ThirdQuarter

Surge

August 2007

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Table of Contents - Q3 2007

Exline Withstands the Test of Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

E Source Web Site Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

University Uses Landfill Gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

People on the Move . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Business Briefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

SURGE PREVENTION IN CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR SYSTEMSPart 1 of a 2 Part Series

Rainer Kurz and Robert C. WhiteSolar Turbines IncorporatedSan Diego, California

Centrifugal compressor surge and its prevention have drawn significant attention in the literature. An important aspect of surge avoidance lies in the design of the compressor station and, in particular, the piping upstream and downstream of the compressor. Most anti-surge systems are perfectly capable of avoiding surge during normal operating conditions.

However, unplanned emergency shutdowns present a significant challenge, and surge avoidance in these cases depends to a large degree on the station layout, in particular the volume of the piping system downstream ofthe compressor. Furthermore, the concepts used in the anti

surge system (valves, piping, coolers) also impact the start-up of the station, or of individual nits of the station. Start-up considerations for stations with and without cooled recycle loops are discussed.

Recently, there have been attempts to increase the stability margin of a compressor by active(Epstein et. al. [1], Blanchini et. al. [2]) or passive means (Arnulfi et. al. [3]), or by increasing the accuracy of determining the surge margin (McKee and Deffenbaugh [4]). It is often overlooked that meaningful gains can be made by better understanding the interaction between the compressor, the anti-surge devices (control system, valves) and the station piping layout (coolers, scrubbers, check valves). This study focuses on

SEMI-ACTIVE COMPRESSOR VALVE SELECTEd FOR R&d MAGAzINE AwARdOne of the 100 most techno-logically significant products introduced over the past year.

A long-life, semi-active plate valve for reciprocating compres-sors developed at Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) has re-ceived a 2007 R&D 100 Award. R&D Magazine selected SwRI’s Semi-Active Compressor Valve as one of the 100 most significant technological achievements of the past year.

The single largest maintenance cost for a reciprocating com-pressor is compressor valves. Typically, reciprocating com-pressors use passive compressor valves. These valves experience high plate impact velocities that often result in fatigue failures and a short operating life, leading to frequent replacement. With more than 12,000 reciprocating compressors in use in the United States alone, valve repair or replacement and the downtime associated with this maintenance is a significant investment for the natural gas industry.

“The SwRI-developed Semi-Ac-tive Compressor Valve increases plate life by drastically reducing plate impact velocities,” said Dr. Klaus Brun, manager of the Rotating Machinery and Mea-surement Technology Section in SwRI’s Mechanical and Materi-als Engineering Division, and principal developer of the valve. “Rather than springs, the design uses electromagnets to actively control impact velocities. The valve plate starting motion (both opening and closing) is sensed using an electric inductive mo-tion sensor controlled by the electromagnets, thus eliminating the need for pressure transduc-ers or shaft encoders to control plate motion.”

The Semi-Active Com-pressor Valve decreases valve replacement and associated costs by more than 90 percent over conventional valves. Because of the higher efficiency of the valve, additional fuel and process savings

can be achieved, thereby helping the natural gas industry operate its compressors more efficiently, more reliably and more cost-ef-fectively.

The valve was one of several technologies developed dur-ing the Advanced Reciprocat-ing Compression Technology program, conducted at SwRI and jointly funded by the Gas Machinery Research Council, BP and the U.S. Department of En-ergy Office of Fossil Energy–Na-tional Energy Testing Laboratory Delivery Reliability Program. Cook-Manley Co. will be manu-facturing the valve for industrial oil and gas applications.

continued on p. 8

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A blacksmith starts a business underneath a shade tree, a 17 year old patents a sharpening tool, three brothers modernize a business, a young man triples the size of a company – it’s all in a day’s work for the Exlines, a family of entrepreneurs who are determined to carry on a family tradition.

Their company, Exline Inc., was started in 1872 by Robert Warren Exline and has grown into a leader in service, manufacturing and repair of large industrial equipment in the natural gas transmission industry — even though the odds were against them as a family-owned business.

“Statistics show that less than 1/3 of family businesses are successful at passing the company to the next generation,” says Ron Christy, consulting director for sales and marketing for Exline. “And only about three percent of all family businesses operate into the fourth generation or beyond.”

SPANNING ThREE CENTURIESExline is bucking the system with 135 years under its belt and the fifth generation at the helm. Located in Salina, Kansas, the company’s focus is in the natural gas transmission industry, but they also support a diverse group of industries including printing,

aircraft, plastics, agriculture, engineering, automotive — plus the mining of coal, salt, gold, and many other industries. They’ve developed a name for themselves, and customers are responding positively to them. Not to mention that they are one of the 10 oldest corporations in Kansas.

When asked to reveal their success secret, President Rob William Exline Jr. responds, “There’s no magic ingredient. But we’ve had a lot of luck and we’ve been able to develop a wide range of capabilities that no one else in the US offers today. We bring talent in many different areas to the customer, and we work hard to be a full service, single source company.”

Beyond luck, the company has chosen leaders wisely from the beginning. Founder Robert Warren Exline turned the company over to his sons, William George and Fred. It was a smart move considering William invented and patented a sharpening tool for disc plows and perfected a system for boring and sleeving worn cylinders for steam engines, a concept that is still used today for larger, more intricate machines.

An actual Exline shop was constructed in 1915. Field mechanics were hired to perform onsite services and repairs. In the 1920s, Exline entered the Oil & Gas Industry. In 1929, the business was passed to William George Exline Jr, who proved his tenacity by rebuilding the company not once but twice, first after an explosion and then again after a tornado.

By the late 1950s and early 1960s, the fourth generation of Exlines, brothers Jerry, Robert and Douglas Exline came aboard adding to the legacy with a new machine shop and chrome plating plant. After the triple retirement of the Exline brothers in 1994, the company was passed onto a fifth generation Exline, Robert William Exline Jr., who has been successfully running the company for the past 13 years.

Although Robert Jr. had worked at Exline summers during college, his Father and two Uncles wouldn’t allow him to return to

the company immediately after graduation. They wanted him to pursue his own interests first and then return if he possessed the skills it took to run the business — preferably five years later, a timeframe considered to be Best Practice from the family business perspective.

ThE FIFTh GENERATION COMES hOMEAfter completing two degrees, one in Mechanical Engineering and one in Business Administration, Robert Jr. went into the construction industry, running a division for a Denver-based company and also working in Los Angeles. The skills he learned in the construction industry mirrored the skills needed to run Exline. So a little

past the five year mark, Robert Jr. returned to the company 11 years later.

“I saw a lot of potential at Exline and thought it was going to be a great opportunity for me,” say Robert Jr. “I’d always had an interest in owning my own business and I knew Exline had a great reputation in the industries that it served.”

Robert has worked to make the company market driven. “We look at and understand what the markets need and determine how to fill that need. We restructured

billable rates to become more competitive, we hired all inside reps, which has worked well to serve our customers.”

Around the time Robert came back to Exline, the industry was starting to approach maintenance differently, doing less in-house and contracting out major projects. So Exline

added a Mechanical Services Division, and assembled a field mechanics crew in 1993. Since that time, he has added an Ignition and Automation division, and the company has become an Altronic distributor for a five state area. Most recently, the company’s acquisition of Tejas Maintenance increased the number of Exline employees to over 220. During his tenure, sales have also increased from about $5.5 million

EXLINE wIThSTANdS ThE TEST OF TIME

to a projected 27 million in 2007. Exline has seen a lot of growth in a very short time and according to Robert, they aren’t done yet.

“This fifth generation has no intention of being the demise of something that has been around as long as Exline,” say Robert Jr. “The motivation is to keep this family tradition going. We have a lot of instilled pride.”

Exline is one of the larger employers in Salina’s 50,000 population city. And while Robert Jr. hopes one or both of his children will someday want to continue the family business tradition as the sixth generation of Exlines running the company, for now, he’s making sure he has strong management in place, and he’s working to maintain a family-oriented culture and serve their customers.

First Exline shop in Salina Exline Today

Robert Exline, Jr.

Robert Warren Exline

p. 4 Third Quarter GM Journal

GM Journal Third Quarter p. 5

GM Journal

E Source reported its latest benchmark results for the perfor-mance of North American elec-tric and gas company web sites.

Based on the latest E Source findings, many more utilities now offer self-service functions designed to support the needs of customers who prefer to interact with their utility online. For ex-ample, over 70 percent of utility web sites now allow customers to check their account balance, compared to less than 50 percent in 2005.

The “E Source 2007 Review of North American Electric and Gas Company Web Sites” as-sesses 111 U.S. and Canadian utility web sites. This compre-hensive report includes detailed benchmarking information that illuminates the state of utility web sites. To gauge how success-ful electric and gas company web sites are in serving residential customers, E Source research-ers assessed the companies’ web sites from the customer’s point of view. Many of the utilities

University of New Hampshire will power its campus with renewable landfill gas from the Turnkey Recycling and Environ-mental Enterprise facility owned by Waste Management

The University of New Hamp-shire, in cooperation with Waste Management of New Hampshire, Inc., has launched EcoLine, a landfill gas project that will pipe enriched and purified gas from Waste Management’s landfill in Rochester to the Durham campus, UNH President Mark Huddleston announced today. UNH is the first university in the nation to undertake a project of this magnitude.

The renewable, carbon-neutral landfill gas, from Waste Man-agement’s Turnkey Recycling and Environmental Enterprise (TREE) facility in Rochester, N.H., will replace commercial

included in the study gave the E Source research team temporary account access to enable a full assessment of their secure online services.

Between December 2006 and March 2007, several review-ers-typical residential energy customers-visited the selected utility web sites. Each site was visited by multiple reviewers, a different methodology than in earlier surveys E Source has undertaken. While there, they looked for and rated 27 tasks and functions that had been identified by E Source research as the op-tions residential customers most expect to find and use when they interact with a utility’s web site.

This year, the top-rated electric and gas web sites belong to Pacific Gas and Electric, Florida Power & Light, Wisconsin Public Service, NW Natural, and Prog-ress Energy (Carolinas). This new study -- the fourth such web site review E Source has com-piled -- is the largest, most de-tailed benchmark of electric and

gas web sites available. The first study was completed in 2002; E Source found that between that study and this one, most of the utility web sites reviewed have changed significantly in their at-tempt to keep up with increasing customer expectations.

Ethan Brown, a research analyst at E Source, said, “As online customer care becomes more mainstream and competitive, utilities have to work harder than ever to meet their online custom-ers’ needs. Customers’ expecta-tions are increasing alongside their familiarity with the rising standards of bank, e-commerce, and transportation web sites, so offering them the ability to perform more transactions on a responsive, highly usable web site has become more impor-tant.” E Source Senior Research Associate Florence Connally added, “During this review, we clearly saw that companies with web sites that were substantially unchanged from our last review received noticeably lower ratings from our reviewers.”

E SOURCE RANkS ELECTRIC ANd GAS COMPANY wEB SITES

natural gas as the primary fuel in UNH’s cogeneration plant, enabling UNH to receive 80-85 percent of its energy from a renewable source.

“By reducing the university’s dependence on fossil fuels and reducing our greenhouse gas emissions, EcoLine is an envi-ronmentally and fiscally respon-sible initiative,” said Huddleston. “UNH is proud to lead the nation and our peer institutions in this landmark step toward sustain-ability.”

Construction is set to begin immediately on a landfill gas processing plant in Rochester which will purify the gas, and the 12.7 mile underground pipeline which will transport the gas from the plant to the university’s Dur-ham campus. UNH is expected to fuel its cogeneration plant with landfill gas by the fall of 2008.

FIRST UNIVERSITY IN NATION TO USE LANdFILL GAS AS PRIMARY ENERGY SOURCEEstimated cost of the project, including the construction of a second generator at UNH, is $45 million.

“Waste Management is very pleased to work with UNH on this significant and innovative landfill gas-to-energy initiative,” said Alan L. Davis, district man-ager of TREE for Waste Man-agement. “This project will add to the growing roster of landfill gas-to-energy projects operated by Waste Management across the country, and it will help us re-sponsibly allocate the company’s resources while providing renew-able power to the communities we serve.”

Waste Management recently an-nounced a major landfill gas-to-energy initiative that will result in the creation of an additional 60 renewable energy facilities. In total, Waste Management will

“Some utilities have made multimillion-dollar investments in their web sites and associ-ated online self service options,” added Andrew Heath, director of the E Source E-Business Service. “These companies are getting benefits in terms of increased customer satisfaction from cus-tomers wanting to interact online. Getting more traditional custom-ers to use the web site instead of the telephone is still a challenge, but as more and more people become comfortable using online services, the utility web site is fast becoming just one more channel customers choose when they need to contact their utility.”

Eastern Region (U.S.). Long Is-land Power Authority, Pepco, and KeySpan Energy have the best three web sites in the Eastern region.

Midwestern Region (U.S.). Wis-consin Public Service, Vectren, and Alliant Energy have the three best web sites in the Midwest. In addition, the web sites provided by Duke Energy (Midwest), Kan-

sas City Power & Light, Ohio Edison, MidAmerican Energy, and We Energies all performed well.

Southern Region (U.S.). Florida Power & Light, Progress Energy (Carolinas), and Alabama Power offer the three best web sites in the Southern region. Austin Energy, Dominion Power, Duke Energy (South), Progress Energy (Florida), CPS Energy, Georgia Power, and Oklahoma Gas & Electric also offer good web sites.

Western Region (U.S.). In the Western region, Pacific Gas and Electric, NW Natural, and Ari-zona Public Service provide the three best web sites. San Diego Gas & Electric, Southern Califor-nia Gas, Sacramento Municipal Utilities District, Idaho Power, and Portland General Electric also provide good web sites.

Canada. The three best Canadian web sites are provided by BC Hydro, Terasen Gas, and Hydro-Quebec.

generate more than 700 mega-watts of clean renewable energy -- enough to power 700,000 homes or replace over eight mil-lion barrels of oil. Waste Man-agement designed and operated its first such facility in the U.S. over 20 years ago. The company currently has two landfill gas-to-electric plants at TREE produc-ing green power for over 9,000 homes which will continue to operate, while excess gas will be sent to UNH’s new and innova-tive renewable energy project.

Once construction on EcoLine is completed, the pipeline will not be visible, running four feet underground along Rochester roads, the Spaulding Turnpike, and the Pan Am Railway’s right-of-way onto UNH property. At UNH, landfill gas will replace commercial natural gas in UNH’s cogeneration (co- gen) plant, the primary source of heat and

electricity for the five million square-foot Durham campus. The co-gen plant, which began operations in 2006, captures waste heat normally lost during the production of electricity and uses this energy to heat campus buildings, making more efficient use of energy resources.

More importantly, the landfill gas will stabilize the university’s fluctuating energy costs, which have doubled in the last five years and grown at an annual rate of 18.9 percent.

EcoLine will also have a major impact on UNH’s carbon dioxide emissions. It will reduce the university’s greenhouse gas emissions an estimated 67 per-cent below 2005 levels and 57 percent below 1990 levels.

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p. 8 Third Quarter GM Journal

GM Journal

The deceleration of the compressor as a result of inertia and dissipation are decisive factors. The speed at which the pressure can be relieved not only depends on the reaction time of the valve, but also on the time constants imposed by the piping system.

The transient behavior of the piping system depends largely on the volumes of gas enclosedby the various components of the piping system, which may include, besides the piping itself,various scrubbers, knockout drums, and coolers. The system boundaries for this study are thefirst downstream check valve, while the upstream boundary may be either a check valve or an infinite plenum (at constant pressure, Figure 3).

The requirements of the anti-surge system for such situations as ESD or other massive systemdisturbances are distinctly different from the usual process control case.

The former is a massive, fast change in conditions that first and foremost requires fast systemreaction. This requires, among others, extremely fast opening valves with sufficiently large flowareas. The latter requires the capability to precisely control slow changes in the process, such that no oscillations occur, which can be accomplished with precisely positioned valves.Surge control valves are primarily sized to fit the compressor. During steady-state recycling, therequired capacity of the recycle

valve can be directly derived from the compressor map. To handletransient conditions, the required capacity must be greater to allow for the volumes on either side of the compressor. With the initiation of a shutdown, the compressor can be expected to decelerate approximately 30% in the first second. With a 30% loss in speed, the head the compressor can develop at its surge limit will drop by approximately 50%. The recycle control valve must, therefore, reduce the pressure ratio across the compressor by one-half in that first second toavoid surge.

The following guidelines pertain to a typical one valve, one compressor arrangement. Morecomplex systems of cascaded valves or valves around multiple compressors require a more detailed analysis.

To facilitate both precise throttling at partial recycle and the need to reduce the pressure difference across the compressor quickly during a shutdown, surge control

valves with an equal percentage characteristic are advantageous (Figure 4). The equal percentage characteristic spreads the first half of the valve’s fully open capacity over the first 2/3 of the valve’s travel for a globe valve, and about one third of the valve’s fully open capacity over the first 2/3 of the valve’s travel for a ball valve. This greatly improves controllability at partial recycle throttling. In order to avoid surge during a shutdown, the valve must open to the required capacity in significantly less than one second.

Surge control systems must be sized to meet two diverse

centrifugal compressors driven by two-shaft gas turbines(Figure 1).

The possible operating points of a centrifugal gas compressor are limited by maximum andminimum operating speed, maximum available power, choke flow, and stability (surge) limit(Figure 2). Surge, which is the flow reversal within the compressor, accompanied by high fluctuating load on the compressor bearings, has to be avoided to protect the compressor. The usual method for surge avoidance (“anti-surge-control”) consists of a recycle loop that can be activated by a fast acting valve (“anti-surge valve”) when the control system detects that the compressor approaches its surge limit. Typical control systems use suction and discharge pressures and temperatures, together with the flow through the compressor to calculate the relative distance(“surge margin”) of the present operating point to the predicted or measured surge line of thecompressor (Figure 2). The surge margin is defined by:

If the surge margin reaches a preset value (often 10%), the anti-surge valve starts to open, thereby reducing the pressure ratio of the compressor and increasing the flow through the compressor.

The situation is complicated by the fact that the surge valve also has to be capable of precisely controlling flow. Additionally, some manufacturers place limits on how far into choke (or overload) they allow their compressors to operate.

A very critical situation arises upon emergency shutdown (ESD). Here, the fuel supply to the gas turbine driver is cut off instantly, thus eliminating the power to the driven compressor1. The inertia of compressor, coupling and power turbine have to balance the compressor absorbed power, causing a rapid deceleration. Because the head-making capability of the compressor is reduced by the square of its running speed, while the pressure ratio across the machine is imposed by theupstream and downstream piping system, the compressor will surge if the surge valve cannot provide fast relief of the pressure.

Figure 1. Compressor Station

Figure 2. Typical compressor map

Figure 3: Anti-surge and recycle system

Figure 4. Typical valve characteristics for globe and ball valves

1 Some installations maintain fuel flow to the turbine for 1 to 2 seconds while the recycle valve opens. However, this can generate a safety hazard.

See “Surge,” p. 10

Cont’d from p.1

Meet your new IT department.No, really.

It’s not a product. It’s a strategy.

Success in your business means maximum throughput. That means leveraging your critical resources, your people as well as your com-pression equipment, both of which are spread out over Timbuktu.

Enginuity imbeds in-depth knowledge, yours and ours, in every automation package that we design. We’ve designed our HMI’s with user-friendly “red-alert” and “green-ok” functionality so that the focus is on the problem, not the symptoms, saving time and increasing productivity.

Now your “IT” guys — uh, mechanics — are efficient and that makes them more valuable than ever. Visit enginuityinc.com to find out how we can leverage your infrastructure. Or call us at 800.228.2818 to talk with us about how we can help you leverage your assets.

Finally, an “IT department” that knows your assets.

objectives: During steady-state recycling, the required capacity of the recycle valve can be directly derived from the compressormap: the smaller the valve, the smoother the control. During transient conditions, the requiredcapacity increases due to the volumes on either side of the compressor. Therefore, to avoid surge during a shutdown, the bigger the valve, the better. To facilitate both smooth throttling at partial recycle and the need to reduce the pressure differential (DP) across the compressor quickly during a shutdown, control valves with an equal percentage characteristic are recommended. With an equal percentage characteristic, the more the valve is opened, the greater the increase in flowfor the same travel. We recommend two types of valves for surge control: globe valves

and noise-attenuating ball valves.

The globe valve’s capacity (Cv) varies with the square of the percentage travel. The noiseattenuating ball valve’s capacity (Cv) varies with the cube of the percentage travel. Both valves are sized to be throttling at about two-thirds open at surge conditions. As such, the noiseattenuating ball valve will have 50% more capacity to depressurize the discharge volume than the globe valve. This additional capacity makes the noise-attenuating ball valve the better choice in installations where there is a single surge control valve (i.e. there is no hot bypass) and the dischargevolumes are large (e.g., the discharge system includes an aftercooler). The valve is matched to the compressor (Figure 5).

Surge Phenomenon Day [5] has provided very detailed measurements of compressor surge cycles, pointing out the dominating influence of the discharge volume.

Figure 6 shows the head-versus-flow characteristic of a typical centrifugal compressor at constantspeed, including the areas of unstable operation. At flows lower than the stability limit (‘surge line’), the compressor initially shows a reduced capability to generate head with reducedflow, until it experiences reverse flow, that is, the gas now flows from the discharge to the suctionside of the compressor. Once flow reversal occurs, the amount of flow depends on the pressure

ratio across the compressor, since in this situation the compressors acts more or less like anorifice. The flow reversal means that the pressure downstream of the compressor is graduallyreduced. The speed of pressure reduction depends largely on the size of the volume downstreamof the compressor. Once the pressure is reduced sufficiently, the compressor will recover and flow gas again from

the suction to the discharge side. Unless action is taken, the events repeat again. Ongoing surge can damage thrust bearings (due to the massive change of thrust loads), seals, and eventually overheat the compressor.

Coming in the next issue of the GM Journal:

Modeling the Piping Surge Control Interaction & Application

AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to acknowledge the contributions of Daryl D. Legrand and Roland Kaiser,both with Solar Turbines Incorporated.

References[1] Epstein, A.H., Ffowcs Williams, J.E., and Greitzer, E.M., “Active Suppression of CompressorInstabilities,” AIAA-86-1994, 1994.[2] Blanchini, F., Giannatasio, P., Micheli, D., and Pinamonti, P., “Experimental Evaluation of aHigh-Gain Control for Compressor Surge Suppression,” ASME 2001-GT-0570, 2001.[3] Arnulfi, G.L., Giannatasio, P., Micheli, D., and Pinamonti, P., “An Innovative Control ofSurge in Industrial Compression Systems,” ASME 2000-GT-352, 2000. [4] McKee, R.J., and Deffenbaugh, D., “Factors that Affect Surge Precursors in CentrifugalCompressors,” Proc. GMRC Gas Machinery Conference, Salt Lake City, Utah, 2003.[5] Day, I.J., “Axial Compressor Performance During Surge”, Proc.10th International Symposiumon Air Breathing Engines, Nottingham, UK,1991, pp. 927-934.

1-800-341-0030

p. 10 Third Quarter GM Journal

GM Journal

Figure 5: Matching of Valve and Compressor. The valve characteristic for a number of opening

positions (60%,70% and 100%) is superimposed to the compressor performance map.

Figure 6: Simplified surge cycle

SURGE PREVENTION IN CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR SYSTEMSCont’d from p.8

p. 12 Third Quarter GM Journal

People on the MoveIndustry Profile:

Rich joined Enginuity on May 1, 1997 after spending 2 years working at the Technology Center for Tenneco Gas / El Paso Energy, prior to which Rich earned both his bachelors and masters degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Colorado State University.

Rich is part of the infamous three graduate students who built CSU’s engine lab, which the gas pipeline industry enthusiastically supported. It is here that Rich made a name for himself by knowing how to get things done, regardless of whether that required doing engineering design work or putting on a

Walker has been with Cameron since 2006, working in the Business Development department of the corporate office and led various strategic activities. He has an undergraduate degree from the University of Texas and an MBA from Harvard Business School.

Also announced is the appointment of Mike Gerzina to the position as General Manager, Ajax™ Products.

In this position Gerzina will be responsible leading all aspects of the Ajax product line to include design, development, application, sourcing, manufacture and support on a global basis. Gerzina assumes P&L and balance sheet responsibility. He reports to Richard Stegall, V-P Reciprocating and is based at the Ajax headquarters in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.

Gerzina has been with Cameron for over 25 years in various sales, marketing and operations

ARROw INdUSTRIES, INC ANNOUNCES NEw TEAM MEMBERS IS PLEASEd TO ANNOUNCE ThE FOLLOwING AddITIONS TO OUR TEAM

Arrow Industries, Inc announces new team members is pleased to announce the following additions to our team.

In the Mechanical Services division, Gary Sanders has joined the Company as a project Manager. Gary has over 20 years of experience with integral engine repair.

Nick Fury and David Guillot have also joined Arrow and are running the New Parts division. David comes from an OEM where he specialized in integral engine parts. Nick Fury, who began his career with Clark Bros., has over 50 years in the integral engine parts industry and we are very pleased to have him.

Lastly, David Grant has joined Arrow and will be responsible

welder’s hood and welding piping and physical structures.

Rich’s contributions to Enginuity’s success are both

many in number and of great strategic significance. Perhaps the most notable is Rich’s leadership of Enginuity’s highly successful HPFi technology. He led the development, design, pilot testing and commercial release of Enginuity’s market offering, concurrently developing Enginuity’s relationship with its partner Woodward Governor. Rich was challenged upon his arrival at Enginuity to pick an area of interest and make it his own. He did just that with HPFi and has continued to do so in many areas throughout the company.

Other significant contributions Rich has made to Enginuity include:

• “Impact” System – Rich led the development of Enginuity’s Impact pressure monitoring system, including significant work bringing pressure sensor technology to a level of perfor-mance and reliability required for successful commercial application in the natural gas industry.

Enginuity Celebrates Rich Schoonover’s 10 Years of Leadership and Service

• Enginuity University – Rich developed Enginuity University (EU) from concept to rollout. EU is Enginuity’s internal train-ing and development program, which has also served to rollout programs to Enginuity’scustomers.

• Enginuity Infrastructure – Rich has led the definition, develop-ment and deployment of the majority of Enginuity’s oper-ations systems, processes and toolsets. Further, Rich has led the development of much of Enginuity’s business infrastruc-ture ranging from Enginuity’s forecasting tool and Enginuity’s current website.

• Knowledge Infrastructure – Rich has led Enginuity’s efforts to conceptualize, define and engage the gas industry in this evolving area. His whitepapers and presentations regarding workforce and knowledgechallenges continue to be a highlight of many industry conferences. They reach well beyond the initial audience at the

GMRC to include the INGAA Foundation and several committees of SGA.

Today, Rich serves as vice president of Enginuity, having responsibility for managing Enginuity’s turnkey project business in the areas of both emissions retrofit and automation solutions. Rich continues to provide leadership within Enginuity and to the industry; teaching short courses and presenting whitepapers in a number of key areas with recent focus on knowledge infrastructure.

On the personal side, Rich is a great craftsman and hobby fanatic. His interests range from snowboarding to paintballing; from flying remote control airplanes to turning beautiful and ornate pieces of art from exotic wood; the list is quite extensive. Rich’s passion for Halloween decorations, devices and structures is out there for all to see on his personal website www.abbynormalslab.com.

for surplus engine acquisitions, removal and transportation.

CAMERON’S COMPRESSION SYSTEMS dIVISION ANNOUNCES ORGANIzATIONAL ChANGES

The Compression Systems division of Cameron has announced the appointment of Lane

Walker to the position as General Manager, Superior™ Products.

In this position Walker will be responsible for leading all aspects of the Superior product line’s development, design, application, sourcing, manufacture, and support on a global basis. Walker assumes P&L and balance sheet responsibility for the product line. He reports to Richard Stegall, V-P Reciprocating and is based in Houston, Texas.

roles. Most recently he has been Director, Sales for Cameron’s reciprocating new unit products.

The Compression Systems division of Cameron is also pleased to announce the appointment of Richard Stegall to the position of Vice-President, Reciprocating.

In this role Stegall will be the senior executive responsible for all reciprocating operations. Reporting

to Stegall will be the newly-appointed general managers of the Superior (Lane Walker) and Ajax (Mike Gerzina) product lines. Additionally, he will provide leadership to other functional areas of Quality, Distribution and Facilities. Stegall reports to Bob Rajeski, President of Compression Systems and resides at

the Compression Systems headquarters in Houston, Texas.

Stegall has been employed by Cameron for 25 years in various capacities. Most recently he has been V-P Operations for the Compression Systems’ reciprocating and centrifugal businesses.

Mike O’Neil has joined Cameron’s Compression Systems division as Vice President of Engineering and Product

Development. He replaces John Bartos who has moved to a corporate role. Mike will be responsible for Compression Systems’ Engineering, Six Sigma, Information Technology, Product Development and technical training. Mike was formerly with Dresser-Rand and had roles in engineering,

Cont’d next page

GM Journal Third Quarter p. 13

Business BriefsConoco Phillips’ Subsidiary to Pay United States $97.5 Million for Fraudulent Underpayment of Natural Gas Royalties

Burlington Resources Inc. has agreed to pay the United States $97.5 million to resolve claims that it underpaid royalties owed on natural gas produced from federal and Indian leases, the Justice Department announced today. Last year, Burlington became a wholly owned sub-sidiary of Conoco Phillips, the third largest integrated energy company in the United States.

The settlement resolves allega-tions under the False Claims Act that Burlington systemati-cally under-reported the value of natural gas that it produced from onshore federal and Indian leases from March 1, 1988, to March 31, 2005, and consequently, paid less royalties than it owed to the United States and various Indian tribes.

The Minerals Management Service (MMS) of the U.S. Department of the Interior is responsible for overseeing the collection of royalties on federal and Indian leases. Each month, companies are required to report to MMS the value of the natural gas produced from their federal and Indian leases and to pay a percentage of the reported value as royalties. The United States alleged that Burlington used transactions with affiliated enti-ties to claim excessive deduc-tions for the cost of transport-ing and treating its gas, and to otherwise understate the value it reported each month for its natural gas production.

“The Department of Justice is committed to ensuring that those who remove valuable assets from public or Indian lands pay a fair price for those assets,” said Peter D. Keisler, Assistant Attorney General for the Civil Division. “We will continue to pursue claims against other companies that seek to evade their royalty payment obligations.”

The settlement with Burlington

People on the Movebusiness management, analytical sciences and product development. He has relocated to Houston and works in the Compression Systems headquarters. Mike reports to Bob Rajeski, Compression Systems president.

ALTRONIC ANNOUNCESFACTORY ANd FIELd PERSONNEL ChANGESAS NEw dIVISION IS LAUNChEd

Richard P. (Dick) Schook has retired after more than 27 years at Altronic, Inc., most of them as Vice President of Sales and Service. Dick joined Altronic in 1979 as a Sales/Service Repre-sentative, and quickly rose in the organization, first as Sales Man-ager and finally as Vice President of Sales. He guided the sales, service and marketing strategies of the rapidly-growing supplier of industrial ignition systems and instruments to many sales records, including the three most recent years of his tenure.

Mr. Schook has authored and contributed to countless technical papers and has been published extensively in the industry over the course of his long and distin-guished career.

In conjunction with Mr. Schook’s retirement, Altronic has an-nounced several promotions within the sales and service departments.

David E. Bell has been named Vice President, Aftermarket Sales and Service. Dave started his career at Altronic in the engineering department in 1984, working part-time while earning

arises from a lawsuit filed by a private whistleblower under the False Claims Act, which alleges that a number of com-panies systematically underpaid royalties due for their federal and Indian natural gas production. The Justice Department partially intervened against several defen-dants in the lawsuit, and previ-ously settled with Shell Oil Co. for $56 million and Dominion Exploration and Production Co. for $2 million. The Department is continuing to pursue claims against Exxon-Mobil Corp.The investigation of and settle-ment with Burlington were jointly handled by the U.S. At-torney for the Eastern District of Texas and the Civil Division of the Department of Justice, with the assistance of the Department of the Interior’s Office of Inspec-tor General; the Minerals Man-agement Service; and the New Mexico Taxation and Revenue Department Oil and Gas Bureau.

Natural Gas Leads the Pack with the ‘Cleanest Engine’ Garnering Both U.S. EPA and CARB Certification to 2010 Emission Standards

The California Natural Gas Vehicle Partnership(CNGVP) announced today that one of its most active industry mem-bers Cummins Westport Inc. received certification from both the U.S. Environmental Protec-tion Agency (U.S. EPA) and the California Air Resources Board (CARB) for its ISL G heavy-duty natural gas engine. The certifica-tion from these two agencies is noteworthy as it designates this engine as meeting 2010 stan-dards of 0.2g/bhp-hr oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and 0.01 g/bhp-hr particulate matter (PM). The emission standards set for 2010 are significantly more stringent than those set in years past due to the need to address the reduction of harmful emissions from heavy-duty vehicles which contribute to greenhouse gases and other pollutants.

Continued next page

undergrad-uate and graduate degrees fromYoungs- town State University.

Keith Brooks becomes Vice President, OEM Sales. He has a Bachelor of Engineering Science

degree in Mechani-cal Engi-neering from the Univer-sity of Western Ontario and an

MBA from Youngstown State University.

Thomas P. Smith has been promoted to Director of Service Operations. Tom came to Altronic as a Sales Represen-tative in 1986.

Matthew A. Donham has accepted a position as OEM

Sales Represen-tative. Matt started in the Altronic Qual-ity Control department in 1994 and in 1996 he

was promoted to Sales/Service Technician.

Barry Powell has been named General Manager of the newly-formed Engineered System Services (ESS) Division of Altronic

Controls, which was established in order to offer an expanded range of resources and solutions exclusively to authorized Altron-ic Distributors associated with the promotion, sale, installation, and service of advanced Altronic/Altronic Controls systems.

Joining Barry on the ESS Divi-sional staff are: Paul McHenry – Project Manager, Mark See – Field Service Manager andSandy Winans –Logistics Manager

Additionally, Mr. Powell has been named Altronic’s Interna-tional Area Manager for Asia.

Michael Porter has accepted the position of Altronic Regional Manager for Sales and Ser-vice for the east-central United States.

Timothy Ricker joins Altronic in the capacity of Technical Represen-tative in the inside service group at headquar-ters in

Girard, Ohio.

Jos Struker assumes the mantle of Interna-tional Area Man-ager for Africa and the Middle East. Joe is a veteran of Altron-ic’s Dutch

Distributor, Hatraco, and also of Altronic Europe BV.

Bell

Brooks

Smith

Donham

Powell

Porter

Ricker

Struker

Dick Shook

p. 14 Third Quarter GM Journal

Business Briefs

will have a positive impact on the market by, among other things, reducing the need for redundant flow and temperature instrumentation,” said Joe Mares, PECC’s engineering manager for valves and actuators. “With several operational modes to choose from, the eXVG provides an integrated, cost-effective migration path from traditional, fixed-orifice solutions to better, lower-emission performance across the spectrum of larger turbine and reciprocating engine applications.”

PECC’s unique measured-flow output provides an elegant way to measure flow without a sharp-edged orifice, turbine meter, coriolis meter or other independent direct-flow device. This patented approach employs a highly characterized orifice, sensors to determine the pressure across the orifice, a gas temperature sensor, and a carefully calibrated set of calculations that factors out sensor error to accurately determine real-time mass flow over a wide range of pressure, temperature and flow rates.

Precise digital flow-characterization data is logged at the PECC test facility and downloaded to the valve itself, providing the eXVG with the equivalent of an extremely tight-tolerance orifice without the costs typically associated with high-accuracy machining. The eXVG’s onboard Digital Signal Processor (DSP)

performs real-time mass flow calculations and compares the stored characterization information to the continuous measurement data supplied by internal gas temperature and pressure sensors, which in turn provides the user with a live analog feedback signal of mass flow.

New Low Emission Packing Reduces Gas Loss from Compressors

In early tests, the system reduces gas loss by about 83%

Compressor Engineering Corporation is helping operators address lost gas challenges with a new low-emission packing. Fugitive natural gas emissions result in a significant loss of revenue as well as contribute to environmental concerns. Stricterregulations and self-governing are currently being implemented to reduce methane release, a greenhouse gas.

Studies conducted by the Pipeline Research Committee at numerous compressorstations nationwide indicate an average rod leakage rate of 0.9 to 1.86 cfm per compressor rod. This figure is almost double that of the findings of the EPA GasResearch Institute. While this was not considered an industry problem several years ago, with gas prices now well above $5/Mcf, lost revenue as well as greenhouse gas emissions now compel companies to seek ways

to minimize leakage.

The technology to reduce fugitive emissions has been in place for many years in the refining, petrochemical and air separation industries. However, the natural gas industry has largely been ignored until now.

EPA InitiativeThe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is working with CECO and other alliance partners to identify, monitor and reduce methane emissions at compressorstations.

Using proven designs, unique materials and engineering expertise, CECO offerscustomers technical training in the field, troubleshooting and cost-effective solutionsbased on corporate goals and requirements. Several companies are now working with CECO to reduce and monitor emissions from compressor packingcases. CECO Low Emission Packing (LEP) has proven to help reduce lost gasand save money.

Important StepsCECO has identified a number of important leak reduction steps. Proper maintenance is critical as there are a number of impediments to effective sealing. There are numerous leak paths within a packing case, any of which can cause an unacceptable emissions release.

Early test results look extremely promising. At one compressor station, initial leakage of over 30 scfh was detected before installing CECO LEP.

After continuous monitoring, the leakage rate stabilized at 5 scfh, a reduction of about 83% in the amount of lost gas.

Cont’d from previous page

PECC’S eXVG

Precision Engine Controls introduces the eXVG, a next-generation gas fuel metering valve designed for use with large (up to10MW) turbines and reciprocating engines (up to 13,000 HP). The valve combines a patented fuel-flow measurement technique with fast, accurate and repeatable operation, resulting in better fuel/air ratio control for lowering emissions and improving engine performance, especially in Dry Low Emission (DLE / low NOX) applications. The eXVG’s optional 4-20mA interface allows complete closed-loop fuel control, and the unit’s onboard 24Vdc electronics provide improved health and data monitoring via an isolated RS-232 serial interface for downloading real-time data to the user’s laptop. Representing the latest advances in measurement, contamination resistance and precision control capability over a wide flow range, the eXVG’s two-inch diameter pipe effectively delivers 20% more fuel than the company’s highly successful XVG fuel valve, making the new valve ideal for larger engines or those operating with lower supply pressures or low BTU fuels.

Design-wise, the eXVG provides a single direct-acting solenoid actuator with no mechanical linkages and only one moving part. The valve’s balanced flow tube provides superior flow performance and assures smooth, fast operation over a wide pressure range. Featuring a contamination-resistant self-cleaning flow-through design, the eXVG also provides a fail-safe closing spring, with easy-to-clean soft seats, to ensure a positive shut-off. The eXVG’s standard 200:1 turn-down ratio allows operation over a wide flow range and low supply pressure, providing a four-fold improvement over the typical 50:1 turn down (max vs. min flow) of many competitive models.

“We’re confident that the eXVG’s enhanced functionality

As the first heavy duty engine for urban bus applications to be certified to the 2010 U.S. EPA and 2010 CARB standards, Cummins Westport Inc. can now claim the title “World’s Clean-est Heavy Duty Engine,” a long sought after and highly antici-pated feat. Gordon Exel, Vice President America Sales of Cum-mins Westport, touts that “with improved low end torque and maintenance-free after-treatment, the ISL G will deliver diesel-like performance and reliability and the opportunity for customers to take advantage of the lower cost of natural gas.” With California’s existing infrastructure of natural gas fuelling stations combined with regulations for fleets to use the cleanest vehicles available, the switch from diesel to natural gas heavy-duty vehicles is an obvious choice.

In addition to the support received from the CNGVP, Cummins Westport received assistance from the South Coast Air Quality Management District (AQMD), the agency respon-sible for regulating emissions from heavy-duty vehicles in one of the most heavily trafficked regions of California. “Alterna-tive fuel engines lead the way in clean engine technology and we encourage engine manufacturers to strive beyond required engine standards when developing zero emission technologies,” said Chairman Dr. William Burke of the AQMD. “This achievement continues to support the South Coast region’s commitment to alternative fuels as one of the cleanest technologies available.”

Precision Engine Controls’ New Gas Fuel Metering Valve Offers 20% More Flow, Improved health Monitoring for Large Turbines & Reciprocating Engines

Patented electronic valve provides complete closed-loop fuel control; fast, accurate and repeatable operation over a broad range of operating conditions

918 317 4100 E-mail sales@fwmurphy.com

Visit us at GMRC - booth #307

www.murphy-pi.com

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