CompTIA A+® Review GuideThird Edition

Exam 220-901

Exam 220-902

®

Third Edition

Exam 220-901

Exam 220-902

Troy McMillan

Senior Acquisitions Editor: Kenyon BrownDevelopment Editor: Kelly TalbotTechnical Editor: Robin Abernathy, Ian Seaton, and Scott JohnsonProduction Editor: Christine O’ConnorCopy Editor: Kim WimpsettEditorial Manager: Mary Beth WakefieldProduction Manager: Kathleen WisorAssociate Publisher: Jim MinatelBook Designers: Judy Fung and Bill GibsonProofreaders: Scott Klemp and Jen Larsen, Word One New YorkIndexer: Robert SwansonProject Coordinator, Cover: Brent SavageCover Designer: WileyCover Image: Getty Images, Inc./Jeremy Woodhouse

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10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

For my wife Heike, who makes all the hard work worth it.

Acknowledgments

Special thanks go out to Kelly Talbot for keeping me on schedule and ensuring all the details are correct. Also, I’d like to thank Robin Abernathy and Ian Seaton for the excellenttechnical edit that saved me from myself at times. Finally, as always, I’d like to acknowl-edge Kenyon Brown for his continued support of all my writing efforts.

About the Author

Troy McMillan writes practice tests, study guides, and online course materials for Kaplan IT Cert Prep, while also running his own consulting and training business. He holds morethan 30 industry certifi cations and also appears in training videos for Oncourse Learning and Pearson Press. Troy can be reached at mcmillantroy@hotmail.com .

Contents at a Glance

Introduction xv

Part I CompTIA A+ 220-901 1

Chapter 1 Hardware 3

Chapter 2 Networking  137

Chapter 3 Mobile Devices  185

Chapter 4 Hardware and Network Troubleshooting  225

Part II CompTIA A+ 220‐902 287

Chapter 5 Windows Operating Systems 289

Chapter 6 Other Operating Systems and Technologies 411

Chapter 7 Security 463

Chapter 8 Software Troubleshooting 521

Chapter 9 Operational Procedures 565

Appendix Answers to Review Questions 597

Index 609

ContentsIntroduction xv

Part I CompTIA A+ 220-901 1

Chapter 1 Hardware 3

1.1 Given a Scenario, Configure Settings and Use BIOS/UEFI Tools on a PC 8

1.2 Explain the Importance of Motherboard Components, Their Purpose, and Properties 18

1.3 Compare and Contrast Various RAM Types and Their Features 32

1.4 Install and Configure PC Expansion Cards 371.5 Install and Configure Storage Devices and Use

Appropriate Media 441.6 Install Various Types of CPUs and Apply the Appropriate

Cooling Methods 591.7 Compare and Contrast Various PC Connection

Interfaces, Their Characteristics, and Purpose 641.8 Install a Power Supply Based on Given Specifications 741.9 Given a Scenario, Select the Appropriate Components

for a Custom PC Configuration to Meet Customer Specifications or Needs 79

1.10 Compare and Contrast Types of Display Devices and Their Features 87

1.11 Identify Common PC Connector Types and Associated Cables 92

1.12 Install and Configure Common Peripheral Devices 1021.13 Install SOHO Multifunction Devices/Printers and

Configure Appropriate Settings 1081.14 Compare and Contrast Differences Between the

Various Print Technologies and the Associated Imaging Process 114

1.15 Given a Scenario, Perform Appropriate Printer Maintenance 128

Review Questions 135

Chapter 2 Networking  137

2.1 Identify the Various Types of Network Cables and Connectors 140

2.2 Compare and Contrast the Characteristics of Connectors and Cabling 147

xii Contents

2.3 Explain the Properties and Characteristics of TCP/IP 1522.4 Explain Common TCP and UDP Ports, Protocols, and

Their Purpose 1582.5 Compare and Contrast Various Wi-Fi Networking

Standards and Encryption Types 1612.6 Given a Scenario, Install and Configure a SOHO

Wireless/Wired Router and Apply Appropriate Settings 1642.7 Compare and Contrast Internet Connection Types,

Network Types, and Their Features 1702.8 Compare and Contrast Network Architecture Devices,

Their Functions, and Features 1742.9 Given a Scenario, Use Appropriate Networking Tools 178Review Questions 182

Chapter 3 Mobile Devices  185

3.1 Install and Configure Laptop Hardware and Components 187

3.2 Explain the Function of Components Within the Display of a Laptop 199

3.3 Given a Scenario, Use Appropriate Laptop Features 2023.4 Explain the Characteristics of Various Types of Other

Mobile Devices 2093.5 Compare and Contrast Accessories and Ports of Other

Mobile Devices 215Review Questions 222

Chapter 4 Hardware and Network Troubleshooting  225

4.1 Given a Scenario, Troubleshoot Common Problems Related to Motherboards, RAM, CPU, and Power with Appropriate Tools 227

4.2 Given a Scenario, Troubleshoot Hard Drives and RAID Arrays with Appropriate Tools 238

4.3 Given a Scenario, Troubleshoot Common Video, Projector, and Display Issues 245

4.4 Given a Scenario, Troubleshoot Wired and Wireless Networks with Appropriate Tools 250

4.5 Given a Scenario, Troubleshoot and Repair Common Mobile Device Issues While Adhering to the Appropriate Procedures 264

4.6 Given a Scenario, Troubleshoot Printers with Appropriate Tools 275

Review Questions 284

Contents xiii

Part II CompTIA A+ 220‐902 287

Chapter 5 Windows Operating Systems 289

1.1 Compare and Contrast Various Features and Requirements of Microsoft Operating Systems (Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, and Windows 8.1) 293

1.2 Given a Scenario, Install Windows PC Operating Systems Using Appropriate Methods 315

1.3 Given a Scenario, Apply Appropriate Microsoft Command-Line Tools 325

1.4 Given a Scenario, Use Appropriate Microsoft Operating System Features and Tools 338

1.5 Given a Scenario, Use Windows Control Panel Utilities 3631.6 Given a Scenario, Install and Configure Windows

Networking on a Client/Desktop 3831.7 Perform Common Preventive Maintenance Procedures

Using the Appropriate Windows OS Tools 397Review Questions 408

Chapter 6 Other Operating Systems and Technologies 411

2.1 Identify Common Features and Functionality of the Mac OS and Linux Operating Systems 414

2.2 Given a Scenario, Set Up and Use Client-Side Virtualization 433

2.3 Identify Basic Cloud Concepts 4352.4 Summarize the Properties and Purpose of Services

Provided by Networked Hosts 4382.5 Identify Basic Features of Mobile Operating Systems 4412.6 Install and Configure Basic Mobile Device Network

Connectivity and E-mail 4452.7 Summarize Methods and Data Related to Mobile

Device Synchronization 456Review Questions 461

Chapter 7 Security 463

3.1 Identify Common Security Threats and Vulnerabilities 4663.2 Compare and Contrast Common Prevention Methods 4773.3 Compare and Contrast Differences of Basic Windows

OS Security Settings 4893.4 Given a Scenario, Deploy and Enforce Security Best

Practices to Secure a Workstation 4983.5 Compare and Contrast Various Methods for Securing

Mobile Devices 502

xiv Contents

3.6 Given a Scenario, Use Appropriate Data Destruction and Disposal Methods 509

3.7 Given a Scenario, Secure SOHO Wireless and Wired Networks 512

Review Questions 518

Chapter 8 Software Troubleshooting 521

4.1 Given a Scenario, Troubleshoot PC Operating System Problems with Appropriate Tools 523

4.2 Given a Scenario, Troubleshoot Common PC Security Issues with Appropriate Tools and Best Practices 540

4.3 Given a Scenario, Troubleshoot Common Mobile OS and Application Issues with Appropriate Tools 549

4.4 Given a Scenario, Troubleshoot Common Mobile OS and Application Security Issues with Appropriate Tools 556

Review Questions 562

Chapter 9 Operational Procedures 565

5.1 Given a Scenario, Use Appropriate Safety Procedures 5675.2 Given a Scenario with Potential Environmental

Impacts, Apply the Appropriate Controls 5745.3 Summarize the Process of Addressing Prohibited

Content/Activity and Explain Privacy, Licensing, and Policy Concepts 581

5.4 Demonstrate Proper Communication Techniques and Professionalism 585

5.5 Given a Scenario, Explain the Troubleshooting Theory 591Review Questions 595

Appendix Answers to Review Questions 597

Index 609

Becoming aCompTIA CertifiedIT Professional is Easy It’s also the best way to reach greater

professional opportunities and rewards.

Why Get CompTIA Certified? Growing Demand Labor estimates predict some technology fields will experience growth of over 20% by the year 2020.* CompTIA certification qualifies the skills required to join this workforce.

Higher Salaries IT professionals with certifications on their resume command better jobs, earn higher salaries and have more doors open to new multi-industry opportunities.

Verified Strengths 91% of hiring managers indicate CompTIA certifications are valuable in validating IT expertise, making certification the best way to demonstrate your competency and knowledge to employers.**

Universal Skills CompTIA certifications are vendor neutral—which means that certified professionals can proficiently work with an extensive variety of hardware and software found in most organizations.

Learn more about what the exam covers by reviewing the following:

• Exam objectives for key study points.

• Sample questions for a general overview of what to expect on the exam and examples of question format.

• Visit online forums, like LinkedIn, to see what other IT professionals say about CompTIA exams.

Purchase a voucher at a Pearson VUE testing center or at CompTIAstore.com.

• Register for your exam at a Pearson VUE testing center:

• Visit pearsonvue.com/CompTIA to find the closest testing center to you.

• Schedule the exam online. You will be required to enter your voucher number or provide payment information at registration.

• Take your certification exam.

Congratulations on your CompTIA certification!

• Make sure to add your certification to your resume.

• Check out the CompTIA Certification Roadmap to plan your next career move.

IntroductionThe A+ certification program was developed by the Computing Technology Industry Association (CompTIA) to provide an industry-wide means of certifying the competency of computer service technicians. The A+ certification is granted to those who have attained the level of knowledge and troubleshooting skills that are needed to provide capable sup-port in the field of personal computers. CompTIA is a widely respected industry leader in this area.

CompTIA’s A+ exam objectives are periodically updated to keep the certification applicable to the most recent hardware and software. This is necessary because a tech-nician must be able to work on the latest equipment. The most recent revisions to the objectives—and to the whole program—were introduced in 2015 and are reflected in this book.

This book and the Sybex CompTIA A+ Complete Study Guide (both the Standard and Deluxe Editions) are tools to help you prepare for this certification—and for the new areas of focus of a modern computer technician’s job.

What Is A+ Certification?The A+ certification program was created to offer a wide-ranging certification, in the sense that it’s intended to certify competence with personal computers from many different mak-ers/vendors. Everyone must take and pass two exams: 220-901 and 220-902.

You don’t have to take the 220-901 exam and the 220-902 exam at the same time. The A+ certification isn’t awarded until you’ve passed both tests. For the latest pricing on the exams and updates to the registration procedures, call Pearson VUE at (877) 551-7587. You can also go to Pearson VUE for additional information or to register online at www.pearsonvue.com/comptia. If you have further questions about the scope of the exams or related CompTIA programs, refer to the CompTIA website at www.comptia.org.

Who Should Buy This Book?If you want to acquire a solid foundation in personal-computer basics and your goal is to prepare for the exams by filling in any gaps in your knowledge, this book is for you. You’ll find clear explanations of the concepts you need to grasp and plenty of help to achieve the high level of professional competency you need in order to succeed in your chosen field.

If you want to become certified as an A+ holder, this book is definitely what you need. However, if you just want to attempt to pass the exam without really understanding the basics of personal computers, this guide isn’t for you. It’s written for people who want to acquire skills and knowledge of personal-computer basics.

Introduction xvii

How to Use This Book We’ve included several learning tools in the book. These tools will help you retain vital exam content as well as prepare to sit for the actual exams.

Exam Essentials Each chapter includes a number of exam essentials. These are the key topics that you should take from the chapter in terms of areas on which you should focus when preparing for the exam.

Chapter Review Questions To test your knowledge as you progress through the book, there are review questions at the end of each chapter. As you fi nish each chapter, answer the review questions and then check your answers—the correct answers are in the Appendix. You can go back to reread the section that deals with each question you got wrong to ensure that you answer correctly the next time you’re tested on the material.

Interactive Online Learning Environment and Test Bank The interactive online learning environment that accompanies CompTIA A+ Complete Review Guide: Exams 220-901 and 220-902, Third Edition, provides a test bank with study tools to help you prepare for the certifi cation exam—and increase your chances of passing it the fi rst time! The test bank includes the following:

Sample Tests All the questions in this book are provided, including the Chapter Tests that include the review questions at the end of each chapter. In addition, there are four Practice Exams . Use these questions to test your knowledge of the study guide material. The online test bank runs on multiple devices.

Flashcards One set of questions is provided in digital fl ashcard format (a question fol-lowed by a single correct answer). You can use the fl ashcards to reinforce your learning and provide last-minute test prep before the exam.

Other Study Tools A glossary of key terms from this book and their defi nitions are avail-able as a fully searchable PDF.

Go to http://sybextestbanks.wiley.com to register and gain access to this interactive online learning environment and test bank with study tools.

Tips for Taking the A+ Exams Here are some general tips for taking your exams successfully:

■ Bring two forms of ID with you. One must be a photo ID, such as a driver’s license. The other can be a major credit card or a passport. Both forms must include a signature.

xviii Introduction

■ Arrive early at the exam center so you can relax and review your study materials, par-ticularly tables and lists of exam-related information.

■ Read the questions carefully. Don’t be tempted to jump to an early conclusion. Make sure you know exactly what the question is asking.

■ Don’t leave any unanswered questions. Unanswered questions are scored against you.

■ There will be questions with multiple correct responses. When there is more than one correct answer, a message at the bottom of the screen will prompt you to either “Choose two” or “Choose all that apply.” Be sure to read the messages displayed to know how many correct answers you must choose.

■ When answering multiple-choice questions you’re not sure about, use a process of elim-ination to get rid of the obviously incorrect answers first. Doing so will improve your odds if you need to make an educated guess.

■ On form-based tests (nonadaptive), because the hard questions will eat up the most time, save them for last. You can move forward and backward through the exam.

■ For the latest pricing on the exams and updates to the registration procedures, visit CompTIA’s website at www.comptia.org.

Performance-Based Questions

CompTIA has introduced performance-based questions on the latest A+ exams. These are not the traditional multiple-choice questions with which you’re probably familiar. These questions require the candidate to know how to perform a specific task or series of tasks. More than likely the candidate will be presented with a scenario and will be asked to complete a task. They will be taken to a simulated environment where they will have to perform a series of steps and will be graded on how well they complete the task.

CompTIA A+ 900 Series Exam ObjectivesCompTIA goes to great lengths to ensure that its certification programs accurately reflect the IT industry’s best practices. The company does this by establishing Cornerstone Committees for each of its exam programs. Each committee comprises a small group of IT professionals, training providers, and publishers who are responsible for establishing the exam’s baseline competency level and who determine the appropriate target audience level.

Once these factors are determined, CompTIA shares this information with a group of hand-selected subject-matter experts (SMEs). These folks are the true brainpower behind the certification program. They review the committee’s findings, refine them, and shape them into the objectives you see before you. CompTIA calls this process a Job Task Analysis (JTA).

Finally, CompTIA conducts a survey to ensure that the objectives and weightings truly reflect the job requirements. Only then can the SMEs go to work writing the

Introduction xix

hundreds of questions needed for the exam. And, in many cases, they have to go back to the drawing board for further refi nements before the exam is ready to go live in its fi nal state. So, rest assured, the content you’re about to learn will serve you long after you take the exam.

Exam objectives are subject to change at any time without prior notice and at CompTIA’s sole discretion. Please visit the certification page of CompTIA’s website at www.comptia.org for the most current listing of exam objectives.

CompTIA also publishes relative weightings for each of the exam’s objectives. The following tables list the objective domains and the extent to which they’re represented on each exam.

220-901 Exam Domains % of Exam

1.0 Hardware 34%

2.0 Networking 21%

3.0 Mobile Devices 17%

4.0 Hardware and Network Troubleshooting 28%

Total 100%

220-902 Exam Domains % of Exam

1.0 Windows Operating Systems 29%

2.0 Other Operating Systems and Technologies 12%

3.0 Security 22%

4.0 Software Troubleshooting 24%

5.0 Operational Procedures 13%

Total 100%

The following sections show the objectives beneath each of these in more detail.

xx Introduction

CompTIA 220-901 Exam Objectives

1.0 Hardware1.1 Given a scenario, configure settings and use BIOS/UEFI tools on a PC.

■ Firmware upgrades – flash BIOS

■ BIOS component information

■ RAM

■ Hard drive

■ Optical drive

■ CPU

■ BIOS configurations

■ Boot sequence

■ Enabling and disabling devices

■ Date/time

■ Clock speeds

■ Virtualization support

■ BIOS security (passwords, drive encryption: TPM, LoJack, secure boot)

■ Built-in diagnostics

■ Monitoring

■ Temperature monitoring

■ Fan speeds

■ Intrusion detection/notification

■ Voltage

■ Clock

■ Bus speed

1.2 Explain the importance of motherboard components, their purpose, and properties.

■ Sizes

■ ATX

■ Micro-ATX

■ Mini-ITX

■ ITX

■ Expansion slots

■ PCI

Introduction xxi

■ PCI-X

■ PCIe

■ miniPCI

■ RAM slots

■ CPU sockets

■ Chipsets

■ North bridge

■ South bridge

■ CMOS battery

■ Power connections and types

■ Fan connectors

■ Front/Top-panel connectors

■ USB

■ Audio

■ Power button

■ Power light

■ Drive activity lights

■ Reset button

■ Bus speeds

1.3 Compare and contrast various RAM types and their features.

■ Types

■ DDR

■ DDR2

■ DDR3

■ SODIMM

■ DIMM

■ Parity vs. non-parity

■ ECC vs. non-ECC

■ RAM configurations

■ Single channel vs. dual channel vs. triple channel

■ Single-sided vs. double-sided

■ Buffered vs. unbuffered

■ RAM compatibility

xxii Introduction

1.4 Install and configure PC expansion cards.

■ Sound cards ■ Video cards ■ Network cards ■ USB cards ■ FireWire cards ■ Thunderbolt cards ■ Storage cards ■ Modem cards ■ Wireless/cellular cards ■ TV tuner cards ■ Video capture cards ■ Riser cards

1.5 Install and configure storage devices and use appropriate media.

■ Optical drives ■ CD-ROM/CD-RW ■ DVD-ROM/DVD-RW/DVD-RW DL

■ Blu-ray

■ BD-R

■ BD-RE

■ Magnetic hard disk drives

■ 5,400 rpm

■ 7,200 rpm

■ 10,000 rpm

■ Hot-swappable drives

■ Solid-state/flash drives

■ Compact flash

■ SD

■ Micro-SD

■ Mini-SD

■ xD

■ SSD

■ Hybrid

■ eMMC

Introduction xxiii

■ RAID types

■ 0

■ 1

■ 5

■ 10

■ Tape drive

■ Media capacity

■ CD

■ CD-RW

■ DVD-RW

■ DVD

■ Blu-ray

■ Tape

■ DVD DL

1.6 Install various types of CPUs and apply the appropriate cooling methods.

■ Socket types

■ Intel: 775, 1155, 1156, 1366, 1150, 2011

■ AMD: AM3, AM3+, FM1, FM2, FM2+

■ Characteristics

■ Speeds

■ Cores

■ Cache size/type

■ Hyperthreading

■ Virtualization support

■ Architecture (32-bit vs. 64-bit)

■ Integrated GPU

■ Disable execute bit

■ Cooling

■ Heat sink

■ Fans

■ Thermal paste

■ Liquid-based

■ Fanless/passive

xxiv Introduction

1.7 Compare and contrast various PC connection interfaces, their characteristics, and purpose.

■ Physical connections ■ USB 1.1 vs. 2.0 vs. 3.0

■ Connector types: A, B, mini, micro ■ FireWire 400 vs. FireWire 800 ■ SATA1 vs. SATA2 vs. SATA3, eSATA ■ Other connector types

■ VGA ■ HDMI ■ DVI ■ Audio

■ Analog

■ Digital (optical connector)

■ RJ-45

■ RJ-11

■ Thunderbolt

■ Wireless connections

■ Bluetooth

■ RF

■ IR

■ NFC

■ Characteristics

■ Analog

■ Digital

■ Distance limitations

■ Data transfer speeds

■ Quality

■ DRM

■ Frequencies

1.8 Install a power supply based on given specifications.

■ Connector types and their voltages

■ SATA

■ Molex

Introduction xxv

■ 4/8-pin 12v

■ PCIe 6/8-pin

■ 20-pin

■ 24-pin

■ Specifications

■ Wattage

■ Dual rail

■ Size

■ Number of connectors

■ ATX

■ Micro-ATX

■ Dual-voltage options

1.9 Given a scenario, select the appropriate components for a custom PC configuration to meet customer specifications or needs.

■ Graphic/CAD/CAM design workstation

■ Multicore processor

■ High-end video

■ Maximum RAM

■ Audio/video-editing workstation

■ Specialized audio and video card

■ Large fast hard drive

■ Dual monitors

■ Virtualization workstation

■ Maximum RAM and CPU cores

■ Gaming PC

■ Multicore processor

■ High-end video/specialized GPU

■ High-definition sound card

■ High-end cooling

■ Home Theater PC

■ Surround sound audio

■ HDMI output

■ HTPC compact form factor

■ TV tuner

xxvi Introduction

■ Standard thick client

■ Desktop applications

■ Meets recommended requirements for selected OS

■ Thin client

■ Basic applications

■ Meets minimum requirements for selected OS

■ Network connectivity

■ Home Server PC

■ Media streaming

■ File sharing

■ Print sharing

■ Gigabit NIC

■ RAID array

1.10 Compare and contrast types of display devices and their features.

■ Types

■ LCD

■ TN vs. IPS

■ Fluorescent vs. LED backlighting

■ Plasma

■ Projector

■ OLED

■ Refresh/frame rates

■ Resolution

■ Native resolution

■ Brightness/lumens

■ Analog vs. digital

■ Privacy/antiglare filters

■ Multiple displays

■ Aspect ratios

■ 16:9

■ 16:10

■ 4:3

Introduction xxvii

1.11 Identify common PC connector types and associated cables.

■ Display connector types

■ DVI-D

■ DVI-I

■ DVI-A

■ DisplayPort

■ RCA

■ HD15 (i.e., DE15 or DB15)

■ BNC

■ miniHDMI

■ miniDin-6

■ Display cable types

■ HDMI

■ DVI

■ VGA

■ Component

■ Composite

■ Coaxial

■ Device cables and connectors

■ SATA

■ eSATA

■ USB

■ FireWire (IEEE 1394)

■ PS/2

■ Audio

■ Adapters and convertors

■ DVI to HDMI

■ USB A to USB B

■ USB to Ethernet

■ DVI to VGA

■ Thunderbolt to DVI

■ PS/2 to USB

■ HDMI to VGA

xxviii Introduction

1.12 Install and configure common peripheral devices.

■ Input devices

■ Mouse

■ Keyboard

■ Scanner

■ Barcode reader

■ Biometric devices

■ Game pads

■ Joysticks

■ Digitizer

■ Motion sensor

■ Touch pads

■ Smart card readers

■ Digital cameras

■ Microphone

■ Webcam

■ Camcorder

■ MIDI-enabled devices

■ Output devices

■ Printers

■ Speakers

■ Display devices

■ Input & Output devices

■ Touchscreen

■ KVM

■ Smart TV

■ Set-Top Box

1.13 Install SOHO multifunction device/printers and configure appropriate settings.

■ Use appropriate drivers for a given operating system

■ Configuration settings

■ Duplex

■ Collate