Comprehensive Fire Stop Tutorial

8/11/2019 Comprehensive Fire Stop Tutorial

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Saving Lives and PropertyThrough Fire and Smoke Containment 2004 IFC

Presented by:

International Firestop Council

Firestop Inspection Training


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The Curriculum

1. Containment In Construction2. Code Requirements

3. How Firestopping Is TestedA. Penetrations

B. Head of WallC. Perimeter Barriers

4. The System Approach

5. Firestop Inspection

6. Firestop Contractor International Assoc.

7. Conclusion


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Containment In Construction

Section1


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The ThreeElements

OF LifeSafety

DETECTION

SUPPRESSIONCOMPARTMENTALIZATION

(1)


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Where is firestop required?

1) Containment In Construction


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Through-Penetrations



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Membrane-Penetrations



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Construction Joints



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Perimeter Containment



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Why is Firestopping Required?

To compartmentalize and prevent the spread of

flame and smoke through a structure during a fire

Life Safety

- Specification of fire barriers

and proper firestopping details

- Proper installation

- Diligent inspection

Mandated by the Codes

First Interstate Bank Building

Los Angeles, 1987


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Other Notable Fires:

August 2000 - Moscows Ostankino Tower

Cause of fire - Short circuit in wiring

Automatic sprinklers failed

May 1977 - Beverly Hills Supper Club

Cause of fire - Short circuit in wiring

Smoke and toxic gases killed 165

Litigation completed in 2001

1980 MGM Grand Hotel84 Died679 Injured

Sprinkler System Failure

Other Notable Fires:

May 2001 - Taipei Office Building

Fire started on 3rd Floor

Spread and jumped to 26th Floor


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Code Requirements

Section 2


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Regional Codes:Test Standards

IBC UBC SBC BOCA

Through

Penetration

ASTM E814

UL 1479

ASTM E814

UL 1479

ASTM E814

UL 1479

ASTM E814

UL 1479

JointsUL 2079

ANSI 2079

UL 2079

UBC AC-30

UL 2079(ASTM E119 &

ASTM E1399)

UL 2079(ASTM E119 &

ASTM E1399)

Perimeter

Barriers

ASTM E119

UL 263(ISMA-

ASTM E2307)

ASTM E119

UL 263(ISMA

UBC 29-6)

ASTM E119

UL 263(ISMA-

ASTM E2307)

ASTM E119

UL 263(ISMA-

ASTM E2307)

2) Code Requirements


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2) Code Requirements - IBC

Through-Penetrations Sections 711.3.1.2 & 711.4.1.2: Through-Penetrations

Through-penetrations shall be protected by an approved

penetration firestop system installed as tested in accordance with

ASTM E814, with a minimum positive pressure differential of 0.01

inch of water and shall have:

- an F rating of not less than the required fire resistance rating of the

wall penetrated.

- an F rating and a T rating of not less than 1 hour but not less than

the required rating of the floor penetrated.

Exceptions:

1) A T rating is not required for floor penetrations that are

contained and located within a wall cavity


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Sections 711.3.2 & 711.4.2 : Membrane Penetrations

Code Summary:

Membrane penetrations are firestopped the same asthrough penetrations

Exceptions:

If the steel outlet box is less than 16 sq. in., provided that the

openings do not exceed 100 sq. in. for any 100 sq. ft.

Outlet boxes on opposite sides of the wall are separated by a

horizontal distance of more than 24 inches.

Membrane Penetrations



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Section 712.1: Fire Resistive Joint Systems

Joints installed in or between fire resistance rated assemblies shall be

protected by an approved fire-resistant joint system designed to resist thepassage of fire for a time period not less than the required fire-resistance

rating of the assembly in which it is installed.

Section 712.3: Fire-resistant joint systems shall be tested in

accordance with the requirements of UL 2079.

Joints



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Section 712.4: Exterior Wall Assemblies

Code Summary:

voids created at the intersection of exterior curtain wall

assemblies and fire rated floor or floor ceiling assemblies, shall be

sealed with an approved material. Such material shall be securely

installed and capable of preventing the passage of flame and hot

gases sufficient to ignite cotton waste where subjected to ASTM

E119 time-temperature fire conditions ...

Reality:

Code language does not reference a test standard specific to

perimeter joints because one does not officially exist

Joints at exterior curtain wall assemblies currently evaluated to

ASTM E2307 (new standard)

Perimeter Barriers



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Code provisions provide clear direction for inclusion information

on the plans.

IBC Section 106.1.1, 2000 IBC

NBC Section 703.1 and 703.2, 1999 NBC

UBC Section 106.3.3, 706.1 and 710.2.3, 1997 UBC

SBC Section 104.2.4, 1999 SBC

IBC 106.1.1 - Information on Construction Documents shall be ofsufficient clarity to indicate the location, nature and extent of the work

proposed and show in detail that it will conform to the provisions of this

codes, relevant laws, ordinances, rules and regulations, as determined

by the building official.

Submittals



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Codes mandate through-penetrations and joints MUST NOT be

concealed from view until inspected and approved:

NBC Section 703.1.1, 1999 NBC

UBC Section 108.5.1, 1997 UBC

SBC Section 105.10, 1999 SBC

IBC Section 109.3.6, 2000 IBC

IBC 109.3.6 Fire resistant penetrations - Protection of joints andpenetrations in fire resistant rated assemblies shall not be concealed

from view until inspected and approved.

Inspection



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How Firestopping is Tested

Section 3


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Underwriters Laboratories Inc.

Omega Point Laboratories

Factory Mutual Standards Laboratories

Intertek (Warnock Hersey) Listings

Third Party Testing Labs

American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM)

Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL)

Labs Test to Standards


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3 Parts of a UL System:

1) Fire-Rated Wall or Floor

2) Penetrating Item(s) (If any)

3) Firestop Fill Material(s)

3) How Firestopping is Tested


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Through-Penetration Test

Before

ASTM E119 TIME TEMPERATURE CURVE


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ASTM E119 TIME - TEMPERATURE CURVE


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During


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After


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Hose Stream Test


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Example of Successful Testing

Construction - 4 PVC Through Drywall

Firestopping - Intumescent Device & Sealant

Before After


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Main Criteria:

F-Rating: Prohibits flame passage through the system for

the duration of the fire test.

T-Rating: Max. temp. rise of 325 F above ambient on the

non-fireside

L-Rating: Amount of air leakage

Hose Stream Performance

Through-Penetration Systems


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Head of Wall Jo int

Fire Resistive Joint Testing

Floo r to Floo r Join t


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ASTM E1399:Cyclic Movement and Measuring Min. & Max.

Joint Widths of Architectural Joint Systems

Cycling Requirements

Class Movement Min. Cycles Frequency

I Thermal 500 1 cycle / min.

II Wind Sway 500 10 cycle / min.

III Seismic 100 30 cycle / min.

IV Combined 100 30 cycle /

min.& 400 10 cycle / min


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Before


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After Fire Exposure


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Hosestream


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Hosestream Failure


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PATHS OF FIREPROPAGATION

Perimeter Barrier Testing


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Saving Lives and Property

Through Fire and Smoke Containment 2004 IFC

Room burner

from outside


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After room

burner burns for

5 minutes, the

window burner

is ignited.


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Perimeter Barrier Testing

Perimeter barrier systems are unique Mineral wool and sealant of the joint area alone is

usually not sufficient

ExceptionsConcrete, granite panels

Most approved curtain wall designs require protectionof the spandrel area in addition to the joint area

Most glass and aluminum curtain wall perimeter barrier

designs require some type of mechanical additions to

meet fire test standards. Many curtain walls are customized, therefore requiring

an Engineering Judgment


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Alternate Enclosure

Duct Testing

UL 1978Standard for Grease Ductwork

UL 263 (ASTM E119) and ISO 69441985

Standard for Air/Ventilation Ductwork

UL 1479 (ASTM E814)

Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of

Through-Penetration Firestops


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UL 1978Standard for Grease Ducts

500F Conditioning~4 Hours UntilDuct Comes to Equilibrium

Simulates Continuous Operation

2000F for 30 Minutes

Simulates Transient Grease Fire

Temperature CriteriaOutside of Wrap to Remain Below250F Plus Ambient


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Alternate Enclosure Duct Testing


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The System Approach

Section 4


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UL Approved No Such Thing (Only AHJ

approves products/systems

UL Classif ied Lab has used the country

requirements to evaluate the product

for specific hazards or properties

UL L isted Passes the standard test and isin the labs directory

4) The System Approach


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Example 1:

UL Listed - Through Penetration System

C-AJ-1079


Navigating UL


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Navigating UL:THROUGH PENETRATION FIRESTOP SYSTEMS (XHEZ)

First Alpha Charactersignifies what is being penetrated

F = Floors

W = Walls

C = Walls and Floors

Combination Floor or Wall

C-AJ-1079



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Navigating UL:

THROUGH PENETRATION FIRESTOP SYSTEMS (XHEZ)

Following Alpha Character(s)wall or floor construction type

A = Concrete floors

5 inch thickB = Concrete floors 5 inch thick

C = Framed floors

D = Steel decks in marine vessels

E-I = Reserved for future use

J = Concrete or masonry walls 8 inch thick

K = Concrete or masonry walls 8 inch thick

L = Framed walls

M = Bulkheads in marine vessels

N-Z = Reserved for future use

C-AJ-1079Construction Type of Floor or Wall



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Navigating UL:THROUGH PENETRATION FIRESTOP SYSTEMS (XHEZ)

Numeric Componentfirst digit identifies the type of penetrant,next three are sequential system numbering

0000-0999 = No Penetrant

1000-1999 = Metallic pipe, conduit or tubing2000-2999 = Nonmetallic pipe, conduit or tubing

3000-3999 = Electrical cables

4000-4999 = Cable trays with electrical cables

5000-5999 = Insulated pipes

6000-6999 = Busways7000-7999 = HVAC ducts

8000-8999 = Mixed multiple penetrations

9000-9999 = Reserved for future useC-AJ-1079

Individual System Number

C-AJ-1079Penetrant Type



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HW-D-0034

Example 2: UL System - Joints

Navigating UL



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Navigating UL:

JOINT SYSTEMS (XHBN)

First Two Alpha Charactersidentify the type of jointsystem

FF = Floor-to-Floor

WW = Wall-to-Wall

FW = Floor-to-Wall

HW = Head-of-Wall HW-D-0034Barriers That Form The Joint



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Navigating UL:


Next Alpha Characteridentifies the movement capabilities

of the system

D = Dynamic (movement capabilities)

S = Static (no movement capabilities)

HW-D-0034Movement: Static or Dynamic?



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Navigating UL:


Numeric Componentfirst digit identifies the width of the jointsystem, next three are sequential system numbering

0000-0999 = joint 2 inch

1000-1999 = joint 2 inch 6 inch

2000-2999 = joint 6 inch 12 inch

3000-3999 = joint 12 inch 24 inch

4000-4999 = joint24 inch

HW-D-0034Individual System Number

HW-D-0034Joint Width



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W-L-5130

C-AJ-7009

F-C-2004


4) Th S t A h

SYSTEM No. C-AJ-1379

F Ratings 3 Hr


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What type of building assembly is requiring firestopping? Floor or Wall

What type of material is the building assembly Concrete, CMU, Gypsum, Wood Frame

What is the penetrating item(s)? Metallic, Nonmetallic, Cables, Insulated, Construction Joints, etc.

What are the specific descriptions regarding thepenetrants? Diameter, quantity, type of plastic, type & thickness of insulation,

etc.

What is the hourly rating you are looking for? F Rating, T Rating

Are there any special considerations?

Movement, Environmental exposure

F Ratings 3 HrT Ratings 0 Hr

1A. Floor or Wall AssemblyMin 4-1/2 in. thick reinforced normal weight (150 pcf) concrete.Wall may also be constructed of any UL classified Concrete Blocks*. Max diam of opening is26-1/2 in.

See Concrete Blocks(CAZT) category in the Fire Resistance Rating Directory for namesof manufacturers.

1B. Metallic Sleeve (optional)Nom 16 in. (or smaller), Schedule 10 (or heavier) steel pipesleeve, cast or grouted into floor or wall assembly.

2. Through Penetrants One metallic pipe or tubing to be installed concentrically oreccentrically into opening such that the annular space between the pipe and the periphery of the

opening is min 0 in. (point of contact) to max 2-1/2 in. Pipe to be firmly supported on both sides ofopening. The following types and sizes of pipes may be used:(a) Nom. 24 in. diam (or smaller) Schedule 30 (or heavier) steel or iron pipe.(b) Nom. 4 in. diam (or smaller) electrical metallic tubing.

3. Packing MaterialMineral wool insulation of min 4 pcf firmly pressed into opening as apermanent form. Insulation material to be recessed by min depth of 1/2 in. from top surface offloor or both surfaces of wall.

4. Fill, Void, or Cavity Materials* Caulk Min 1/2 in. thickness of fill material appliedwithin the annulus, flush with top surface of floor or both surfaces of wall. A min 1/4 in. crown ofthe caulking material shall be applied around the entire circumference of the pipe at the level ofthe floor surface or both wall surfaces.

W. R. GRACE & CO. CONN. FlameSafe FS900+

* Bearing the UL Classification Marking.

Company ABCSuperDuper Sealant


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Engineering Judgments:

What are they?

When are they acceptable? When are they not appropriate?

What are the guidelines?



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When are they acceptable? When tested systems do not exist.

When modifying the application is unrealistic.

When existing test data supports theinterpolation.

When the author has experience with andknowledge of the conditions.

When an illustration is provided to aid ininstallation.


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Sources of Engineering Judgements Manufacturer

Third party labs (UL)

Fire Protection Engineer

Professional Engineer

Must be based on sound engineering practice andknowledge of both field application and capabilities

of system components



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According to the InternationalFirestop Council listed firestop

systems can be broadened within

the context of their originally tested

and rated conditionsthrough the

careful and restricted application ofaccepted engineering principles and

fire protection testing guidelines.



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Firestop Inspection

Section 5


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5) Firestop Inspection

Consider all other, life-safety building materials required by code...


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No Licensed Contractors

Usually Installed by Trades

Firestop Considered Beneath

Them

Most Users are Untrained

Firestopping in the Real World



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1. Rarely installedcorrectly

2. Install the sameway everywhere

The REDRINGSynd rome



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Annular Space



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1. Centered 2. Off-Centered

3. Point Contact

4. Continuous

Point Contact


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Through Fire and Smoke Containment 2004 IFCTOP VIEWSIDE VIEW

Crown Bead at Point Contact



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Penetrating

Item


Profile of Firestop Sealant

Poor Sealant

Footprint


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Profile of Firestop Sealant

Improved Sealant

Footprint

Penetrating

Item


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Duct Considerations:

Flat Sides > 24 Must Be Anchored

Anchors Into Duct Only, Not Wall

Framing Gauge Equal to (or Heavier)

Than Duct

Inspect Sealant Before Angle



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Through Fire and Smoke Containment 2004 IFCFlat Sides Braced With Angle


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5) Fi t I ti


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NFPA 13 Annular Space Limitations

If Pipe < 3.5 then annular = 1

If pipe > 3.5 then annular = 2

Annular must be 360 degrees

Pipe Movement

Seismic Movement

Water-Hammer from Testing

Metallic Sprinkler Pipe Considerations


5) Fi t I ti El t i l B


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5) Firestop Inspection - Electrical Boxes

5) Fi t I ti


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Electrical Boxes: You are allowed to have unprotected outlet

boxes in a wall if there is no more than 100 sq.inches of total openings per 100 sq. feet of wall.

Boxes must have at least a 24 inch horizontalseparation.

Putty pads have been tested to maintain the

ASTM E-119 test standard, with boxes installedless than 24 apart, as long as boxes are notback to back.



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Inspecting Firestop for

Compliance Video

Visual Inspection Quiz


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Whats wrong with these installs?

Dissimilar products in the same opening is not allowed

Vi l I i Q i


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Drywall mud is never an

acceptable firestop material

Collar should be flush with ceiling

surface



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Whats wrong with this install?

Head of wall joint

is firestopped,

but penetrationsare not

Is there

firestopping

behind the

drywall mud?

Penetrant

opening at top

of wall must befirestopped

with same

product as

head of wall



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Visually Nothing

Does number and type of wrap

strip match design?

Is there sealant in the void?

Does thickness and overlap of

coating match design?

What type and amount of backing

material is behind coating?



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The FirestopPre-Construction

Meeting

Review Design DrawingsSubmittals

Obtain Pre-Approved

Engineering Judgments

Schedule Work and Inspections




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Build a Mock-Up



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Simplifying the Inspection Process

Installation Stickers

Placed next to each penetration firestop orperiodically along a joint firestop

Should meet FCIA and/or architecturalspecifications

Firestop Contractors


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Firestop Contractors

International Association

Contractors specializing in

installation of firestop systems

Understand firestoppingrequirements across all areas of

construction

Committed to providing consistent,

high-quality installations

Active in the advancement of the

firestopping industry

6) FCIA FM 4991 Approved Contractor


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Factory Mutual FM 4991 is the first Approval of People.

Min. 2 years in firestop installation business

Designated Responsible Individual (DRI) is formally

tested by FM, retest every 3 years

FCIA Manual of Practice and FM 4991

Selection of Firestop Systems and Assemblies

Documented and archived record keeping system for

all installations

Must have an approved Quality Control Manual

Firestop Systems and Assemblies

Training

6) FCIAFM 4991 Approved Contractor

6) FCIA


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Why use an FCIA / FM4991 Contractor?

Peace of Mind

A Job Well DoneProfessionalism

Public Safety

6) FCIA

7) Conclusion


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Frequently Asked

Questions?

7) Conclusion


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7) Conclusion - Frequently Asked Questions?


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ARE ALL FIRESTOP SEALANTS EQUAL?

NO. Each manufacturers material has its own unique properties

and functions when applied in a firestop system design.

Similar firestop products cannot be used interchangeably

Each firestop system must be judged on its own merits andwithin the parameters of each manufacturers system specific

design

7) Conclusion- Frequently Asked Questions?

7) Conclusion - Frequently Asked Questions?


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IS MINERAL WOOL 1-HOUR RATED?

NO. Mineral wool is a component of many firestop systems but is

normally used in conjunction with sealants or coatings

Mineral wool alone does not pass the hose stream test

Mineral wool alone will not provide a smoke seal

7) Conclusion- Frequently Asked Questions?

7) Conclusion


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Final Thoughts

7) Conclusion

Firestopping is only installed to


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You are the last line of defense!

We need your help to ensure:

The code is enforced

Contractors do the job per specifications

Owner gets what is being paid for

Firestopping is only installed to

the level of knowledge of the AHJ

A il bl R


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Product Information

- manufacturerswebsites

International

Firestop Council

(IFC) -

www.firestop.org

Firestop

Contractors

International

Association (FCIA)

-www.fcia.org

IFC pocket

Firestopping

Inspection Manual

IFC Inspection

Guidelines for

Through-Penetration and

Fire Resistive Joint

Systems in Fire

Resistance Rated

Construction

Available Resources


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About the IFCThe International Firestop Council is a not-for-profit association of manufacturers,distributors and installers of fire protective materials and systems.

IFC's mission is to promote the technology of fire containment in modern building

construction through research, education and development of safety standards and

code provisions.

Website - www.firestop.org

Email - [email protected]

A il bl d ti l i


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Available educational seminars

on our website include..

Firestop 101An introduction to firestopping

Perimeter Curtain Wall Fire Protection

Firestop System Selection

Flexible Duct Wrap Systems

Fire Protection of Construction Joints


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Thank You