Contents

- Introduction - Prior Knowledge Resources: - What are resources? Natural Resources: - What are natural resources? - How are people destroy Natural Resources? - G.O (Graphic Organizer) Natural Resources Water: - How do people use water resources? - G.O (Graphic Organizer) Water - Contaminated Rivers and oceans - Distribution of Earth’s Water - News - How to save water - Important Facts - Good uses Bad uses - Videos

Hi! My name is Laura Diaz. I’m a fifth grade student. I was

born on March 25th of 2,000. I live in Cali and I am 12 years

old, I like to watch TV, eat pizza, chat with my friends, and be

with my family. I have 2 older brothers. In this booklet I’m

going to show you what are natural resources how people use

them, important facts, etc… This booklet is a project but I

think that is very important that everyone can know about

natural resources so we can protect our planet. In this booklet

you will know everything of Natural Resources, types,

definition of the types (what is), etc… you are going to know

how people use the water resource.

I hope you like it!!

Welcome!!!

They have types:

renewable, and

nonrenewable. Natural resources

are materials

found Earth

Th

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arth

pro

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es

reso

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es.

Natural resources

came from nature

In water you

can find

minerals and

vitamins. Wa

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so

il

an

d la

nd a

re

rela

ted to

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reso

urc

es.

So

me

reso

urc

es c

an

be

cycle

d o

ve

r an

d

ove

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So

me

Na

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Reso

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What is a resource?

Resources are things that can be used or have value. Like we have

natural resources of water, wind, oil, gas, etc. As resources are

very useful, we attach some information value to them. Resources

help to produce goods so they have economic value. On the other

hand, resources have an ethical value as well because it is our

moral duty to protect and conserve them for the future generations.

Resources have three main characteristics: utility, quantity (often in

terms of availability), and use in producing other resources.

http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20081031000526AAgZqID

Natural Resources What is a Natural Resource?

A Natural Resource are things that occur naturally. A natural resource is not manmade and is

already on Earth.

Examples of Natural Resources:

Oil, timber and water as well as a variety of minerals, metals and ores like salt, coal and metals

like gold, iron and aluminum. Natural Resources are all the living things. Natural Resources

have two types of resources that are Non-Renewable Resources and Renewable Resources.

RENEWABLE RESOURCES

Definition: Things that replaced quickly.

EXAMPLES:

- Solar energy is considered a renewable source of energy because the sun's energy is

continuous. (Note that the rest of this list is all forms of solar power.)

- Wind Power - Water Power (Hydro-electricity from dammed rivers, tidal streams and ocean waves)

- Thermal Power from the earth (Geothermal: Using the earth's heat to generate electricity) - Thermal Power from the ocean

- Biomass, the burning of plant material, is a renewable resource. Even though the burning puts carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, it also prevents a much greater amount of methane being

released by the decomposing vegetation, so it is rated as positive. - Trees are renewable because we replant them

NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES

Definition: Non-Renewable Resources are things that do not replaced quickly.

Examples of Non-Renewable Resources

Oil is a good example of a non-renewable resource. It is used to make gasoline and other fuels,

as well as plastics, such as grocery bags. We are using billions of gallons of oil every year, but it takes millions of years to be replace.

Coal is non-renewable. Peat is non-renewable.

Uranium is non-renewable.

http://www.woodlands-

junior.kent.sch.uk/customs/questions/

resources.html

The simplest way to destroy the environment is one that many seem to employ. Some may not be doing this intentionally, others mean to do so. The easiest way to destroy the environment is to do nothing. Yes – inactivity, apathy, and general avoidance are the best ways to destroy the environment. Here are some other sure fire ways to contribute to the wrong side of conservation: 1. Drive the most fuel-inefficient vehicle possible, even when only traveling somewhere you could walk. In addition, drive as fast as you can, punching the gas whenever possible. Keep your tires underinflated and forget about regular maintenance. 2. Use "styrofoam", plastic, and any non-biodegradable material that you can find. 3. Instead of regular kitchenware and plates, use plastic silverware, paper plates, and napkins. You can kid yourself easily by saying you are saving money on your water bill. 4. Speaking of water, let the shower run for at least 15 minutes before you even get into it in the morning. This way, the water will be nice and steamy. While you are in there, take your time. 5. Leave the water running while you brush your teeth. 6. Ask the grocery clerk to put paper bags inside of doubled plastic bags for all of your purchases. In addition, ask them to make each bag as light as possible by putting very few items in so that you get extra bags. 7. Throw all of your recyclables in trash that does not get recycled. When you are done with clothing and shoes, throw them away also as opposed to giving them to a charity.

http://www.theaustralian.com.au/higher-education/appointments/how-were-destroying-our-habitat/story-e6frgckf-

1111114868193

Natural Resources (G.O)

Resources Food, air, water, and shelter, the earth

provides resources for all this things.

Natural Resources

Resources

Things that came from nature

for example: water, air and land.

Renewable Resources

Differences Nonrenewable Resources

Things that can be replaced

quickly

Air, water and soil They replaced quickly

Renewable Resources

Nonrenewable Resources

They do not replaced quickly.

Similiraties

Renewable and nonrenewable resources are being used every day. Both these resources help us with everyday life, although some are better for the economy than others. They are both sources of Energy.

Things that not replaced quickly

Diamonds, gold, silver, etc

How do people use water resources?

People use water resources in many different ways; some people use them in agricultural,

industrial, environmental, recreational and household.

AGRICULTURAL:

Aquaculture is a small but growing agricultural use of water. It is estimated that 69% of

worldwide water use is for irrigation. In some areas of the world irrigation is necessary to grow

any crop at all.

INDUSTRIAL:

Major industrial users include power plants, which use water for cooling or as a power source

(i.e. hydroelectric plants). It is estimated that 15% of worldwide water use is industrial.

RECREATION:

Recreational water use is usually a very small but growing percentage of total water use.

Recreational usage may reduce the availability of water for other users at specific times and

places.

ENVIRONMENTAL:

Explicit environmental water use is also a very small but growing percentage of total water use.

Environmental water usage includes artificial wetlands, artificial lakes intended to create wildlife

habitat, etc.

HOUSEHOLD:

It is estimated that 15% of worldwide water use is for household purposes. These

include drinking water, bathing, cooking, sanitation, and gardening.

http://campus.colegiobennett.edu.co/course/view.php?id=30

NEWS

Contaminated Rivers Here are some rivers that had been contaminated:

Buriganga River, Bangladesh Buringanga is the main river flowing besides the capital of Bangladesh, awfully polluted with sewage waste (about 80% is untreated and gets directly to the river). Marilao River, Philippines Marilao river got the list of the dirtiest rivers after the Greenpeace inspection in 2007. Pollution mainly comes from tanneries, textiles and electronics recycling industries operating close the river. Songhua River Songhua is the river in the Northeast China that was contaminated with benzene in November 2005, whish lead to a shutdown of Harbin’s water supply and threats of a Russian lawsuit against China. Pasig River, Phillipines The Pasig has been a biologically dead river for almost 20 years. Being the center of commerce, it became a victim of urban pollution, its canal served as sewerage for the domestic and industrial wastes from factories and slum communities that sprouted on its riverbanks.

Marilao River is on the list of the dirtiest rivers after Greenpeace.

Greenpeace River

http://www.dirjournal.com/info/the-dirtiest-rivers-in-the-world/

NEWS

Contaminated Oceans

How are cars polluting oceans?

When cars get driven the smoke that is coming out from the back of the car ends up being in

acid rain, Acid rain is pollution mixed with regular rain, and when acid rain gets into the ocean, it

pollutes the water and kill many fish over a period.

How is agriculture polluting the oceans?

Chemical pesticides, chemical substances used to kill animals or insects, and fertilizers,

chemical or natural substances put on land make crops grow better, are another source of

pollution. When it rains the pesticides and fertilizers get taken off the plants and end up in our

oceans, killing ocean plants and animals.

The Ocean Zones

From the shiny, clear sunlight zone to the dark, murky midnight zone, lie facts about the tree

different zones of ocean. Even though the very bottom zone is about 90% of the ocean, more

than 90% of ocean’s sea life lives in the top zone, which is why it is very important that we do

not pollute our oceans.

One problem caused by pollution that occurs in the midnight zone is called anoxic water. This

means that there is no or hardily any dissolved oxygen in the water. When there is no dissolved

oxygen, fish and other creatures can’t breathe, and they will quickly die from a lack of oxygen.

Some of the creatures that live at this depth might die or migrate to other parts of the ocean. If

they do migrate, there is a possibility that there could become a problem in the food chain.

http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0215471/ocean_pollution.htm

Distribution of Earth’s water

http://www.google.com.co/imgres?q=distribution+of+water&hl=es&gbv=2&biw=1920&bih=937&tbm=isch&tbnid=9hNw

E5qa8d3sRM:&imgrefurl=http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/earthwherewater.html&docid=Drli39yvFR-

k1M&imgurl=http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/graphics/earth-water-

distribution.png&w=728&h=467&ei=h5BFT5idH4bi0QHF-

ITqAw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=373&vpy=156&dur=1511&hovh=180&hovw=280&tx=200&ty=133&sig=111945158221480

165270&page=1&tbnh=120&tbnw=187&start=0&ndsp=46&ved=0CEEQrQMwAQ

NEWS

NEWS

How to save Water?

Install a low-flow showerhead to reduce your shower water by 20 to 60 percent.

Turn off the tap while brushing your teeth. Fill the basin or washing or shaving.

Wash fruits and vegetables in a bowl, and fill your sink to wash and rinse dishes, instead of

running the water.

Sweep, rather that spraying down, your driveway and sidewalk.

Use rain barrel to collect water from your roof’s downspout to irrigate your garden.

Check your pipes and water equipment for lakes, which can waste thousands of gallons of

water a year.

When washing dishes by hand, don’t let the water run while rinsing. Fill one sink with wash

water and other with rinse water.

Adjust sprinklers so only your lawn is watered and not the house, sidewalk, or street.

Use the garbage disposal sparingly. Compost vegetable food waste instead and save gallons

every time.

http://www.wateruseitwisely.com/100-ways-to-

conserve/index.php

Remember…

Good uses Bad uses

http://www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&hl=en&source=hp&biw=1097&bih=490&q=good+uses+and+bad+uses+of+water&gbv=

2&oq=good+uses+and+bad+uses+of+water&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&gs_l=img.3...1877l15253l0l15837l31l31l0l21l1l0l116l1086l0j10l10l0

.frgbld.#hl=en&gbv=2&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=water+good+uses+and+bad+uses&oq=water+good+uses+and+bad+uses&aq=f&aqi=&a

ql=&gs_l=img.3...9488l11578l6l11737l13l13l0l13l0l0l0l0ll0l0.frgbld.&pbx=1&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.,cf.osb&fp=c707f42a92fe

9c0d&biw=1097&bih=490

http://www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&hl=en&source=hp&biw=1097&bih=490&q=good+uses+and+bad+uses+of+water&gb

v=2&oq=good+uses+and+bad+uses+of+water&aq=f&aqi=&aql=&gs_l=img.3...1877l15253l0l15837l31l31l0l21l1l0l116l1086l0j10l

10l0.frgbld.#hl=en&gbv=2&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=water++posters&oq=water++posters&aq=f&aqi=g3g-m6g-

mS1&aql=&gs_l=img.3..0l3j0i5l6j0i5i24.748560l751084l0l751902l9l9l0l0l0l0l240l1531l0j7j2l9l0.frgbld.&pbx=1&bav=on.2,or.r_gc

.r_pw.r_qf.,cf.osb&fp=c707f42a92fe9c0d&biw=1097&bih=490

propossal

Videos

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=369bBTgbSqo

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PYeC_c23DpE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T1w6C0dY_jo&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D08JABX2c5c

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_rETgnq9K7Q&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oCmTY_Wr-k0

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QUqlBasXqAI&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i68cEltKclk&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rovIiziq6nY&feature=related

Contents

INTRODUCTION PRIOR KNOWLEDGE SOIL AND DIRT WHERE DID SOIL COME FROM? HOW IS FORMED? WHY DO WE NEED SOIL? WHY DO WE NEED SOIL? TYPES OF SOIL WHAT IS SOIL HORIZONS? WHAT IS A PED AND THEIR TYPES? USES OF SOIL WHY DO PLANTS GROW BETTER IN SOIL THAT IN SAND? CAN WE LOSE SOIL? WHAT IS SOIL FOOD WEB? WHAT IS THE SOIL PERCENTAGE? SOIL DISTRIBUTION

SOIL CONSERVATION HOW TO CONSERVE SOIL? NEWS POSTERS GOOD USES BAD USES BIBLIOGRAPHY

Hi! My name is Laura Diaz. I’m a fifth grade student. I was

born on March 25th of 2,000. I live in Cali and I am 12

years. I like to watch TV, eat pizza, chat with my friends,

and be with my family, I have 2 older brothers, and in

this II part of my virtual booklet I’m going to show you

what are soil resources how people use them,

important facts, etc… This booklet is a project but I

think that is very important that everyone can know

about soil resources so we can protect it. In this

booklet you will know everything of Soil Resources,

types, definition of the types (what is), etc… you are

going to know how people use the soil resource.

I hope you like it!!

Welcome!!!

MY PRIOR KNOWLEDGE…

People are not using

correctly the soil

resources they are

contaminating it.

People aren’t learned to take care of

natural Resources, they affect them

by throwing trash to the ground,

burning forest, putting poison

fertilizers on the ground, etc.

There are many imortant

types of soil resources that

made part of them.

Soil :

Dictionary definition:

The substance that plants, trees, etc, grow in earth.

Internet definition:

The unconsolidated mineral or organic on the immediate surface

of the earth that serves as a natural medium of the grow of the

land plants.

Dirt:

Dictionary definition:

A substance that is not clean, such as dust or mud.

Internet definition:

A filthy or soiling substance, such as mud or dust.

Most soils were originally created through the breaking down of

the solid rock which, at one time, formed the earth. Soil begins as

rock and then gets broken and weathered into smaller and

smaller pieces until it is fine enough to become sand and dust.

Eventually, water and nutrients turn the sand and dust into soil

and animals and plants fertilize it. At the end of the nineteenth

century, Dokuchaev working in Russia, showed that soils do not

form by chance. Instead they are formed by the interplay of five

factors:

Time

Topography

Biology

Climate

Parent Material

There are four basic “ingredients” that go into the “recipe” for

making soil: tiny pieces of rock, decayed plants and animals, water,

and air.

When small pieces of rock break off larger ones, they form the

basis of all soil. This breaking can occur in several ways: through

the action of glaciers pushing rocks along the ground and

grinding them against other rocks; through the action of

chemicals in water eating away at rocks; through changes in

temperature causing water to freeze in rocks and crack them

open; through the force of wind throwing sand and pebbles

against rocks; and through the movement of plant roots splitting

rocks apart. This rocky, ground-up material is called the parent

material of the soil.

When a plant or animal dies, its remains are attacked by bacteria

which decompose, or break them down. This decaying matter

combines with the parent material and provides the soil with many

nutrients to help new plants grow.

Water and air fill in the spaces between the ground-up rock and

decaying matter to provide places for tiny insects to live and for

plant roots to grow.

We need soil because from soil life attains certain elements and

compounds necessary to maintain, expand, and produce more life

(aka vitamins and minerals)...soil is just broken up earth, soil

maintains life by allowing plants and microorganisms to flourish

within it, thus supporting other life forms...it provides a place to

anchor things of our livelihood, and allows us to grow crops

and stuff...you can’t grow corn on rock, you know. All life needs

soil because it is a vital part of the ecosystem. Without soil,

plants could not grow and all animals that eat plants, including

humans, would not have anything to eat.

Chalky Soil Sometimes called basic soils, they are always very alkaline. Chalk is a solid, soft rock which breaks down easily. It is very free draining, and chalky soils hold little water and dry out easily. Chalky soils are fertile, but many of the nutrients are not available to plants because of the high alkalinity of the soil, which prevents the absorption of iron by plant roots. Clay Soil The clay forms a heavy mass which makes it difficult for air, water and plant roots to move through the soil when wet. Once dry they form rock-hard clots. Blue or grey clays have poor aeration and must be loosened in order to support healthy growth. Red colour in clay soil indicates good aeration and a "loose" soil that drains well. Plants can take advantage of the high level of nutrients if drainage is adequate. Loam Soil Considered to be the perfect soil, a mix of 40 % sand,, 40% silt and 20% clay. Due to mix variations loam can range from easily workable fertile soils full of organic matter, to densely packed sod. Characteristically they drain well, yet retain moisture and are nutrient rich, making them ideal for cultivation. Peat Soil Provided they are not too acid and have effective sub drainage, these are rich in plant foods. Converting existing soil into a peat type soil is achieved by adding large amounts of organic matter. You must avoid making your soil too acid though, and careful choice of organic matter is needed. Sandy Soils Sandy soils generally have a fine grained texture. They retain very little in the way of water, fertilizers or nutrients which means they are extremely poor. Prone to over-draining and summer dehydration, and in wet weather can have problems retaining moisture and nutrients and can only be revitalized by the addition of organic matter. Sandy soils are light and easy to dig, hoe and weed. Silty Soil Silty soil is considered to be among the most fertile of soils. Silt is often found in river estauries, because the fine particles are washed downstream and deposited when the water flows more slowly. It is also soft and smooth, with individual pieces close together. It too holds a lot of water, but the slightly larger particles make it a little better at draining than clay.

Soils develop into layers. These layers, called horizons, are

usually seen along road cuts and other areas where the soil is

exposed. In the hypothetical situation, there are four horizons in a

soil profile. The thickness of each varies with location, and under

disturbed conditions -- heavy agriculture, building sites, or severe

erosion, for example -- not all horizons will be present.

O = Organic. It consists of fragments of leaf litter, twigs, roots,

and other organic material lying on the surface of the soil. This

layer is not present in cultivated fields.

A = Topsoil. It is usually darker than lower layers, loose, and

crumbly with varying amounts of organic matter. This is generally

the most productive layer of soil.

B = Subsoil. It is usually light colored, dense, and low in organic

matter.

C = Parent Material. The unconsolidated organic and mineral

material in which soil forms..

R = Bedrock. The solid

Ped: A unit or 'chunk' of soil made up of individual particles of sand, silt, clay, and

some organic material that stick together into a specific structure.

1. Granule Soil

Granule soil peds look like cookie crumbs. These peds have a round or spherical shape that can resemble BB gun pellets. The diameter of a granule ped ranges from less than .039 inches to roughly 0.39 inches (1 to 10 mm) wide, according to the University of Missouri. Granule soil peds can easily be separated, although the outer surfaces don't fit together easily, unlike pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. They're packed loosely and usually found in surface horizons that contain organic matter, such as areas where there are earthworms and grassland vegetation.

Platy Soil

Platy soil peds, which are larger than granule peds, are rather thin soil plates that lie horizontally. These peds are roughly 0.39 inches (10 mm), notes the University of Missouri. Platy peds are so named because they resembled stacked plates. They're known to occur in surface horizons as products of soil development.

Blocky Soil

Blocky soil peds, which usually are found in the subsoil, have somewhat of a cube shape with their dimensions having equal lengths. This type of soil ped has a larger diameter than a granule soil ped, as it ranges from less than 0.2 inches to more than 2.0 inches (5 to 50 mm) wide. Instead of being formed individually, blocky peds form their shape from their adjacent peds. Angular blocky soil peds have distinct, sharp edges and rectangular faces. Subangular blocky peds have most of their edges sharp rather than rounded.

Columnar, Prismatic and Single Grained Soil

Columnar peds are vertical columns of soil. These soil peds have a salt cap on their tops. This type of soil is typically found in arid climates, says Prismatic peds, which are vertical soil columns, are found in lower horizons. They have a length longer than their width, which can be several centimeters long. Single grained peds are broken up into

solitary particles that don't bind together. This type of soil ped has a loose consistency and generally found in sandy soils.

1. Agriculture o Plant growth is a primary use of soil. It contains the necessary nutrients

and retains water. Its pH is a major factor in how effective soil is for growing plants. The desired range is between 6.0 and 6.5. Fertile soil allows plants to receive the proper chemical reactions in order to stimulate growth. Soil's ability to accommodate a plant's root system is also important for the growth of a plant.

Construction

o Soil is a significant part of the construction industry. It is used as a foundation for homes and buildings. Construction professionals use a process called soil compaction to increase the density of the soil and ensure its stability. Compacting the soil also prevents soil settlement and reduces water seepage. Soil scientists often measure the strength of soil before a construction project to determine how easily the soil changes shape and whether it is capable of maintaining under the weight of a building. Working on the wrong type of soil may lead to cracks in the foundation, leaks and floods.

Ceramics

o Clay soil is used to create pottery and ceramics. When combined with water, it turns into a thick substance used for sculpting. Once the substance dries, it retains its shape. Individuals can create cups, bowels, sculptures and plates.

Soil Grows Better Plants

Soil holds nutrients that plants need a lot better than sand or clay. Clay is hard, so it makes it harder for roots of plants to grow down to reach the water or nutrients under it.

Soil has millions of pores which hold and store nutrients, water, and oxygen so it

can distribute it throughout out the plant. Sand has too much ventilation which will

no be able to hold anything well.

I would add that the contents of the “soil” depend on the plant being grown. Some

plants need more or less sand, more or less clay, and more or less organic material.

It all depends on the plant being grown. The water from the soil will give off nutrients

to the plants so they will grow nicely.

Some plants grow better in sand then in soil like Cakile maritima and PIGFACE.

Yes, it “erodes” when it isn’t any supporting point.

Is the community of organism living all or part of their lives in the soil. It described a

complex living system in the soil and how it interacts with the environment, plants,

and animals.

Soil percentage is the amount of different elements within the soil.

Cation Exchange Capacity

The CEC is the ability of the soil to hold cations. The higher the

CEC value of the soil, the greater its capacity to hold nutrients in

the form of cations. The soil percentage also takes into account

whether the soil is primarily clay or sand; clay contains negative

ions, which attracts cations, and sand is devoid of negative ions

and will not attract cations in the form of nutrients.

Percentage Saturation

Percent saturation is measured in two ways. The “percent nutrient

saturation” is the percentage of the soil's cations that are made up

of specific nutrients, such as potassium or magnesium cations, and

the “percent base saturation” is the sum total of all the cations

combined. This data is useful for determining of the nutritional

value of the soil to plants and can help in choosing proper

fertilizer; for instance, if the soil is deficient in a particular

nutrient, the right fertilizer can correct the problem.

Precision Radon & Thoron Instrument Test Water, Soil, Air

Soil pH Level

The acidity of the soil is measured in pH levels. Acid in the soil is

conducive to the chemical exchange between the positively

charged cation and the negatively charged ion. Therefore the

lower the pH level the better the plants will grow. The pH level is

measured on a scale from 0 to 14; the pH scale increases in acidity

in descending order, so the lower your PH level the higher the soil

acidity. The pH level increases by 10 for each whole number; the

acid content for a pH level of 5.00 is 10 times higher than a pH

level of 6.00, but 100 times higher than the PH level of 7.00.

Type of Mineral Particle Size Range

Sand

Silt

Clay

2.0 - 0.06 millimeters

0.06 - 0.002 millimeters

less than 0.002 millimeters

Soil conservation is the best way to make sure that we have the

land we need to live on or, in my case, live in. If you see your soil

eroding, protect it with grass or plants. If you see something

that's making the soil sick, do everything you can to make the soil

healthy again. If you live on a farm, make sure that the soil on your

fields and pastures stays right where it is right now! Call my pals

at the Natural Resources Conservation Service. They'll tell you

all you need to know to get things going and growing!

Instructions 1. o 1

Conserve soil and fight erosion problems by planting more aggressively. The roots of shrubs can help to prevent excess storm water from stealing your soil. Leafy plants can also be used to break the force of falling raindrops, preserving your soil.

o 2 Maintain portions of unplowed land between gardens and fields of crops. A patch of rough, grassy land can help to stop erosion caused by draining storm water.

o 3 Grant your livestock plenty of space in which to graze. When herds of grazing animals are allowed to strip the land to the soil, they leave it exposed to the elements. This can make it easier for wind and rain to rob your land of precious soil.

o 4 Grow plants that are indigenous to the region whenever possible. Native plants will have millions of years of evolution on their side to help conserve soil. If you must plant non-native species, use indigenous plants to form a natural border for your crop.

o 5 Use natural materials to form barricades to fight storm water. Instead of constructing artificial borders with concrete, consider using logs or groupings of large stones. Natural resources are more effective and cheaper to install.

o 6 Construct a natural windbreak to line the perimeter of a farm field. Also known as shelter belts, windbreaks can prevent gusts of wind from disrupting the soil when a crop has been recently planted. These can be especially effective in windy, storm-prone areas in the Midwest.

o 7 Water soil along with plants. During dry months, it's important to take steps to keep your soil moist. Use piles of damp mulch to nourish dry topsoil and to keep it from being blown away.

o 8 Conserve your soil between crop rotations by planting cover crops. In addition to fighting erosion, a cover crop will help to lock nutrients in the soil and fight outbreaks of weeds. Cover crops can also retain soil's moisture during winter by catching falling snow.

Read more: How to Conserve Soil | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/how_2163916_conserve-soil.html#ixzz1oryjBHks

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LSRmFSKBypI

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DK8PvnF4isA

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mJWM8xc-3i4&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BXGqJbFZzCo&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4iZx1YXDg7Y

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-jOcEMnTbc&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YQhyMsisRD8

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tnO8a_NMUoo&feature=related

Where did soil come from?

http://web.bethere.co.uk/fm/soil/formed/f0101.htm http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20111213122229AAx74XH http://www.macaulay.ac.uk/soilquality/soil_beneath_feet.pdf

How is formed?

http://www.bigsiteofamazingfacts.com/how-is-soil-formed

Why do we need soil?

http://answers.ask.com/Science/Other/why_do_we_need_soil http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080602205457AAtyIQw.

Types of soil

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/different-types-of-soil.html

What is Soil Horizons?

http://www.mo15.nrcs.usda.gov/features/wissoil/sld005.htm

What is a ped and their types?

What Are the Types of Soil Peds? | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/list_7731537_types-soil-

peds.html#ixzz1oAZpWhzu

Uses of soil

Uses for Soil | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/list_7595966_uses-soil.html#ixzz1o6Myb6pj

Why do plants grow better in soil that In sand?

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_do_plants_grow_better_in_soil_than_sand#ixzz1o68

MCgWT

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_is_growing_plants_in_soil_better#ixzz1o68xzSmi

Can we lose soil?

Pictures taken from: www.google.com and info from: http://es.ask.com/?o=312&l=dir

What is soil food web?

http://www.soilfoodweb.com/sfi_approach1.html#Steps

What is the soil percentage?

http://www.ehow.com/info_12080295_soilpercentage.html#ixzz1oAdWXQLA

Pictures taken from: http://www.google.com.co/search?pq=types+of+soil&hl=es&gs_nf=1&cp=11&gs_id=1a&xhr=t&q=soil+distribution&biw=1920&bih=895&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.,cf.osb&um=1&ie=UTF-8&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=kqRTT-WAPIL4gAeQ5_TzDQ

Soil conservation

Info taken from: http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/newsroom/features/?&cid=nrcs143_021978 Pictures taken from: http://www.google.com.co/search?tbm=isch&hl=es&source=hp&biw=1920&bih=895&q=soil+distribution&gbv=2&oq=soil+distribution&aq=f&aqi=g-L1&aql=&gs_sm=3&gs_upl=1859l9740l0l10551l19l19l1l10l10l0l203l828l0.5.1l6l0&gs_l=img.3..0i19.1859l9740l0l10551l19l19l1l10l10l0l203l828l0j5j1l6l0

Soil distribution:

http://www.google.com.co/search?pq=types+of+soil&hl=es&gs_nf=1&cp=11&gs_id=1a&xhr=t&q

=soil+distribution&biw=1920&bih=895&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.,cf.osb&um=1&ie=UTF-

8&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=kqRTT-WAPIL4gAeQ5_TzDQ

How to conserve soil?

How to Conserve Soil | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/how_2163916_conserve-

soil.html#ixzz1oryjBHks

Posters

http://www.google.com.co/search?hl=es&sugexp=frgbld&gs_nf=1&cp=12&gs_id=1b&xhr=t&q=so

il&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.,cf.osb&biw=1536&bih=716&um=1&ie=UTF-

8&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=c5ZuT4-

XJufq0gHqoYjkBg#um=1&hl=es&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=soil+poster&oq=soil+poster&aq=f&aqi=g-

L1&aql=&gs_l=img.3..0i19.1551l2731l0l3498l7l7l0l3l3l1l289l888l0j2j2l4l0.frgbld.&pbx=1&bav=on.

2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.,cf.osb&fp=2d1777d870ca67c9&biw=1536&bih=716

http://www.google.com.co/search?hl=es&sugexp=frgbld&gs_nf=1&cp=12&gs_id=1b&xhr=t&q=so

il&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.,cf.osb&biw=1536&bih=716&um=1&ie=UTF-

8&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=c5ZuT4-

XJufq0gHqoYjkBg#um=1&hl=es&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=soil+poster&oq=soil+poster&aq=f&aqi=g-

* My Introduction

* Prior Knowledge

* What’s energy?

* Types of energy (renewable and non-renewable)

* Eolic energy (definition, examples in Colombia)

* Hydroelectrical energy (definition and examples in Colombia)

* Energy distribution

* Why should we conserve energy?

* Good uses and bad uses

* News

* Posters

* Videos

Hi! My name is Laura Diaz. I’m a fifth grade student. I was born on March

25th of 2,000. I live in Cali and I am 12 years. I like to watch TV, eat pizza,

chat with my friends, and be with my family, I have 2 older brothers, and in

this IV part of my virtual booklet I’m going to show you what are energy

resources. This booklet is a project but I think that is very important that

everyone can know about energy resources so we can protect it. In this

booklet you will know everything of Energy Resources, types, definition of

the types (what is), etc…

I hope you like it!!!

WELCOME!!!

Energy

resources do

not produce

energy in any of

their forms. Renewable energy

are the ones that

we can use it

without diminishing

the resource.

Non-renewable energy

cannot be replaced,

that means that once

we use it we cannot use

it again.

Do you

know what is

energy in

social studies

term?

Energy resources

are not used for

energy

production, in

any of their form.

I don’t

remember… Do

you remember if

energy is to

cook?

RENEWABLE ENERGY:

Renewable energy sources, also known as natural sources of energy, are those which it

is possible to use without diminishing the resource.

Hydropower

Hydropower is one of most established true renewable energy source. This is the

utilization of the potential energy caused by a height different in two levels of

electricity.

Biomass

Biomass power is where organic materials are utilized to generate power. This is

probably the oldest renewable energy

Wind Power

Wind power depends on utilizing the wind to generate electricity or carry out some

other activity (such as pumping water). As with many other renewable energy sources

it has a history going back quite centuries.

Tidal

Tidal energy is a natural source of energy which utilizes the power of the tides. Tides are

caused by the gravitational pull of the moon, and to a lesser extent the sun upon the

earth's oceans. The tidal motions follow a cyclical pattern, and so unlike other forms of

renewable energy such as wind and waves it is possible to predict with great accuracy

the power output of a tidal energy device well in advance of it being placed within

the water, which is a great bonus.

Geothermal

Geothermal are renewable energy sources which utilize the heat within the earth to

create either a source of renewable heat or renewable electricity.

Solar electric

Solar electric relies on the power of the sun to generate renewable electricity through

a variety of mediums. There are a series of ways of converting a solar energy resource

into renewable electricity including photovoltaics (PV), solar chimneys and

concentrated solar power. http://bristolboy.hubpages.com/hub/Renewable-Energy-Natural-Sources-of-Energy

NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY:

Non-renewable energy sources cannot be replaced in our lifetime, or that of our children or

even our childrens’ children. Once these energy sources have been used up that’s it, they

are gone forever.

PETROLEUM

Petroleum is extracted and turned into a variety of fuel sources including petrol or gasoline,

diesel, propane, jet fuel, heating oil and paraffin wax. Also known as crude oil, this fuel

source is nonrenewable. Petroleum is made when organic matter settles in water that has

lost its dissolved oxygen and is then compressed under immense heat and pressure for

millions of years.

COAL

Coal is also composed of organic matter --- matter that decomposed in peat bogs, which

then formed into carbon rock under immense pressure. Coal is generally highly combustible

and the world's most-used resource for electrical generation. However, burning coal releases

massive amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which is the primary factor in the

greenhouse effect. In addition to being greenhouse gas source, coal cannot be

reproduced.

NATURAL GAS

Also a byproduct of decomposition, natural gas is mostly methane created as organic

matter decays. Once extracted, natural gas is processed to remove everything but the

methane, it is a nonrenewable energy source because it is a byproduct of thousands of

years of decomposition within the earth's crust.

NUCLEAR POWER

Nuclear energy may get mentioned in the same breath with renewable power sources like

wind and solar because it is clean-burning and therefore more environmentally sound than

oil or coal. But nuclear energy is, in fact, a nonrenewable resource. The problem lies in the

element that enables nuclear power: uranium. The element uranium is abundant, but only a

certain type of uranium, U-235, is used to fuel nuclear power. U-235 must be extracted from

mined and processed uranium. The processing produces only small amounts of U-235,

making it rare and expensive. Man cannot reproduce this element; we have a limited

natural supply.

http://www.suntrek.org/earth-beyond/earths-energy-resources/non-renewable-

energy-source.shtml

Definition:

Eolic energy is wind energy. The definition of wind energy is: energy obtained from

turbine engines powered by wind.

EXAMPLES IN COLOMBIA:

- Colombia has only a wind turbines generating capacity of 20 MW in a wind farm of

the company Jepirachi EPM.

- As of 2010, the only wind farm operating in Colombia is located in La Guajira

province, a region in the north-east of the country. This onshore wind farm has fifteen

units of 1.3 MW each for a total nominal power of 19.5 MW. This farm, the first one built

in Colombia, was commissioned in 2004 and it is connected to the national grid by a

110 kV transmission line.

- According to the report, the wind regime in Colombia has been ranked among the

best in South America. Coastal regions of the northern part of the country have been

classified as class seven winds (winds over nine meters per second (m / s) at a height

of 50 meters).

- Colombia only has an installed capacity of 19.5 MW of wind energy (Jepirachi wind

farm with 15 wind turbines inaugurated in 2003 and built with World Bank support), with

some other wind farms projects under consideration, including a wind farm Ipapure

200 MW.

http://www.evwind.es/noticias.php?id_not=7256

Definition:

Hydroelectric energy is a renewable energy source using the hydrologic cycle of

water, which involves evaporation and the flow of water due to gravity.

Accessing this energy from flowing waters can produce low-cost electricity. Today, this

is the largest form of renewable energy in the world.

Hydroelectric Plants in Colombia http://www.industcards.com/hydro-colombia.htm

Alto Anchicaya

Location: Valle de Cauca

Operator: Empresa de Energia del Pacifico SA (EPSA)

Configuration: 2 X 125 MW, 1 X 115 MW Francis

Operation: 1973

T/G supplier: Canadian General Electric

EPC: ICA

Quick facts: This dam 85km west of Cali is in Los Farallones de

Cali national park. In Nov 2000, Union Fenosa took over

operational control of EPSA.

Las Playas

Location: Antioquia

Operator: Empresas Publicas de Medellin ESP

Configuration: 3 X 68 MW Francis

Operation: 1988

T/G supplier: Voest, Koncar

EPC: Hazama, Mendes Junior, Techint,

Conconcreto

Quick facts: This project on the Rio Guatapé in San

Carlos and San Rafael municipalities, 160km east of

Medellin. Commercial operation was on 25 Feb

1988. Also known as J Emilio Valderrama.

http://www.google.com/imgres?q=natural+energy+distribution&um=1&hl=en&sa=N&biw=1920&bih=895&tbm=isch&prm

d=imvns&tbnid=lhpa-k97rWQv_M:&imgrefurl=http://www.greatertoronto.org/why-greater-toronto/economic-

overview/telecom-utilities/&docid=z7Rfe-dQ-uWMeM&imgurl=http://www.greatertoronto.org/wp-

content/uploads/2011/09/Ontarios-Energy-Source-

Distribution.png&w=485&h=287&ei=Lv9jT8mOKcXfggeO2NHmAg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=830&vpy=155&dur=1527&hovh=

173&hovw=292&tx=132&ty=115&sig=103990226190120335109&page=1&tbnh=98&tbnw=165&start=0&ndsp=51&ved=1t:

429,r:4,s:0

Energy needs to be conserved to protect our environment from drastic changes, to

save the depleting resources for our future generations. The rate at which the

energy is being produced and consumed can damage our world in many ways. In

other words, it helps us to save the environment. We can reduce those impacts by

consuming less energy. The cost of energy is rising every year. It is important for us to

realize how energy is useful to us and how can we avoid it getting wasted.

To start saving energy is not a big thing at all. We can start saving the energy from

our home itself, just by turning off the lights during day hours, washing clothes in

cold water or using public transport instead of using our own vehicle and later can

implement these things on much wider scale at society level, then at city level then

district level and finally at country level. You might notice a small change in your

monthly bills by implementing these changes as they would be getting decreased

more and more. With so many alternatives and so many techniques about there, if

millions of people like us start doing these things, it will help us to save much more

money and also help the environment.

http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/

http://schoolworkhelper.net/2010/09/energy-resources-

renewable-nonrenewable/

http://www.google.com/imgres?q=eolic+and+hydroele

ctric+energy+good+uses+bad+uses+bigger+is+better&s

tart=105&hl=en&gbv=2&biw=1920&bih=895&tbm=isch

&tbnid=pCKyRUXRJIZ2MM:&imgrefurl=http://www.cita

tiontechnologies.com/Blog/%3Ftag%3D/sustainability&

docid=u7ashu3rcQ-

K1M&imgurl=http://www.citationtechnologies.com/Bl

og/image.axd%253Fpicture%253D2011%25252F11%25

252Frenewable-

energy.gif&w=450&h=400&ei=lyRmT7aPNM_zggeGmN

30Ag&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=175&sig=1039902261901

20335109&page=3&tbnh=131&tbnw=152&ndsp=61&v

ed=1t:429,r:0,s:105&tx=98&ty=107

NEWS

Posters

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1cysaOnlv_E

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__zB80Saglk&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-1EIhowgtgA&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHPN9rJ6yPE&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FpaOj-KrG3E&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NaLBvHYYyUA&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mz6bGY7ylWk&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kVskMh0Etcs&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZPGlT3bJMfE&feature=related