Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 2 CHAPTER 1 Computer Basics Section A PARSONS/OJA Computer, Internet, and Network Basics

Computer Concepts 5th EditionParsons/Oja

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CHAPTER

1

Computer Basics Section A

PARSONS/OJA

Computer, Internet, and Network Basics


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Chapter

1Chapter PREVIEW

Computer, Internet, and Network Basics

After this chapter, you should be able to: Describe the functions of a computer system Identify the components of a personal

computer system Describe operating systems Describe Internet communications and basic

features Explain how an e-mail system works


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(1) accepts data as input, (2) processes data, (3) stores data, 4) produces output

What are the functions of a computer system?


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Input Input provides data for the computing system

Words in a document Numbers for a calculation Pictures

Automation Scanners EDI

• Reduce errors

• Fast


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Input Voice Recognition

Problems• Training software

• Clear and precise enunciation

• Background noise


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Processing Processing is the way that a computer

manipulates data performing calculations sorting lists and numbers drawing graphs

A computer processes data in a device called the central processing unit (CPU)


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Data, Information, and Files

Data is defined as the symbols, raw facts or figures that represent people, events, things and ideas

Information is data that is presented in a format people can understand and use

Computers store data in digital format as a series of 1s and 0s. Each 1 or 0 is called a bit Eight bits is called a byte


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Output Computer output is the results produced by the

computer reports documents music graphs pictures

An output device displays, prints or transmits the results of processing


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Storage A computer stores data so that it will be available

for processing Memory is an area of a computer that holds data

that is waiting to be processed and for later use Temporary

Storage is the area where data can be left on a permanent basis


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What’s so significant about a computer’s ability to store instructions?

A stored program means that a series of instructions for a computing task can be loaded into a computer’s memory

This concept allows you to use your computer for multiple tasks over and over again


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A computer stores data in files, right?

A file is a named collection of data that exists on a storage medium

A data file contains data such as the text for a document Generally what you create

An executable file contains the programs or instructions that tell a computer how to perform a specific task

A filename extension describes a file’s contents EXE GIF

Back-up of computer files


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What is a personal computer system?

A personal computer system consists of the following: Computer system unit Display device Keyboard Mouse Floppy disk drive Hard disk drive


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CD-ROM or DVD drive / CD-writer Sound card and speakers Modem Printer


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What is a peripheral device?

A peripheral device designates equipment that might be added to a computer to enhance its functionality Printer Digital camera Scanner Joystick


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Application Software and Operating Systems Basics


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What is application software?

Application software is a set of computer programs that helps a person carry out a task Create, edit, and print documents Manage money accounts Create and edit home movies


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Is an operating system some type of application software?

An operating system is essentially the master controller for all activities that take place within a computer Acts as a “go between” for application

software and hardware Why you know the name Bill Gates Does this give Microsoft an advantage in

developing application software???


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What are the most popular operating systems?

Microsoft Windows Microsoft Antitrust case

Microsoft required computer makers to install Internet Explorer if they wanted to use Windows 95

• Designed to eliminate Netscape Navigator??

Federal judge ruled Microsoft was a monopoly and was abusing this power

Thankfully (for Microsoft) Bush was elected President and settlement was negotiated


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What are the most popular operating systems?

Mac OS Why you can’t run application software

designed for Windows on a Mac Linux

Free operating system• Stable

• Uses hardware efficiently

• Threat to Microsoft’s stranglehold on operating systems?

Unix


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How does an operating system affect compatibility?

Two of the most important factors that influence compatibility and define a computer’s platform are the microprocessor and the operating system Wintel

• Intel is the dominant force in microprocessors

• Windows is the primary operating system

• As a result, Microsoft and Intel have an extraordinary amount of clout in the computer industry


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How does the Internet work?

The Internet is an international computer network linked together to exchange data and distribute processing tasks

Developed from a military project to “harden” data communications infrastructure

Discussed further in Chapter 5


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Where is all of the Internet data stored?

It is estimated that the Internet provides access to more data than is stored in all the academic research libraries in the U. S.

Most of the information is stored on servers which are owned and maintained by government agencies, corporations, small businesses, schools, organizations, and even individuals


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What is the Web?

URL (Uniform Resource Locator) - the Internet address of a document on a computer begin with http://

HTTP: protocol that allows Web browsers to communicate with Web servers


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What is a browser?

Web browsers: software for accessing many types of servers Internet Explorer Netscape

• Application software or system software? A browser retrieves and displays web pages HTML: commands controlling the display of the

web pages


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Exactly what does a browser do?


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Internet Service Providers

What’s an ISP? An ISP: provides Internet access to businesses,

organizations, and individuals Local ISP: Consolidated Communications National ISP: AOL, MSN


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User ID’s and Passwords

A user ID: characters that becomes a person’s unique identifier

A password: is a different series of characters that verifies your identity


Passwords

What not to use any form of any name any or part of your user id phone number, birthday or anniversary license plate, social security or any number any word less than six characters

• software to crack passwords


Passwords

What to use easy to remember at least six characters can be typed quickly combination of letters, numbers, symbols

• 3nu$7%


Passwords

Creating easy and secure passwords an acronym, e.g. IlBUS1950! the first letters and numbers of a sentence.

• ImtTi1978.

• I moved to Texas in 1978. choose two short words and combine them

with a punctuation character• eiu+cold


Passwords

Don’t… write it down check “Remember my password” use simple reminders

Do… Change your password every two months Create different passwords for different types of

accounts• Low security: WebCT• High security: Online banking


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What sort of resources does the Internet provide?

Web Sites Search engines E-commerce: Chapter 6 E-mail Chat groups and instant messaging Internet telephony Broadcasting


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Web Sites –corporations, stores, magazines, and more

Domain names www.ford.com Not incredibly expensive

First come, first served www.isu.edu mcgradyproperties.com

Cybersquatting McDonalds.com Lawsuits

• Reynolds.com


Search engines

Search engines

Individual Meta

Searches

Limit searches to improve relevanceChicago Bears

“ChicagoCubs”

“Chicago Cubs”, + losers

Database of web pages

Cardinals, + winners


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Search Engines


Search engines

Search engines

Individual Meta


Spiders (bots) crawl through links

Index words on public web pages

Web page owners can submit pages

Searching index, not all of web!!

Searches

Some web page owners pay to have their pages shown

when you search for “commercial” topics


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How do I use a form to find information?


Search engines

Search engines

Individual Meta


google.com

Multiple search engines

dogpile.com

Topic Directory

Hierarchy of topics

yahoo.com

Only 60% overlap in search engine content

When should you use Yahoo instead

of a search engine??


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Chat groups and instant messaging – interaction between users in real time

Internet telephony – telephone-style conversations

Broadcasting – multicasting technology


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How do POP and SMTP work?

POP server –stores your incoming messages until they can be transferred to your computer

Using POP mail requires e-mail client software such as Microsoft Outlook

Outgoing mail is routed by an SMTP server


E-Mail

Sending E-mail

cc:

bcc:

Use bcc: to quickly send messages to

multiple “significant others”???


E-Mail

Responding to E-mail

Forward

Reply

Reply All

Responding to group messages

If you reply to a message from

the class listserv (the class e-mail list), who will receive your

reply???


E-MAIL

Managing E-mail

Move messages from your In-Box

Use folders

Delete messages you don’t move

Empty trash

Storage limits

Should you keep 472

messages in your In Box???


E-MAIL

Managing E-mail

Spam

Unsolicited commercial e-mail to multiple recipients

Unsubscribe??

Block Sender/Filters?? (BUS 1950)

Get a junk e-mail account

Should you respond to junk mail messages to unsubscribe from mailing

lists???


E-MAIL

E-mail privacy

Sending electronic postcard

Some employers monitor e-mail

Plaintiffs attorneys love e-mail

Prosecuting attorneys love e-mail

Should employers

monitor e-mail messages of

their employees??

? DonnelleysArcola

Microsoft Merrill Lynch

Bank of America


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What’s an e-mail attachment?

An e-mail attachment is a file that travels with a message to the recipient Easy way to send a virus

Documents

Computer Concepts 5th Edition Parsons/Oja Page 2 CHAPTER 1 Computer Basics Section A PARSONS/OJA Computer, Internet, and Network Basics