Comprehensive Algae Nutraceuticals Report - Oilgae.com · Comprehensive Algae Nutraceuticals Report 3 ... 4.1.4 Omega-3 Fatty Acids (EPA, ... They differ from other antioxidants in

Comprehensive Algae Nutraceuticals Report

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About the Report

What Does the Comprehensive Algae Nutraceuticals Report Provide?

The report provides

Inputs on the brief manufacturing process of key algae based nutraceuticals

Latest updates on the current and future market potential of algae based nutraceuticals

Stakeholders with a list of major producers of algae based nutraceutical products and its current and

emerging applications

Why Should You Buy the Report?

Business Oriented - It answers the most important questions that entrepreneurs, investors and

businesses have before investing in algae nutraceuticals.

Focus - It provides exclusive insights and intelligence about the various nutraceutical products of

algae, their production methods and end-uses

Written by Experts - It has been developed by Algae Industry Experts at Oilgae, the definitive and

most-referenced resource for the algae industry.

Key Questions Answered in this Report

What are the nutraceutical products obtained from algae and their applications?

What are the key stages in cultivation of microalgae for nutraceuticals production?

What are the current and future market potential for algae based nutraceuticals?

What are the manufacturing processes for key algae based nutraceutical products?

Which are the prominent companies worldwide for algae nutraceuticals?

How are the demand and supply scenarios and the market potential for the various algae

nutraceuticals for key geographies – North America, Europe, Asia, South America & Africa?

What are the key drivers and challenges for the growth of algae nutraceutical products worldwide,

and for specific geographies?

What are the latest research, innovations & partnerships in the algae nutraceutical domain?

What is Exclusive about this Report?

There is no other comprehensive report available specifically for algae nutraceuticals anywhere in

the world.

This report has been developed by a specialist in the algae industry, Oilgae. Our team has developed

this report based on extensive feedback and inputs we received from a number of industry

stakeholders in the past few years- manufacturers and processors, algae cultivators, algae

nutraceuticals users, government and trade bodies.


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Algae Nutraceuticals Covered in the Report

Algae Nutraceuticals

Proteins

Spirulina

Chlorella

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

DHA

EPA

Carotenoids and Pigments

Beta Carotene

Astaxanthin

Lutein

Lycopene

Zeaxanthin

Chlorophyll

Phycocyanin

Fucoxanthin

Canthaxanthin


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LIST OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1 – Algae Nutraceuticals – Introduction & Production

1.1 Production Processes for Key Algae Nutraceuticals

1.1.1 Introduction to Algae

1.1.2 Use of Algae for Nutraceuticals

1.1.3 Algae Nutraceuticals Production

1.1.4 Algae Strains used for each Nutraceutical Product

1.1.5 Composition of Algae Nutraceuticals

Chapter 2 – Microalgae Cultivation & Processing

2.1 Processes, Cost Components and Equipment for the Three Main Stages of Microalgae Production

2.1.1 Cultivation

2.1.2 Dewatering

2.1.3 Drying

Chapter 3 – Algae Nutraceuticals Market

Insights and perspectives on current and future demand/supply estimates for algae nutraceuticals across

product types and geographies

3.1 Key Market Segments for Algae Nutraceuticals

3.1.1 Characteristics of the Market Segments

3.1.2 Drivers for Nutraceutical Consumption

3.2 Global Algae Nutraceuticals Demand & Supply

3.2.1 Trends in Demand & Supply for Prominent Nutraceutical Products

3.2.2 Trends in Demand & Supply for Geographies – North America, Asia, Europe, Middle East

3.3 Geographies with Attractive Markets for Algae Nutraceuticals – North America, Asia, Europe, Middle East

3.3.1 Highlights of Demand

3.3.2 Market Segment Characteristics for Key Geographies

Chapter 4 – Algae Nutraceuticals – End Uses

4.1 Current End Uses for Algae Nutraceuticals, for

4.1.1 Spirulina

4.1.2 Chlorella

4.1.3 Astaxanthin

4.1.4 Omega-3 Fatty Acids (EPA, DHA)

4.1.5 Beta Carotene

4.1.6 Canthaxanthin

4.1.7 Chlorophyll

4.1.8 Fucoxanthin

4.1.9 Lutein

4.1.10 Phycocyanin


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4.1.11 Zeaxanthin

4.1.12 Lycopene

Chapter 5 – Emerging Trends in Applications, Partnerships & Research

5.1 Emerging End Uses for Algae Nutraceuticals

5.2 Prominent Partnerships

5.3 Algae Nutraceuticals – Insights from Past & Ongoing Research

Chapter 6 – Prominent Algae Nutraceuticals Producers

6.1 Detailed Profiles of Prominent Suppliers Categorized by Geography

6.1.1 North America

6.1.2 Europe

6.1.3 Middle East

6.1.4 Asia Pacific

6.1.5 Rest of World

6.2 List of Other Algae Nutraceutical Companies with Brief Profiles


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Sample Content from the Report (Sample content provided for select chapters to enable prospective buyers appreciate the depth and

breadth of inputs)


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Chapter Contents

1.1 Production Processes for Key Algae Nutraceuticals

1.1.1 Introduction to Algae

1.1.2 Use of Algae for Nutraceuticals

1.1.3 Algae Nutraceuticals Production

1.1.4 Algae Strains used for each Nutraceutical Product

1.1.5 Composition of Algae Nutraceuticals

=========================SAMPLE CONTENT=========================

Algae Nutraceuticals

Proteins

Spirulina

Chlorella

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

DHA

EPA

Carotenoids and Pigments

Beta Carotene

Astaxanthin

Lutein

Lycopene

Zeaxanthin

Chlorophyll

Phycocyanin

Fucoxanthin

Canthaxanthin

1. Algae Nutraceuticals – Introduction & Production


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1.1 Production Process

Carotenoids

1. Astaxanthin

Product Ketocarotenoid

Other Current Sources Highest concentration in Wild Pacific sockeye salmon. It is also found in krill, algae, red trout, shrimp, crab and lobster.

Algae Strains Used Haematococcus pluvialis, Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella zofingiensis, and Coelastrella striolata var. multistriata

Status of Commercialization

Commercialized

Astaxanthin is a naturally occurring high-value ketocarotenoid pigment with excellent antioxidant effects

belonging to the xanthophyll group of carotenoids, or the oxygenated carotenoids. The hydroxyl and keto

functional groups present in the ending ionone ring of astaxanthin are responsible for its uniquely powerful

antioxidant activity. They differ from other antioxidants in its ability to penetrate the blood brain and retina

barriers. Therefore, it is believed to protect the brain and nervous system from neurodegenerative diseases

(e.g. cerebral thrombosis and stroke) and aging.

Natural astaxanthin production and commercialization is estimated to be a $1.2 billion annual market. Today,

essentially all commercial astaxanthin for aquaculture is produced synthetically from petrochemical sources,

with an annual turnover of over $200 million, and a selling price of around $2000 per kilogram of pure

astaxanthin. Natural astaxanthin is sold for over $7000 per kg.

Commercial Production of Astaxanthin

Natural astaxanthin is produced in a two-stage culture process and its concentration can reach 1.5% to 4%

of the dry weight.


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Astaxanthin Production by Haematococcus pluvialis

Challenges in Astaxanthin Production

Although natural sources have long been exploited for astaxanthin production, it is still uncertain if

natural astaxanthin can be produced at lower cost than that of synthetic astaxanthin.

One of the major limitations with the H. pluvialis production system is that the astaxanthin gets

trapped behind thick cells walls, thus complicating the extraction process and the production yields.

Production capacity of H. pluvialis is constrained by its intrinsic slow growth, low cell yield, ease of

contamination by bacteria and protozoa, and susceptibility to adverse weather conditions. These

challenges are magnified as processes are scaled up, and therefore require advanced technology to

control.

H. pluvialis cannot be efficiently cultivated in dark heterotrophic mode, which requires high levels of

irradiance, making the process economically less reasonable.

Green Stage

•Indoor cultivation with a single colony of Haematococusfollowed by outdoor cultivation in PBRs.

•For the maximal prodcution of biomass

Red Stage

•Cells subjected to stress conditions (heavy doses of irradiation and changes in growth media)

•Cells form thick walled cysts

•Synthesize and accumulate astaxanthin in the esterified form.

Product Recovery

•Cell disruption and biomass extraction (Organic solvent mediated extraction)

•Purification


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1.1.5 Spirulina Composition

Various Proximate Analysis Results of Spirulina (% dry matter)

Component FOI, France SAC Thailand IPGSR, Malaysia

BAU, Bangladesh

Crude Protein 65 55-70 61 60

Soluble carbohydrate

19 - 14 -

Crude Lipid 4 5-7 6 7

Crude FIber 3 5-7

Ash 3 3-6 9 11

Moisture - 4-6 6 9

Nitrogen free extract (NFE)

- 15-20 4 17

Sources: FOI = French Oil Institute; SAC = Siam Algae Co. Ltd; IPGSR = Institute of Post-graduate Studies and Research laboratory, University of Malaya; BAU = Bangladesh Agricultural University

Spirulina contains about 60 % (51–71 %) protein of its dry weight. The protein content varies by 10-15%

according to the time of harvesting in relation to daylight.

Spirulina contain about 15-25 % carbohydrates (dry weight).

In strains of spirulina used, the nucleic acid levels vary from 4.2-6% of dry matter.

Spirulina's lipid content is about 7% by weight, and is rich in gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), and also

provides alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), linoleic acid (LA), stearidonic acid (SDA), eicosapentaenoic

acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA).

Spirulina contains vitamins B1, B2 , B3 , B6 , B9 , vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin A and vitamin E. It is also

a source of potassium, calcium, chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus,

selenium, sodium and zinc.

Spirulina contains many pigments which may be beneficial and bioavailable, including beta

carotene, zeaxanthin, chlorophyll-a, xanthophylls, echinenone, myxoxanthophyll, canthaxanthin,

diatocanthin, 3’-hydroxyechinenone, beta-cryptoxanthin and oscillaxanthin, plus the phycobiliproteins

c-phycocyanin and allophycocyanin.


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Chapter Contents

2.1 Processes, Cost Components and Equipment for the Three Main Stages of Microalgae Production

2.1.1 Cultivation

2.1.2 Dewatering

2.1.3 Drying

=========================SAMPLE CONTENT=========================

2.1.1 Comparison of Large Scale Systems for Growing Algae

Reactor Type Mixing Light Utilization Efficiency

Temp. Control

Gas Transfer

Hydro Dynamic Stress On Algae

Species Control

Sterility Scale Up

Unstirred Shallow Ponds

V. Poor Poor None Poor V. Low Difficult None Very Difficult

Tanks Poor V. Poor None Poor V. Poor Difficult None Very Difficult

Circular Stirred Pond

Fair Fair - Good None Poor Low Difficult None Very Difficult

Paddle Wheel Raceway

Fair-Good Fair – Good None Poor Low Difficult None Very Difficult

Stirred Tank Reactor

Largely Uniform

Fair - Good Excellent Low-High High Easy Easily Achievable

Difficult

Airlift Reactor Generally Uniform

Good Excellent High Low Easy Easily Achievable

Difficult

Bag Culture Variable Fair-Good Good(Indoors)

Low-High Low Easy Easily Achievable

Difficult

Flat Plate Reactor

Uniform Excellent Excellent High Low-High Easy Achievable Difficult

Tubular Reactor(Serpentine)

Uniform Excellent Excellent Low – High

Low-High Easy Achievable Reasonable

Tubular Reactor (Biocoil)

Uniform Excellent Excellent Low-High Low-High Easy Achievable Easy

2. Microalgae Cultivation & Processing


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2.1.2 Pros and Cons of Various Harvesting Techniques

Technique Energy inputs Capital investment

Algae concentration (dry)

Other pros/cons

Centrifugation Energy intensive – 0.3 – 8 kWh/m3 depending on operation mode

Efficiency – 95% at 13000 g

High 10 - 22% Suitable for all algae species; high throughput rate achieved

Dissolved air floatation

- High capital and operational cost

7% Species specific, gravity separation process, success depends on instability of suspended particles

Lamellar decanter /sedimentation

- Low 0.5 – 3% Potential for use as a first stage to reduce energy input and cost of subsequent stages

Membrane filtration - - 2 – 27% Not suitable for large scale process, membrane fouling and clogging, suited for large algae cells

Flocculation (auto/chemical)

- - 3 – 8% Autoflocculation – species specific, slow, unreliable; Inorganic/organic flocculants – contamination & bio flocculants costly

Ultrafiltration - High capital and operational costs

1.5 - 4 O&M costs high, reduced algae concentrate due to backwashes, can handle delicate cells

Gravimetric dewatering

- - - -

Screening - Inexpensive - Used for large size algae


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Chapter Contents

4.1 Current End Uses for Algae Nutraceuticals

4.1.1 Spirulina

4.1.2 Chlorella

4.1.3 Astaxanthin

4.1.4 Omega-3 Fatty Acids (EPA, DHA)

4.1.5 Beta Carotene

4.1.6 Canthaxanthin

4.1.7 Chlorophyll

4.1.8 Fucoxanthin

4.1.9 Lutein

4.1.10 Phycocyanin

4.1.11 Zeaxanthin

4.1.12 Lycopene

=========================SAMPLE CONTENT=========================

4.1.1 Spirulina

Applications of Spirulina

Spirulina spp. and its processing products are employed in agriculture, food industry, pharmaceutics,

perfumery and medicine. Spirulina has several pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial (including

antiviral and antibacterial), anticancer, metalloprotective (prevention of heavy-metal poisoning against Cd,

Pb, Fe, Hg), as well as immunostimulant and antioxidant effects due to its rich content of protein,

polysaccharide, lipid, essential amino and fatty acids, dietary minerals and vitamins.

The nutritional profile of Spirulina is very effective when combined with a healthy and balanced diet as part

of a preventive strategy for self-care. 1 kg of Spirulina has the same nutrients found in about 1,000 Kg. of

assorted vegetables. Some of the key health benefits of using Spirulina are:

4. Algae Nutraceuticals – End Uses

Boosts the immune system Controls appetite

Improve digestion Keeps a tab on cardiovascular function

Reduce fatigue Helps proper liver and kidney functioning

Build endurance Reduces inflammation and allergies

Detoxifier – cleanses the body Boosts energy levels

Spirulina is also believed to control ailments such as AIDS/HIV, arthritis, athletic nutrition, enhancing natural cleansing and detoxification, supporting cardiovascular function and healthy cholesterol, strengthening the immune system, improving gastrointestinal and


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4.1.2 Chlorella

Chlorella is one of the most widely studied food supplements in the world. Aside from being the subject of

medical research in the USA, USSR, Germany, Japan, France, England and Israel, Chlorella has been

extensively studied as a food source since it is made up of a whopping 50% protein and is considered a

complete amino acid-based food. Even NASA has studied using chlorella as the one of first whole foods in

space on the international space station!

Studies in Japan have shown chlorella may help reduce body fat percentage and may be useful in fighting

obesity and weight related diabetes. It may also help reduce both cholesterol and hypertension. Chlorella's

cleansing action on your bowel and other elimination channels, as well as its protection of your liver, also

helps promote clean blood. And clean blood helps assure metabolic waste get efficiently carried away from

your tissues

Regular consumption of chlorella provides many health benefits as follows:

Reduced blood pressure and cholesterol levels

Helps prevent cardiovascular disease

Diminishes asthma and allergy symptoms

Helps protect the liver from toxins, including drugs

Binds to toxic heavy metals like mercury, lead, cadmium, uranium, arsenic and helps eliminate them

from your body

Helps control symptoms of ulcerative colitis

Anti-inflammatory properties of chlorella improve arthritis symptoms

Helps in enhancing digestion and bowel function

Promotes growth of colon flora

Improves immune system

Improves skin disorders

Helps in preventing cancers and growth of tumors

Stabilizes blood sugar

Assists in anti-aging efforts

Helps in healing skin wounds

Improves the immune system

Can be selectively used to cure anemia

Helps in aiding weight loss

Other niche uses/benefits include pollution control, where chlorella acts as biofilter - Organic chlorella

reduces mercury contamination efficiently by binding to those toxic ions.

digestive health, reducing cancer risks with antioxidant protection, general and long term health.


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Chapter Contents

5.1 Emerging End Uses for Algae Nutraceuticals


5.3 Algae Nutraceuticals – Insights from Past & Ongoing Research

=========================SAMPLE CONTENT=========================

5.1 Emerging End Uses of Algae Nutraceuticals

Developments in 2017

April - Marine nutraceutical ingredients obtained from algae are finding place in new markets such

as beverage industry. Prinova has partnered with Oceans Omega to use algae DHA for liquid

applications. AstaReal Astaxanthin has said that with a special spray drying process, it is possible to

supply water dispersible AstaReal Astaxanthin powder called P2AF that can be incorporated in

instant beverages.

February - Researchers at the University of Cadiz UCA have collaborated with Technological

Aquaculture Centre (CTAQUA) for a project named EALGA which aims to optimize the harvesting and

cultivation of seaweed in the Bay of Cadiz. As part of the project, the researchers have developed

products which are made with the different types of seaweed collected from the marshes in the Bay

of Cadiz. To make the products attractive to consumers and easily affordable, they have added the

seaweed as a main ingredient.

February - Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, which is headquartered in Kochi, India has come

up with a seaweed based nutritional drink. The new product is to be launched soon in Delhi.

The nutritional drink is essentially grape juice mixed with Sargassum, a marine brown seaweed

extract. According to CIFT scientists, edible seaweeds, including Sargassum are rich in natural

antioxidants, dietary polysaccharides, proteins, vitamins and minerals.

The nutraceutical drink does not contain any chemicals, hence it can be stored for six months without

any damage.

January - Holland and Barrett, a health food shop has launched the UK’s first algae based vegan eggs.

The vegan egg which comes in the form of powder can be used to make scrambled eggs, omelettes

and even cakes. Rich in 4.4g of fibre per serving and naturally high amounts of healthy fats, amino

acids and micro-nutrients, the vegan egg has half the calories of hen’s eggs. The product has been

on sale for a while in US but recently, Holland and Barrett has brought it to the British Streets.

5. Emerging Trends in Applications, Partnerships & Research


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Partnerships Established in 2016 November – Cellana and PIVEG announced that they have signed a letter of intent for the joint

development and commercialization of Omega-3 oils and other high-value applications from algae

biomass.

May - Algae.Tec announced the signing of an exclusive supply agreement with Gencor, a leading

worldwide supplier of health supplements through its worldwide operations and group companies.

The supply agreement gives Gencor the exclusive rights to buy all of the algae oil and powders

produced by the Algae.Tec plant in Cummings, Georgia, for nutraceutical applications.

April - United Natural Products Alliance (UNPA) has entered a new Memorandum of Understanding

(MOU) partnership with the Natural Algae Astaxanthin Association (NAXA). As part of the formal

agreement, NAXA will work with UNPA to advance the state of natural algal astaxanthin dietary

supplement education, research, safety and quality, both nationally and internationally.

March - Astaxanthin supplier Algatechnologies has partnered with NaturaExtracta to distribute its

product AstaPure astaxanthin in Mexico for the first time. The product will be sold to companies in

the dietary supplements, cosmetics and personal care market.

February - Matrix Genetics and Proterro have announced a partnership to produce high value

nutritional products in Spirulina. Matrix will develop the Spirulina strains and Proterro will grow

these strains on their proprietary production system.

January - Frutarom Industries Ltd. signed an agreement to invest in Algalo Industries Ltd. Frutarom

will invest a total of NIS 10 million (approx. US$ 2.6 million) in exchange for the allocation of 50% of

Algalo shares to build a modern biotechnology facility that will specialize in cultivation, harvesting

and processing algae using advanced methods.


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Chapter Contents


6.1.1 North America

Cyanotech

Sun Chlorella

Cellana

Aurora Algae

Martek Biosciences

Earthrise Nutritionals

Valensa International

C.B.N Spirulina Canada Co., Ltd

Bioprocess Algae

Cargill

Terravia (Solazyme)

6.1.2 Europe

DSM NV

BM Energy Group and AstaNovo AS

CO2BIO

Allmicroalgae

6.1.3 Middle East

Qualitas Health

AlgaTechnologies

6.1.4 Asia Pacific

3W Botanical

Parry Nutraceuticals

Hydrolina Biotech

AstaReal AB

Australian Spirulina

Amicogen

BGG

Febico

FEMICO

Yaeyama Chlorella

Yigeda Bio-Technology

6.1.5 Rest of World

6.2 List of Other Algae Nutraceutical Companies with Brief Profiles

Algaecytes

Algisys

Ascenta Health

6. Prominent Algae Nutraceuticals Producers


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Ayanda AS

Beijing Leili

Biotivia

Fenchem Biotek Ltd

Fuqing King Dnarmsa Spirulina

Gong Bih Enterprise

Green-A

Guangdong Runke Bioengineering Co Ltd

Jingzhou Natural Astaxanthin Inc.

JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation

Kunming Biogenic Co., Ltd.

MC Biotech

Nordic Naturals

NOW Foods

Pigmentos Naturales SA

Piveg

Polaris

Seven Seas Ltd

Shandong Wefirst Biotechnology Co Ltd

Shandong Enkang

Solutex GC, S.L.

Source-Omega LLC

Supreme Biotechnologies NZ Ltd

Taiwan Chlorella Manufacturing Company

Tianjin Norland Biotech

Unived

Vedan

Wilson

Wudi Luqi Biological Engineering


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=========================SAMPLE CONTENT=========================


Cyanotech

Headquartered at - Hawaii, USA

Main Line of Activity - Microalgae natural products

Company Profile

Cyanotech develops and commercializes natural products from microalgae. The company is currently

producing microalgae products for the nutritional supplement and immunological diagnostics markets in

addition to microalgae-based products and food coloring markets.

Algae Nutraceutical Products

Spirulina Pacifica® (a select strain of Spirulina platensis)

BioAstin (Hawaiian Astaxanthin)

Technology Employed

Cyanotech’s microalgae is cultured in shallow, open ponds (approximately 20 cm deep) adjacent to the

Pacific Ocean. A combination of fresh water and supplemental deep ocean water is used to fill the ponds.

The other major components required for growing Spirulina Pacifica are food-grade baking soda (sodium

bicarbonate) and carbon dioxide. Food grade fertilizers are used and the deep sea water is added as a rich

source of minerals and trace elements. Paddle wheels agitate the water, ensuring even exposure of the algae

to the sun for optimal growth and nutritional value.

Highlights

Cyanotech’s BioAstin product was the first source of astaxanthin for human nutrition reviewed

by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Hawaiian Spirulina is the only cultured microalgae grown with ultra pure deep ocean water as a

source of minerals and trace elements. The deep ocean water is pumped up from a depth of

2000 feet, supplying magnesium, calcium, and every trace element.


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The Price of the Report is US$ 1500

Oilgae’s Other Acclaimed Reports

Comprehensive Guide for Algae-based CO2 Capture

Comprehensive Algae Fuels Report

Comprehensive Report on Attractive Algae

Product Opportunities

Oilgae Guide to Algae-based Wastewater

Treatment

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Comprehensive Algae Nutraceuticals Report - Oilgae.com · Comprehensive Algae Nutraceuticals Report 3 ... 4.1.4 Omega-3 Fatty Acids (EPA, ... They differ from other antioxidants in