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Components of our Mental Grammar—Review. Building blocks Rules. Components of our Mental Grammar—Review. Words Whole words (free morphemes) Morphemes (bound morphemes) RULES of Morphology Sentences and phrases Words RULES of Syntax Pronunciation - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Components of our Mental Grammar—Review
Building blocks
Rules
Components of our Mental Grammar—Review
Words Whole words (free morphemes)
Morphemes (bound morphemes)
RULES of Morphology
Sentences and phrases Words
RULES of Syntax
Pronunciation Sounds / phones
RULES of Phonology
Dictation
1. Did you eat yet?
2. What did you do yesterday?
3. We should have done it earlier.
4. Give them to me.
5. She’s taller than you.
Ambiguous Phonetic Segmentation 1
grade A gray day
I scream ice cream
I scream, you scream,
we all scream for ice cream.
Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 191.
Historical Change due to faulty segmentation
a napron an apron
a norange an orange
Ambiguous Phonetic Segmentation 2
Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003, 7th edition. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 233.
Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 191.
Saying the same thing
No two people ever say the same word identically.
No one ever says the same word the same way twice.
Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 191.
Phonetics
“The science of phonetics attempts to describe all the sounds used in all languages of the world.”
Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 192.
Sounds
th
tsk tsk
throat clearing
sneeze
Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2003, 7th edition. An Introduction to Language. Boston, MA: Wadsworth, p. 234.
Phonetics
Articulatory Phonetics
Acoustic Phonetics
Auditory Phonetics
Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 192 b.
IPA
See Table 4.1 on p. 193.
Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 193.
George Bernard Shaw Quote
“The English have no respect for their language, and will not teach their children to speak it. They cannot spell it because they have nothing to spell it with but an old foreign alphabet of which only the consonants—and not all of them—have any agreed speech value.”
G. B. Shaw, Preface to Pygmalion.
Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 192.
Pronunciation and Spelling
Spellings
One Many
Sounds
One 1 2 Many 3 4 ?
Different Ways to Spell /i/ (# 2 above)
Did he believe that Caesar could see the
people seize the seas?
The silly amoeba stole the key to the machine.
Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 192.
Different Ways to Pronounce ‘a’(# 3 above)
My father wanted many a village dame badly.
Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 192.
Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 1) 1
First Sound
a. judge [ ʤ ] OR [ ǰ ]b. Thomas [ th ]c. though [ ]d. easy [ i ] OR [ i: ]e. pneumonia [ n ]
First Sound
f. thought [ ]g. contact [ kh ]h. phone [ f ]i. civic [ s ]j. usual [ j ] OR [ ju ]
Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 1) 2
Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 2) 1
Last Sound
a. fleece [ s ]
b. neigh [ e ] OR [ ej ] OR [ ei ]
c. long [ ]d. health [ θ ]
e. watch [ ʧ ] OR [ č ]
Last Sound
f. cow [ a ] OR [ aw ]
g. rough [ f ]
h. cheese [ z ]
i. bleached [ t ]
j. rags [ z ]
Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 2) 2
Error Correctiona. [ cm ] [ khm ] b. [ sed ] [ sd ] c. [ thlk ] [thk ] OR [thak ] d. [ and ] [ nd ] e. [ wx ] [ wks ] f. [khbgz ] [ khbdz ] g. [ s ] [ z ] h. [ wr ] [ wr ]
Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 4)
Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 5) 1
a. heat f. scream
b. stroke g. fruit
c. phase, faze h. preacher
d. tone i. crock, croc
e. bony
Chapter on Phonetics Homework (Ex 5) 2
j. box o. parliamentariank. thanks p. Quebecl. Wednesday q. pizzam. crawled ? r. Barack Obaman. conscientious s. John McCain
t. 2008 (or words)