Computer 05

8/2/2019 Computer 05

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Biocomputing:

Computing Applications in theBiological Sciences

BIOS 480

Computer Anatomy

Biocomputing:

Computing Applications in theBiological Sciences

BIOS 480

Computer Anatomy

Revised: 8-10-05Revised: 8-10-05


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Basic ComponentsBasic Components

Form FactorForm Factor

ATxATx

CaseCase

Power SupplyPower Supply

MotherboardMotherboard

Expansion CardsExpansion Cards

Input DevicesInput Devices

Output DevicesOutput Devices

Storage DevicesStorage Devices


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Cases:Cases:

DesktopDesktop MiniMini--towertower

TowerTower

ServerServer


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Power Supply:Power Supply:

ATXATX Generally 90Generally 90 --

250 watts250 watts

To MotherboardTo Motherboard

To DrivesTo Drives


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Motherboard:Motherboard:


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Motherboard Components: CPUMotherboard Components: CPU

Microprocessor or CentralMicroprocessor or Central ProcesssingProcesssing

UnitUnit

Flavors:

Intel AMD

Advanced Micro Devices

Cyrix


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Pentium IIPentium II

Pentium IIIPentium III

CeleronCeleron

Pentium IVPentium IV

Microprocessors or Central Processing Units:

Intel x86 Architecture

80868086

286286

386 / 386386 / 386 sxsx

486486 dxdx / 486/ 486 sxsx

PentiumPentium--SSPentium ProPentium Pro

Pentium MMXPentium MMX


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MB - MicroprocessorsMB - Microprocessors

PC CPUsPC CPUs -- HistoricHistoric

80868086: (1978) 29k Transistors: (1978) 29k Transistors

IBM PC / 4.7 to 10IBM PC / 4.7 to 10 mHzmHz

Pentium IVPentium IV (2002) 55 m Transistors(2002) 55 m Transistors

up to 3.2up to 3.2 gHzgHz


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The Pentium 4 processor is available at speeds ranging from

1.30 to 3.2 GHz.

Featuring the new Intel NetBurst micro-architecture.

The Pentium 4 processor supports Intel's highest performancedesktop system bus by delivering 3.2 GB of data per second into

and out of the processor for sustained M800-mHz data transfers.

This compares to 1.06 GB/s delivered on the Pentium III

processor's 133-MHz system bus.

Fully compatible with existing Intel Architecture-based

software.

Internet Streaming SIMD Extensions.

Intel MMX media enhancement technology.

Memory cacheability up to 4 GB of addressable memory space

and system memory scalability up to 64 GB of physical memory.

Based upon Intel's 0.18 micron manufacturing process.

Pentium IV:


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PentiumPentium -- SS

PentiumPentium -- IVIV

PentiumPentium -- IIIIII


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SocketSocket vsvs SlotSlot


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CPU Pin Outs, PentiumCPU Pin Outs, Pentium vsvs 486486


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Motherboard: ChipsetMotherboard: Chipset


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MB - ChipsetMB - Chipset

A collection of chips (integrated circuits),A collection of chips (integrated circuits),

such as the programmable interruptsuch as the programmable interrupt

controller, that support the CPU.controller, that support the CPU.


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Motherboard: Memory - ROMMotherboard: Memory - ROM


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Memory - ROM / CMOS RAMMemory - ROM / CMOS RAM

ROMROM: Read Only Memory: Read Only MemorySemiSemi--permanentpermanent

e.g. ROMe.g. ROM BIOSBIOS (Basic Input Output System)(Basic Input Output System)

e.g. AMI, Phoenix, Awarde.g. AMI, Phoenix, Award

CMOS RAMCMOS RAM

Complimentary metal oxide superconductorComplimentary metal oxide superconductor

BatteryBattery--backed memory used to store systembacked memory used to store system

specific parameters required by the systemspecific parameters required by the system

BIOS to boot.BIOS to boot.


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Motherboard: RAMMotherboard: RAM


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Memory - RAMMemory - RAM

Classic Simms and

Dimms

Rambus Rimms and Continuity

Modules


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Motherboard: Data BusMotherboard: Data Bus


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MB - Data BusMB - Data Bus

1979:1979: ISAISA -- Industry Standard ArchitectureIndustry Standard Architecture19811981 -- IBM XT: 8 bit BusIBM XT: 8 bit Bus

19841984 -- IBM AT: 16 bit BusIBM AT: 16 bit Bus 1987:1987: EISAEISA -- Extended ISA (32 bit)Extended ISA (32 bit)

1987:1987: MCAMCA -- MicrochannelMicrochannel ArchitectureArchitecture 1990:1990: VESAVESA -- Local Bus (32 bit)Local Bus (32 bit)

1993:1993: PCIPCI -- Peripheral ComponentsPeripheral ComponentsInterface (32 bit)Interface (32 bit)

1998:1998: AGPAGP -- Accelerated Graphics PortAccelerated Graphics Port


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MB - Data Bus: Edge ConnectorsMB - Data Bus: Edge Connectors


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Expansion Cards (Adaptors)Expansion Cards (Adaptors)

Usually Integrated NowadaysUsually Integrated Nowadays FDD / HDD ControllerFDD / HDD Controller

I/OI/O -- Parallel / Serial Com BoardParallel / Serial Com Board

Often Integrated on Budget SystemsOften Integrated on Budget Systems VideoVideo

SoundSound

Network Interface Card (NIC)Network Interface Card (NIC)


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Expansion Cards (Adaptors)Expansion Cards (Adaptors)

Other AddOther Add OnsOns SCSI (Small Computer Systems Interface)SCSI (Small Computer Systems Interface)

IEEEIEEE--1394 (FireWire or1394 (FireWire oriLinkiLink))

VideoCaptureVideoCapture

USBUSB -- Universal Serial BusUniversal Serial Bus

ModemModem


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Expansion Cards (Adaptors)Expansion Cards (Adaptors) SCSI (Small Computer Systems Interface)SCSI (Small Computer Systems Interface)

IEEEIEEE--1394 (FireWire or I1394 (FireWire or I--Link)Link)


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Modems: Internal / ExternalModems: Internal / External

Modems and Broadband ConnectivityModems and Broadband Connectivity Modem (Modem (MODMODulationulation -- DEMDEModulationodulation))

Classic Modems on POTSClassic Modems on POTS Plain Old Telephone SystemPlain Old Telephone System

The Old DaysThe Old Days

1,200 baud to 33.61,200 baud to 33.6 kbskbs v90 and K2 Standards 56v90 and K2 Standards 56 kbskbs

ISDN:ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network (128 kbs)

Broad BandBroad Band ADSLADSL -- Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line (POTS)Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line (POTS)

Cable Modem (COAX)Cable Modem (COAX)

Satellite (COAX / POTS)Satellite (COAX / POTS)


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Modems: Internal / ExternalModems: Internal / External External:External:

Cable Modem withCable Modem with

coaxcoax--in and cat5in and cat5 -- RJ45RJ45

terminationtermination

56 K modem with56 K modem withpots/RJ11pots/RJ11 -- in andin and

serial terminationserial termination

InternalInternal

33.6 K ISA bus modem33.6 K ISA bus modem

card with RJ11card with RJ11 -- inin


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Modular Connectors:Modular Connectors:


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Storage Devices (Drives):Storage Devices (Drives):


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Storage Devices:Storage Devices:

FDDFDD -- Floppy Disk DriveFloppy Disk Drive

3.5, HD 1.443.5, HD 1.44 mbmb (LD:720 kb)(LD:720 kb)

HDDHDD -- Hard Disk Drive Types:Hard Disk Drive Types: 4040 gbgb typicaltypical

EIDEEIDE -- Enhanced Integrated Drive ElectronicsEnhanced Integrated Drive ElectronicsSATASATASerial ATASerial ATA


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Removable Media:Removable Media:

DVD Digital Versatile DiscDVD Digital Versatile Disc (8.5(8.5 gbgb))

CDCD--ROMROM (650(650 mbmb))

CDCD--WriteableWriteable

CDCD--ReWritableReWritable

ZipZip (100(100 mbmb) (250) (250 mbmb -- 750750 mbmb))

JazzJazz (1,000(1,000 mbmb) (2) (2 gbgb))

MOMO: Magneto: Magneto--opticaloptical

Tape: Up to 320Tape: Up to 320 gbgb (DLT)(DLT)

RecentRecent

Portable USB/IEEE 1394 Hard DisksPortable USB/IEEE 1394 Hard Disks

Memory Cards and Memory SticksMemory Cards and Memory Sticks

Jump DrivesJump Drives


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Recent Storage Devices and Media:Recent Storage Devices and Media:

FirewireFirewire -- hardhard

diskdisk

USB FlashUSB Flash

memory readermemory reader

and mediaand media


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MediaMedia


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I/O: InputI/O: Input

KeyboardKeyboard

MouseMouse

VoiceVoice

JoystickJoystick


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I/O: InputI/O: Input

Scanners / Digitizing TabletsScanners / Digitizing Tablets


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I/O: Output - Displays

(Monitors):

I/O: Output - Displays

(Monitors):

VGAVGA -- Video GraphicsVideo Graphics

AdapterAdapter

SVGASVGA -- Super VGASuper VGAXVGAXVGA

Dot Pitch / FrequencyDot Pitch / Frequency

ResolutionResolution

Refresh RateRefresh Rate


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I/O: Output - Displays:

LCD Displays

I/O: Output - Displays:

LCD Displays

Flat Panel LCD

Advanced Digital FlexRes

Technology

Built-In Stereo Speakers

Dual Inputs for Analog and

Digital (HD15/DVI-I)


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I/O: OutputI/O: OutputColor DepthColor Depth

65,000 colors, 24 million colors65,000 colors, 24 million colors

((HiColorHiColor,, True ColorTrue Color))

resolutionsresolutions --

1024x768, 1280x1024, 1600x12001024x768, 1280x1024, 1600x1200


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I/O: OutputI/O: OutputPrintersPrinters

LaserjetLaserjet

Dye SublimationDye Sublimation

InkjetInkjet

Dot MatrixDot Matrix

DaisywheelDaisywheel

PlottersPlottersSoundSound

CC AudioAudio -- VideoVideo


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Convergence:Convergence: AudioAudio VideoVideo

Home TheaterHome Theater

Home Automation (XHome Automation (X--10)10)


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Convergence:

Internet

Convergence:

Internet

Documents

Computer 05