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Jan 2012 CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft Aerodynamics Computational Fluid Dynamics Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft Presented by Dr. Klaus Becker / Aerodynamic Strategies

Computational Fluid Dynamics - HAW Hamburg€¦ · Computational Fluid Dynamics – the Principle CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

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Page 1: Computational Fluid Dynamics - HAW Hamburg€¦ · Computational Fluid Dynamics – the Principle CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

Aerodynamics

Computational Fluid DynamicsIndustrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraftg y

Presented byDr. Klaus Becker / Aerodynamic Strategiesy g

Notiz
BECKER, Klaus: "Computational Fluid Dynamics - Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft". Vortragsreihe RAeS, DGLR, VDI, HAW Hamburg, 2012-01-26, HAW Hamburg. - Download: http://hamburg.dglr.de
Page 2: Computational Fluid Dynamics - HAW Hamburg€¦ · Computational Fluid Dynamics – the Principle CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

Contents

Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

• Aerodynamic Vision – where do we go?Aerodynamic Vision where do we go?• Numerical Simulation – what is it?• CFD – typical pictures and examplesCFD typical pictures and examples

• meshing, modelling, quality of results• CFD – what is it used for?• Some challenges• Route to the future

© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

Page 2

Page 3: Computational Fluid Dynamics - HAW Hamburg€¦ · Computational Fluid Dynamics – the Principle CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

Aerodynamics is a Major Contributor to …

Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

Overall Community & Company VisionOverall Community & Company VisionThe European aviation community leads the world in sustainable aviation products and services, meeting the needs of global citizens and society *)meeting the needs of global citizens and society.*)

Major 2050 GoalsMajor 2050 Goals**)**)

•• COCO22 reduced by 75%, reduced by 75%, NONOxx by 90% and perceived noise by by 90% and perceived noise by 22 y ,y , xx y p yy p y65%, relative to typical new aircraft in 200065%, relative to typical new aircraft in 2000

•• Certification cost reduced by 50% through leading new Certification cost reduced by 50% through leading new standardsstandards

•• Leading edge design manufacture & integrationLeading edge design manufacture & integration•• Leading edge design, manufacture & integration Leading edge design, manufacture & integration maintainedmaintained

•• Jointly defined European research and innovation Jointly defined European research and innovation strategies, from basic research to demonstrators strategies, from basic research to demonstrators

•• Strategic European aeronautic test, simulation and Strategic European aeronautic test, simulation and development facilities identified, maintained and development facilities identified, maintained and continuously developedcontinuously developed

© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

*) Flightpath 2050 Vision, supported by Airbus**) agreed and presented in Flightpath 2050Page 3

Page 4: Computational Fluid Dynamics - HAW Hamburg€¦ · Computational Fluid Dynamics – the Principle CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

Aerodynamic Simulation

Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

ExperimentMethod Theoretical / Numerical

Wind tunnelFlying aircraft

Simulationmachine

Computer

Ph i l / th ti l„Real“ imageModel Physical / mathematicalmodels of nature

Both types of simulation do have advantages, drawbacks and limitsBoth techniques complement each otherBoth methods are further being needed and developed

© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

Both methods are further being needed and developed

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Page 5: Computational Fluid Dynamics - HAW Hamburg€¦ · Computational Fluid Dynamics – the Principle CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

Computational Fluid Dynamics – the Principle

Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

Geometry, flight conditions

CADCATIA V5

Physical modelof flow conservation laws of nature – 5+2 equations

Discretization 10-50 Mio. mesh pointsMesh GeneratorICEM/Centaur/SOLAR

NumericalSolution

0.915476 0.934722 0.9956420.936521 0.968456 0.97385350-350 Mio. numbers

Flow SolverelsA/TAU

Evaluation Lift: 0.5Drag: 0.025

PostprocessingFFDx/ENSIGHT etc.

Moment: -0.08 Flow,

Aero Data Q li Di i i Si f k C / i

© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

Problem: Quality ⇔ Discretization error ⇔ Size of task ⇔ Cost/time

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Page 6: Computational Fluid Dynamics - HAW Hamburg€¦ · Computational Fluid Dynamics – the Principle CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

CFD Models

Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

Refinement of Physical ModelsFull AircraftConfigurations

FlowProperties

ReducedConfigurationalC l it

ComplexConfigurationsWake Vortex

Configurations

Properties108

106

ComplexityViscous FlowTurbulent Flow

ReducedConfigurationalComplexitySimpleVortex Models

InviscidFlowComplexConfigurationsVortex Flow

Wake VortexSeparation

104

A319A330/340

A340-500/600

102A320 A380

Vortex ModelsSubsonic Flow

A350ProblemSize

Go ahead

Configuration

A310 A3211965 1975 19951985

102A318A320

A3002005

A380Size

g

CFD-Model Navier-StokesEquations

EulerEquations

PotentialEquation

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Page 6

Page 7: Computational Fluid Dynamics - HAW Hamburg€¦ · Computational Fluid Dynamics – the Principle CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

Expected Improvement Lines for CFD/WTT

Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

CFD WTM€

Cost CFD WTCost

New model technologies/

High Re testing/ improved strategies

improved WTtechnologies/ rapidprototyping

improved CFD

improvement of algorithms & hardware

intelligentmeshes

improved CFD

Number of simulations > 10.000

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Page 7

Page 8: Computational Fluid Dynamics - HAW Hamburg€¦ · Computational Fluid Dynamics – the Principle CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

CFD

Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

Page 8

Page 9: Computational Fluid Dynamics - HAW Hamburg€¦ · Computational Fluid Dynamics – the Principle CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

CFD Status: mesh generation

Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

Page 9

Page 10: Computational Fluid Dynamics - HAW Hamburg€¦ · Computational Fluid Dynamics – the Principle CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

CFD Status: Flow physical modelling

Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

• Significant improvement in flow modelling• RSM turbulence model clearly favourable to classical 1- or 2-eqn modelsy q• Much better prediction of shock-induced separation

© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. 31/01/2012Page 10

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Page 11: Computational Fluid Dynamics - HAW Hamburg€¦ · Computational Fluid Dynamics – the Principle CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

Use of CFD

Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

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Page 11

Page 12: Computational Fluid Dynamics - HAW Hamburg€¦ · Computational Fluid Dynamics – the Principle CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

CFD Purpose: Predict Unsteady Aerodynamic Effects

Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

• Unsteady simulation on installed rotor configuration • Validation investigation on A400M and IPEKA test models• Chimera mesh technique with combined structured & unstructured meshes

© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

Page 12

Page 13: Computational Fluid Dynamics - HAW Hamburg€¦ · Computational Fluid Dynamics – the Principle CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

CFD Purpose: Support engine integration

Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

Stream Lines and x-velocity(CT= -0.2, decelerated flow)

Stream Lines and x-velocity(CT= -0.6, reverse flow)

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Page 14: Computational Fluid Dynamics - HAW Hamburg€¦ · Computational Fluid Dynamics – the Principle CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

CFD Purpose: Support WT test set-up and analysis

Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

• Consistent CFD application helps to

d t d WTunderstand WT results and create confidence

• Lessons learnt:Lessons learnt:best match with WT only via completesimulation of experiment (support, flexibility, walls, ...)

© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

Page 14

Page 15: Computational Fluid Dynamics - HAW Hamburg€¦ · Computational Fluid Dynamics – the Principle CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

CFD Purpose: Predict Aerodynamics on “true” shapes

Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

• High Fidelity CFD/CSM applied to aileron/spoiler case• Validation of CFD/CSM model on ETW wind tunnel data• Mesh deformation and CFD-CSM transfer interfaces independent of specific CFD

© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

Page 15

Page 16: Computational Fluid Dynamics - HAW Hamburg€¦ · Computational Fluid Dynamics – the Principle CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

CFD Purpose: Aircraft unsteady aero loads

Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

• Gust encounter simulation for flexible trimmed aircraft• Full MD simulation of standard gust affecting aircraft, incl. flexibility and trim• Multiple iterative coupling with automated process control

Trim-iteration convergence

© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

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Page 17: Computational Fluid Dynamics - HAW Hamburg€¦ · Computational Fluid Dynamics – the Principle CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

The Future

Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

?

Game Changer

LaminarityLaminarity?

Game Changer

LaminarityLaminarity?

Future Aircraft

form

ance

LaminarityLaminarity

Flow ControlFlow Control

MultiMulti--disciplinary disciplinary

?

Future Aircraft

form

ance

LaminarityLaminarity

Flow ControlFlow Control

MultiMulti--disciplinary disciplinary A380

A330logy

/ P

erf

Fully 3D optimized integrated wing design

p yp yOptimisationOptimisationA380

A330logy

/ P

erf

Fully 3D optimized integrated wing design

p yp yOptimisationOptimisation

A320

A330

lution

cs T

echn

ol

Advanced Aerodynamics in Wing Design for

All-new advanced technology wing

A320

A330

lution

cs T

echn

ol

Advanced Aerodynamics in Wing Design for

All-new advanced technology wing

A300

Evolut

rody

nam

ic

Supercritical airfoil for superior economical performance

Advanced Aerodynamics in Wing Design for excellent economics

A300

Evolut

rody

nam

ic

Supercritical airfoil for superior economical performance

Advanced Aerodynamics in Wing Design for excellent economics

Time

Ae Supercritical airfoil for superior economical performance

1st airliner to use winglets for better cruise performance

Time

Ae Supercritical airfoil for superior economical performance

1st airliner to use winglets for better cruise performance

© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

TimeTime

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Page 18: Computational Fluid Dynamics - HAW Hamburg€¦ · Computational Fluid Dynamics – the Principle CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

Future Expectations on Numerical Simulation

Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

• By the power of the future simulation capability, multidisciplinarysimulation and optimisation will be at hand of every Flight Physicsengineer• Quality of the simulation will be appropriate for product development• Turn-around of simulation will be such that the engineer will not beTurn around of simulation will be such that the engineer will not be

faced with major interruptions of his work process• There is a strong tendency and need towards multi-disciplinary

simulation and optimisation across Flight Physicssimulation and optimisation across Flight Physics• MD interaction will be fully implemented in FP simulation capability• Numerical optimisation will provide baseline design as well as

improvement steps, it will widely assist the design engineer• Numerical simulation will be the major source of all FP aircraft

data• Comprehensiveness as well as quality of data is accepted by

related customers/authorities• Physical experiments will only back up/validate numerical data

© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

• Physical experiments will only back-up/validate numerical data

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Page 19: Computational Fluid Dynamics - HAW Hamburg€¦ · Computational Fluid Dynamics – the Principle CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

Flight Envelope Flow Physics Challenges

Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

• Beyond buffet boundary flow tends to become more and more separated

• Maximum lift borders are determined by onset of massive separation

i t t l lift l3g3g

Buffet boundary

pfrom the aircraft surface

• Unsteady effects start to become dominant• High lift configuration

flow is physically very complex due to high • Transonic flow

ff t ( h k )

causing total lift loss

2g

FAC

TOR

2g

FAC

TOR

p gloading effects (shocks)

get stronger with increasing Mach number and load

• Interaction of • Region of highest d

1g

LOA

D F 1g

VD

LOA

D F

VF

physical effects (shock flow, boundary layer flow) start to dominate

accuracy and robustness

• Region of most experience

0g0g

VC

EAS(at a given altitude)

• The colour gradient is intended to show level of confidence in CFD flow solutions

dominate

- 1g- 1g• Low g flow tends to

separate on the lower side of the aircraft

• Local low Mach number / low compressibility flow only weakly coupled to main flow

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main flow

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Page 20: Computational Fluid Dynamics - HAW Hamburg€¦ · Computational Fluid Dynamics – the Principle CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

HPC is a key to future

Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

Capacity: # of Overnight

Loads cases run

Capacity: # of Overnight

Loads cases run

Available Computational

Capacity [Flop/s]

Available Computational

Capacity [Flop/s]

LES

Unstead

1 Zeta (1021)102

UnsteadyRANS

x1061 Peta (1015)

1 Exa (1018)103

104

RANS Low Speed

RANS High

1 Tera (1012)105

RANS High Speed

“Smart” use of HPC power:• Algorithms

D t i i1 Giga (109)106

• Data mining• Knowledge

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

CFD basedCFD-basedLOADS

Aero Optimisation& CFD CSM Full MDO

Real timeReal timeCFD based

in flight

CFD basedCFD-basednoise HS

Design

Data Set

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& HQ & CFD-CSMsimulation

in flightsimulationsimulationDesign

Capability achieved during one night batchPage 20

Page 21: Computational Fluid Dynamics - HAW Hamburg€¦ · Computational Fluid Dynamics – the Principle CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

CFD: Request for “real-time”

Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

The factord d ineeded is

107

The factorneeded is106106

Vorticity

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Page 22: Computational Fluid Dynamics - HAW Hamburg€¦ · Computational Fluid Dynamics – the Principle CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

Numerical Simulation Capability – 5 Corner Stones

Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

• High fidelity aerodynamic simulationg y y• High Fidelity Flow Simulation CFD capability

• Full parametric product definition• Parametric aircraft - shapes and aero data model

• Multi-disciplinary product optimisation• Integrated product simulation and optimisation

• Highly efficient numerical simulation & optimisation• Platform backbone software system

• High performance computingg p p g• Latest processor and hardware architecture

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Page 23: Computational Fluid Dynamics - HAW Hamburg€¦ · Computational Fluid Dynamics – the Principle CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

Th kTh k !!ThankThank youyou!!© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

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Page 24: Computational Fluid Dynamics - HAW Hamburg€¦ · Computational Fluid Dynamics – the Principle CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

Jan 2012CFD – Industrial Use of High Fidelity Numerical Simulation of Flow about Aircraft

© AIRBUS Operations GmbH All rights reserved Confidential and proprietary document This document and all information contained herein is the sole property of AIRBUS Operations GmbH No intellectual property© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document. This document and all information contained herein is the sole property of AIRBUS Operations GmbH. No intellectual propertyrights are granted by the delivery of this document or the disclosure of its content. This document shall not be reproduced or disclosed to a third party without the express written consent of AIRBUS Operations GmbH. Thisdocument and its content shall not be used for any purpose other than that for which it is supplied. The statements made herein do not constitute an offer. They are based on the mentioned assumptions and are expressedin good faith. Where the supporting grounds for these statements are not shown, AIRBUS Operations GmbH will be pleased to explain the basis thereof.AIRBUS, its logo, A300, A310, A318, A319, A320, A321, A330, A340, A350, A380, A400M are registered trademarks.

© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

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