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20/11/2013
1
CAD SYSTEM
(Computer Aided Design)
20/11/2013
2
Contoh
penggunaan
sistem CAD
A photorealistic rendered image created by
using POV-Ray 3.6. The glasses, ashtray and
pitcher were modeled with Rhinoceros 3D and
the dice with Cinema 4D.
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An open surface with u- and
v-flow lines and Z-contours
shown.
wireframe
hidden edges
wireframe
uv isolines
Facet wireframe Facet shaded
reflected image
reflection linesshaded
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Visualization of how a car deforms in an asymmetrical
crash using finite element analysis.
CAEComputer-aided Engineering
CAD
(Computer-aided
Design)
CAA
(Computer-aided
Analysis)
CAM
(Computer-aided
Manufacturing)
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• Pemodelan geometri
• Analisis teknik
• Penyimpanan dan pemanggilan data
• Penggambaran otomatis
Pekerjaan Dasar yang Dilakukan dalam Sistem CAD
• Gambar pandangan ganda
• Wire frame modeling
• Surface modeling
• Solid modeling
• Membantu visualisasi. Ilustrasi
• Pandangan potongan pada berbagai sudut pandang
• Memperkecil kesalahan dalam produksi/pemesinan
• Menyediakan sifat-ifat massa (isi, berat, titik berat, momen inersia dll.)
Analisis Teknik
• Untuk perhitungan stress dan sifat-sifat sistem
Analisis yang digunakan:
Kelebihan Solid Modeling
Sifat-sifat massaFinite-element modeling
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Mulai
Masukan Data
Rancangan
Analisis Rancangan
Perhitungan Koordinat gbr., Ukuran benda
Dll.
Perhitungan Koordinat gbr.,
Ukuran benda dll.
Ukuran dan bahan(spesifikasi)
Membuat file Script
AutoCAD
Menjalankan Script
Penyelesaian Gambar
Gambar Model;Layout
SISTEM CAD (Program + Fasilitas AutoCAD)
SISTEM CAD untuk PISAU ROTARI
Mekanisme Kerja
Garu Rotari
Pisau Rotari
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Dasar Rancang Bangun Pisau Rotari
Bagian Pegangan
Bagian Pisau LurusBagian Ujung Pisau
Tahapan Perancangan Pisau RotariJari-jari
Kurva kelengkungan
Bagian sekop
Bagian pegangan
Lengkugan pisau
Ujung pisau
Pangkal dan
lengkungan
Bag. sekop
Potongan
Bag. sekop
Lengkung
belakang
Gambar kerja
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Contoh Hasil Perancangan Pisau Rotari
Sistem CAD Pisau Pemotong Rumput
Tipe Tipe slasherslasher
Mata pisauMata pisau
Tipe Tipe reelreel
Reel Bedknife
Tipe Tipe cutter barcutter bar
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Blade
Belum dipotong
Arah putar
Setelah dipotong
Rangka
Arah maju pemotongan
Bedknife
Poros
Mekanisme Pemotong Rumput (tipe reel)
QBasic
Input data
rancangan
AutoCAD
Pembuatan gambar
kerja otomatis
QBasic
Pengolahan data
rancangan
Pembuatan dan
penyimpanan file script
Data
rancangan
saran
Gambar
kerja
File-file script
Proses Perancangan
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Sudut potong (a)
Diameter reel (b)
Panjang reel (c)
Jumlah blade (d)
cc
bbdd
aa
Parameter Rancangan
Lebar blade (e)
Tebal blade (f)
Rake angle (g)
ff
ee
gg
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Rake angle & Penampang bladeRake angle & Penampang blade
Blade
Rake Angle
Rancangan model pisau tipe reel
Panjang = 540 mm
Diameter = 126 mm
Jumlah blade = 5 buah
Tebal blade = 3 mm
Lebar blade = 30 mm
Rake angle = 50
Blade
Rangka
Poros
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Hasil Gambar dari Program
PanjaPanja
ngng
(mm)
Jumlah bladeJumlah blade
3 3 55 88 1111
500500
700700
900900
• Code Program
• COLOR 11, 0: LOCATE 22, 21: INPUT "do you want to change data ?(Y/N):"; pil$
• IF pil$ = "Y" OR pil$ = "y" THEN GOTO 8
• 'PERHITUNGAN SUDUT POTONG
• PHI = 3.141593: KLL = DR * PHI: KLL1 = PR * TAN(SP / 57.29578)
• SUDUT1 = (KLL1 / KLL) * 360: S1 = SUDUT1
• 'PERHITUNGAN KOORDINAT REKE ANGLE,SUDUT POTONGPerhitungan Rake Angle, Sudut Potong
• X = 0: Y = 0: Z = 0
• RR = DR / 2: TB1 = TB / 2: TB2 = TB / 3: TB3 = TB / 6: TB4 = (2 * TB) / 3
• XSM = (TAN(30)) / TB4
• SSS4 = LB + XSM
• SSS5 = SQR(XSM ^ 2 + TB4 ^ 2)
• X0T1 = X + RR: Y0T1 = Y
• XT1 = X0T1: YT1 = Y0T1
• SXT1 = XT1 - .05: SYT1 = YT1 + .0001
• R1 = SQR(XT1 ^ 2 + YT1 ^ 2): K1 = YT1 / XT1: S2 = ATN(K1) * 57.29578
• TRI = SQR(RR ^ 2 - TB3 ^ 2): TRI1 = ATN(TRI / TB3) * 57.29578
• TRI4 = 90 - TRI1
• X0T2 = TB2 * SIN(TRI4 / 57.29578): Y0T2 = TB2 * COS(TRI4 / 57.29578)
• SX0T2 = X0T2 / 2: SY0T2 = Y0T2 / 2Perhitungan Koordinat titik-titik tepi blade
• XT2 = XT1 - X0T2: YT2 = YT1 + Y0T2
• SXT2 = XT1 - SX0T2: SYT2 = YT1 + SY0T2
• R2 = SQR(XT2 ^ 2 + YT2 ^ 2): K2 = YT2 / XT2: S3 = ATN(K2) * 57.29578
• X0T5 = LB * COS(RA / 57.29578): Y0T5 = LB * SIN(RA / 57.29578)
• SX0T5 = X0T5 / 2: SY0T5 = Y0T5 / 2
• XT5 = XT1 - X0T5: YT5 = YT1 + Y0T5
• SXT5 = XT1 - SX0T5: SYT5 = YT1 + SY0T5
• R5 = SQR(XT5 ^ 2 + YT5 ^ 2): K5 = YT5 / XT5: S6 = ATN(K5) * 57.29578
• X0T4 = TB * SIN(RA / 57.29578): Y0T4 = TB * COS(RA / 57.29578)
• SX0T4 = X0T4 / 2: SY0T4 = Y0T4 / 2
• XT4 = XT5 + X0T4: YT4 = YT5 + Y0T4
• SXT4 = XT5 + SX0T4: SYT4 = YT5 + SY0T4
• R4 = SQR(XT4 ^ 2 + YT4 ^ 2): K4 = YT4 / XT4: S5 = ATN(K4) * 57.29578
• PT4T3 = TB4 * TAN(30 / 57.29578): P43 = LB - PT4T3
• X0T3 = P43 * COS(RA / 57.29578): Y0T3 = P43 * SIN(RA / 57.29578)
• SX0T3 = X0T3 / 2: SY0T3 = Y0T3 / 2
• XT3 = XT4 + X0T3: YT3 = YT4 - Y0T3
• SXT3 = XT4 + SX0T3: SYT3 = YT4 - SY0T3
• R3 = SQR(XT3 ^ 2 + YT3 ^ 2): K3 = YT3 / XT3: S4 = ATN(K3) * 57.29578
Perhitungan Rake Angle, Sudut Potong
Perhitungan Koordinat titik-titik tepi blade
Code Program
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• 'PERHITUNGAN PILIHAN SISI ATAS1
• SXT1A = R1 * COS((S1 + S2) / 57.29578): SYT1A = R1 * SIN((S1 + S2) / 57.29578)
• „Perhitungan Sisi Atas
• SXT2A = R2 * COS((S1 + S3) / 57.29578): SYT2A = R2 * SIN((S1 + S3) / 57.29578)
• SXT3A = R3 * COS((S1 + S4) / 57.29578): SYT3A = R3 * SIN((S1 + S4) / 57.29578)
• SXT4A = R4 * COS((S1 + S5) / 57.29578): SYT4A = R4 * SIN((S1 + S5) / 57.29578)
• SXT5A = R5 * COS((S1 + S6) / 57.29578): SYT5A = R5 * SIN((S1 + S6) / 57.29578)
• 'PERHITUNGAN PILIH SISI BAWAH
• SXT1 = (XT1 + XT2) / 2: SXT2 = (XT2 + XT3) / 2
• „Perhitungan Sisi Bawah
• SXT3 = (XT3 + XT4) / 2: SXT4 = (XT4 + XT5) / 2
• SXT5 = (XT5 + XT1) / 2: SYT1 = (YT1 + YT2) / 2
• SYT2 = (YT2 + YT3) / 2: SYT3 = (YT3 + YT4) / 2
• SYT4 = (YT4 + YT5) / 2: SYT5 = (YT5 + YT1) / 2
• 'PERHITUNGAN SISI ATAS OKEY
• SXT1ATAS = (SXT1A + SXT2A) / 2: SXT2ATAS = (SXT2A + SXT3A) / 2
• SXT3ATAS = (SXT3A + SXT4A) / 2: SXT4ATAS = (SXT4A + SXT5A) / 2
• SXT5ATAS = (SXT5A + SXT1A) / 2: SYT1ATAS = (SYT1A + SYT2A) / 2
• SYT2ATAS = (SYT2A + SYT3A) / 2: SYT3ATAS = (SYT3A + SYT4A) / 2
• SYT4ATAS = (SYT4A + SYT5A) / 2: SYT5ATAS = (SYT5A + SYT1A) / 2
• „Mulai Membuat File Script untuk Gambar Isometri
• 'PROSES PENGGAMBARAN REEL ISOMETRI
• CLS : LOCATE 15, 15: COLOR 5, 0
• COLOR 5, 5: CLS : COLOR 3, 0
• LOCATE 10, 10: PRINT “ "
• FOR az = 1 TO 8
Perhitungan Sisi Atas
Perhitungan Sisi Bawah
Mulai Membuat File Script
untuk Gambar Isometri
• LOCATE 10 + az, 10: PRINT "³ ³"
• NEXT az
• LOCATE 18, 10: PRINT “ "
• LOCATE 12, 20
• PRINT "Please Wait for a minute "
• OPEN "O", 1, "C:iso.SCR"
• LOCATE 15, 20
• PRINT "Your data is being saved at File C:Iso.SCR"
• LOCATE 17, 30
• INPUT "go.... (Y/N):", PILL$
• IF PILL$ = "Y" OR PILL$ = "y" GOTO 19
• IF PILL$ = "N" OR PILL$ = "n" GOTO 200
• 19 OPEN "O", 1, "C:iso.SCR"
• PRINT #1, "-layer": PRINT #1, "n": PRINT #1, "Rangka": PRINT #1, "s"
• PRINT #1, "Rangka": PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "COLOR": PRINT #1, "1"
• PRINT #1, "CIRCLE"
• WRITE #1, X, Y, Z - 100: PRINT #1, "D": PRINT #1, "25"
• PRINT #1, "EXTRUDE"
• WRITE #1, X + 12.5, Y, Z - 100: PRINT #1, "": WRITE #1, PR + 200
• PRINT #1, ""
• PRINT #1, "COLOR"
• PRINT #1, "6": PRINT #1, "CIRCLE"
• WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "D": WRITE #1, DR - LB
• PRINT #1, "EXTRUDE"
• WRITE #1, X + ((DR - LB) / 2), Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "5"
• PRINT #1, ""
• IF PR < 400 GOTO 20
• WRITE #1, X + 12.5, Y, Z - 100
• IF PR >= 400 AND PR <= 600 GOTO 30
• IF PR >= 600 AND PR <= 800 GOTO 40
• IF PR >= 800 AND PR <= 1000 GOTO 50
• IF PR > 1000 GOTO 60
• 20 RANGKA = (PR - 60) / 2: GOTO 70
• 30 RANGKA = (PR - 60) / 3: GOTO 80
• 40 RANGKA = (PR - 60) / 4: GOTO 90
• 50 RANGKA = (PR - 60) / 5: GOTO 100
• 60 RANGKA = (PR - 60) / 6: GOTO 110
• 70 PRINT #1, "COPY"
Membuka File #1 :C:iso.SCR
Untuk Script Gambar
OPEN "O", 1, "C:iso.SCR"
Memasukkan Command - (gbr lingkaran) ke
File #1
PRINT #1, "CIRCLE"
Cara Memasukkan Koordinat
WRITE #1, X + 12.5, Y, Z - 100
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• 70 PRINT #1, "COPY"
• WRITE #1, X + ((DR - LB) / 2), Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "M"
• WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30: WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 1)
• WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + PR - 30
• PRINT #1, "": GOTO 120
• 80 PRINT #1, "COPY"
• WRITE #1, X + ((DR - LB) / 2), Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "M"
• WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30: WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 1)
• WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 2): WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + PR - 30
• PRINT #1, "": GOTO 120
• 90 PRINT #1, "COPY"
• WRITE #1, X + ((DR - LB) / 2), Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "M"
• WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30: WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 1)
• WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 2)
• WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 3)
• WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + PR - 30
• PRINT #1, "": GOTO 120
• 100 PRINT #1, "COPY"
• WRITE #1, X + ((DR - LB) / 2), Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "M"
• WRITE #1, X + ((DR - LB) / 2), Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "M"
• WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30: WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 1)
• WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 2): WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + PR - 30
•
• WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30: WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 1)
• WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 2)
• WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 3)
• WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 4)
• WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + PR - 30
• PRINT #1, "": GOTO 120
• 110 PRINT #1, "COPY"
• WRITE #1, X + ((DR - LB) / 2), Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "M"
Memasukkan Command - (copy) ke
File #1
PRINT #1, "COPY"
Memasukkan data koordinat lanjutan untuk Command Copy:
WRITE #1, X + ((DR - LB) / 2), Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "M"
WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30: WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 1)
WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30 + (RANGKA * 2): WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + PR - 30
Command: script(untuk menjalankan file script)
Masukkan nama file-nya (atau cari)
namafile.scr
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Buat Model dengan
Perintah Baris
Perhatikan urutan
perintahnya
Perintah Baris dalam AutoCAD
Garis lurus
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Lingkaran
Lengkungan
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Lengkungan
Latihan 1
Gambarlah hasil perintah baris pada AutoCAD
berikut:
Line
0,0
100,0
100,50
0,50
0,0
Circle
50,25
25
EOF
OPEN "O", 1, "C:Contoh.SCR"
X1=0:Y1=0:X2=100:Y2=50:YL=25:RAD=25
Print #1, “Line”
Write #1, X1,Y1
Write #1,X2, Y2
Write #1,X2,Y2
Write #1,X1,Y2
Write #1, X1,Y1
Print #1, “ ”
Print #1, “Circle”
Write #1,X3, YL
Print #1, RAD
Close #1
END
Isi script
Contoh
programnya
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Latihan 2 Gambarlah hasil perintah baris pada AutoCAD
berikut:Line
100,100
70,100
50,80
100,80
100,100
Circle
50,80
20
Circle
50,80
10
Circle
100,70
D
20
Circle
100,70
D
10
Line
30,60
110,60
EOF
Latihan 3 Gambarlah hasil perintah baris pada AutoCAD
berikut:
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Latihan 4 Susunlah urutan perintah penggambaran dalam AutoCAD
untuk menggambar bentuk di bawah ini :
100
R 20 R 20
R 40R 40
Latihan 5 Susunlah File Script untuk penggambaran bentuk di
bawah ini :
100
R 20 R 20
R 40R 40
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Latihan 6 Susunlah Program dalam BASIC untuk membuat File
Script untuk penggambaran bentuk di bawah ini (JP,
RL dan RD sebagai INPUT):
JP
RD RD
RLRL
Menggambar cylinder
X
YZ
Z=0
center point for
base of cylinder
height of
cylinder
radius for base
of cylinder
(X,Y,Z)
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Gambar hasilnya!
Command: cylinder
Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4
Specify center point for base of cylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: 200,200,100
Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]: 125
Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]: 50
Command:
Command: cylinder
Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4
Specify center point for base of cylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: 200,200,100
Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]: 80
Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]: 150
Command: cylinder
Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4
Specify center point for base of cylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: 200,200,100
Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]: 40
Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]: 150
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Command: cylinder
Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4
Specify center point for base of cylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: 200,200,100
Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]: 80
Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]: 150
Command: cylinder
Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4
Specify center point for base of cylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: 200,200,100
Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]: 40
Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]: 150
Command: subtract
Select solids and regions to subtract from ..
Select objects: 160,200,100
1 found
Select objects:
Select solids and regions to subtract ..
Select objects: 120,200,100
1 found
Select objects:
Cylinder yang
dikurangi
Cylinder yang
mengurangi
Contoh Program BASIC
untuk Script Gambar Silinder
CLS
INPUT “PANJANG SILINDER:”, PS
DS=0.1*PS
R=0.5*DS
OPEN “O”, 1, “C:SILINDER.SCR”
PRINT #1, “CYLINDER”
PRINT #1, “”
WRITE #1, 100,100,100
PRINT #1, R
PRINT #1, PS
CLOSE #1
END
PS
R Center point for
base of cylinder
(100,100,100)
