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“Computer Engineering” Yeditepe University April 19th, 2004 Mustafa Kandemir. Outline Introduction Computer Engineering IT Jobs Computers & Its Parts Database Datawarehouse & Datamining Telecommunication Major Types of Systems Conflicts Between Users and IT Person: Q&A. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University
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“Computer Engineering”Yeditepe UniversityApril 19th, 2004
Mustafa Kandemir
Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University
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Outline• Introduction
• Computer Engineering
• IT Jobs
• Computers & Its Parts
• Database
• Datawarehouse & Datamining
• Telecommunication
• Major Types of Systems
• Conflicts Between Users and IT Person:
• Q&A
Computer Engineering, Mustafa Kandemir, April 19th 2004, Yeditepe University
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My Working Life• Graduated from METU(Department Of Computer Engineering) in 1989.
• Completed MS for Informatics(Informatics Institute) in METU in 2004.
• 15 years of working mostly in development(sometimes project management).
• Unbelivable change in IT industry in that time.
• First PC' s( 4 PCs ) in 1985 in University, now almost everybody has one in their house or work.
• Old : PC with 5 Mhz CPU, No disk drive, monocolor screen, 32K pascal compiler with editor, DOS 3.0, 256KB memory
• Now: 2.x Ghz PCs laptops, with hundreds ob GB of disk, some GB of memory, with big, TFT color monitors.
• Software sizes up to Gigabytes
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Facts• Glorious times are behind.
• Try to go with technology.
• Improve your knowledge all the time.
• Be patient.
• Expect more challange by time
• Supply/Demand gap for IT personal decreased
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Computer Engineering• It is the application of CS.
• Are we really engineers ?
• What will you do in the future ?
• Programming is not everything.
• It is hard to decide a (job)role in business
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Jobs (1)
Hardware Related(body of computer)
• Integrated Circuit Design(CPU, other chips)
• Robotics
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Jobs (2)
Software Related (soul of computer)• System Analyst
• Software Development(desgn, code, test, deliver and maintain)
• Project Managament ( resource, budget, time management)
• Database Administraion (Design, Perf&Tuning, Back Up/Restore )
• Application Test & Support(Help Desk)
• Business Intelligence (DWH, OLAP, Query Tools, Datamining)
• System Admin ( Operating System Perf&Tuning, Back Up/Restore, Security )
• Operations Research
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Jobs(3)
Network related (Vessels)Network Administration
Other Jobs:Consultancy for some specific area (Network, Datawarehouse, DBMS, etc.)
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Others to be worked with:•Users(Anybody that uses computers in their daily work)(they need everthing !)
•Business Analysts (conflicts with IT personal)
•Operators
•Technicians(Network, PC)
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Management ? ( Müdür in Turkish)• Engineering or Management ? What do you prefer ?
• Both is not possible (My opinion)
• BS seems to be enogh to cope with engineering needs
• MS is good for academic life !
• MBA is good for management in finance
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IT & Business
BUSINESSBUSINESS
StrategyStrategy
RulesRules
ProceduresProcedures
ORGANIZATION ORGANIZATION INFORMATION SYSTEMINFORMATION SYSTEM
HARDWAREHARDWARE
SOFTWARESOFTWARE DATABASEDATABASE
TELE-TELE-COMMUNICATIONSCOMMUNICATIONS
INTERDEPENDENCEINTERDEPENDENCE
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INPUT
DEVICES
SECONDARY STORAGE
PRIMARY STORAGE
Hardware
CPU
OUTPUT DEVICES
COMMUNICATIONS DEVICES
BUSES
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Computer Generations
1. Vacuum tubes: 1946-1956
2. Transistors: 1957-1963
3. Integrated circuits: 1964-1979
4. Very large-scale integrated (vlsi) circuits: 1980- present
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SoftwareSoftware
HARDWAREHARDWARE
OPERATING SYSTEM:OPERATING SYSTEM:
SCHEDULED COMPUTER SCHEDULED COMPUTER EVENTS ALLOCATES EVENTS ALLOCATES COMPUTER RESOURCES COMPUTER RESOURCES MONITORS EVENTSMONITORS EVENTS
LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS:LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS:
INTERPRETERSINTERPRETERSCOMPILERSCOMPILERS
UTILITY PROGRAMS:UTILITY PROGRAMS:
ROUTINE OPERATIONSROUTINE OPERATIONSMANAGE DATAMANAGE DATA
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES: PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES:
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE; FORTRAN; ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE; FORTRAN; COBOL; PL / 1; QBASIC; PASCAL; C; C++; COBOL; PL / 1; QBASIC; PASCAL; C; C++;
“FOURTH GENERATION” LANGUAGES“FOURTH GENERATION” LANGUAGES
SYSTEM SOFTWARESYSTEM SOFTWARE
APPLICATION SOFTWAREAPPLICATION SOFTWARE
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Operating System
Manages & Controls Activities• Allocation & assignment• Scheduling• Monitoring• System residence device: secondary storage
device storing operating system
*
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Database(DBMS)
Organization’s electronic library
Stores & manages data
In a convenient form
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Components Of DBMS:
• DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE(DDL):– Defines Data Elements in Database
• DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGE(DML):– Manipulates Data for Applications
• DATA DICTIONARY:– Formal Definitions of all Variables in Database;
Controls Variety of Database Contents
*
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Structured Query Language (SQL)
• Emerging standard • Data manipulation language• For relational databases
*
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Advantages Of DBMS:
• Reduces complexity• Reduces data redundancy / inconsistency• Central control of data creation / definitions• Reduces program / data dependence• Reduces development / maintenance costs• Enhances system flexibility• Increases access / availability of information
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Database trends• DATA WAREHOUSE: Organization’s Electronic
Library Stores Consolidated Current & Historic Data for Management Reporting & Analysis
• DATA MART: small data warehouse for special function, e.g., focused marketing based on customer info
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Datawarehoue (DWH)• DWH vs Operatinal Data Store
• DWH is not a copy of ODS
• Transformed, Cleansed, historic, huge but easy to query data store
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Components Of Data Warehouse
INFORMATIONDIRECTORY
INTERNALDATASOURCES
EXTERNALDATASOURCES
OPERATIONAL,HISTORICAL DATA
DATA WAREHOUSE
EXTRACT,TRANSFORM
DATAACCESS &ANALYSIS
QUERIES &REPORTS
OLAP
DATA MINING
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Ware-housingEngines
Ware-housingEngines
Data ModelingOracle Data Mart Designer
Data Management
DataExtraction
Data Access & AnalysisQuery Tool &
Reporting
OLTPEnginesOLTP
Engines
OLTPDatabases
DWHDatabase
DBMS
SQL
Datawarehoue (DWH)
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Dataminig• Try to find something not known from data (by using patterns in data)
• Beer nearby snack, it is obvious !
• But, what about beer neraby baby napkin ?
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Data Mining Flow
Host Application
ProductionData
Predict
SourceData
SourceData
SourceData
SourceData
Decision Support
Mart
Transform
Clean
Model Predict
Evaluate
DeployExtract
Data Mining
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Business Intelligence Query Tools (Datawarehouse, OLAP, Datamining)• Easy to understand data model
• Esay to use GUI
• Fast Response
• Scheduling complex queries
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Business Intelligence Definitions
Knowledge discovery of hidden patterns and insights
“Insight and Prediction”
Who will buy a mutual fund in the next 6 months?
Extraction of detailed and summary data
“Information”
Who purchasedmutual funds in the last 3 years?
Summaries, trends and forecasts
“Analysis”
What is the income distribution of mutual fund buyers?
Query and Reporting OLAP Data Mining
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Telecommunications
Communicating information
Via electronic means
Over some distance
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Major Types of Information Systems
• Executive support systems (ESS)• Management information systems (MIS)• Decision support systems (DSS)• Knowledge work systems (KWS)• Office automation systems (OAS)• Transaction processing systems (TPS)
*
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Typical TPS Applications
• Scheduling; Purchasing; Shipping / Receiving; Engineering; Operations
• Materials Resource Planning Systems; Purchase Order Control Systems; Engineering Systems; Quality Control Systems
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Office Automation Systems (OAS)
• Toward a “Paperless” office• Redesign of work flow• Integrated software• Ergonomic design• Bright, cheerful work space
EXAMPLE: Presentation Graphics
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• Knowledge level• Inputs: design specs• Processing: modelling• Outputs: designs, graphics• Users: technical staff
EXAMPLE: Engineering Work Station
Knowledge Work Systems (KWS)
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• Structured & semi-structured decisions• Report control oriented• Past & present data• Internal orientation• Lengthy design process
Management Information Systems (MIS)
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• Management level• Inputs: low volume data• Processing: interactive• Outputs: decision analysis• Users: professionals, staff
EXAMPLE: Contract Cost Analysis
Decision Support Systems (DSS)
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Decision Support System(DSS)
TPSEXTERNAL
DATADSS DATA
BASE
DSS SOFTWARE SYSTEMMODELS
OLAP TOOLS
DATAMINING TOOLS
USERINTERFACE
USER
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• TPS: transaction processing system• MODEL: representation of a problem• OLAP: on-line analytical processing• USER INTERFACE: how user enters problem &
receives answers• DSS DATABASE: current data from applications
or groups
Decision Support System
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• DATA MINING: technology for finding relationships in large data bases for prediction
• DSS SOFTWARE SYSTEM: tools for data analysis
• SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS: “what-if” questions about changes in model factors
Decision Support System
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• Strategic Level• Inputs: Aggregate Data• Processing: Interactive• Outputs: Projections• Users: Senior Managers
EXAMPLE: 5 Year Operating Plan
Executive Support Systems (ESS)
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Interrelationships Among Systems
ESS
TPSKWS
OAS
DSSMIS
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Conflicts Between Users and IT Person: • User requires something• IT understands it differently• The result is somehow hybrid of the understanding of the both sides• No one will be happy
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HOW USERS SEES THE PROBLEM
HOW IT PERSON SEES THE PROBLEM
ACTUALLY THERE IS NO ONE AND ONLY ONE ANSWER
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Users:
• Don’t underestimate them• Dont’t think you are smarter than them• Don’t think you are stronger than them• Listen them carefully• Otherrwise you will be a cat like in the following picture .....
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USER
IT STAFF
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Questions
&
Answers