Chapter 15 Section 1Composition of Matter

MatterAnything that has mass and takes up spaceEx - Basically everything2 types of matter

SubstancesMixture

SubstancesA type of matter that cannot be broken down

into simpler components and maintain the properties of the original substance

It is PURE (has a fixed composition)Ex – helium, aluminum, water, and salt2 types of substances

ElementsCompounds

ElementsA substance with atoms that are all alikeIf it is on the periodic table, it is an elementEx – pencil graphite = carbon

penny coating = copperpure gold = gold

CompoundsSubstance formed from 2 or more elements

in which the exact combination and proportion of elements are always the same

Elements bonded together in an exact wayEx – Water and chalk

MixturesA material made up of 2 or more substances

that can be easily separated by physical means

Ex – Pizza, soda, sand and pebbles, or sand and iron

2 types of mixturesHeterogeneousHomogenous

Homogenous MixturesSolid, liquid, or gas that contains 2 or more

substances blended evenly throughout“Homo” means “same”Ex – Bottled soda or vinegar1 types of homogenous mixture

Solutions

SolutionsHomogenous mixture that remains constantly

and uniformly mixed and has particles that are so small they cannot be seen with a microscope

Solid particles are too small to be seen and do NOT settle out

Ex - Vinegar

Heterogeneous MixturesMixture in which different materials are

unevenly distributed and are easily identified“Hetero” means “different”Ex – Mixed nuts, dry soup mix, concrete, and

some clothing2 types of heterogeneous solutions

SuspensionsColloids

SuspensionsHeterogeneous mixture containing a liquid in

which visible particles settleEx – Muddy water

ColloidsA heterogeneous mixture whose particles

never settle outParticles are larger than those in a solution

but still will not settle outEx – Paint, fog, or smoke

How can you distinguish a colloid from a solution?The Tyndall effect states that a light beam

will be scattered as it passes through a colloid

A light beam is invisible as it passes through a solution