Compounds and Molecules(and Latin Symbols)

What are they???

Compounds

• O.K. – you now know that there are over 100 different elements on the periodic table.

• Most elements can join together chemically to form a brand new thing.

• This “thing” is called a compound.

Think of it like this….

There are 26 letters in the alphabet.

These letters can be combined to form words.

Compounds are like words.

Different combinations of letters give you different words.

Different combinations of elements give you different compounds.

Take this example….

Hydrogen (H), a gas, is the lightest element. It was used in the pride of the Nazi airships, the Hindenburg.

Only one problem with hydrogen………

Ba-BOOM!

Oh! The Humanity!

Now, you know that explosions are cool when….

(well, maybe not THIS explosion)

They

Have

Their

Own

STAMPS

Here’s a postcard that survived the explosion

O.K., now take oxygen … you know it’s a gas – one that you breathe in every day.

Combine these two gases in a 2:1 ratio and what do you get…….

WATER – a liquid

Question: You mean when two gases combine chemically they make a liquid???

Answer: Yup.

Science TV

Periodic Table - Compounds

So, the elements oxygen and hydrogen combined in a specific way gives you the compound water.

Let’s say you add one more oxygen atom to the mix. Instead of H2O you have H2O2.

Do you know what that is????

Just think of how many different compounds can form from over 100 different elements…..

Just about everything you see, touch, smell, eat, etc……… is made of compounds.

Take aspirin, for example…….here is it’s formula:

C9H8O4

carbon – 9 atoms

hydrogen – 8 atoms

oxygen – 4 atoms

Aspirin is made up of three different elements and a total of 21 atoms.

If you keep cutting the water in half will there be a point that if you cut one more time you do not have water?

YES! That smallest piece of water is called a molecule.

Now a molecule is the smallest part of a compound that still keeps the properties of that compound. Here’s an example -

We’ll stay with water. H2O

Cut the amount in half

Your blood contains a compound called hemoglobin. Look at hemoglobin’s chemical formula:

C3032H4816O870N780S8Fe4

That’s 6 different elements for a total of 9512 atoms!

One hemoglobin molecule is exactly that size – no more…no less (of course in your blood you have many of those molecules).

Science TV

Periodic Table - Molecules

Questions…•Is a molecule always a compound?

No - A single atom of gold could be considered one molecule

•Can an element be a molecule?

Yes – see above answer

•Is a compound always a molecule?

Yes – one individual H2O unit is one molecule

Element symbols

Some elements have symbols that don’t make sense…

….like the symbol for iron is Fe.

Where does that come from???

Answer: Latin language

You see….back in the early days Latinwas the language of the intellectualpeople in Europe.

Part 2Element Symbols

The Weird Ones…

Element Name Latin Name Symbol

Sodium Natrium

Potassium Kalium

Iron Ferrum

Copper Cuprum

Silver Argentum

Tin Stannum

Tungsten Wolfram

Gold Aurum

Mercury Hydragyrum

Lead Plumbum

Part 2Element Symbols

The Weird Ones…

Element Name Latin Name Symbol

Sodium Natrium Na

Potassium Kalium

Iron Ferrum

Copper Cuprum

Silver Argentum

Tin Stannum

Tungsten Wolfram

Gold Aurum

Mercury Hydragyrum

Lead Plumbum

Part 2Element Symbols

The Weird Ones…

Element Name Latin Name Symbol

Sodium Natrium Na

Potassium Kalium K

Iron Ferrum

Copper Cuprum

Silver Argentum

Tin Stannum

Tungsten Wolfram

Gold Aurum

Mercury Hydragyrum

Lead Plumbum

Part 2Element Symbols

The Weird Ones…

Element Name Latin Name Symbol

Sodium Natrium Na

Potassium Kalium K

Iron Ferrum Fe

Copper Cuprum

Silver Argentum

Tin Stannum

Tungsten Wolfram

Gold Aurum

Mercury Hydragyrum

Lead Plumbum

Part 2Element Symbols

The Weird Ones…

Element Name Latin Name Symbol

Sodium Natrium Na

Potassium Kalium K

Iron Ferrum Fe

Copper Cuprum Cu

Silver Argentum

Tin Stannum

Tungsten Wolfram

Gold Aurum

Mercury Hydragyrum

Lead Plumbum

Part 2Element Symbols

The Weird Ones…

Element Name Latin Name Symbol

Sodium Natrium Na

Potassium Kalium K

Iron Ferrum Fe

Copper Cuprum Cu

Silver Argentum Ag

Tin Stannum

Tungsten Wolfram

Gold Aurum

Mercury Hydragyrum

Lead Plumbum

Part 2Element Symbols

The Weird Ones…

Element Name Latin Name Symbol

Sodium Natrium Na

Potassium Kalium K

Iron Ferrum Fe

Copper Cuprum Cu

Silver Argentum Ag

Tin Stannum Sn

Tungsten Wolfram

Gold Aurum

Mercury Hydragyrum

Lead Plumbum

Part 2Element Symbols

The Weird Ones…

Element Name Latin Name Symbol

Sodium Natrium Na

Potassium Kalium K

Iron Ferrum Fe

Copper Cuprum Cu

Silver Argentum Ag

Tin Stannum Sn

Tungsten Wolfram W

Gold Aurum

Mercury Hydragyrum

Lead Plumbum

Part 2Element Symbols

The Weird Ones…

Element Name Latin Name Symbol

Sodium Natrium Na

Potassium Kalium K

Iron Ferrum Fe

Copper Cuprum Cu

Silver Argentum Ag

Tin Stannum Sn

Tungsten Wolfram W

Gold Aurum Au

Mercury Hydragyrum

Lead Plumbum

Part 2Element Symbols

The Weird Ones…

Element Name Latin Name Symbol

Sodium Natrium Na

Potassium Kalium K

Iron Ferrum Fe

Copper Cuprum Cu

Silver Argentum Ag

Tin Stannum Sn

Tungsten Wolfram W

Gold Aurum Au

Mercury Hydragyrum Hg

Lead Plumbum

Part 2Element Symbols

The Weird Ones…

Element Name Latin Name Symbol

Sodium Natrium Na

Potassium Kalium K

Iron Ferrum Fe

Copper Cuprum Cu

Silver Argentum Ag

Tin Stannum Sn

Tungsten Wolfram W

Gold Aurum Au

Mercury Hydragyrum Hg

Lead Plumbum Pb