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Composition The Art of Seeing Images. Arrangement of elements Relationship of elements. Part Two Visual Elements. Visual Elements. Typical Visual Elements include: Lines Shapes The Spot. Visual Elements. Line: denotes movement in one direction Horizontal Vertical - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Composition The Art of Seeing Images
• Arrangement of elements
• Relationship of elements
Part TwoVisual Elements
• Typical Visual Elements include:• Lines
• Shapes
• The Spot
Visual Elements
Visual Elements
•Line: denote movement in one direction
•Horizontals•Verticals•Parallel Verticals/Horizontals•Curved or S-shaped lines•Diagonals•Irregulars
Linear elements
• Diagonal lines are dynamic; curved lines are flowing and graceful
– such as roads, waterways, a fence and shadows
• You can often find the right line by moving around and choosing an appropriate angle
– natural lines of the scene lead the viewers' eyes into the picture and toward your main center of interest
Function of Lines
• Lines help the viewer to read the image
• Help viewer to locate key contrasts
• Add visual interest• Guide the viewer
in a certain direction
HORIZONTALS
• Add stability to photo, imply COOL or RESTFUL
Parallel Vert. / Horz. Lines
• Suggest: Symmetry, Order, or Direction
Parallel Vert. / Horz. Lines
Verticals
• Can suggest WARMTH or AGGRESSIVENESS
• Intersection of vertical and horizontal lines create FOCAL POINTS
Verticals
Curved or S-Shaped Lines
• Most Natural appearing, evoke natural rhythms, and feelings of slow, easy movement
Curved or S-Shaped Lines
Diagonals
• Neither warm or cool• Most naturally occur from Lower Left to
Upper Right• Falling Diagonals move Down and Off
picture
Diagonals
Irregular Lines
• Varying size, thickness, shape, & texture
• Provides visual interest
Irregular Lines
SHAPES
• Five basic forms or SHAPES in photography– Squares– Triangles– Circles– Oblongs– Irregular
Squares & Triangles
Squares
Circles & Oblongs
Circles & Oblongs
Circles & Oblongs
Contrast
• more impact
– light subject placed against a dark background and vice versa
– Contrasting colors
Contrast & The Spot• One “spot” that commands the
viewer’s attention• Focal point of contrasting masses
The Spot
Other Compositional Tools
• Lines of Direction– Actual & Psychological– Directs movement of eye through image
• Shape & Form– Shape is flat, two-dimensional– Repeated shapes can form a shape– Form refers to volume, its 3-D
• Depth—Lines of Perspective– Parallel lines converge in distance– Gives sense of depth to photo
Direction of movement
• leave space in front of the subject
– it appears to be moving into, rather than out of, the image
Lines of Direction
Shape & Form
Repeated Shape
Repeated Shape
Form, Shadow, & Light
• Shadows coming towards the viewer implies the “third” dimension
Depth: Lines of Perspective
Depth: Lines of Perspective
Rule of Thirds
• One of the most popular 'rules' in photography and art
– principle taught in fine art, graphic design and photography
• based on the theory that the eye goes naturally to a point about two-thirds up the page
– achieve the informal or asymmetric balance mentioned above
Rule of Thirds
• Imaginary lines are drawn dividing the image into thirds both horizontally and vertically
– important elements placed where these lines intersect
– also arrange areas into bands occupying a third or place things along the imaginary lines
• simple to implement
Rule of Thirds
• The Greeks developed the concept of the “Golden Mean”
• Divide the image into grid of 1/3s
• Place subject at one of intersecting lines
Rule of Thirds or Golden Mean
Some Examples
Some Examples
Some Examples
Rule of Thirds
• Common example is the placement of the horizon line in landscape photography
If the area of interest is land or water
• Horizon line will usually be two-thirds up from the bottom
• To suggest closeness, position the horizon high in your picture
If the sky is the area of emphasis
• Horizon line may be one-third up from the bottom, leaving the sky to occupy the top two-thirds
• To accent spaciousness, keep the horizon low in the picture
Breaking the Rule of Thirds
• Once you have got the hang of the Rule of Thirds
– you will very quickly want to break it
– This is fine
• 'rules' are best used as guidelines
• if you can create a better image by bending or ignoring rules then fire away
Breaking the Rule of Thirds
Framing - Foreground objects
• Add a sense of depth to the picture
– helps establish scale
• use the foreground elements to "frame" your subject
– Overhanging tree branches, a doorway, or an arch can give a picture the depth
– something in the foreground that leads you into the picture or gives you a sense of where the viewer is
Framing - Foreground objects
Framing - Foreground objects
Framing - Foreground objects
Framing
• Don't forget that you can turn cameras sideways
– vertical for tall buildings, waterfalls, or a person
– horizontal for groups of people, cars, and dachshunds
• Switch it around
– Try both horizontal and vertical pictures of the same subject
Framing the Image
• In-camera:– Horizontal– Vertical
Framing the Image
• Out-of-Camera:
Concludes Composition
References:References:•Photography, 7Photography, 7thth Ed. Ed., by London, Upton, Kobre, Brill, by London, Upton, Kobre, Brill
•Photography, 2Photography, 2ndnd Ed. Ed., by Bruce Warren, by Bruce Warren
•Foundations of art & design, 3Foundations of art & design, 3rdrd Ed Ed., by Mark Galer., by Mark Galer
