CALLISTOCALLISTO

Double - Heterodyne -Frequency Agile - Radio - Spectrometer

CompoundAstronomicalLow frequencyLow costInstrument forSpectroscopy andTransportableObservatory

IHY workshop Bangalore Nov/Dec 2006Christian Monstein ETH Zürich

DirectoryDirectory• Worldwide distribution, 24h of observation• Usage sites• DiRaC• Instrumental parameters, Specifications• Basic schematic diagram• Double heterodyne receiver RX• Option: Focal plane unit FPU• Overall bandwidth• Overall dynamic range• Overall noise figure• Allan – time, Allan - variance• Maximum sampling speed• Radio interference in Switzerland• First solar radio noise• First results 1, 2, 3, 4• Callisto as a backend for other receivers• Team members• Material costs & production times• Callisto related URL`s

24h solar observations24h solar observations

HumainBelgium

Ooty,India

Mexico

San JoseCosta Rica

Irkutsk,Russia

Green BankWV, USA

Zurich, BleienSwitzerland

Wanted: type II bursts, CME, shock waves, type III bursts etc.

UsageUsage sites 1sites 1

5m antenna Zürich 1 … 8.6 GHz (system tests only) 5m antenna Bleien 45-870 MHz, 1 - 6 GHz

7m antenna Bleien 100 MHz - 4 GHz OLVBI 13m at Green Bank Observatory West Virginia

UsageUsage sites 2sites 2

Jorge Paez San Jose / Costa Rica, 7m dish

Sergey Lesovoi ISZF Irkutsk / Russian Federation

Frederic Clette Station Humain,Royal Observatoryof Belgium

Who`s next?

DiRaC

ETHZFITS

FITS

FITSRHESSI

How does DiRaC workHow does DiRaC work

Di = DistributedRa = RadiospectrometerC = Control

NOAA / GOES

Instrumental parameterInstrumental parameterParameter Specification

Frequency range 45.0MHz … 870.0MHz (in 3 sub-bands)Frequency resolution 62.5KHzRadiometric bandwidth 300KHz/-3dBDynamic range -120dBm … -20dBm (depending on gain control voltage)Sensitivity 25mV/dB +/-1mV/dBNoise figure < 10dBSampling frequency internal clock 800 s/sec max, external clock 1000 s/sec maxNumber of channels 1…500, nominal 200 frequencies per sweepSupply 12V +/- 2V / 225mAWeight ~ 800 gramsDimensions 110mm x 80mm x 205mmMaterial cost < 200$ (material only)Input 3 configration files (config, frequency, scheduler)Output 2 files (FITS-file and logfile)

Basic Basic schematicschematic diagramdiagram

Synthesizer-Tuner

I2C-bus

Down converter37,7MHz→10,7MHz

LogarithmicDetector 2

Integrationunits

(low pass filter)

Data aquisitionUnit

RISC processor

Drivers,Buffers

I2C-interfacing

Control pathSignal pathControl- data link e-Callisto/Host-controller

Standard PC

Optional:calibration

unit

FPU focal plane unit

Optional:FPU

controller+

Power-supply

Callisto-frame

FPU control out

Control+data

PSU Power source

Antenna feed

Two single channel receivers needed for two polarizations.

Rf input

Double Double heterodyneheterodynereceiverreceiver

Twin spectrometer:Callisto QM, FM1…3

Single spectrometer:e-Callisto QM, eC01, eC02, eC03,…?

Overall Overall bandwidthbandwidth at 150.000MHzat 150.000MHz

BW( -3dB) = 299KHz, BW(-10dB) = 378KHz

Overall Overall dynamicdynamic rangerange

Detector = AD8307; dynamic range > 50dB

Overall Overall noisenoise figurefigure

AllanAllan--timetime: : howhow longlong am I am I allowedallowed to to integrateintegrate??

FocalFocal plane plane unitunit FPUFPU

NoiseSource

-3dB

-10dB

A1 Relay-switch SPDTK1...K7

Preamp

ENR=35dB

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

2

1

Rf out-L

A1

A2

Isol

Inp

Left

Right

90°-Hybrid

Main features: + dual feed(circular L and Rno linear)

+ very low noise+ low cost+ 3 point calibration- reduced bandwidth

due to 1 hybrid

Power supply: +15V, +28V, +5V, -15VSurveillance electronics

Peltier cooler/heaterHumidity/thermal sensors

Preamp Rf out-R

2

1

1

2

To

To

K1

K2

K3

K4

K5K6 K7

CalibrationCalibration

T0 applied +22dB ENR applied

+32dB ENR appliedPassage through sun

First solar First solar radioradio noisenoise

5m parabola at Bleien observatorywith linear vertically polarized feed HL-040 from Rohde & Schwarz400MHz…3GHz

Sun is 500mV ~ 10dB‘hotter’ than backgroundlevel.

Radio Radio interferenceinterferenceCallisto at 7m-dish LHCP in Bleien/Switzerland

800

900

1000

1100

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1800

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

MHz

mV

On sunOff sun

First First resultsresults #1#1

First results #2

CallistoCallisto as a backend as a backend forfor otherother receivers (down converters)receivers (down converters)

Callisto as a backend to a commercial S-band LNC2040MHz … 2850MHz

Phoenix-2100MHz … 4GHz

RHESSI

Material Material costscosts & & productionproduction timetime

Very different>200 $Antenna, amplifier,Cables, connectors

~ 2 days>1200 $Spectrometer total

Configuration ~ ½ day~ 1000 $Power supply, PC + Win XP

Production < 1 dayQualification < 1 day

< 200 $Receiver modul

Manufacturing timeMaterial costComponent

Team Team membersmembersDefending NF-budget & requirements Prof. Arnold BenzMechanical design & manufacturing Frieder AebersoldSoftware RISC processor (C) Hansueli MeyerSoftware preprocessing (C++) Christian MonsteinSoftware postprocessing (Pearl, IDL) Christina PöpperSoftware tools (Java) Peter MessmerManufacturing receiver RX Pascal BehmManufacturing receiver control unit RCU Pascal BehmConceptual & hardware design Christian Monstein

CallistoCallisto relatedrelated URL`sURL`shttp://www.astro.phys.ethz.ch/rapp/http://www.astro.phys.ethz.ch/instrument/callisto/callisto_nf.htmlhttp://www.astro.phys.ethz.ch/instrument/callisto/ecallisto/applidocs.htm

ETH ZurichAstronomical InstituteChristian MonsteinScheuchzerstrasse 7CH-8092 ZürichSwitzerlandmonstein@astro.phys.ethz.ch