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Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Infrastructure Update
Ian Skelton
Director, Natural Gas Vehicles
AGL Resources’ Footprint
2
• NGVs use the same internal combustion engines as gasoline/diesel
• Inherently cleaner fuel because it is 97% Methane, or CH4, compared to other fuels with higher carbon content (Diesel – C14H30; Gasoline – C8H18)
• Two types of NGVs:
1. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) – still in gas state, dispensed at 3,600 psig
2. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) – Refrigerated to – 260 degrees F to convert to liquid, 1/600 of volume
What is a Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV)?
Methane Molecule – CH4
Butane
PentaneHexane
Ethane
Propane
Other
CNG Units and Conversions
• State of Georgia 560-9-1-.07 “To calculate the gallon-equivalent basis of compressed natural gas, multiply the amount of Therms by 0.8, then multiply result by applicable motor fuel excise tax.”
• CNG Station Sizing Rules of thumb: Compressor capacity 2 cfm per GGE/hr. Electricity for compression ~ 1 kWh per GGE CNG storage available for fast-fill 0.4 x SCF at 4500 psig
Therms per gal. Efficiency loss Multiplier
Gasoline ~ 1.25 - 1.25 therms/GGE
Diesel ~ 1.38 5 – 10% 1.5 therms/DGE
• Abundant Domestic Energy Supply
• 98% produced in North America
• Development of shale has increased supply to > 100 years
• Reduced Emissions
• Reduces emissions up to 90% over diesel and gasoline
• Meets EPA 2010 NOx levels without urea injection, etc.
• Reduced Greenhouse Gases
• NGVs emit 20 – 29% less CO2 than diesel and gasoline
• Cost Savings
• July 2012 NYMEX = $0.28/therm
• $0.28 x 1.25 therms/Gasoline Gallon Equivalent = $0.35/GGE
• Underlying commodity is $0.35/Gallon!
Market Drivers for NGVs
Market Driver: Abundant Domestic Supply
~98% of natural gas consumed in the U.S. is produced in North America – U.S. natural gas reserves
exceed 100 years at current consumption levels
– Recent discovery and development of natural gas shales have increased supply
Energy Independence
North America Natural Gas Reserves
Market Driver: Oil and Natural Gas Prices
7 WTI and Henry Hub Gas Price Spread
$/mmBtu Pre-2005 Historical Spread <$1/mmBtu
2005-2010 Avg. Spread ~$5.7/mmBtu
Forwards Spread ~$10/mmBtu
Market Driver: Lower Emissions
Air Quality Goals, NAAQS and EPA Emissions Requirements • Clean Air Act and Amendments drive local/regional governments
to reduce criteria emissions (NOx, PM, etc.) • EPA/CARB vehicle emissions requirements and impact on
OEMs’ product offerings, vehicle performance and fuel economy 1998 Stds
2002/2004 Stds
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
NOx (g/bhp-hr)
PM (g
/bhp
-hr)
2010 Std (.20 g/hp-hr NOx)
2007 “Compromise” Std
1.2 g/hp-hr NOX +NMHC
• Fuel economy and performance trade-offs for diesel to achieve 2004 and 2007 emissions
• Exhaust after-treatment technologies are expensive and maintenance intensive
• 2010 NOx target will require SCR with urea for most diesels
Honda Civic Natural Gas
• Currently the only Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) vehicle • Dedicated CNG, so eligible for $2,500 State of Georgia tax credit • 8 Gasoline Gallon tank (~ 220 miles range) • Call Robert Thompson, Honda Mall of Georgia, 678-614-3744
Recent Announcements From OEMs
“Chrysler now selling Dodge Ram 2500 Bi-fuel Pickup Truck” “General Motors will sell CNG Bi-fuel Commercial Pickup
Truck in Fourth Quarter 2012” “Ford and Westport LD Announces New Compressed Natural
Gas (CNG) System for Ford F-250 and F-350 Super Duty Pickups in Second Quarter 2012”
Examples of EPA/CARB Approved NGVs For complete list go to http://www.ngvamerica.org/pdfs/Available_Vehicles_and_Engines.pdf
OEM Vehicles (Light duty) • American Honda Civic (dedicated) • Dodge Ram 2500 pickup truck (bi-fuel) • Chevy Express/GMC Savana van (dedicated) • Chevy Silverado/GMC Sierra pickup (bi-fuel)
Engines (Heavy Duty)
Cummins Westport • 8.9L “ISL-G” – 250 to 320hp • 11.9L “ISX12-G” - 320 to 400hp
Emission Solutions Inc. • 7.6L Phoenix NG – 175-260hp
Re-power Int’l DT466/MaxxForceDT Westport Innovations Inc
• 15L “GX” 400/450hp (LNG only)
Conversions (Dedicated or bi-fuel) Chrysler
• Grand Caravan, Town & Country • Dakota, Ram 1500
Ford • Crown Vic, Grand Marquis, Town Car • Focus, Fusion, Milan • Escape, Mariner, Tribute • F-150/250/350 pickup truck • E-150/250/350 /450 van • Transit Connect
General Motors • Cadillac Escalade • Impala, Lucerne, Malibu • Avalanche, Tahoe, Suburban, Yukon • 4.8 - 8.0L Vans, pickups, cutaways
Heavy-Duty Natural Gas Engines
Manufacturer Engine HP and Torque CNG or LNG Availability
Cummins-Westport ISL-G 8.9L 320 HP – 1000 lb-ft CNG Available
Cummins-Westport ISX-G 11.9L 400 HP – 1400 lb-ft CNG or LNG 1Q 2013
Westport HD GX 15L 475 HP – 1750 lb-ft LNG Available
Navistar - ESI Phoenix 7.6L 300 HP – 860 lb-ft CNG Available
Navistar - ESI Maxxforce 9.3L 375 HP – 1280 lb-ft CNG 3Q 2012
Doosan Infracore GK12 11L 290 HP – 905 lb-ft CNG Available
Cummins-Westport ISL-G 8.9L
AGL’s CNG Experience
• AGL Resources has been in the Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) vehicle business since the 1970s
• AGL owns and maintains eight CNG refueling stations on customer premises for fleet vehicles in Georgia (city/county maintenance vehicles, forklifts, etc.)
• AGL provides maintenance services to 30 additional fleet customers who own their own stations
• AGL has a department of full time CNG technicians, 24-hr. emergency dispatch, etc.
AGL Partnership with MARTA
• AGL and MARTA developed a CNG transit bus program in 1996 • AGL maintains 2 CNG stations for MARTA’s 370 CNG buses
• Program Benefits: – Saves millions of dollars on diesel fuel costs – Displaces about 150,000 barrels of oil each year – Reduces emissions by millions of pounds of pollutants
AGL is a FuelMaker Dealer
Home Refueling Appliance (HRA or “Phill”) • Fuels at rate of ~ ½ gallon/hr. • Electrical: 240 VAC, 0.8 kWh • Dimensions HxWXD: 30”x14”x13” Vehicle Refueling Appliance (VRA) FMQ-2-36 • Fuels at rate of ~ 1 gallon/hr. • Electrical: 240/208 VAC, 7 amps • Dimensions LxWxH: 21"x20"x39"
FMQ-8-36 • Fuels at rate of ~ 4 gallons/hr. • Electrical: 240 VAC, 28 amps • Dimensions LxWxH: 33"x48"x32"
Atlanta 2009 ARRA Grant Summary
CNG Stations - 6 1 - DeKalb County LFG-to-CNG Processing Plant and CNG Station 4 - PS Energy (operated by Clean Energy) 1 - American Fueling Systems CNG Vehicles - 160 40 - DeKalb County, new Heavy-Duty and Light-Duty vehicles 50 - UPS, replacing existing CNG delivery vans 36 - City of Atlanta/Hartsfield Jackson Airport, shuttle buses 32 - The Parking Spot, shuttle buses 2 - Atlanta Airport Marriott, shuttle buses
Atlanta Public Access CNG Stations
Existing (5) (2)(2) Clean Energy, College Park PS Energy - Whitehall St. PS Energy – Lithonia PS Energy – Stone Mtn. PS Energy – East Point
Under Construction (2) DeKalb Co. – Ellenwood American Fuel Systems – Buford Hwy.
AGL CNG Infrastructure Program
• 5 year program to invest $11.57 million from USF • AGL will not be the CNG Retailer • AGL will install, own and maintain the CNG compressors,
storage, controls, etc. (“CNG Equipment”) • CNG Retailer/Applicant to lease land for CNG Equipment • CNG Retailer to install, own, and maintain the dispensers,
card readers, etc. and make any site improvements • Requires fleet commitment to use 20% of station capacity • Includes Home Refueling Appliance (HRA) lease option
Eligibility Criteria
1) Fleet Operator – Contract to utilize at least 20% of station capacity – Minimum 30,000 Gasoline Gallon Equivalents (GGE)/yr. for 5 years
2) CNG Retailer – Perform CNG retail function for a minimum term of 5 years – Accept all major fleet cards, MasterCard, and Visa – Purchase gas from certificated marketer at AGL meter
3) Property Owner – Commit to lease space for a minimum term of 5 years – Accessible to other fleets and public 24/7
Equipment Sizing/Cost
CNG EQUIPMENT ESTIMATED INSTALLED COSTS
NOMINAL STATION SIZE STATION DESIGN WITH 50% REDUNDANCY
75 gals/hr. (75 cfm x 2) + 36,000 scf storage $642,000
150 gals/hr. (150 cfm x 2) + 36,000 scf storage $836,000
400 gals/hr (400 cfm x 2) + 36,000 scf storage $1,105,000
750 gals/hr. (500 cfm x 3) + 72,000 scf storage $1,685,000
1500 gals/hr (1000 cfm x 3)+ 72,000 scf storage $2,300,000
CNG Program Timeline
• AGL issued RFP for project applications on March 1, 2012 • Applications were due April 16 • AGL issued notices of awarded project May 25 • Applicants now have until Aug 23 to finalize and execute
contracts with AGL • Construction will begin after the first of the year with the
first stations coming on line in Summer 2013 • Any funds awarded to applicants who fail to sign contracts
with AGL will be made available to other applicants on a first-come-first-served basis
Metro Atlanta – FireSide CNG, Roswell – Horizon Fuels, an affiliate of Jacoby Energy Development, Midtown – Premier Transportation, Forest Park – City of Atlanta, North Avenue – City of Atlanta, Claire Drive
Macon – Mansfield Oil, Pio Nono Avenue
Savannah – Colonial Group through its Enmark Subsidiary, O’Leary Road – Nopetro, Dean Forest Road
Valdosta – The Langdale Company, James P. Rogers Drive
AGL CNG Program - Awarded Stations
AGL CNG Program – HRA Lease Option
• AGL is distributor of FuelMaker “Phill” Home Refueling Appliance (HRA)
• Fuels at rate of approx. ½ gallon per hr. • 240 VAC power supply • ~ $0.20 per GGE electric compression cost
Lease Payment Standard - $120/month (includes $2,000 installation) USF plan - Reduced to $60 for first 500 units
For More Information
See Atlanta Gas Light’s CNG Infrastructure Plan homepage: www.atlantagaslight.com/cngplan or contact: Ian Skelton Director, Natural Gas Vehicles AGL Resources [email protected] 404-584-4626