardware devices.
Ports: A 'port' serves as an interface between the computer and other computers or peripheral devices. Physically, a port is a specialized outlet on a piece of equipment to
which a plug or cable connects. (See Pictures 1.9)
Storage:
Storage refers to the media either data are stored temporarily or permanently. There
are two main types of storage.
Page No.11 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
Primary Storage or Main Memory
Secondary Storage
Primary Storage or Main Memory (RAM)
Primary storage, presently known as memory or simply RAM, is the only one directly
accessible to the CPU. The CPU continuously reads instructions stored there and
executes them as required. Any data actively operated on is also stored there in uniform
manner. Memory stores three basic categories of data.
Operating system and other system software that control or maintain the computer and its devices
Application programs that carry out a specific task such as word processing etc.
Data to be processed by the application programs and resulting information. RAM Stands for Random Access Memory. RAM is also called main memory or primary
storage, it consists of memory chips that can be read from and written to by the
processor and other devices. RAM varies in size like 128 MB, 256 MB, and 512 MB to 2
GB.
RAM can not store data and instruction permanently. When we switch off the
computer, all data and instructions from RAM are washed or vanished. Therefore it is
called volatile memory. (See Pictures 1.5)
ROM stands for Read only Memory. It consists of those instructions that prepare the
computer for use. ROM instructions are automatically loaded into the Main Memory.
These instructions cab only be read but cannot be changed or deleted. It is not possible
to write new instructions into the ROM. It stores data and instructions permanently.
When we switch off the computer, the instructions stored in the ROM are not lost.
Therefore it is called a non-volatile memory.
SECONDARY STORAGE:
It has three types:
Page No.12 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
Magnetic Disk
Optical Disc
Flash Memory
Magnetic Disk
It is most widely used storage media for all type of computer. A magnetic disk is a thin
circular metal plate or platter coated with magnetic material. Information can be record
on or read from the magnetic surface through magnetism. Magnetic disk is a random
access storage media.
Types of Magnetic Disk
There are the following types of the magnetic disk. (See Pictures 1.6)
1. Hard Disk 2. Floppy Disk 3. Zip Disk
Optical Disks
Optical disk issued laser technology to read or write information. LASER Stands for Light
Amplification through stimulated emission of Radiation Laser beam is used to make tiny
holes on the surface of the disk. (See Pictures 1.7)
Compact Disk (CD)
CD is the most popular optical medium. It can hold 650 MB to 800 MB of data. The data
on the CD cannot be erased like magnetic diskettes.
DVD
Page No.13 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
DVD, also known as "Digital Versatile Disc" or "Digital Video Disc", is an optical disc
storage media format. Its main uses are video and data storage. DVDs are of the same
dimensions as compact discs (CDs), but store more than six times as much data.
Blu-Ray Disc
Blu-ray Disc (official abbreviation BD) is an optical disc storage medium designed to
supersede the DVD format. The standard physical medium is a 12 cm plastic optical disc,
the same size as DVDs and CDs. Blu-ray Discs contain 25 GB per layer, with dual layer
discs (50 GB) the norm for feature-length video discs and additional layers possible in
the future.
Flash memory and Drive
Flash memory is a non-volatile computer storage chip that can be electrically erased and
reprogrammed. It is primarily used in memory cards, USB flash drives, MP3 players and
solid-state drives for general storage and transfer of data between computers and other
digital products. It is a specific type of EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable
read-only memory) that is erased and programmed in large blocks; in early flash the
entire chip had to be erased at once.
USB Drive
A USB flash drive consists of a flash memory data storage device integrated with a USB
(Universal Serial Bus) interface. USB flash drives are typically removable and rewritable,
and physically much smaller than a floppy disk. Most weigh less than 30 g. Storage
capacities in 2010 can be as large as 256 GB with steady improvements in size and price
per capacity expected. (See Pictures 1.8)
What is Data?
Page No.14 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
A collection of facts and figures that we give to the computer for gathering useful results
and information is called data. There is three types of data.
Alphabetic Data (A to Z)
Numeric Data (0 to 9)
Alphanumeric Data (A to Z and 0 to 9)
The Binary System.
The binary system of numbers uses the base of 2 (0 and 1). A bit can exist in only two
states, No or OFF.
The Units of Storage
Memory Unit Value
Bit Smallest unit of information, shorthand term for
binary digit
Nibble 4 bits (Half of a byte)
Byte 8 bits (Equal to one character)
Word 16 bits on most personal computers (longer words
possible on larger computers)
Page No.15 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
What is Hertz? In 1887 German physician Heinrich Hertz demonstrate the effects of
electromagnetic radiation through space. In this honor the hertz (Hz) is now
the slandered unit for the measurement of the frequency (1 Hz equals one
complete cycle per second)
Clock Speed :
Kilobyte (KB) 1024 bytes
Megabyte (MB) 1,048,576 bytes (Approximately one million bytes
or 1024 KB)
Gigabyte (GB) 1,073,741,824 bytes (Approximately one billion
bytes or 1024 MB)
Terabyte (TB) 1024 Gigabyte of data
Memory Unit Value
1000 Hertz 1Kilo Hertz KHZ
1000 Kilo Hertz 1Mega Hertz MHZ
1000 Mega Hertz 1Giga Hertz GHZ
1000 Giga Hertz 1 Tera Hertz THZ
1000 Tera Hertz 1 Peta Hertz PHZ
Page No.16 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
The frequency of oscillations or clock cycle/sec. It is measured in hertz.
Computers today operate in the range 100 MHZ to 3 GHZ and so on.
Introduction to Software Sets of programs that are used to communicate with computer are called
software. Or the programs that we make in the computer are called
software (that we can see but not touch). Languages and Packages like MS
Words, MS Excel, Basic & COBOL etc. Computer does nothing unless it is
given instruction to perform.
Software has two types:
1) System Software 2) Application Software
1. System Software
System Software consists of the programs that control over all operations of
the computer system.
System Software has following types:
Operating System Translators System Utilities
Operating System:
A Software that controls the hardware OR A Software that provides such an environment to user in which he operates computer easily. It is
responsible for the flow of data between different components of
computers. (See Pictures 1.10)
Translators:
To execute programs from high level language to computer code (The
binary pattern 0 and 1), some system programs are used called translators. These are of following types:
1. Interpreters
Page No.17 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
2. Compilers 3. Assemblers
System Utilities:
Utilities are system softwares. They provide useful services by performing
common tasks such as sorting, merging and copying.
2. Application Software
Software designed to do a specific task is called application software.
It has two categories:
1) General Software 2) Standard Software
General Software:
It consists of different languages.
Language:
All the computers programs and instructions are written in computer
language. It is such software in which the programmer makes the
programming. Types of language:
Low level language High level language Middle level language
Standard Software:
Package:
Package is such a software in which programming is already made. User
just operates this software. In other words we can say that package is a
pre-made program. It has following categories:
1. Word Processing (MS-Word, Word perfect, Word pad, Writer)
Page No.18 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
2. Spread Sheet (MS- Excel, Lotus 123) 3. Database (MS-Access, Oracle, SQL) 4. Graphics (MS-Paint, Corel draw, Photo shop)
Power Safety Guidelines
The following are some general guidelines to follow when working around
computers:
Never wear jewelry or other metal objects when working on a computer. These items pose an electrical threat that can cause shorts, which will destroy components.
To avoid spills, never use liquids around electrical equipment. Replace any wrong or damaged power cords or extension
immediately. Never allow anything to rest on a power cord. Avoid using extension cords that has loose sockets. These can cause
by tripping hazards or short circuits. Keep all electrical covers intact. Make sure all vents are clear and have ample free-air space to allow
heat to escape. Some peripheral devices such as laser printers and scanners use
high voltages. Before removing any covers or working on any of these devices, be sure to read the manufacturers' manuals carefully.
Make sure the proper lighting and work area.
Fire Fire is not pleasant to think about, but it is a fact of life. A workplace fire can be
disastrous both in terms of lost equipment and injury to people. Knowing what to
do in the event of a fire can save valuable equipment and, most importantly, lives.
Here are a few tips to help prevent fire and protect you:
Page No.19 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
Always know the emergency procedures to be carried out in case of fire at your workplace.
Know the location of the nearest fire exits. Know the location of the nearest fire extinguishers and how to use
them. Don't overload electrical outlets.
Simply knowing the location of a fire extinguisher is of no value unless you
know how to use it. If you don't, contact your safety department or local
fire department. They will be glad to help you get the training you need.
Also, remember that using the wrong type of fire extinguisher can be
worse than not using one at all.
There are three basic types of fire extinguishers as shown in the picture
below.
Page No.20 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
Chapter 2
OOppeerraattiinngg SSyysstteemm && MMss..OOffffiiccee
WINDOWS VISTA The following document covers the basics of working with Windows Vista as
well as some basic Windows Vista operations.
Logging On to a Vista Station
Opening Programs
Closing Programs
Protecting Your Workstation and Data
Logging Off a Vista Station
Changing Passwords
http://www.uwec.edu/help/WinVA/wva-basics.htm - top#topLogging On to a
Vista Station Before you begin the connection process you will want to make sure the last
person using the computer logged off. If you see the standard desktop or a
program open, you must log off the previous user. To do this, Logging Off a
Vista Station and then continue with the appropriate section below to log in as
yourself.
1. Press [Ctrl] + [Alt] + [Delete] All three keys must be pressed together.
2. If someone else was logged on last, a. Click SWITCH USER b. Click OTHER USER
3. In the User name text box, type your username HINT: This is the same as your email username.
4. In the Password text box, type your password EXAMPLE: 2pa$s_worLd
5. Click the LOG ON button OR Press [Enter]
You are logged in and the Windows Vista desktop appears.
http://www.uwec.edu/help/WinVA/wva-basics.htm - top#topOpening Programs Programs are available through the Start menu and are arranged in folders based
on the type of program, such as Microsoft Office or Graphics & Web Design.
Page No.21 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
1. From the Start menu, select All Programs select the desired category A list of available programs appears.
2. From the list of programs, select the desired program The selected program opens.
http://www.uwec.edu/help/WinVA/wva-basics.htm - top#topClosing Programs
Closing programs before logging off helps protect your data and is strongly
recommended. The following instructions will work with most Windows
programs.
1. If necessary, save your work For information on saving your work
2. Click CLOSE OR
For Office programs, from the File menu , select Exit [Program]
http://www.uwec.edu/help/WinVA/wva-basics.htm - top#topProtecting Your Workstation and Data
If you are leaving your computer for a short time, recommends that you lock your
workstation. This helps prevent unauthorized access and modification to your data
or files. Locking your workstation prevents anyone from using your station, but
your programs will remain running for quick access when you return to your
computer.
Locking Your Workstation
NOTE: You are not able to lock General Access Lab computers.
1. Press [Ctrl] + [Alt] + [Delete] 2. Click LOCK THIS COMPUTER
The computer is locked.
Unlocking Your Workstation
Page No.22 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
1. Press [Ctrl] + [Alt] + [Delete] The login screen appears.
2. In the Password text box, type your password 3. Press [Enter]
You are returned to the Windows Vista desktop or the last program that
you used.
http://www.uwec.edu/help/WinVA/wva-basics.htm - top#topLogging Off a Vista Station
Remember to log off your workstation when you are finished using it. Failure to
log off can result in unauthorized access or modifications to your data and files.
1. From the Start menu click MORE select Log off You are logged off.
http://www.uwec.edu/help/WinVA/wva-basics.htm - top#topChanging Passwords
Your password provides important security for your files. While you are required
to change it annually, it is recommended that you change it more frequently.
Requirements
Passwords must be changed at least once every academic year
Passwords must be at least 8 characters long
Passwords must include at least 3 of the following:
o At least one uppercase letter: A-Z
o At least one lowercase letter: a-z
o At least one digit: 0-9
o At least one special character: ~ ` @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) + = \ | [ ] { }
? < >
Changing Your Password
1. Press [Ctrl] + [Alt] + [Delete] 2. Click CHANGE A PASSWORD...
The Change Password screen appears.
Page No.23 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
3. In the Old password text box, type your current password 4. In the New password text box, type your desired new password 5. In the Confirm password text box, retype your new password 6. Click OK
Your password is now changed.
Recommendations
Do not share your password with others
Do not write down your password
Do not choose a word or phrase that is commonly known about you
http://www.uwec.edu/help/WinVA/keycombo.htm - top#topBasic Tasks
Perform With Short Cuts. Action Press
Display Help F1
Rename the selected item F2
Search for a file or folder F3
Activate the menu bar in the active program F10
Refresh the active window F5 (or Ctrl+R)
Open or close the Start menu. Windows logo key
Cycle through programs on the taskbar by
using Aero Flip 3-D
Windows logo key +Tab
Display the System Properties dialog box. Windows logo key +Pause
Display the desktop. Windows logo key +D
Minimize all windows. Windows logo key +M
Restore minimized windows to the desktop. Windows logo key +Shift+M
Open Computer. Windows logo key +E
Search for a file or folder. Windows logo key +F
Lock your computer or switch users. Windows logo key +L
Open the Run dialog box. Windows logo key +R
Maximize the window. Windows logo key +Up Arrow
Maximize the window to the left side of the
screen.
Windows logo key +Left Arrow
Maximize the window to the right side of
the screen.
Windows logo key +Right Arrow
Minimize the window. Windows logo key +Down Arrow
Minimize all but the active window. Windows logo key +Home
Page No.24 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
Select all items on a page Ctrl+A
Copy the selected item Ctrl+C (or Ctrl+Insert)
Cut the selected item Ctrl+X
Paste the selected item Ctrl+V (or Shift+Insert)
Undo an action Ctrl+Z
Redo an action Ctrl+Y
Open a new window Ctrl+N
Close the current window Ctrl+W
Create a new folder Ctrl+Shift+N
Save changes to a note Ctrl+S
Print a note Ctrl+P
Open the Start menu Ctrl+Esc
Open Task Manager Ctrl+Shift+Esc
Close the active document Ctrl+F4
Use the arrow keys to switch between open
items
Ctrl+Alt+Tab
Change the size of icons on the desktop Ctrl+Mouse scroll wheel
Use the arrow keys to cycle through
programs on the taskbar by using Aero Flip
3-D
Ctrl+Windows logo key +Tab
Select multiple individual items in a window
or on the desktop
Ctrl with any Left click
Display properties for the selected item Alt+Enter
Close the active item, or exit the active
program
Alt+F4
Switch between open items Alt+Tab
Cycle through items in the order in which
they were opened
Alt+Esc
Delete the selected item and move it to the
Recycle Bin
Delete (or Ctrl+D)
Delete the selected item without moving it to
the Recycle Bin first
Shift+Delete
Cancel the current task Esc
Move forward through options Tab
Move back through options Shift+Tab
Cut, Copy, and Paste
Page No.25 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
http://www.uwec.edu/help/WinVA/wva-cut.htm - top#topCopying Items
Copying items places them on the Clipboard. Once copied, you can paste the
Clipboard contents, whether it is elsewhere in the same document, into a different
document, or into an altogether different application.
1. Select the text, graphic, file, or folder to be copied 2. Press [Ctrl] + [C]
The selected contents are saved to the Clipboard.
You are now ready to paste.
http://www.uwec.edu/help/WinVA/wva-cut.htm - top#topCutting Items
1. Select the item (text or graphic) to be cut 2. Press [Ctrl] + [X]
the selection has been cut and saved to the Clipboard.
You are now ready to paste.
http://www.uwec.edu/help/WinVA/wva-cut.htm - top#topPasting Items
1. Copy or cut the desired item(s) 2. Place the insertion point where you want to paste the item 3. Press [Ctrl] + [V]
The content is pasted.
http://www.uwec.edu/help/WinVA/wva-cut.htm - top#topMoving Between
Applications
Key Command
1. Press [Alt] + [Tab] A box appears on the screen showing all open applications.
2. Continue to hold [Alt] while pressing [Tab] to cycle through open programs
NOTES:
The application must be open to be included in the program list.
The application is selected when a box appears around the application
icon.
Page No.26 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
3. To open the selected application, release [Alt]
http://www.uwec.edu/help/WinVA/wva-save.htm - top#topSaving a File for the First Time
This procedure is also used when you want to save a copy of the active file to a
second location for backup or to create a copy of the file with a different name.
1. With the appropriate program open, from the OFFICE button menu , select Save As...
The Save As dialog box appears.
2. From the Folders list, navigate to the desired save location 3. In the File name text box, type your preferred name for the file 4. Click SAVE
The file is saved to the selected location.
Page No.27 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
http://www.uwec.edu/help/WinVA/wva-save.htm - top#topSaving a File That Has Already Been Saved
Once you have saved a file for the first time, saving again is simple.
1. From the OFFICE button menu , select Save OR Press [Ctrl] + [S]
The file is saved.
Working with Files
http://www.uwec.edu/help/WinVA/filemanage.htm - top#topMoving Files
Moving files allows you to rearrange files and improve organization. The method
to move files to the hard-drive or a Flash Drive is similar to copying text.
Moving Files: Cut and Paste Option
1. On the Taskbar, right click START select Explore Windows Explorer opens.
2. Navigate to and select the file you want to move
3. On the Command bar, from the Organize menu , select Cut OR
Right click the file select Cut
OR
Press [Ctrl] + [X]
The file is cut to the clipboard.
4. Navigate to and select the new location for the file
5. On the Command bar, from the Organize menu , select Paste
OR
Right click a blank spot in the area select Paste
OR
Press [Ctrl] + [V]
The file is pasted.
Page No.28 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
6. OPTIONAL: To prevent confusion between the original and copied file, rename the filehttp://www.uwec.edu/help/WinVA/filemanage.htm - rename#rename
http://www.uwec.edu/help/WinVA/filemanage.htm - top#topRenaming Files After copying a file, you may want to rename it to prevent confusion between the
original and copied file.
Renaming Files: Menu Option
1. Navigate to and select the file you want to rename
2. On the Command bar, from the Organize menu , select
Rename
OR Right click the file select Rename
The filename will be selected.
3. Type the new file name
http://www.uwec.edu/help/WinVA/filemanage.htm - top#topDeleting Files
Deleting files is an easy way to free up space on your diskettes and disk drives. If
you are deleting files from the hard-drive, they are placed in the Recycle Bin and
remain there until the Recycle Bin is emptied.
NOTE: You can recover files from the Recycle Bin before it is emptied.
1. Navigate to ad select the file you want to delete
2. On the Command bar, from the Organize menu , select Delete
OR Right click the file select Delete
A confirmation dialog box appears.
3. Click YES
http://www.uwec.edu/help/WinVA/filemanage.htm - top#topWorking with the Recycle Bin
Page No.29 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
Files that are deleted from the hard drive are put into the Recycle Bin, where they
will remain until the Recycle Bin is emptiedeven if you turn off your computer. The following steps outline how to restore a file from the Recycle Bin. Using this
procedure, the file will be restored to its original location. If you want to change
the location, you can use the moving files procedure.
Restoring Single Files from the Recycle Bin: Desktop Option WARNING: Restoring files from the Recycle Bin works only for files deleted
from the hard-drive, not from a diskette or a server.
1. To open the Recycle Bin, on the Desktop, double click RECYCLE BIN
2. Right click the file select Restore
Restoring Single Files from the Recycle Bin: Command Bar
Option
1. To open the Recycle Bin, on the Desktop, double click RECYCLE BIN
2. Select the file you wish to restore 3. From the Command bar, click RESTORE THIS ITEM
Restoring All Files from the Recycle Bin
1. To open the Recycle Bin, on the Desktop, double click RECYCLE
BIN 2. From the Command bar, click RESTORE ALL ITEMS
Emptying the Recycle Bin
1. To open the Recycle Bin, on the Desktop, double click
Page No.30 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
2. From the Command bar, click EMPTY THE RECYCLE BIN
A confirmation dialog box appears.
3. Click YES
Connecting to a Printer
This document contains information on connecting to a printer in Windows Vista.
Connecting to a Network Printer
Connecting to a Local Printer
http://www.uwec.edu/help/WinVA/print-connect.htm - top#topConnecting to a Network Printer
If you work in a network environment, you will want to connect to one or more
printers. The Add Printer Wizard makes this process easy to do.
NOTE: These instructions assume that you know the network name of the printer
you wish to add.
1. From the Start menu, select Control Panel The Control Panel pane appears.
2. In the Hardware and Sound group, click PRINTER the Printers pane appears.
3. On the Command bar, click ADD A PRINTER the Add Printer wizard appears.
4. Select Add a network, wireless or Bluetooth printer The Printers pane refreshes.
5. From the Select a printer scroll box, select the desired printer OR If you printer is not listed,
a. Click THE PRINTER THAT I WANT ISN'T LISTED b. Select Select a shared printer by name c. In the corresponding text box, type the name of the printer (e.g.,
\\print\citi04)
6. Click NEXT The printer installation begins.
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You may be prompted to install the printer drivers, an action which
requires administrative credentials.
7. If you would like this to be your default printer, select Set as the default printer The option is selected if an checkmark appears before it.
8. Click NEXT 9. OPTIONAL: To test the printer setup, click PRINT A TEST PAGE 10. Click FINISH
The printer has been added.
http://www.uwec.edu/help/WinVA/print-connect.htm - top#topConnecting to a Local Printer
If your computer is not connected to a network, you will want to add a local
printer. USB printers are automatically detected and installed by Windows Vista.
For all other local printers, follow these instructions.
1. From the Start menu, select Control Panel The Control Panel pane appears.
2. In the Hardware and Sound group, click PRINTER The Printers pane appears.
3. On the Command bar, click ADD A PRINTER The Add Printer wizard appears.
4. Select Add a local printer 5. Verify that Use an existing port is selected 6. From the corresponding pull-down list, select the appropriate port 7. Click NEXT 8. From the Manufacturer scroll box, select the manufacturer of your printer
The Printers list updates.
9. From the Printers scroll box, select your printer model 10. Click NEXT 11. Verify the Printer name 12. If you would like this to be your default printer, select Set as the default
printer The option is selected if an checkmark appears before it.
13. Click NEXT Installation begins.
14. OPTIONAL: To test the printer setup, click PRINT A TEST PAGE
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15. Click FINISH The printer has been added.
Selecting a Printer in Windows Vista The following instructions are written generically for Windows Vista and most
Windows programs.
1. Open the document you want to print
2. In a Microsoft Office program, from the OFFICE button select Print in other programs, from the File menu select Print...
HINT: If the File
menu is not visible,
press [Alt]
The Print dialog
box appears.
3. From the Name pull-down list,
select the desired
printer for the lab
you are working in
NOTE: If the
correct printer does
not appear, to add
the correct printer
to this list.
4. If necessary, make any other adjustments to the dialog box 5. Click OK
The document prints to the selected printer.
http://www.uwec.edu/help/winva/fonts.htm - top#topInstalling Fonts from
Other Sources
1. Access the Fonts folder
Page No.33 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
2. From the File menu select Install New Font HINT: If you do not see the menu bar, press [Alt].
The Add Fonts dialog box appears.
3. Use the Folders scroll box to navigate to the drive and directory
containing your new font(s)
4. From the List of fonts scroll box, select the desired font HINTS: To select multiple fonts, hold down [Ctrl] and click the fonts you want.
To select the entire list, click SELECT ALL.
5. At the bottom of the dialog box, verify that Copy fonts to Fonts folder is selected
NOTE: The item is selected if a check mark appears before it.
6. Click INSTALL The new font appears in the Fonts folder.
Installing Fonts from Other Sources: Copy & Paste
Option
1. Access the Fonts folder 2. In Windows Explorer, navigate to the drive and directory containing your
new font(s) and select the desired font(s)
3. From the Edit menu select Copy HINT: If you do not see the menu bar, press [Alt].
OR Press [Ctrl] + [C]
Page No.34 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
4. In the Fonts folder, from the Edit menu select Paste HINT: If you do not see the menu bar, press [Alt].
OR Press [Ctrl] + [V]
The Install Fonts Progress dialog box appears.
Personalizing the Appearance of Windows Vista
This document will show you how to personalize the appearance of Windows
Vista for your own use.
Accessing the Personalization Settings
Changing the Windows Theme
Changing the Window Color and Appearance
Changing the Desktop Background
http://www.uwec.edu/help/winva/appearnce.htm - top#topAccessing the Personalization Settings
The screen you see after logging in is called the Desktop. You can personalize the
Desktop to fit your needs in the Personalization settings.
Accessing the Personalization Settings: Start Menu
Option
1. From the Start menu , select Control Panel The Control Panel appears.
2. Click APPEARANCE AND PERSONALIZATION The Appearance and Personalization pane appears.
3. Click PERSONALIZATION The Personalize appearance and sounds pane appears.
Accessing the Personalization Settings: Right Click
Option
1. Right click anywhere in a blank part of the Desktop select Personalize
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The Personalize appearance and sounds pane appears.
http://www.uwec.edu/help/winva/appearnce.htm - top#topChanging the Windows Theme
1. Access the Personalization Settings 2. Click THEME
The Theme Settings dialog box
appears.
3. From the Theme pull-down menu, select the desired theme
4. Click APPLY The theme is changed.
5. Click OK
http://www.uwec.edu/help/winva/appearnce.htm - top#tophttp://www.uwec.edu/help/winva/appearnce.htm -
top#topChanging the Window
Color and Appearance
Page No.36 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
Changing the Window Color
1. Access the Personalization Settings 2. Click WINDOW COLOR AND APPEARANCE
The Window Color and Appearance pane appears.
3. To select a color, click on the desired color 4. OPTIONAL: To adjust the color intensity, from Color intensity, click and
drag the sliding bar
5. To create your own color,
a. Click SHOW COLOR MIXER b. From the color mixer, click and drag the sliding bars to adjust the
color's Hue, Saturation, and Brightness
6. Click OK The changes are made.
You are returned to the Personalize appearance and sounds task pane.
Page No.37 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
Changing the Window Appearance
1.
http://www.uwec.edu/help/winva/appearnce.htm - top#topChanging the Desktop Background
1. Access the Personalization Settings 2. Click DESKTOP BACKGROUND
The Desktop Background pane appears.
3. To change the background, from the scroll list, select an image HINT: When you select an image, a preview appears on the desktop.
OR To locate an image file
a. Click BROWSE... The Browse dialog box appears.
b. Navigate to and select the appropriate image file c. Click OPEN
Page No.38 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
4. To change the picture position, from How should the picture be positioned?, select the desired position
NOTE: The options are Stretched, Tiled, and Centered.
5. To apply the background, click OK
Working with Screen Savers
Applying a Screen Saver
Adjusting Screen Saver Settings
Adjusting Power Options
Page No.39 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
Working with the Sidebar
The Windows Vista Sidebar is a vertical section of the desktop in which a user
can display frequently used tools, called Gadgets. Gadgets include clocks,
Page No.40 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
calendars, news feeds, and other helpful objects that allow you to easily access
information and personalize your desktop.
HINT: The Windows Vista default settings allow the Sidebar to appear on the
desktop upon first using Vista. However, if you are unable to see the Sidebar,
from the Taskbar, simply click on the Sidebar icon to make it appear.
Accessing Sidebar Properties
Changing Sidebar Settings
Working with Gadgets
Adding Gadgets to the Sidebar
Removing Gadget
http://www.uwec.edu/help/WinVA/sidebar.htm - top#topAccessing Sidebar Properties
In order to make changes to the Sidebar, you must first access the Sidebar
properties.
Accessing Sidebar Properties: Start Menu Option
1. From the Start menu, select Control Panel The Control Panel appears.
2. Click APPEARANCE AND PERSONALIZATION The Appearance and Personalization options appear.
Page No.41 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
3. Click WINDOWS SIDEBAR PROPERTIES The Windows Sidebar Properties dialog box appears.
Accessing Sidebar Properties: Right Click Option
1. Right click anywhere in a blank part of the Sidebar
frame select Properties
The Windows Sidebar
Properties dialog box
appears.
http://www.uwec.edu/help/WinVA/sidebar.htm -
top#topChanging Sidebar
Settings
You can change the location of the
Sidebar on the desktop and its
Page No.42 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
visibility in regard to other windows.
1. Access the Sidebar Properties 2. To allow the Sidebar to appear adjacent to open windows, select Sidebar
is always on top of other windows
HINT: An item is selected if a checkmark appears within the box.
3. To change the location of the Sidebar, from the Display Sidebar on this side of screen option, select Left or Right
4. To make the changes, click APPLY
http://www.uwec.edu/help/WinVA/sidebar.htm - top#topWorking with Gadgets
http://www.uwec.edu/help/WinVA/sidebar.htm - top#topAdding Gadgets to the Sidebar
Your Sidebar will contain only default gadgets until you personalize it. Vista has
a selection of gadgets already installed on your computer. You can search for and
install more gadgets at the Windows Vista Gadget Gallery.
1. Right click anywhere in a blank part of the Sidebar frame select Add Gadgets...
OR
From the top of the Sidebar, click GADGETS
The Gadget Gallery appears.
2. To add a gadget to the sidebar, double click the gadget OR
Drag the gadget to the Sidebar
The gadget is added to the Sidebar.
Working with Shortcuts
Page No.43 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
Creating a shortcut allows you to quickly access files, folders, drives, or
programs. This might be useful if you frequently access your drive, a certain
folder, or a specific file. It can also be helpful if a class requires you to frequently
access a professor's folder from the drive.
Creating a Shortcut
Using a Shortcut
Deleting a Shortcut
http://www.uwec.edu/help/winva/shrtcut.htm - top#topCreating a Shortcut
Folders, drives, printers, programs and general files can be linked with a shortcut.
The following section provides instructions for two ways to create a shortcut: the
drag method and the quick menu method.
Creating a Shortcut: Drag and Drop Method
1. On the Desktop, click START select Computer [name] Windows Explorer launches, displaying your computer's drives, devices,
and networks.
2. Navigate to the file, folder, drive, or printer you want to create a shortcut for
3. Click the item and drag it to the Desktop 4. Release the mouse button
The shortcut icon for the selected file or folder appears on your Desktop.
Creating a Shortcut to Files and Folders: Quick Menu
Method
1. On the Desktop, click START select Computer [name] Windows Explorer launches, displaying your computer's drives, devices,
and networks.
2. Navigate to the file, folder, drive, or printer you want to create a shortcut for
3. Right click the item select Send To select Desktop (create shortcut) The shortcut appears on the desktop.
Page No.44 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
http://www.uwec.edu/help/winva/shrtcut.htm - top#topUsing a Shortcut
Using a shortcut is as simple as opening the file, folder, drive, program, or printer
it references.
1. On the Desktop, double click the shortcut The item which the shortcut references opens.
http://www.uwec.edu/help/winva/shrtcut.htm - top#topDeleting a Shortcut
Deleting shortcuts is as simple as deleting typical files on your computer.
NOTE: Deleting a shortcut does not delete the file or folders it references, nor
does it disconnect from the drive or printer it references.
1. On the Desktop, right click the shortcut you wish to delete select Delete A confirmation dialog box appears.
2. Click YES The shortcut is deleted.
The Windows Explorer Environment
Windows Explorer is used to manage files, folders, and drives. It can be used to
create folders for storing information, rearrange files or folders, locate files or
folders, and delete files or folders that are no longer needed. Windows Explorer
also provides functions for burning CDs and mapping network drives, as well as a
variety of other file management tools. This document describes many of the
components of the Windows Explorer dialog box and provides you with
descriptions of the different functions found on the toolbar.
Opening Windows Explorer
The Windows Explorer Window
The Windows Explorer Command Bar
http://www.uwec.edu/help/winva/exp-basics.htm - open#openOpening Windows Explorer
Page No.45 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
There are several options for accessing Windows Explorer on campus computers,
including the right click option and the Start menu option.
Opening Windows Explorer: Right Click Option
1. On the Taskbar, right click START select Explore Windows Explorer opens.
Opening Windows Explorer: Start Menu Option
1. From the Start menu, select All Programs Accessories Windows Explorer Windows Explorer opens.
Opening Windows Explorer: Creating a Shortcut Option
1. From the Start menu, select All Programs Accessories 2. Right click WINDOWS EXPLORER select Send To Desktop (create
shortcut)
The shortcut appears on the desktop.
3. From the desktop, double click WINDOWS EXPLORER Windows Explorer opens.
http://www.uwec.edu/help/winva/exp-environ.htm - top#topThe Windows Explorer Window
This section describes the various parts of the window and their respective
purposes.
Page No.46 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
Part of Window Purpose
Navigation tools Includes buttons to move forward and back in the navigation
history, as well as an address bar and a search bar
Command bar Contains a dynamic set of commands, decided by which file
or folder is currently selected
Navigation pane Provides access to the drives and directories available
File list Displays the contents of the selected drive/folder
File/Folder
details pane
Displays information about the selected item
Windows Explorer Basics
In order to make working with Windows Explorer simple and easy, it is important
to learn some basic techniques, terms, and conventions involving Windows
Explorer.
This document covers the following basic information:
Moving Around in Windows Explorer
Page No.47 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
Terms
File Naming Conventions
http://www.uwec.edu/help/winva/exp-basics.htm - top#topMoving Around in Windows Explorer
As you work with Windows Explorer, you are likely to encounter the following
activities. Included with each activity is a brief description of how to accomplish
it.
Displaying the Contents of a Folder/Drive
1. Open Windows Explorer.
2. In the Navigation pane, select the appropriate folder/drive name The contents of the folder/drive you selected will appear in the Contents
pane.
Displaying the Contents of a Subfolder
1. Open Windows Explorer 2. Select a folder/drive
3. To expand a folder, click EXPAND
4. To view the content of a subfolder, click EXPAND ( ) next to the folder/drive name.
To collapse the folder listing, click COLLAPSE ( ).
http://www.uwec.edu/help/winva/exp-basics.htm - top#topTerms
The terms file, folder, and path are key words to know when working with
Windows Explorer.
Page No.48 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
File A file is a single document that is saved on a flash drive or hard-drive.
Folder A folder is where files are stored.
Path A path is the line of folders you must follow to locate a specific file; it begins
with the drive designation and includes the folders. For example,
c:\data\reports\status.doc is a file named status.doc that is on the C: drive and is
in the reports subfolder of the data folder.
About Long Filenames
When working with Windows Vista, you have a lot of flexibility with filenames.
Windows Vista supports long file names so you can have up to 255 characters
including spaces. When naming your files, you can use all of the alphabetic
characters, numeric characters, and spaces. The only characters you may not use
are control characters (characters that require a keyboard combination to create)
and the characters listed below.
\ / : * ? " < >
http://www.uwec.edu/help/winva/exp-folder.htm - top#topCreating Folders
Creating a new folder is a valuable technique for organizing and separating files.
1. On the Taskbar, right click START select Explore Windows Explorer opens.
2. Navigate to the location where you want to create a folder 3. Right click a blank area in the Files list select New Folder
The new folder appears in the desired location with a default name
highlighted.
4. To rename the folder, type the name of the new folder 5. Press [Enter]
The folder is named.
Page No.49 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
http://www.uwec.edu/help/winva/exp-folder.htm - top#topDeleting Folders
When a folder is no longer necessary, you may delete it.
WARNING: Deleting a folder will delete all its contents. If you have files you
want to keep, be sure to save them outside the folder before deleting.
1. On the Taskbar, right click START select Explore Windows Explorer opens.
2. Navigate to the location of the folder you want to delete 3. Right click the folder select Delete
OR Press [Delete]
A confirmation dialog box appears.
4. Click YES The folder is deleted.
Working with Compressed Folders
Compressed folders allow you to condense many files into one folder so they take
up less space. For example, if you need to send many files to someone, sending
one zipped attachment can be much easier and saves more space. This document
introduces you to the processes of adding files to a compressed folder and
extracting files from it.
Adding Files to a Compressed Folder
Extracting Files from a Compressed Folder
http://www.uwec.edu/help/winva/exp-compress.htm - top#topAdding Files to a Compressed Folder
Compressed folders allow you to condense many files into one folder.
1. On the Taskbar, right click START select Explore Windows Explorer opens.
2. Navigate to and select the files you wish to add to the compressed folder HINTS:
Page No.50 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
To select contiguous items, hold [Shift] and click on the desired files.
To select non-contiguous items, hold [Ctrl] and click on the desired files.
3. Right click the selected files select Send To Compressed (zipped) Folder
A new compressed folder appears in the File list with the name
highlighted.
4. OPTIONAL: Type a new name for the folder 5. Press [Enter]
The compressed (zip) folder is created.
http://www.uwec.edu/help/winva/exp-compress.htm - top#topExtracting Files from a Compressed Folder
Before you can access files from the compressed folder, it is recommended that
you extract them. This decompresses them back to their original file size.
1. Using Windows Explorer, locate the compressed folder from which you want to extract files
2. Right click the folder select Extract All... The Extract Compressed (Zipped) Folders dialog box appears.
3. In the text box, type the desired location for the files to be extracted OR To find the location,
a. Click BROWSE... The Select a destination dialog box appears.
b. Navigate to and select the location c. Click OK
4. OPTIONAL: To view the files after extraction, select Show extracted files when complete
5. Click EXTRACT The files are extracted from the compressed folder.
Page No.51 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
TYPING TUTOR Typing is another important skill
that drives you to a good start in job
market and that gives you an edge
over the competitors. For typing
Improvement you must work hard to
get the advantage your start may not
be good but after regular practice
lesson in lab you will get skilled.
Minimum acceptable typing speed
hat any of employer can afford is
around 40-50 (WPM) words per
minute.
Page No.52 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
MMiiccrroossoofftt WWoorrdd 22000077
Introduction
Microsoft Word is part of the Microsoft Office. Its main function is for
producing documents that can includes text, graphics, table, clip art, etc.
The Microsoft Office Button
The Quick Access Toolbar
The Title Bar
The Ribbon
Page No.53 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
The Ruler
The Text Area
Page No.54 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
Understanding Document Views Draft View
Draft view is the most frequently used view. You use Draft view to quickly
edit your document.
Web Layout
Web Layout view enables you to see your document as it would appear in a
browser such as Internet Explorer.
Print Layout
The Print Layout view shows the document as it will look when it is
printed.
Reading Layout
Reading Layout view formats your screen to make reading your document
more comfortable.
Outline View
Page No.55 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
Outline view displays the document in outline form. You can display
headings without the text. If you move a heading, the accompanying text
moves with it.
Understanding Nonprinting Characters
Character Denotes
A tab
. A space
The end of a paragraph
Hidden text
Document Basics
Creating a New Document
Opening an Existing Document
Saving a Document
Saving in Alternate Formats
Printing a Document
Closing a Document
http://www.uwec.edu/help/Word07/basics.htm - topCreating a New Document
Creating a New Document: Keyboard Option
Page No.56 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
1. Press [Ctrl] + [N] NOTES: A new blank document appears.
This can be done under any command tab.
Creating a New Document: Menu Option
1. From the OFFICE BUTTON , select New The New Document dialog box appears.
2. From the Blank and recent section, click BLANK DOCUMENT A new blank document appears.
http://www.uwec.edu/help/Word07/basics.htm - topOpening an Existing
Document
Follow these instructions to open already existing documents.
1. From the OFFICE BUTTON , select Open
OR Press [Ctrl]+[O]
The Open dialog box appears.
2. From the Look in pull-down list, navigate to and select the desired file
Page No.57 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
To open the file, click OPEN
The document is opened.
http://www.uwec.edu/help/Word07/basics.htm - topSaving a Document
Saving a Document: First Time
Use this option if you are saving your document for the first time or if you
are saving an already saved file under a new name.
1. From the OFFICE BUTTON , select Save As NOTE: Do not click on the side arrow as it will not allow the Save As
function to occur.
The Save As dialog box appears.
2. From the Save in pull-down list, make the appropriate selection: To save to your H: drive or another drive, select (H:) or another network
drive.
3. In the File name text box, type a filename Press [Ctrl] + [S]
OR
Page No.58 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
From the OFFICE BUTTON , select Save
OR
On the Quick Access Toolbar, click SAVE
The document is saved under the current filename.
Saving in Alternate Formats
Saving in RTF Format
Saving in Word 97-2003 Format
http://www.uwec.edu/help/Word07/rtf.htm - top#topSaving in RTF Format
Saving your Word document in RTF (Rich Text Format) file format helps
prevent the spread of viruses. The .doc extension has been the #1 file
format for virus transmission over the past few years because it allows the
attachment of hidden macros, which may actually be viruses. RTF format
does not allow appendages such as macros, and, thus, the
document cannot contain a virus. Saving in RTF format also preserves your
document's formatting for easy transfer between different applications.
Page No.59 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
1. From the OFFICE BUTTON , click SAVE AS The Save As dialog box appears.
2. From the Save in pull-down list, navigate to the desired save location 3. In the File name text box, type the desired filename 4. Click SAVE http://www.uwec.edu/help/Word07/rtf.htm - top#topSaving in Word 97-2003
Format
1. From the OFFICE BUTTON , click the next to SAVE AS select Word 97-2003 Document
The Save As dialog box appears.
2. From the Save in pull-down list, navigate to the desired save location.
3. In the File name text box, type the desired filename
4. OPTIONAL: In the Save as type text box, confirm that Word 97-2003 Document is selected
5. Click SAVE Your document is saved as a Word 97-2003 document.
http://www.uwec.edu/help/Word07/basics.htm - topPrinting a Document
Page No.60 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
Printing a Document: Using Print Preview
The Print Preview feature is useful for viewing your document prior to
printing. You can also print directly from the Print Preview screen.
1. Click the OFFICE BUTTON The OFFICE BUTTON menu appears.
2. From the OFFICE BUTTON menu, click the next to PRINT The Preview and print the document submenu appears.
3. In the Preview and print the document submenu, click PRINT
PREVIEW 4. To return to your document without printing, on the Print Preview command tab, click CLOSE PRINT PREVIEW
Print Preview closes.
To print, on the Print Preview command tab, in the Print group, click
PRINT The Print dialog box appears.
5. From the Name pull-down list, select the desired printer 6. In the Page range and Copies sections, make the desired selections HINT: For more information about page range options, refer to Printing
Options for Specific Pages.
7. To print your document, click OK
http://www.uwec.edu/help/Word07/basics.htm - topClosing a Document
Closing a Document: Continuing Word
1. From the OFFICE BUTTON , click CLOSE If you have made changes that have not been saved, a prompt appears
asking you if you want to save the document.
Page No.61 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
2. To save the document, click YES To close without saving, click NO
To continue working, click CANCEL
Closing a Document: Exiting Word
1. From the OFFICE BUTTON , click EXIT WORD
OR
Click CLOSE in the upper right corner of the Word window
If you have made changes that have not been saved, a prompt appears
asking you if you want to save the document.
2. To save any open document(s), click YES To close without saving, click NO
To continue working, click CANCEL
Editing a Document
Editing Basics
Selecting Text
Making Multiple Selections
Using Drag and Drop
Deleting Text
http://www.uwec.edu/help/Word07/editing.htm - topEditing Basics
Using the Undo Command
Using the Undo Command: Keyboard Option
1. Press [Ctrl] + [Z] Your last action is reversed.
Page No.62 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
Using the Undo Command: Ribbon and Standard Toolbar Option
1. To undo your last action,
On the Quick Access Toolbar, click UNDO
2. To undo multiple actions, a. On the Quick Access Toolbar, click the to the right of the UNDO button
b. Select the action(s) to undo The selected action(s) are reversed.
Using the Redo Command: Ribbon and Standard Toolbar Option
1. To redo your last action,
On the Quick Access Toolbar, click REDO
http://www.uwec.edu/help/Word07/editing.htm - topSelecting Text
Lines, Single Words, Single Paragraphs, Multiple Paragraphs,
Entire Document Press [Ctrl] + [A] All text is selected.
To deselect text:
1. Click the mouse button anywhere outside or inside the selected text area
Page No.63 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
Making Multiple Selections: Find and Replace Dialog
Box
The Multiple Selections feature can also aid you when you want to find and
select all occurrences of specific text without searching for all instances
manually.
1. From the Home command tab, in the Find group, click FIND
OR Press [Ctrl] + [F]
The Find and Replace dialog box appears.
2. Select the Find tab. 3. In the Find what text box, type the text to be selected. 4. Click FIND IN select the document area to be searched. 5. Click FIND NEXT OR Click FIND ALL 6. Click CLOSE You are returned to your document.
All occurrences of the desired text are selected.
Working with Spell Check
Activating Automatic Spell Check
Modifying the Dictionary
Correcting Spelling
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http://www.uwec.edu/help/Office07/splchck.htm - top#topActivating Automatic Spell Check
1. From the Review command tab, in the Proofing group, click
SPELLING & GRAMMAR
OR Press [F7]
NOTES: The [F7] key can be used from any command tab.
The Spelling and Grammar dialog box appears.
2. In the Spelling and Grammar dialog box, click OPTIONS...
The Options dialog box appears.
3. In the Categories pane, select Proofing 4. To activate Automatic Spell Check, in the When correcting spelling
and grammar in Word section, select Check spelling as you type
NOTE: The option is selected if a checkmark appears in front of it.
5. Click OK
6. To exit the Spelling and Grammar dialog box, click CANCEL
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The Formatting Palette
The Formatting Palette allows you to format your document in areas of
font, styles, alignment and spelling, bullets and numbering, borders and
shadowing, document margins, and document theme. This document
describes each of the main sections of this palette.
Font
Styles
Alignment and Spacing
Bullets and Numbering
Borders and Shading
Document Margins
Document Theme
Paragraph Formatting Options
This document will help you use paragraph formatting options to achieve a
desired look for your document.
Changing Paragraph Alignment
Adjusting Line Spacing
Adjusting Paragraph Spacing
Working with Indents
http://www.uwec.edu/help/Word07/fmt-para.htm - top#topChanging Paragraph
Alignment
Changing Text Alignment: Write Command Tab Option
1. Select the text to be formatted
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2. From the Home command tab, in the Paragraph group, click the appropriate text alignment button
Changing Text Alignment: Keyboard Option
1. Select the text to be formatted 2. To left align the paragraph press [Ctrl] + [L] To center the paragraph press [Ctrl] + [E]
To right align the paragraph press [Ctrl] + [R].To justify the paragraph
press [Ctrl] + [J]
http://www.uwec.edu/help/Word07/fmt-para.htm - top#topAdjusting Line
Spacing
Adjusting Line Spacing: Write Command Tab Option
1. Place the insertion point in the desired paragraph 2. From the Home command tab, in the Paragraph group, click LINE
SPACING select the desired line spacing
Adjusting Line Spacing: Dialog Box Option
1. Place the insertion point in the desired paragraph 2. From the Home command tab, in the Paragraph group, click
PARAGRAPH
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The Paragraph dialog box appears.
3. Select the Indents and Spacing tab 4. From the Line spacing pull-down menu, select the desired spacing 5. Click OK
http://www.uwec.edu/help/Word07/fmt-para.htm - top#topWorking with
Indents
Working with Indents: Paragraph Dialog Box Option
1. Place the insertion point in the desired paragraph HINT: If you are adjusting more than one paragraph, select all desired
paragraphs.
2. From the Home command tab, in the Paragraph group, click
PARAGRAPH The Paragraph dialog box appears.
Working with Indents: Ruler Option
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Instead of using the Paragraph dialog box, you can make indent
adjustments using the Ruler. Shown here is a graphic of the Ruler.
Page Formatting Options
Word 2007 comes with many formatting options for all types of documents.
This document describes page formatting options can affect a page, a
section, or your entire document.
Adjusting Document Margins
Numbering Pages
Inserting Page Breaks
http://www.uwec.edu/help/Word07/pgfrmt.htm - top#topAdjusting Document Margins
The Ruler is used as a quick way to adjust margins. Margins may also be
adjusted by using a preset option provided by Word, or through the Page
Setup dialog box.
Adjusting Document Margins: Using a Margin Preset
Option
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1. From the Page Layout command tab, in the Page Setup group, click
MARGINS
2. Select one of the preset margin options EXAMPLE: Wide for one-inch vertical margins and two-inch horizontal
margins
Adjusting Document Margins: Dialog Box Option
To set your own margins, use the Page Setup dialog box.
1. From the Page Layout command tab, in the Page Setup group, click
PAGE SETUP The Page Setup dialog box appears.
2. On the Margins tab, in the Margins section, adjust the margins as needed
3. Click OK
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http://www.uwec.edu/help/Word07/pgfrmt.htm - top#topInserting Page Breaks
section breaks.
1. Place the insertion point where the new page is to be inserted 2. From the Insert command tab, within the Pages group, click PAGE
BREAK OR Press [Ctrl] + [Enter]
Removing Page Breaks
1. Select the page break 2. Press [Delete]
Printing Options for Specific Pages
At times, you may want to print only certain pages of your Word
documents. The Page From the OFFICE BUTTON , click PRINT
The Print dialog box appears.
http://www.uwec.edu/help/Word07/print.htm - top#topSpecifying the Pages to Print
1. Under Page range, select Selection
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Printing All Pages of your Document
1. Under Page range, select All
Printing the Current Page
1. Under Page range, select Current page
Printing Non-Contiguous Pages
1. Under Page range, select Pages 2. Type the page numbers separated by commas
Printing a Range of Contiguous Pages
1. Under Page range, select Pages 2. Type the beginning and end page numbers separated by a hyphen
Printing a Combination of Non-Contiguous Pages and a Range
1. Under Page range, select Pages
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2. Type the page numbers, separating the noncontiguous pages by commas and the range by a hyphen
Printing a Section of your Document
1. Under Page range, select Pages 2. Type s and the section number
Setting Tabs
Tab Types
Working with Tabs from the Ruler
Working with Tabs from the Tabs Dialog Box
http://www.uwec.edu/help/Word07/tabs.htm - top#topTab Types
1. Click the TAB TYPE icon until the desired tab type is selected
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2. Click TABS... The Tabs dialog box opens.
Borders and Shading Options
Borders and Shading Options: Ribbon Option
Borders and Shading Options: Dialog Box Option
http://www.uwec.edu/help/Word07/bordshad.htm - top#topBorders and Shading Options
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Table Basics
This introductory document contains information on the following:
Creating a Table
Adding Information to the Table
http://www.uwec.edu/help/Word07/tb-bscs.htm - top#topCreating a Table
Creating a Table: Quick Tables
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Word provides several preformatted tables which can easily be inserted
with the Quick Tables option.
1. Place the insertion point where you want the table to appear
2. From the Insert tab, in the Tables group, click TABLE The Table sub-menu appears.
3. Select Quick Tables select a preformatted table The preformatted Quick Table appears in your document.
4. Select the preformatted Quick Table sample text and replace it with your own
Creating a Table: Insert Option
1. Place the insertion point where you want the table to appear
2. From the Insert tab, in the Tables group, click TABLE The Table sub-menu appears.
3. Select Insert Table... The Insert Table dialog box appears.
Using the Sort Feature
http://www.uwec.edu/help/Word07/tb-sort.htm - top#topSorting a Table
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1. The Sort dialog box appears.
Working with AutoCorrect
http://www.uwec.edu/help/Word07/AUTO-correplace.htm - top#topAccessing the AutoCorrect Dialog Box
1. From the File menu, click WORD OPTIONS The Word Options dialog box opens.
2. In the Categories pane, select Proofing
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3. Under AutoCorrect options, click AUTOCORRECT OPTIONS... The AutoCorrect dialog box appears.
Using Clip Art
Button Name Function
Insert Picture Inserts a picture from a file
Clip Art Opens the Clip Art task pane, which
provides offline and online searching
for clip art to add to your document.
Brightness Makes all color shades
proportionately darker or lighter
Contrast Adjusts the difference between the
darkest and lightest colors in the
object
Recolor Changes the color scheme of the
object
Compress Pictures Reduces image file size (i.e.,
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compresses)
Change Picture Replace current image with another
image that you choose
Reset Picture Restores an altered image to its
original size and color scheme
Picture Shape Bounds image to a shape that you
choose
Picture Border Adds a border to your image; provides
border customization options
Picture Effects Applies image effects (e.g., shadow,
reflection, glow) that you choose
Position Contains options for arranging objects
relative to text
Bring to Front Brings an object to the front of a
group of objects; where the objects
overlap, this object will be the one
seen
Send to Back Sends an object to the back of a group
of objects; where the objects overlap,
this object will be hidden by all other
objects
Text Wrapping Provides options for alignment of text
around objects
Selection Pane Opens a pane that lets you choose
(i.e., select) from various images in
your document
Align Provides options for positioning an
object relative to other objects and/or
relative to the page. Also provides
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options for showing or hiding grid
lines
Group Lets you group several selected
images or objects into one image or
object
Rotate Contains options for rotating an object
or flipping it along an axis
Crop Allows you to cut out unneeded areas
of an object
Shape Fill Changes the color within an
AutoShape
Text Box Creates a bounded box for text
Auto Thumbnail Creates a thumbnail of the selected
object
Creating Headers and Footers
1. From the Insert command tab, in the Header & Footer section, click
HEADER or FOOTER
The scroll list of preset headers or footers appears.
2. Select the desired header or footer style HINT: To start with a blank Header/Footer, select Edit Header or Edit
Footer
Header & Footer Group The Header & Footer group lets you to format the appearance of the header
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or footer and/or format page numbers.
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SYMBOLS:
There is an U-limited range of symbols available in different types &
styles. Select on of them and click on insert button or double click on that
symbol. It will appear at that place of document where cursor is blinking.
Different Types of Symbols
MMiiccrroossoofftt EExxcceell 22000077
Introduction .
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Worksheets
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Microsoft Excel consists of worksheets. Each worksheet contains columns
and rows. The columns are lettered A to Z and then continuing with AA,
AB, AC number of columns 16384 up XFD and so on; the rows are
numbered 1 to 1,048,576. The number of columns and rows you can have
in a worksheet is limited by your computer memory and your system
resources.
The Formula Bar
Formula Bar
1. Choose the View tab. 2. Click Formula Bar in the Show/Hide group. The Formula bar appears.
Page No.84 Computer Hardware & Network Professional July 2011
Worksheet Terms
Cell The intersection of a column and row. Information is stored in cells.
Cell Pointer The cell pointer is similar to Word's insertion point. It selects or marks the
current cell (where the next activity is going to take place). The Excel
pointer changes shape depending on location and corresponding function.
This document provides a table describing the various pointer shapes you
may see while working in Excel 2007/2008.
Formula A set of instructions which perform a calculation based on numbers entered
in the cell or numbers entered in other cells (referred to by cell references).
All formulas begin with the equal sign (=).
Function A pre-programmed formula. The function performs the calculation based
on the cells referenced in the function. All functions begin with the equal
sign (=).
Range A group of cells. Ranges are often referenced for formulas, printing, and
designating information to be copied or cut. Ranges can be selected by
clicking and dragging over the cells.
Row A horizontal group of cells within a worksheet.
Value A number that can be used in an Excel calculation.
Workbook A collection of worksheets contained within a single file.
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Saving Your Work
http://www.uwec.edu/help/Excel07/bas-starting.htm - topOpening Excel
1. To open Excel 2007, from the Start menu, select All Programs
Microsoft Office Microsoft Office Excel 2007
http://www.uwec.edu/help/Excel07/bas-starting.htm - topCreating a
Workbook
1. In the top left corner of the Excel window, click FILE The File menu appears
2. From the File menu, select New The New Workbook dialog box appear
3. Under New Blank, double click BLANK WORKBOOK A new
workbook appears.
4. http://www.uwec.edu/help/Excel07/bas-starting.htm - topEntering Text
Excel allows you to enter text into cells.
1. Select the cell where you want to enter text 2. Type text into the cell 3. To accept the text, press [Enter] or an [Arrow] To force text to wrap at a specific point in a cell, press [Alt] + [Enter]
http://www.uwec.edu/help/Excel07/bas-starting.htm - top Entering Numbers
Numeric cells can be used for calculations and functions. A numeric cell
may contain numbers, a decimal point (.), plus (+) or minus (-) signs, and
currency ($).
1. Select the cell where you want to enter numbers
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2. Type the numeric information that should be in the cell HINT: To enter a fraction, type 0 and press [Space] before the fraction;
otherwise, Excel will interpret the fraction as a date.
3. To accept the information, press [Enter] or an [Arrow] NOTES:
Excel automatically right-aligns numerical values and left-aligns text.
Do not include spaces or alphabetical characters in a calculation cell.
http://www.uwec.edu/help/Excel07/bas-starting.htm -