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8/4/2019 Composting of Agricultural Wastes Under Dry Weather Conditions
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/composting-of-agricultural-wastes-under-dry-weather-conditions 1/16
Waste to resource:
On-site Composting of
Agricultural Wastes Under Dry
Weather ConditionsDr. Shlomo Kimchie, Consultant
PROJECT WADI ATTIR (PWA)
In collaboration with
THE SUSTAINABILITY LABORATORYTM
The 3rd Intl. Conf. onDrylands, Deserts and Desertification
The Route to Restoration
Ben Gurion Univ., Sde Boker Campus, IsraelNov. 8 – 11, 2010
8/4/2019 Composting of Agricultural Wastes Under Dry Weather Conditions
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/composting-of-agricultural-wastes-under-dry-weather-conditions 2/16
General plan of the PWA ComPlant operation:
• Will treat the farm’s organic wastes 1- 3
t/d• Potential ORMs: Animal wastes (with orw/o AD)
• Vegetative / plants’ wastes / residues• Plants’ processing (from industrial
extraction processes) wastes
• Kitchen wastes (separated)• Controlled operation and high quality
products are expected (with low
negative environmental impact).
8/4/2019 Composting of Agricultural Wastes Under Dry Weather Conditions
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The major functions in a composting
plant
8/4/2019 Composting of Agricultural Wastes Under Dry Weather Conditions
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Weather related problems of the
PWA ComPlant:
• Water Shortage Problem
Solutions:
• Reduce evaporation by plastic covering of the
piles (with low water - high air transmittance)
• Use recycled wastewater:
•Piles leachate
• Collected / stored rain drainage
• Liquids from the AD feedstock
8/4/2019 Composting of Agricultural Wastes Under Dry Weather Conditions
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Pile covering with GORE* plastic
sheets
8/4/2019 Composting of Agricultural Wastes Under Dry Weather Conditions
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GORE* Plastic cover
spreading / rolling machine
8/4/2019 Composting of Agricultural Wastes Under Dry Weather Conditions
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Concrete structures for compost
piles turning
8/4/2019 Composting of Agricultural Wastes Under Dry Weather Conditions
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Side view of the PWA compost pile design
8/4/2019 Composting of Agricultural Wastes Under Dry Weather Conditions
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10
'
35
'
6.5'
1: ,
) "(
8/4/2019 Composting of Agricultural Wastes Under Dry Weather Conditions
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/composting-of-agricultural-wastes-under-dry-weather-conditions 10/16
1.5'
6.5'
6.5'
6.5'
2: ) "(
:
:
8/4/2019 Composting of Agricultural Wastes Under Dry Weather Conditions
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/composting-of-agricultural-wastes-under-dry-weather-conditions 11/16
Sealing the bottom of a
leachate reservoir with plastic
sheets
8/4/2019 Composting of Agricultural Wastes Under Dry Weather Conditions
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Fulfillment of Environmental
Demands• The compostation plane is sealed and drained
(to protect underground water and use the leachate)• The fresh piles can be covered with plastic
liner (to prevent odors)
• The temperature is kept high (thermophilic)
for several days (to destroy pathogens)
• Mesophilic maturation temperature will increaseFungi induced bacterial repression.
• Leachate is spread on the compost piles and
dries (to prevent polluting spillage)
8/4/2019 Composting of Agricultural Wastes Under Dry Weather Conditions
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Principles of process design
• Modular design
• The pile can be treated in sections
• Covered
• Irrigated
• Turned• Aerated (passive aeration, active aeration +
Filtration)
• Dried
• Collected
8/4/2019 Composting of Agricultural Wastes Under Dry Weather Conditions
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Process follow-up and controlParameters to be followed in the pile:
• Temperature
• Moisture
• Oxygen• In water extract of maturing samples:
– COD
– Color
– pH
8/4/2019 Composting of Agricultural Wastes Under Dry Weather Conditions
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Product follow-up
• Nutrients content:
– N
– P
– K
• Ion Exchange Capacity
• Dry matter
• Quantity (volume / weight)
8/4/2019 Composting of Agricultural Wastes Under Dry Weather Conditions
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Feasibility Considerations
• Construction cost 35,000 $
• Assumed net profit per 1 m3 of compost
product15 $ / t
• Expected annual profit 5475
$ / y
• PBT
6.4 years