COMPUTERComputer is an electronic device or programmable machine that manipulates information or data (input) and produces the result (output). It has the ability of storing, retrieving and processing the data. It is composed of hardware and software in it.Functioning

Input Devices Access the dataCentral Processing Unit (CPU) Process the dataOutput Devices- Produces the resultStorage Devices (RAM) Stores the resultHope!! You understood this concept how computer access the data (input) and provides the output using some major components. Explanation is given for each and every component at belowHARDWARETerm hardware refers to physical components or elements of the computer like keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, Printer, Disk and Chips

SOFTWARETerm Software refers to set of instructions that tell the hardware what to do. Software will be loaded from Disk to RAM (Random Access Memory) Some of the examples are Games, web browsers and word processors such as Microsoft wordCan a computer run without software??? Yes, it is possible .But if u wants to create some documents and power points you need some softwares. For example if you want to create a document you need word processor Software will give some additional capabilities to your computer HARDWARE COMPONENTSInternal hardware components CPU Mother Board RAM Sound Card Video Card Hard Drive DVDExternal Hardware components Keyboard Mouse Printer Scanner Monitor SpeakersInput Devices (accesses the data)Devices which helps us to interact with computer is nothing but input devicesEx: Keyboard and MouseOutput Devices (provides the output)Devices which sends back the information to you is nothing but Output DevicesEx: Monitor and Printer

Central Processing Unit (processes the data)Central Processing Unit (CPU) Central Processing Unit is also called as the Brain of the Computer or Main Processor which controls all the systems inner functions. It is very easy to replace because it is inserted into the socket and is not soldered onto the motherboardA computer may contain more than one CPU which is nothing but MULTIPROCESSINGTwo main parts of CPU are Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) Control Unit (CU).Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): ALU is also called as basic building blocks of Central Processing Unit, which performs all arithmetic and logical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and divisionControl Unit (CU): Control Unit controls the entire processing. It helps in the communication between Memory and ALU

Memory (stores the result)A place where we can store the data or set of instructions to access them while performing the operationsThere are two types of memories (storage devices) RAM (Random Access Memory) ROM (Read Only Memory)RAM (Random Access Memory)RAM (Random Access Memory) is one of the storage devices which performs both read and write operations. But RAM is Volatile in nature it loses the data when there is no power supply. It is fast while programming when compared to ROMThere are two types of RAM DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) SRAM ( Static Random Access Memory)ROM (Read Only Memory)Main advantage of ROM is that we can easily alter the data or reprogrammable. Advantage of ROM is Non Volatile in nature which does not loses any data when there is no power supply. Motherboard may consist of more than one ROM chips.Types of ROM ROM- Read only Memory PROM- Programmable Read only Memory EPROM- Erasable Programmable Read only Memory EEPROM- Electrically Erasable Programmable Read only Memory Flash EEPROM memoryRANDOM ACCESS MEMORY(RAM)READ ONLY MEMORY(ROM)

VolatileNon-Volatile

Both Read and WriteOnly Read

Data is TemporaryData is Permanent(Reusable)

Faster While ProgrammingSlower

High CostLow Cost

Larger in SizeSmaller in Size

OPERATING SYSTEMS (OS)Operating System is a type of software that allows computer hardware to communicate with software. A computer without OS is a mere machineEx: DOS (Disk Operating System), Linux, SolarisTypes of operating systemsGraphical User Interface (GUI)GUI is an interface, which allows us to interact with electronic devices like mobiles, gaming devices and Mp3 players using some graphical iconsEx:Windows 98, Windows CE, System 7.XMulti-user operating systemApplication software which allows multiple users to access the computer with time sharing systemEx: Linux, UNIX, Windows 2000Multiprocessor operating systemAn operating system which supports the utilization of two or more processors on single computer Ex: Linux, UNIX, Windows 2000Multi-TaskingAn operating system which supports multiple processes at the time Ex: Unix, Windows 2000MultithreadingThis operating system will allows the software to perform some parts of program to run concurrentlyEx: Linux, UNIX, Windows 2000