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Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future

Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2019...Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future Computation‐Based

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Page 1: Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2019...Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future Computation‐Based

Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future

Page 2: Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2019...Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future Computation‐Based

Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future

Computation‐Based

Has gameplay, a pattern defined 

though a set of rules 

Changing objects over time: motion and 

deformation

Page 3: Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2019...Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future Computation‐Based

Animation Has Two Definitions

• (Narrowly) Animation as a graphics application– 2D cartoon animation– 2D/3D Animation movies

• (Broadly) Animation as a graphics technique– Producing special effects in movies and games– Animation movies– Gaming effect

Page 4: Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2019...Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future Computation‐Based

Graphics Pipeline• Time is continuous, but computers handle discrete data

Objectsin 

reference space

Time 0

Time 1

Time n

Geometry Modeling

Animation Rendering

Frame 0

Frame 1

Frame n

Display

Page 5: Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2019...Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future Computation‐Based

Graphics Pipeline

• I can generate the frames fast! (real‐time)– Generate one frame and then send it to display immediately

– Such as games

• I CANNOT generate the frames fast… (offline)– Save the frames into the disk

– Play them back in the future

– Such as movies

Page 6: Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2019...Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future Computation‐Based

Graphics Pipeline

• The data you can produce at each frame?

– Position

– Orientation

– Shape

– Appearance

– Phase change

Page 7: Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2019...Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future Computation‐Based

Computer Animation Perception

• Beta motion– Appearance of motion from a set of still images

• Flicker– Failure to achieve beta motion effect– Frame rate is too low (image update is too slow)

• Motion blur

Page 8: Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2019...Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future Computation‐Based

Computer Animation Perception

Page 9: Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2019...Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future Computation‐Based

Frame Rate• How many images are updated per second? (Frames per second, i.e., FPS)

Movie and TV Game LCD Display

24FPS Film

25FPS TV in Europe

30FPS Graphics Research

Standard for Action Games

48FPS Some films (Avatar, the Hobbit)

60FPS TV in the US, high‐end HDTV Standard

72FPS Experimental Can be higher

Page 10: Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2019...Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future Computation‐Based

Animations in Movies

from to

For another look at the history of animation, check outThe Art of Animation and Motion Graphics | Off Book | PBS

Page 11: Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2019...Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future Computation‐Based

Early Devices

Flipbook    Thaumatrop Zoetrope

Page 12: Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2019...Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future Computation‐Based

Conventional Animation

• Stuart Blackton (The first draw animation movie)– Humorous Phases of Funny Faces 

• Winsor McCay (The first keyframe cartoon)– Gertie the Dinosaur

Page 13: Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2019...Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future Computation‐Based

Conventional Animation Production

• Storyboard: the proposal• Model sheet: consistency• Animatic: storyboard with timing• Key frames & in‐betweens• Test shot• Pencil tests• Inking: drawings onto cells• Painting: coloring in• Sound: voice, body, special effects, background

Page 14: Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2019...Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future Computation‐Based

Modern Computer Animation Production

Story Dept.

Art Dept.

Modeling Dept. Lighting Dept.

Animation Dept.

Rendering Dept.

Page 15: Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2019...Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future Computation‐Based

The First Feature‐Length Computer‐Animated Film?

Made by Pixar, released by Walt Disney

Page 16: Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2019...Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future Computation‐Based

Sometimes, the movie is not solely made of animations…

Special Effects

Page 17: Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2019...Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future Computation‐Based

The Old Way to Create Special Effects

• Time consuming• Not reusable• Expensive?

Page 18: Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2019...Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future Computation‐Based

Computer Generated Special Effects(CGI: Computer Generated Imagery)

• Real‐world data capture (these exist in the real world)• Animation (those do not exist in the real world)• Composition: merging these two together

Page 19: Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2019...Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future Computation‐Based

Computer Generated Special Effects(CGI: Computer Generated Imagery)

• ILM Demo

• Weta Digital

Page 20: Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2019...Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future Computation‐Based

Leading Animation/Visual Effect Studios

Page 21: Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2019...Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future Computation‐Based

Your goal is to get the Academy Award in Visual Effects! 

Page 22: Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2019...Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future Computation‐Based

Your goal is to get the Academy Award in Visual Effects! 

Doug Roble, PhD in 1992, awarded in 2008 

Page 23: Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2019...Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future Computation‐Based

Your goal is to get the Academy Award in Visual Effects! 

Steve May, PhD in 1998, CTO of Pixar (2010 to Present)

Page 24: Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2019...Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future Computation‐Based

Computer Game History

• First games, consoles• Video game crash of 1983• 8 and 16 bit eras• 32 and 64 bit eras• Current era

For more on the history of games, check outThe Video Game Revolution | PBS

Page 25: Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2019...Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future Computation‐Based

Computer Games Today

• Multiple platforms– PC– Consoles– Tablets– Smart phones

• Multiple audiences– Hardcore– Casual– Online– Motion control

Page 26: Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2019...Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future Computation‐Based

How Game Companies Make Profit?

• Make a game, sell it...

• Free to play, but pay to win…–Many app games

• Subscription (MMORPG games)– New content– Uncertainty

Page 27: Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2019...Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future Computation‐Based

Game Development Process

• Concept• Design document• Prototype• Production

– Design, Levels– Programming– Art, Audio

• Testing• Deployment• Maintenance

Page 28: Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2019...Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future Computation‐Based

Read more at:http://vgsales.wikia.com/wiki/Video_game_costshttp://www.forbes.com/2006/12/19/ps3‐xbox360‐costs‐tech‐cx_rr_game06_1219expensivegames.html

Page 29: Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2019...Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future Computation‐Based

http://www.newgamernation.com/wp‐content/uploads/2011/05/game‐cost.jpg (Data from Forbes 2006 study)

Page 30: Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2019...Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future Computation‐Based

Types of Game Programming

• Game engine– Modeling and rendering– Animation

• Artificial Intelligence• Sound• Game logic / scripts• User Interfaces• Networking• Databases• Development tools• Systems/Parallel programming

Page 31: Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and …web.cse.ohio-state.edu/~wang.3602/courses/cse3541-2019...Computer Game and Animation Past, Present, and Future Computation‐Based

Minecraft RTX‐On