Complete Syllabus of MSc MB

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

CMR Institute of Management Studies (Autonomous), BangaloreI semester M.Sc., Microbiology

Course structure

CMR Institute of Management Studies (Autonomous), BangaloreII semester M.Sc., Microbiology

Course structure

II semester M.Sc., Microbiology

Value Added CourseCourse structure

Hand Book Page 1

PAPER CODE

TITLE OF THE PAPER

1 MMB 01 Microbial Diversity

1 MMB 02Bacteriology and Virology

1 MMB 03Phycology & Mycology

1 MMB 04Microbiological Techniques

1 MMB 05PMicrobial Diversity and Bacteriology and Virology

1 MMB 06PPhycology, Mycology & Microbiological Techniques

1 MMB PR1 Project-1

PAPER

CODE

TITLE OF THE PAPER

2 MMB 01 Microbial Genetics

2 MMB 02 Microbial physiology

2 MMB 03 Immunology

2 MMB 04Biostatistics, bioinformatics, Research

methodology and Bioethics

2MMB 05P Microbial physiology and Microbial genetics

2 MMB 06P Immunology and Bioinformatics

1 MMB PR1 Project-1

PAPER CODE

TITLE OF THE PAPER

1 MMB07V Food Science and Nutrition

1 MMB07VP Food Science and Nutrition


CMR Institute of Management Studies (Autonomous), BangaloreIII semester M.Sc., Microbiology

Course structure

CMR Institute of Management Studies (Autonomous), BangaloreIV semester M.Sc., Microbiology

Course structure

CMR Institute of Management Studies (Autonomous), BangaloreI semester M.Sc., Microbiology

I SEMESTERMarks Distribution

PAPER CODE

TITLE OF THE PAPER

NO. OF HOURS

MARKS

Per week Total ESE CIA TOTAL

1 MMB 01 Microbial Diversity4 52 60 40 100

1 MMB 02 Bacteriology and Virology

4 52 60 40 100

1 MMB 03Phycology & Mycology

4 52 60 40 100

1 MMB 04 Microbiological 4 52 60 40 100

Hand Book Page 2

PAPER CODE

TITLE OF THE PAPER

3 MMB 01 Molecular biology3 MMB 02 Recombinant DNA Technology

3 MMB 03 Environmental Microbiology3 MMB 04 Food Microbiology3MMB 05P Molecular Biology and Recombinant DNA

Technology3 MMB 06P Environmental and Food Microbiology 1 MMB PR 1

Project – I

PAPER CODE

TITLE OF THE PAPER

4 MMB 01 Agricultural Microbiology4 MMB 02 Medical Microbiology

4MMB 03 Industrial Microbiology4 MMB 04 Fermentation technology4MMB 05P Agricultural and Medical Microbiology4 MMB 06P Microbial and Fermentation Technology 1 MMB PR 1

Project – I


Techniques

1 MMB 05PMicrobial Diversity and Bacteriology and Virology

8 120 60 40 100

1 MMB 06P

Phycology, Mycology & Microbiological Techniques

8 120 60 40 100

1 MMB PR1 Project-16 90

NATOTAL 38 538 360 240 600


Marks DistributionPAPER CODE

TITLE OF THE PAPER

NO. OF HOURS MARKS

Per week Total ESE CIA TOTAL

2 MMB

01Microbial Genetics 4 52 60 40 100

2 MMB

02Microbial physiology 4 52 60 40 100

2 MMB

03Immunology 4 52 60 40 100

2 MMB

04

Biostatistics, bioinformatics, Research methodology and Bioethics

4 52 60 40 100

2MMB

05P

Microbial physiology

and Microbial

genetics

8 120 60 40 100

2 MMB

06P

Immunology and

Bioinformatics 8 120 60 40 100

1 MMB

PR1Project-1

6 90NA

TOTAL 38 538 360 240 600

Hand Book Page 3



Value Added CourseMarks Distribution

PAPER CODE

TITLE OF THE PAPER

NO. OF HOURS

MARKS

Per week

Total ESE CIA TOTAL

1 MMB07 VFood Science and Nutrition

2 40 60 40 100

1 MMB07VP

Food Science and Nutrition

3 30 60 40 100

TOTAL 5 70 120 80 200

CMR Institute of Management Studies (Autonomous), BangaloreIII semester M.Sc., Microbiology

Marks Distribution

PAPER CODE

TITLE OF THE PAPER

NO. OF HOURS

MARKS

Per week

Total ESE CIA TOTAL

3 MMB 01 Molecular biology 4 52 60 40 100

3 MMB 02 Recombinant DNA Technology

4 52 60 40 100

3 MMB 03 Environmental Microbiology

4 52 60 40 100

3 MMB 04 Food Microbiology 4 52 60 40 1003MMB 05P

Molecular Biology and Recombinant DNA Technology

8 120 60 40 100

3 MMB 06P

Environmental and Food Microbiology

8 120 60 40 100

1 MMB PR 1

Project – I 6 90NA

TOTAL 38 538 360 240 600

Hand Book Page 4



Marks Distribution

PAPER CODE

TITLE OF THE PAPER

NO. OF HOURS MARKS

Per week

Total ESE CIA TOTAL

4 MMB 01 Agricultural Microbiology

4 5260 40 100

4 MMB 02 Medical Microbiology

4 5260 40 100

4MMB 03 Industrial Microbiology

4 5260 40 100

4 MMB 04 Fermentation technology

4 5260 40 100

4MMB 05P Agricultural and Medical Microbiology

8 12060 40 100

4 MMB 06P Microbial and Fermentation Technology

8 12060 40 100

1 MMB PR 1

Project – I 6 9060 40 100

TOTAL 38 538 420 280 700


Value Added CourseMarks Distribution

PAPER CODE

TITLE OF THE PAPER

NO. OF HOURS

MARKS

Per week

Total ESE CIA TOTAL

2 MMB07 V

Molecular Diagnostics

2 40 60 40 100

2 MMB07VP

Molecular Diagnostics

3 30 60 40 100

TOTAL 5 70 120 80 200

Hand Book Page 5


CMR Institute of Management Studies (Autonomous), BangalorePG Department of MicrobiologyQUESTION PAPER PATTERN

SECTION TEST QUESTIONS MARKS TOTALTotal

Questions given

AAnswers in

brief 10 2 Each 2012 Questions(2 Choice)

BAnswers in brief and concepts

7 5 Each 359 Questions(2 Choice)

C

Answers in detail with scientific knowledge

3 15 Each 454 Questions(1 choice)

Total 100

CMR Institute of Management Studies (Autonomous), BangalorePG Department of MicrobiologyQUESTION PAPER PATTERN

Value added course

SECTION TESTQUESTION

SMARKS TOTAL

Total Questions given

AAnswers in brief 5 2 Each 10

7 Questions(2 Choice)

B

Answers in brief and concepts

4 5 Each 206 Questions(2 Choice)

C

Answers in detail with scientific knowledge

2 15 Each 303 Questions(1 choice)

Total 60

Hand Book Page 6


Pattern of marks distribution for internal marks:

CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT (CIA)

Theory

AttendanceSeminar

s Assignments I Internals II internalsTota

l5 5 10 10 10 40

Practicals

Attendance Record Performance Viva voce Total5 5 20 10 40

Project

Viva voce

Introduction &

collection of review

of literature

Problem &

hypothesis

Sampling and Tools for data

collection

Material and Methods/stasistical analysis

Result, Discussio

n and conclusio

n

Attendance

Total

10 4 4 4 4 4 10 40

END SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS (ESE)

Practicals

Experiments/ Spotters

Viva voce

Record Total

40 10 10 60

Viva voce

Introduction &

collection of review of literature

Problem &

hypothesis

Sampling and Tools

for data collectio

n

Material and Methods/stasistic

al analysisResult

Discussion and

conclusion

Total

30 5 5 5 5 5 5 60

Hand Book Page 7


CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALOREI SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY1 MMB 01: MICROBIAL DIVERSITY

52 HOURSCONTENT NO. OF

HRS Introduction To Microbial Diversity : Distribution - Abundance - Ecological niche. Oxygenic photosynthetic microbes - Anoxygenic photosynthetic microbes- Oxidative transformation of metals - Sulphur oxidation, Iron oxidation, Ammonia oxidation and Hydrogen oxidation. Adaptation to the nutritional and physical environment

8

Bacterial Systematics And Nomenclature : Biological Classification and the Linnaean system, Nature System of Classification. Taxon, Strain, Binomial Nomenclature. Haeckal's Three-kingdom classification, Whittaker’s Five kingdom Classification, Nutritional Classification & Metabolic Diversity, Molecular Phylogeny, Three-domain concept of Carl Woese, Criteria for Classification. Classification according to Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Recent trend in Microbial Taxonomy. Chemo & numerical taxonomy, genetic methods in taxonomy, Serological methods. Phage Typing, Flow Cytometry, Bacterial Phylogeny, Phylogenetic Trees-Evolutionary models and Dichotomous key.

13

Unculturable And Culturable Bacteria : Conventional and Molecular methods of studying Microbial diversity. Culture dependent methods of community analysis - Dilution plating and culturing methods. Culture independent methods of community

5

Microbial Diversity In Anoxic Ecosystem : Methanogens - Reduction of carbon monoxide - reduction of iron, sulphur, manganese, nitrate and oxygen - Microbes and Mechanism of Metal Reduction – bioleaching of ore and metal corrosion.

9

Extremophiles : The domain Archaea-Habitat, Morphology, Classification &Metabolism -Acidophilic, Alkalophilic, Thermophilic, Barophilic, and Halophilic microbes - Mechanisms and Adaptation. Extremozymes –Properties, Extraction and Applications.

9

Subterranean Microbes : Ground water Contamination .Biomagnification , Bioaccumulation and Bioremediation-Xenobiotic Pollutants. Catabolic pathway of pesticides- degradation and mineralization.

8

References: 1. Johri,B.N. Extremophiles, Springer Verlag, New York, 2002. 2. Allsopp,D.,Colwell, R.R., and Hawksworth,D.L.(1995) Microbial Diversity and Ecosystem Function, 2004.3. Black, Microbiology-Principles and Explorations, 6th edition, 2005.4. Daniel Lim, Microbiology, 2nd edition, 20065. Jeffrey C. Pommervile, Alcamos Fundamentals of Microbiology, 8th edition, 2006. 6. Maier, Pepper, Environmental Microbiology, 2nd edition, 20047. M.T Madgan and others, Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 9th edition, 20028. L.M Prescott and others, Microbiology, 4th edition, 20039. Stanier, General Microbiology, 5th edition, 200710. Hurst, Crawford, Manual of Environmental Microbiology, 2nd edition, 2001

Hand Book Page 8


11. Nester E.W. and others, Microbiology, 3rd edition, 200312. Pelczar, Microbiology, 5th edition, 200613. David C.Sigee, Freshwater Microbiology, 2nd edition, 200214. Gerard J. Tortora, Microbiology- An Introduction, 8th edition, 200415. J.Vaun, Mc Arthur, Microbial ecology- An evolutionary approach, 2nd edition, 200516. Sullia S.B, S.Shantharam, General Microbiology, 2nd edition, 2006

Hand Book Page 9


CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALOREI SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY

1 MMB 02: BACTERIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY 52 HOURS

CONTENT NO. OF

HRS

Morphology Of Bacteria : Morphology and Ultra structure of Bacteria -Morphological types – phototropic bacteria.Structure and function of flagella, cilia, pili, plasmids, transposons, gas vacuoles, carboxysomes, cellulosomes, magnetosomes, phycobilisomes, parasporal crystals. Structure of nucleoid, spores-exospores and endospores.

8

Reserve Food Material & Cultivation Of Bacteria : Reserve food material-metachromatic granules, polysaccharide granules, poly β hydroxybutyrate granules, glycogen, oil droplets, cyanophycin granules and sulphur globules.Cultivation of bacteria: aerobic, anaerobic, shaker and still cultures, batch and nutritional requirements. Nutritional classification of bacteria. Culture media used Special purpose media, nutrient media, selective media, and different media, Reproduction in bacteria. Mechanism of binary fission. Growth curve. Growth rate and generation time. Growth kinetics, mathematical expression. Measurement of population growth, measurement of cell mass and number. Factors affecting growth. Pattern of death. Control of bacteria - Physical and Chemical - disinfectants and antiseptics. Evaluation of Antimicrobial potency. Preservation methods-maintenance and preservation techniques.

10

Forms Of Bacteria : Eubacteria; Mycoplasmas; Ricketsiae; Actinomycetes; Spirochetes; Cyanobacteria -moephological types, habitat, reproduction, classification and economic importance, study of structure and reproduction of Microsystis, Gloesocapsa, spirulina, Oscillatoria, Rivularia, Nostoc, Anabaena and Scytonema.; Psuedomonads; Lactobacilli; Endospore forming rods

3

Virology Introduction And Diagnosis Methods : Brief outline on discovery of viruses, origin of viruses, nomenclature and classification of viruses- Baltimore classification; distinctive properties of viruses; morphology and ultra structure; capsids and their arrangements; types of envelopes and their composition-viral genome, their types and structures; virus related agents (viroids, prions).Cultivation of viruses in embryonated eggs, experimental animals, and cell cultures; primary and secondary cell structures; suspension cell cultures and monolayer cell cultures; cell stains, cell lines and transgenic systems; serological methods, assay of viruses - Physical and chemical methods (Proteins, nucleic acid, radioactivity tracers, electron microscopy) - Infectivity assay (plaque method, end point method) - Infectivity assay of plant viruses

10

Plant Viruses : Classification and nomenclature; effect of viruses on plants; common virus disease of plants; paddy, cotton, tomato, and sugarcane, life cycle; type specific viruses like TMV, Cauliflower mosaic virus and potato virus X; transmission of plant viruses with vectors (insects, nematodes, fungi) and without vectors (Contact, seed and pollens); diagnostic techniques in seeds; seed stocks and diseased plants (seed morphology, seedling symptomatology, indicator plants, prevention of crop loss due to virus infection - virus - free planting material; vector control.

7

Animal Viruses : Classification and nomenclature of animal human viruses;

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epidemiology, lifecycle, pathogen city, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of:RNA Viruses: - Paramyxoviridae (measles), Orthomyx0viridae influenza), Rhabdoviridae (rabies), filoviridae (Ebola virus), Retroviridae (HIV), Reoviridae (rotavirus), Picorna viridae (poliovirus & FMDV of cattle), Flaviviridae (Dengue virus).

14

Reference:

1. Biswas, S.B., and Anitha Biswas (1997) An Introduction to Viruses. 4th revised edition, Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd., Delhi.

2. Dimmock N.J., Primrose S.B ., Introduction to Modern Virology Ed. Prentice Hall3. Mathew, RF., Functionals of Plant Virology. Academics Press.4. Pelezar M.J., Chan E.C.S, kreig N.R., (1986) Microbiology., Tata Mc Graw- Hall Publ. 5).

Sullia S.B. & S Shantaram 1998 General Microbiology, Oxford IBH pub. Co New Delhi.5. Stainer R Y., Ingharam J.L., Wheelis M.L., Painter P.R (1999) General Microbiology.

CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALORE

Hand Book Page 11


I SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY1 MMB 03: PHYCOLOGY AND MYCOLOGY

52 HOURS

CONTENT NO. OF HRS

Morphology And Classification Of Algae : Media and methods used for culturing algae, measurement of algal growth, strain selection and large scale cultivation; applications - therapeutic uses, heavy metal removal, use of immobilized and labelled algae, economic importance of algae.

10

Mycology : Historical introduction to Mycology; Evolutionary tendencies in lower fungi- salient features and examples of Divisions Myxomycota - Acrasiomycetes, Hydromyxomycets, Myxomycetes, Plasmodiophoromycetes; Zoosporic fungi - Chytridiomycetes, Hyphochytridiomycetes, Oomycetes, Zygomycotina - Zygomycetes, Trichomycetes

9

Study Of Higher Fungi : Study of higher fungi - salient features and examples of Divisions Ascomycotina; Basidiomycotina ; Blastomycetes

9

Structure And Growth Of Fungal Cells : Hyphae and non-motile unicells, motile cells, spores, dormancy, growth of population and colonies, mechanics of growth in fungi, Measurement and Kinetics of growth, nutritional and environmental requirements; effect of environment on growth - pH, temperature; prevention of fungal growth.

9

Fungal Ecosystem : Heterothallism, Sex hormones in fungi, Physiological specialization, Phylogeny of fungi; Substrate groups - saprophytic, parasitic, Keratinophilic, coprophilous; substrate successions, parasitism, mutualism and symbiosis with plants and animals.

7

Fungal Diseases : Fungal diseases - mycoses, systemic and subcutaneous, candidiasis, pnemocystis, blastomycoses, dermatomycoses

8

Reference:1. Alexopoulos, C.J., and Mins C.W (2001) Introduction to Mycology, Wiley2. Becker, E. W., (1994) Microalgae: Biotechnology and Microbiology, Cambridge

University Press.3. Charlie M., and Walkinson, The Fungi. Academic Press

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1 MMB 04: MICROBIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES 52 HOURS

CONTENT NO. OF HRS

Microscopy : Working principle, different types- Light microscopy, Bright field, Dark field, Phase contraction microscopy, Fluorescent microscopy, Electron microscopy (TEM and SEM), Confocal Microscopy, Polarisation microscopy Scanning probe microscopy, Haemocytometry and Microphotography. X-ray diffraction, Crystallisation. 10

Sterilization Techniques : Definitions of Physical methods- Heat (dry & moist) Filtration-Types of Filters, Radiation-Ionising and Non-ionising; Chemical agents-Phenols, Alcohols, Halogens, Heavy metals,Aldehydes,Quaternaryammonium ,compounds and Gases. Evaluation of antimicrobial agent- Phenol coefficient, Filter paper method.

9

Isolation Of Pure Cultures : Pure Culture Techniques- Dilution, Spread plate, Streak plate, Pour plate, Micromanipulator Method. Maintenance and Preservation of Pure cultures. Culture collections. Centres- National and International.

5

Measurement Of Microbial Growth& Staining Technique : Direct method- Direct Microscopic count, Standard plate count, Filtration, MPN, Indirect method-Determination of Turbidity, Metabolic activity, Dry weight and Micrometry.Nature of stains, Principle, Mechanism, Method and Types of Staining-Simple, Differential and Special staining.

8

Instrumentation : Spectroscopy: Principle, Construction and Application of Spectrophotometer, Different types, Working, Principle & their applications. Chromatography, Electrophoresis, and centrifugation- Different types and Applications.

14

Radioisotopic Techniques : Stable and Radioactive isotopes, Radio isotopic Autoradiography, Scintillation counters, Non-radioactive labelling.

6

Reference:1. James, G.N. Microbiology A laboratory manual, Addison- Wesley.2. Norris, J.R. and Ribbons, E.W. Methods in Microgiology, Academic press3. Bhattacharlya. Experiments with microorganisms, Emkay publicationjs4. Plummer: An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry, Tata-McGraw Hill


Hand Book Page 13


I SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY1 MMB 05 P: MICROBIAL DIVERSITY, BACTERIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY

NO TITLE OF THE EXPERIMENTS

1 Staining Techniques: Grams Staining

2 Endospore & Capsule Staining

3 Cultural Characteristics of Bacteria on Selective medias-Eosin

Methylene Blue Agar, Salmonella-Shigella Agar, Mannitol Salt Agar,

Cetrimide Agar

4 Cultural Characteristics of Bacteria on Differential medias-

Mac Conkey’s Agar, Deoxycolate citrate Agar, Blood Agar,

Chocolate Agar

5 Pure Culture Techniques-Preparation of Slants, Sub culturing &

Types of Streaking

6 Biochemical Tests- Catalase, Oxidase,Gelatin Liquefaction, Starch

Hydrolysis, IMVIC Tests, Coagulase & Triple Sugar Iron Agar Test

and Hydrogen sulphide production test

7 Pigmentation &Spreading growth

8 Carbohydrate Fermentation-Glucose,Sucrose, Fructose, Mannitol

9 Determination of growth by turbidometric method

10 Microbial Growth Measurements-Serial Dilutions. Plate Count and

indirect method for growth measurement.

11 Isolation and identification of halophilic bacteria from sea water

12 Motility testing of bacteria by hanging drop method

* 4 hours per experiment

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1 MMB 06P: PHYCOLOGY, MYCOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES

NOTITLE OF THE EXPERIMENTS

1 Isolation of fungi from different substrates (Saprophytic, Parasitic,

Copraphilous, Keratinophilous)

2 Study of environmental requirements of Fungi (pH, Temperature)

by linear growth and biomass.

3 Study of antifungals (antibiotics/ Chemicals/ Plant extracts)

4 Study of antagonism

5 Isolation of pathogenic fungi from infected samples;

human/plant/animals

6 Germ tube test

7 Viability test

8 Isolation of epiphytic algae.

9 Isolation and identification of algae from various aquatic

environments. (polluted / fresh water)

10 Lichens; Morphological study

11 Isolation and characterization of acidophilic and halophilic fungi.


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CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALOREII SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY

2 MMB 01: MICROBIAL GENETICS 52

HOURS

CONTENT NO. OF HRS

Structural Polymorphism Of DNA : DNA structure: A, B and Z DNA, Supercoiled DNA, DNAh and binding proteins, DNA replication in Prokaryotes (double stranded DNA virus, Pox Virus; SV4O; ssDNA virus. The rolling circle replication, semi conservative replication, primer or template, origin of replications, replication fork- leading and lagging strands, enzymes involved at different steps of replication, Folded fiber model of E.coli chromosome, Genome organization in eukaryotes, Split genes, overlapping genes, DNA amplification . The law of DNA constancy and- C-value paradox.

10

Replication Of RNA : Replication of plus strand RNA virus (polio), Negative strand RNA virus, r (VSV and influenza). Replication of double stranded RNA virus (Rotavirus), antisense RNA

7

Mutation : Gene as unit of mutation, Molecular basis of spontaneous and induced mutations and their role in evolution; Mutagens, Types of mutations, transposon mutagenesis site directed mutagenesis, AMES’s test; environmental mutagenesis and toxicity testing.

7

Genetic Recombination At Molecular Level : Genetic recombination in bacteriophages and E. coil, Synapsis of homologous duplexes, breakages and re-union, role of Rec A in recombination, generalized & specialized transduction, transformation and conjugation, Legitimate & illegitimated recombination gene conversion, overview of bacterial genetic map

10

Gene Transfer Mechanisms : Bacterial transformation; Host cell restriction; Transduction; Complementation; conjugation and transfection, Mechanisms and applications, Genetic analysis of microbes, Bacteria and yeast. Genetics of fungi-alteration of generation, neurospora crassa and yeasts induction of mutation, cytoplasmic inheritance and biochemical mutants 10

Plasmids : Plasmids, F-factors - description and their uses in genetic analysis. Colicins and Col Factors R plasmids, Plasmids as vectors for gene cloning, Replication of selected plasmids: compatibility, Transposôns and their use in genetic analyses. Bacteriophages: Lysogeny and lytic cycle in bacteriophages, Life cycle and their uses in microbial genetics. Lytic phages-T7 and T4, Lysogenic phages Lambda and P1. Ml 3 and φX 174.

8

Reference:1. Dale, J.W. Molecular Genetic of Bacteria2. Benjamin Lewin, Genes VIII3. Streips and Yasbin. Modern Microbial Genetics4. John Ringo, Fundamental Genetics

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CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALOREII SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY2 MMB 02: MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY

52 HOURS

CONTENT NO. OF HRS

Microbial Nutrition : Organic and inorganic nutrients: Basic aspects of energetics-entropy, enthalpy, Electron transport chain, artificial electron donors-uncouplers-High energy bond — phosphorylation.

5

Brief Account Of Photosynthetic And Accessory Pigments : Brief account of photosynthetic and accessory pigments-chlorophyll-bacterial chlorophyll- rhodopsin-carotenoids-phycobiliproteins; Carbohydrates — anabolism —autotrophy —oxygenic- anoxygenic photosynthesis; autotrophic generation of ATP; fixation of CO2-Calvin cycle-C3 and C4 pathways; Chemolithotrophy ,luminescence; Biosynthesis of fatty acids; pigments and secondary metabolites. Coordinated control of metabolism.

13

Enzymes : Definition, structure, Enzymes as biocatalysts, properties and classification, specificity, active sites, Coenzyrnes: Activators and inhibitors, activity unit, Isozymes, Enzyme kinetics (negative and positive cooperatively); Michaelis-Menten equation for simple enzymes. Determination of kinetic parameters, multistep reactions and rare limiting steps, enzyme inhibition, allosterism. kinetic analysis of allosteric enzymes, principles of allosteric regulation, Ribozyme and abzyme.

10

Respiratory Metabolism : Emhden Meyerhoff Parnás pathway: Entner Doudoroff pathway; glyoxalate pathway; Krebs cycle; Oxidative and substrate level phosphorylation, reverse TCA cycle; glucon eogenesis, Pasteur effect; fermentation of carbohydrates-homo and hetero lactic fermentation.HMP

9

Assimilation Of Nitrogen : dinitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonia, synthesis of major amino acids, polyamines; synthesis of polysaccharides-peptidoglycan-biopolymers as cell components; endospores-structure, properties and germination. Biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines

9

Signal Transduction In Prokaryotes And Eukaryotes : Overview of signal transduction, signals, second messengers, termination of signal transduction. Prokaryotic signal transduction:Bacterial pheromones, chemotaxis, flagella movements.phototaxis. signaling mechanisms involved in eukaryotic cell division, glucose metabolism 6

Reference:1. Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry 3dr edition by Nelson & Cox (Worth) 2000 pub.2. Moat. A.G. & Foster J.W. 1999 Microbial Physiology, Wiley-Liss.3. Arora D.K. & Seema Gupta.1996. Bacterial Physiology Anmol Publications. New Delhi.4. Palmer T. Enzymes: Biochemistry, Biotechnology & Clinical Chemistry 2001. Horwood Pub. Chichester.5. Voet & Voet J.G. 2004. Biochemistry. John Wiley and Sons.

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2 MMB 03: IMMUNOLOGY 52

HOURS

CONTENT NO. OF HRS

Immune System And Immunity : History of immunology; Structures, composition and functions of cells and organs involved in immune system - T- cells, B-cells, macrophages, antigen-processing cells, Eosinophls, Neutrophils, Mast cells and killer T - cells; microbial infections and immune reponses - innate Immunity, acquired Immunity; Clonal nature of immune response; Immunohaematology- blood groups, blood transfusion and Rh incompatibilities.

9

Antigens And Antibodies : Antigens - structure and properties, types - Iso and all antigens - haptens; adjuvants - antigen specificity. Immunoglobulins - Structure - heterogenecity - types and subtypes - properties (physico-chemical and biological); pathways. Generation of immunological diversity; Effector mechanisms., T- cell cloning and its applications in vaccine development, production of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies and its applications

In vitro Methods -Agglutination, precipitation, complement fixation, immunofluorescence, immuncelectrophoresis, ELISA, Radio Immunoassays; In vivo Methods: skin tests and immune complex tissue demonstrations. Applications of these methods in diagnosis of microbial infections, auto immunity mechanisms, systemic lupus erythematosus, Graves diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis. Immunodeficiency- phagocytic humoral, CMI, combined HLA association

18

Major Histocompatibility Complex And Tumor Immunology : Structure and functions of MHC and HL-A systems. Gene regulation and immune response genes HL-A and tissue transplantation - Tissue typing methods for organ and tissue transplantations in humans; graft versus host reaction and rejection; autoimmunity Tumor immunity - tumor specific antigens, Immune response to tumors, immunodiagnosis of tumors - detection of tumor markers - alphafoetal proteins, carcinoembryonic antigen etc.,

7

Immune Response And Transplantations : Tissue transplantations ( types, ABO grouping, tissue typing, screening for performed antibodies, cross matching), graft rejection, its mechanisms, auto immunity, xenotransplantation

5

Hypersensitivity Reactions : Anibody-mediated Type L anaphylaxis; Type II. Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity; Type III. Immune complex mediated reactions; Type IV. Hypersensitivity, its types, Cell mediated hypersensitivity reactions. The respective symptoms, immunological methods of their diagnosis. Lymphokines and cytokines - their assay methods. Immunological tolerance.

8

Immunization : Common immunizations vaccines from plants- banana, watermelon etc, plantibodies, sub unit vaccines, synthetic peptide vaccine, recombinant DNA vaccine and edible vaccine.

5

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References:1. Paul, Fundamental Immunology, 4th edition, 20032. Janis Kuby, Immunology, 6th edition, 20063. K.RJoshi, Immunology, 4th edition, 20064. Richard Coico, Immunology- A short course, 5th edition, 20025. Jacqueline Stanley, Essentials of Immunology and Serology, 2nd edition,20046. Lesley-Jane Eales, Immunology for Life Scientists, 2nd edition, 20057. Abbas Lichtman, Basic Immunology, 2nd edition, 20018. Roitt, Immunology, 7th edition, 20049. Tizard, Immunology- An Introduction, 4th edition, 200310. Janeway, Immunobiology, 6th edition, 200111. Lydyard, Instant notes in Immunology, 4th edition, 200412. Smith, Concepts in Immunology and Immunotherapeutics, 4th edition, 200313. Stefan, H.E.Kaufman, Immunology of infections, 2nd edition, 200314. Richard M. Hyde, Immunology, 4th edition, 200415. Ian Todd, Immunology, 5th edition,2006

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II SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY2 MMB 04 : BIOSTATISTICS,BIOINFORMATICS, RESEARCH

METHODOLOGY & BIOETHICS 52 HOURS

CONTENT NO. OF HRS

Statistical Tests And Frequency Distribution : Method of central tendency & dispersion, linear regression & correlation-test of significance, ANNOVA. T-test, SPSS (statistical package) for various applications in Bio-statistical programme, Arithmetic mean, mode, median and percentiles. Measures of variability: Range, mean deviation, Analysis of variance, standard deviation and co-efficient of variation. Skewness and Kurtosis

7

Probablity, Sampling And Hypothesis Testing : Definitions; events; sample space; addition and multiplication rules of probability; conditional probability (simple problems). Probability Distributions: Discrete, continuous, binomial, Poisson and normal distribution. Simple correlation of regression, Population and sample: Random sample, use of table of random numbers, parameter and statistics, sampling distribution of sample means, Standard error; confidence intervals. Hypothesis testing - Basic concepts and definitions, tests based on normal, student T, chi square – and F distribution

9

Research Concepts And Steps In Research : Basic and applied research, essential steps in research, literature search methodologies, literature, patent search, citation methods, experimental designs, components of research reports, tables and figures, formatting and typing protocols, safety guidelines for research including lab safety and personal safety.

10

Bioinformatics : Introduction, scope and application bioinformatics,Biological Databases: GenBank and PDB,Computational Sequence Analysis:

Sequence Alignment,Sequence similarity search ,Examples: BLAST, FASTA and Clustal W,Structural Bioinformatics:Structure Visualization,Structure prediction: Secondary and Tertiary,Protein Modeling and its application in Drug Designing,Genomics and Proteomics: Introduction and Applications ,Clinical Research and its Applications

13

IPR,Bioethics And Biosafety : Biosafety regulations and caratagena protocol, use of GMO, Levels of containment, procedures for risk assessment in GM seeds and plants, ethical issues involved in GM foods, Indian Drugs and cosmetic act, Handling of hazardous materials used in Biotechnology and their disposal, GMP and GLP. IPR,WTO,WIPO,GATT,TRIPS, patenting and procedures involved in application of patents, application of patent laws, plant breeder’s rights, legal implications

Ethical issues of human genome project, foetal sex determination, stem cell research. Use of cell cultures as alternate for animals models, animal and human cloning, ethical and social issues, organ and xeno transplantation

13

Reference:

1.Statistical Methods (Chand publishers) – P.K.Guptha2.Statistics in Biology (Mc Graw Hill) – Bliss.C.I.K.3.Statistics for Biologists (Cambridge press) – Campbell.R.C4.Research methodology , N. Gurumani

Hand Book Page 20


5.Biosafety and Bioethics, APH publishers, Geetha Bali and Sullia

Hand Book Page 21



2 MMB 05P: MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL GENETICS

No TITLE OF THE EXPERIMENTS

1 Colorimetric estimation of proteins, Sugar, DNA , RNA

2 Estimation of IAA produced by bacteria and Fungi

3Estimation of microbial enzymes- Amylase, phosphatase, Cellulase, Protease

4 Determine Km and Vmax

5 Saponification value of fat and iodine number of fatty acids

6 Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) for proteins

7Mutagenesis: Identification and isolation of fungal and bacterial mutants: Chemical and UV

8 Study of replica plating techniques

9 Separation of Aflatoxin by TLC

10 Isolation of plasmid DNA and genomic DNA

11 Phage titration

12 Demonstration of bacterial transformation

13 DNA amplification by PCR


Hand Book Page 22



2MMB06P: IMMUNOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS

NO TITLE OF THE EXPERIMENTS

1 Slide agglutination tests

2 Precipitation tests-ODD

3 Blood grouping and Rh typing

4 Widal test

5 VDRL/RPR Test

6 DOT ELISA

7 HCG Test

8 Serological tests of diagnostic importance

9 RA Factor

10 Sequence analysis/similarity search: blast, fasta, clustal

11 Structure visualization: rasmol

12 Structure prediction: secondary and tertiary

13 Restriction mapping

14 Primer designing



Hand Book Page 23


III SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY3 MMB 01: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

52 HOURS

CONTENT NO OF HRS

DNA Replication :Mode of DNA replication, Initiation of ss DNA; Retroviruses and their unique mode of DNA synthesis, relationship between DNA replication and cell cycle, Inhibitors of DNA replication, DNA damage and repair-Types of DNA damage-deamination, oxidative damage, alkylation, pyrimidine dimmers, Repair pathways-Photo reactivation, excision repair, post replication repair, SOS repair, methyl directed mismatch repair, very short patch repair.

13

Structural and Functional aspects :rRNA, tRNA, mRNA, and their functions, Initiator and elongator class tRNA,ribosomes-characteristics, structural aspects and properties, nucleosomes, regulation of rRNA and tRNA synthesis

7

Transcription :RNA polymerase in prokaryotes, its molecular composition and role of each component of RNA polymerase, Mechanism of transcription- initiation, elongation and termination.Global regulatory responses, heat shock response, stringent response, regulation by ppGpp and cAMP, Inhibitors of RNA synthesis and their mode of action, Polycistronic and monocistronic RNAs, Control of transcription by interaction between RNA polymerases and promoter regions, use of alternate sigma factor, Controlled termination- attenuation and anti-termination.Mechanism of transcription in Eukaryotes.

10

Translation :Basic features of genetic code, amino acid activation, ribosome binding site on mRNA and corresponding site on rRNA, peptidyltransferase activity of 23s rRNA, mechanism of – initiation, elongation and termination, Inhibitors of protein synthesis, synthesis of transport proteins on membrane bound ribosome, signal hypothesis, In Vitro transcription and system translation.

7

Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes :Trancriptional control, enzyme induction and repression, constitive synthesis of enzymes. The Operon concept, catabolic repression, instability of bacterial RNA, inducers and co-repressors, Negative gene regulation- E.coli Lac operon, Positive regulation- E.coli Ara operon, Regulation by attenuation Trp operon, Antitermination- N protein and nut sites, DNA binding protein, enhancer sequences, identification of protein binding sites on DNA, Maturation and processing of RNA- methylation, cutting, trimming of rRNA, capping, polyadenylation and splicing of mRNA, cutting and modification of tRNA degradation system, catalytic RNA, GI and GII intron splicing.

9

Genetic Control and Lambda Phage :Switching between lytic and lysogenic cycles, Control of transcription, RNA polymerase, Repressor, Cro gene, Control of integration and excision.

6

References:

1) Adams R.L.P ,(1992). DNA replication. IPL Oxford, England2) Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis et_al (2002), Molecular Biology of the

cell. Garland Pub. 4th edition.3) Lewin, (2002), Genes VII. Oxford university Press.4) Prescott, Harley and Klein,(2003), Microbiology; Prescott, McGraw Hill.

Hand Book Page 24


5) Watson, J D et_al , 5th edition Molecular Biology of Gene. Pearson Education; (2004)6) David Freifelder, Narosa Publishers,(1997).Molecular Biology, 7) Robert F. Weaver. (2004) Molecular Biology (3rd Edition) McGraw Hill.8) Monroe W. Strickberger. (3rd Edition) Genetics 9) Lewin, (2002). Genes VII. Oxford university Press.10) Lewin, (2002). Genes VIII. Oxford university Press.11) Harvey Loddish . 4th Edition(2002) Molecular Cell Biology 12) James D. Watson .Molecular Biology of the Gene (5th edition)13) Bruce Alberts . Molecular cell Biology, 3rd Edition14) Robert F. Weaver(2000). Molecular Biology15) Burton E. Tropp . 3rd Edition(2004). Molecular Biology- Genes to proteins16) Geoffrey M. Cooper . 2nd edition(2007). The Cell- a molecular approach17) T.A Brown.(1999). Genomes 218) T.A Brown.(2005). Genomes 319) E.D.P.De Robertis & E.M.F.De Robertis Jr . Cell and Molecular Biology . 8th edition.20) M.K.Sateesh. 2010. Genetically modified organisms and their impact on environment.

New Age International Publishers


Hand Book Page 25


III SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY3 MMB 02: RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY

52 HOURS

CONTENT NO OF HRS

Restriction Endonucleases : Types, nomenclature, properties and applications. Cloning vectors: general characteristics, PBR, PUC series. Phagmids, cosmids. Phage vectors: M13, Lambda, PAC. Yeast vectors: shuttle vector, 2 µ, yeast integrative chromosomes and their types, YAC. High Capacity Vectors: BAC,MAC,HAC. Expression vectors: general characteristics, promoter probe vectors, terminator probe vectors, ribosome binding site vectors, expression cassettes, gene cartridges. Plant vectors: Ti and Ri plasmids.

10

Liagation And Transforamtion : Ligation Techniques: structure, types, properties of E.coli and T4 DNA ligases.Transformation: CaCl2 and electroporation.Transfection: Invitropackaging: single and double strain system. Transformation in plant and animals. Selection and Screening of Recombinants: Using antibiotics and color additives: replica plate techniques, blue- white screening, X-gal, ONPG. phage markers: Spi, pI, yeast markers: URE, LUE, SUP4, red-white screening. etc., Other methods: colony hybridization, blotting, probes.

10

Expression Of Recombinant Proteins : Basic criteria, selection of promoter, terminator, and ribosome binding site sequences, fusion protein tags, protease cleavage sites and plasmid copy number in prokaryotes. Brief account on expression of recombinant proteins in eukaryotes.

4

Genome Sequencing And Microarrary : DNA Sequencing: Dideoxy, chemical, pyrosequencing and automated sequencing. Sequence assembly, closing gaps between contigs, chromosomal walking and prediction master sequence. PCR: Types and applications.Manufacture of DNA chips: on glass slides and Nitrocellulose membrane, labeling methods: RNA and DNA probes. Using DNA chips: whole genome analysis and SNP microarray, advantages and dis-advantages of microarray. Applications of microarray.

8

Mapping And Chemical Synthesis Of Gene : Mapping: Genetic and physical mapping of prokaryotic genome. Restriction mapping. Chemical synthesis of gene: phosphodi and triester, phoshate triester approaches. Enzymatic synthesis of DNA and complete synthesis of gene. Applications of synthetic oligonucleotides.

7

Application Of R-DNA Technology : In agriculture: genetically modified plants: disease, pest, weeds, frost and salt resistant plants. In medicine: production of hGh, insulin, interferon, recombinant vaccines, gene therapy, RNAi, diagnosis of cancer and other diseases. In industry: production of enzymes, treatment of xenobiotics and production of microbial gums. In research: location of genes, study of expression pattern, mapping genome.

13

References:

1) S.B Primrose, R.M. Twyman and R.W Old “Principles of Gene Manipulation”. 6 th edition 2001. Blackwell Science.

2) James D. Watson, Michael Gilman, Jan Witkowaski Mark Zoller: Recombinant DNA”, 2nd

edition Scientific American books distributed by W.H. Freeman and company New York.3) Bernard R. Glick, Jack J. Pasternak” Molecular biotechnology” principle and applications

Recombinant DNA. 3rd edition ASM Press Washington, D.C 2003.

Hand Book Page 26


4) David A. Micklos, Greg. A. Freyer with David.A. Crotty “DNA Science” a first course 2nd

edition I.K.International Pvt Ltd 2005.5) T.A. Brown “GENOME 3” GS Garland Science Taylor and Francis Group. New York and

London 2007.6) M.J. McPherson, S,G Moller “PCR” BIOS Scientific publishers Ltd 2000.7) D.M. Glover and B.D Hames. “DNA Cloning 3 “a practical approach Indian edition

Complex Genomes 2nd edition 2006. Oxford University Press. 8) S.B Primrose, R.M. Twyman “Principles of Gene Manipulation and Genomics”. 7 th

edition 2006. Blackwell publishing.9) Gupta P.K. Genetics a text book for university students 3rd edition 2002-2003.10) S.S. Purohit “Biotechnology” fundamentals and applications 4th edition , Agrobios (india)

200511) Singh B.D “Fundamentals of Genetics” 2nd edition.12) J.Sambrook, E.F.Fritsch and T. Maniatis “Molecular Cloning” a laboratory manual 2nd

edition cold spring harbor laboratory press 1989.13) Issac S. Kohane, Alvin T.Kha and Atul J. Butte “Microarray for an integrative genomics”.

Published in india by Ane Books 2003.14) Jeremy W Dale, Simon F Park “Molecular Genetics of Bacteria” 4 th edition John WILEY

and sons Ltd 2004. 15) Jack G. Chirikjian, “Biotechnology” theory and techniques vol-1 and vol-2 genetic

engineering separation technology, Janes and Bartlett publishers.

Hand Book Page 27


CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALOREIII SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY

3 MMB 03: ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY

52 HOURSCONTENT NO. OF

HRS

Aerobiology: droplet nuclei, aerosol,assessment of air quality- Anderson ,Rotorod, Burkard, solid and liquid impingement method and filters. Brief account of transmission of air borne microbes- Viruses ,Bacteria and Fungi .Microbiology of indoor and outdoor environments, disease caused by air borne microbes and allergens(Infections, their detection and enumeration). Biohazards caused by endotoxins.

10

Aquatic microbiology: Water ecosystem-fresh water(Ponds, lakes, Streams), marine habitats(Estuaries, mangroves, deep sea, hydrothermal vents, salt pans, coral reefs), Zonation of water ecosystem, upwelling, eutrophication, food chain in aquatic ecosystem- potability of water, microbial assessment of water, water purificationBrief account of major water borne diseases and their control measures.

12

Soil: Types, characteristics of soil, classification of soil based on physical and chemical properties, Microorganisms in various soil types. Role of microorganisms in biogeochemical cycle. ( carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous and Sulphur).

9

Waste Treatment: Solid and liquid wastes and their characterization, treatment. Methods of treatment- primary,secondary and tertiary. Utilization of solid wastesfor production of food(SCP, mushroom, yeast), fuel(Ethanol, methane), fertilizers(Composting). Subterranean microorganisms and its significance. 10

Positive and negative roles of microbes in environment: Biodegradation of xenobiotics, lignin, pesticides, hydrocarbons and plastic; bioaccumulation of metals and detoxification. Bioremediation (In situ and Ex situ) of contaminated soil and water. Biodeterioration of paper, leather, wood, textiles, mode of deterioration, organisms involved, mode of prevention, metal corrosion. Genetically modified organisms and their impacts on environment

11

References:

1. Alexander ,M. 1997. Introduction to soil Microbiology. John Wiley and sons Inc., New York2. Alexander, M.1971. Microbial Ecology. John Wiley and sons Inc., New York3. Baker.K.H and Herson.D.S.1994. Bioremediation. Mc. Graw Hill Inc., New York4. Burns.R.G. and Slater.J.H.1982. Experimental Microbial Ecology. Blackwell scientific

publications. Oxford London5. Burges.A and raw F. 1967. Soil Biology. Academic press, London6. Gabriel Bitton 1999. Waste ware Microbiology. 2nd Edition. ,Wiley- liss.7. Harriet A Burge.1995. Bioaerosols. Lewis Publishers Inc.8. Marshal.K.C.1985. Advances in microbial ecology. Vol.8.press9. Raina. M. Maier, lan L. pepper, Charles P Gweba.2000. Environmental Microbiology.

Academic press10. Mc Kinney. R.E.2004. Environmental pollution control microbiology.11. Bernard R. Glick and Jack J. Pasternak, 1994, Molecular Biotechnology – Principles and

applications of recombinant DNA, American Society for Microbilogy Press.

Hand Book Page 28


12. A.K. Chatterji, 2002, Introduction to Environemntal Biotechnology, Printice Hall of India, Private Limted, New Delhi,

13. M.K.Sateesh. 2010. Genetically modified organisms and their impact on environment. New Age International Publishers

14. A.N. Galzer and H. Nikaido, 1995, Microbial Biotechnology : Fundamentals of Applied Microbiology, W.H. Freeman & Co. New York.

15. E. Hodgson & E.Levi, 1997, A Text Book of Modern Toxicology Appleton & Lange Stamford, Connecticut.

16. C. Ratledge, 1994, Biochemistry of Microbial Degradation, Kulwer Academic Publisher. 17. Ignacicuthu, S.J. & Alok Sen, 1999, Biopesticide in Insect Pest Management Phoenix

Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 18. Gabriel Bitton, 1999, Waste Water Microbiology, Wiely-Liss. 19. Alexender, M., 1999, Biodegradation and Bioremediation, Academic Press. 20. Nicholas P. Cheremisinof, 2001, Biotechnology for Waste Water Treatment, Printice Hall of

India Private Ltd. 21. Rose, J, Gordon and Breach, 1998, Environmental Toxicology Current Developments (ed).

Science Publishers.

Hand Book Page 29



3 MMB 04: FOOD MICROBIOLOGY 52 HOURS

CONTENT NO. OF HRS

Food Microbiology As A Science : Introduction: Development of food microbiology as a science, importance of studying food microbiology, food as a substrate for microorganisms, sources of microorganisms.

7

Contamination And Spoilage : Principles of food spoilage, spoilage of cereals, sugar products, vegetables, fruits, meat and meat products, milk and milk products, sea foods, poultry, spoilage of canned foods- detection and characterization.

9

Food Preservation : Food Preservation- Principles And Methods- Low Temperature, High Temperature, Canning, Drying, Use Of Chemicals, Irradiation And Food Additives, Processing For Heat Treatment- D,Z And F Values.

9

Food Borne Infections And Intoxications : Bacterial—Brucella, Bacillus, Clostridium, Escherichia, Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus, Vibrio, Yersinia and Listeria. Nematodes, Protozoans, Algae, Viruses, Molds. Mycotoxins- Aflatoxins, Ochratoxins, Trichothecenes, Zearalenone, Ergots. Food borne outbreaks and lab testing procedures. Preventive measures.

10

Fermented And Microbial Foods : Microbial activity in foods- vegetables (olives, cucumbers), meat (sausages), bread, idli. Cocoa and coffee curing; Dairy foods- cheese, srikhand. Therapeutic and nutritional value of fermented foods. Spoilage and defects of fermented dairy products. Oriental fermented foods. Microbial foods- single cell proteins and single cell oils- industrial production methods.

10

Food Sanitation : Sanitation in manufacture and retail trade; food control agencies and their regulation, hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP); plant sanitation- employees’ health standard, waste treatment, disposal quality control. Current status of food technologies in India.

7

References:1.Frazier WC and Westhoff Dc (1988) 6th edition. Food Microbiology. Tata McGraw Hill Publication Company Ltd, New Delhi, 20042. James M.Jay ,Modern food microbiology,CBS Publishers and Distributors, Delhi, 19963. Francis Pouch Downes, Compendium Methods for the Microbiological Examination of foods, 6th edition, 20004. Adams M.R, Moss M.O, Food Microbiology, 5th edition, 20005. Banwart G.J, Basic Food Microbiology, 4th edition, 20006. Bibek Ray, Fundamentals of Food Microbiology, 4th edition, 20057. John S. Norak, Microbial Safety of Minimally Processed Foods, 3rd edition, 20028. Hobbs B.C and Roberts D, Food Poisoning and Hygiene , 2nd edition, 20049. Mary E. Torrence, Microbial food safety in Animal Agriculture, 4th edition, 200310. Norman G Marriott, Principles of Food Sanitation, 3rd edition, 200411. Robinson R.K, Dairy Microbiology, 3rd edition, 199812. James, M.J Martin, Modern Food Microbiology, 4th edition, 200313. Diam Robert, Food Microbiology: An Introduction, 5th edition, 2006

Hand Book Page 30


14. Montville Mathews, Food Microbiology: An Introduction, 4th edition,200515. Doyle, Food Microbiology-Fundamentals and Frontiers, 5th edition, 200616. K.Vijaya Ramesh, Food Microbiology, 4th edition,200417. Elmer H Marth, Applied Dairy Microbiology, 2nd edition, 200118. Srivastava, Handbook of Milk Microbiology, 2nd edition, 200019. Varnam, Evans(2004) Foodborne Pathogens, 4th edition.20. E.M.T El-Mansi(2002) Fermentation Microbiology and Biotechnology, 3rd edition.

Hand Book Page 31



3 MMB 05P: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY

NO. TITLE OF THE EXPERIMENT

1 Bacterial conjugation.

2 Isolation of lambda phage.

3 Transformation.

4 Chromosomal mapping by interruption mating.

5 Comparative study of lactamase from different sources.

6 Restriction Digestion (plasmid DNA has to be isolated and digested).

7 Calculation of Mol Wt of unknown DNA and construction of restriction

map.8 Ligation (plasmid DNA has to be isolated and digested).

9 Southern and western blotting.

10 Comparative study of beta-galactosidase from different sources.

11 Mutagenesis with ethyl methyl sulphonate.

12 Isolation of antibiotic resistant mutants by gradient plate technique.

13 Ampicillin selection for enrichment of auxotrophs.


Hand Book Page 32


CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALORE.III SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY

3 MMB 06: ENVIRONMENTAL AND FOOD MICROBIOLOGY


1 Quantitative and qualitative analysis of microorganisms in out door and

indoor air.

2 Quantitative and qualitative analysis of water.

3 Study of microflora of industrial wastes and effluents.

4 Study of milk and milk products.

1. Methylene blue reductase test.

2. Starch test.

3. Lech test.

4. Alcohol test.

5. Formalin test.

Litmus milk test

5 Estimation of Lactic acid in milk.

6 Study of fruit juices, squashes and beverages.

7 Microbiological Examination of Flour.

8 Study of Fermented foods.

9 Microbiological examination of various dairy products

10 Determination of Dissolved oxygen content of the water.

11 Determination of biological oxygen demand of the water.

12 Enumeration of bacteria in raw and pasteurized milk


Hand Book Page 33


CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALOREIV SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY

4 MMB 01: AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY

52 HOURSCONTENT NO.

OF HRS

Decomposition of organic matter: by Microbes-cellulose, roteinsne, lignin, starch and pectin.

4

Biological metabolism: Mineralization and immobilization of nitrogen, nitrification, denitrification, symbiotic nitrogen fixation(Rhizobium, Frankia), Non –symbiotic nitrogen fixation( Azotobacter, Azosprillium): Nitrogenase enzymes, nif gene. Role of nodulin genes in nodule development and symbiosis.

9

Plant – Microbe Interactions: Mutualism, Commensalisms, parasitism, ammensalisms, synergism, predationMicrobiology of Rhizosphere- Microbes in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane, methods of enumeration, rhizosphere effects, factors influencing rhizosphere microbes.

9

Biofertilizers- Cultivation and mass production of bioinoculants- PGPR,Azotobacter, Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Cyanobacteria, Phosphate solubilising bacteria, carrier based inoculants. Mycorrhiza and its types, methods of application and agronomic importance.Microbiology and biochemistry of biogas productionBiopesticides: types and application

10

Host- parasite interactions: Structural and biochemical defence mechanisms. Production of phytoalexins; involvement of elicitors; role of R and r genes in disease development.SAR( Systamic acquired resistance).

5

Plant diseases:

1. Diseases caused by Fungi( Symptomatology, etiology and control)

a) Wilt diseasesb) Downy mildews grapesc) Powdery mildews of cucurbitsd) Rusts of coffeee) Smuts of sorghum

2. Diseases caused by Bacteria(Symptomatology, etiology and control)

a) Bacterial Wiltb) Bacterial blight of ricec) Angular leaf spot of cottond) Citrus canker

3. Mycoplasmal diseases( Sandal spike, grassy shoot of sugar cane)4. Viral Diseases(Symptomatology, etiology and control)

a) Tobacco Mosaic Diseasesb) Banana Bunchy topc) Cucumber mosaicd) Cowpea Mosaic

5. Diseases caused by viroids, potato spindle tuber viroid

12

Hand Book Page 34


Post harvest diseases and control measures 3

References

1. Charudattan R. 1982. Biological control of weeds with palnt pathogens. John Wiley and sons2. George N. Agrios.2000. Plant Pathology. 4th Ed.Academic press3. Noriss.J.R ans Pettiper.G.L.1987.Essays in agricultural and food microbiology. John Wileyt and sons. Singapore

4. Rangaswami.G and D.J. Bagyaraj.1998. Agricultural Microbiology. 2nd Ed. PHI. India5. Singh. R.S. 1997. Introduction to principles of plant pathology.3rd edition. Oxford and

TBH6. Subba Rao. N.S. 1995. Soli Microorganisma and plant growth. Oxford and IBH7. Sylvia.D.M, Jeffery.J.Fuhrmann. Peter.G. hartel, david.A. Zuberber.1997.Principles and

applications of soil Microbiology 1st ed. Prentice Hall.8. Subbarao. N.S and Dommergues.Y.R.1998. Microbial interactions in agriculture and

forestry. Science publishers.9. Richard.E, Issacson, marry.E and Torrece.2005. Microbial food safety in animal

agriculture. Current topics. Blackwell publishers.10. M.K.Sateesh.2010. Recombinant DNA technology. Comprehensive Biotechnology-V.

New Age International Publishers.11. M.K.Sateesh. 2010. Immunology and Plant Biotechnology. New Age International

Publishers12. Shivakumar.M.2004. Introduction to soil and Agricultural Microorganisms. Himalaya

Publishing house13. Biswas.P.K. 2008. Agricultural Microbiology. Dominant Publishers14. Markandy.D.K.2006. Agricultural applications of Microbiology. APH publishing

corporation15. SubbaRao.N.S.1982 Advances in Agricultural Microbiology. Butterworth- Heinemann

publishers.16. Rangaswami.G and Bagyaraj.D.J . 2002. Agricultural Microbiology.RHI Publishers.17. Raina.M.Maier.2002. Environmental Microbiology.18. P.D.Sharma.2006. Plant pathology. Alpha Science International.19. Sharma.P.G. 2006. Plant Pathology. Rastogi Publication.

Hand Book Page 35


CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALOREIV SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY4 MMB 02: MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY

52 HOURS

CONTENT NO. OF HRS

Medically Important Microorganisms: Classification of medically important microorganisms. Normal flora of human body and its significance, tissue trophism.

5

Infections; Characteristics And Types : Portals of entry. Mechanism of host defense. Evasion of host defenses, toxigenesis- bacterial toxins and its types.

10

Bacterial Diseases : Symptomatology, laboratory diagnosis, etiology and control of bacterial infection by Staphylococcus, Pneumococcus, E.coli, Salmonalla, Neisseria, Corynebacterium, Clostridium, Vibrio, Yersinia, Haemophilus, Mycobacterium, Spirochaetes, Chlamydiae and Mycoplasma. Protozoan infections- malaria and filaria.

13

Fungal Diseases : Pathogenisis, laboratory diagnosis and control of pathogenic fungi- superficialand systemic mycoses, Aspergillosis, Candidiasis, Mycotoxins.

10

Viral And Prion Diseases : Diseases caused by Pox virus, Herpes virus, Picorna virus, Orthomyxo virus, Paramyxo virus, Rhabdo virus, Hepatitis virus, Oncogenic viruses, HIV, Dengue, Encephalitis. Prion infection: CJD, Kuru.

7

Microbial Diagnostics And Antimicrobial Therapy : Collection and transport of clinical specimens, Immuno and molecular diagnostic methods. Antibacterial, antifungal and anti protozoal drugs, methods of testing drug sensitivity, antibiotic assay in fluids. Vaccines and vaccination schedule; Nosocomial infections- diagnosis and control.

7

References:

1. Ananthanarayana.R and C.K.Jayaram Panicker, Text book of Microbiology , 4th edition, 20022. Jawetz E, Melnick J.L., Adelberg E.a. Review of Medical Microbiology, 6th edition, 2005 3. Mackie and McCartney , Medical Microbiology vol I, Microbial Infection vol 2, practical medical microbiology, 3rd edition, 19964. Murray , Medical Microbiology, 4th edition, 2003.5. Baily and Scott, Diagnostic Microbiology, 5th edition,20066. David Greenwood, Medical Microbiology, 5th edition, 20057. Hurst, Microbiology for Health Sciences , 6th edition,20028. Pelczar, Microbiology,4th edition,20009. Daniel Lim , Microbiology, 6th edition200410. John , Diagnostic Microbiology, 3rd edition,200511. Black, Microbiology, 6th edition,2006 10. Volk, Beniganin, Kodner & Parsons, Essentials of Medical Microbiology,2006 11. Alcamo, Fudamentals of Microbiology, Addition Wesley Long Inc. 200512. Elint, Enquist, Krug, Racaniello & Shalker, Principle of Virology(2004), 13. Tizard, Immunology, 4th edition,200614. Goering.Roitt, Medical Microbiology, 4th edition, 200315. Dimmock(2002), Introduction to Modern Virology, 5th edition, 2002

Hand Book Page 36


CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALOREIV SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY

4 MMB 03: INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY

52 HOURSCONTENTS NO OF

HRSScope Of Industrial Microbiology : Definition of industrial microbiology, Historical developments, Economics of microbial biotechnology; Biotechnological innovation in the chemical industry. Biocatalyst in organo chemical regulation, P/O quotients, metabolic overproduction and growth efficiency.

3

Strain Improvement : Criteria for selection and strategies for strain improvement, maintenance and containment of recombinant organisms.

5

Microbial Products Of Commercial Use : Industrial production of organic acids(citric acid, acetic acid, gluconic acid), amino acids (lysine, glutamic acid), solvents (ethanol, glycerol), antibiotics (penicillin, streptomycin, roteinsne), microbial polysaccharides (xanthan), polyesters (3 hydoxyalcanoate), Hormones (insulin), production of antibodies, Steroids transformation, anticholesterol compound (lovastatin).

13

Microbial Enzymes And Microbes In Mineral Recovery : Industrial production of microbial enzymes (amylase, protease, cellulose), use of enzymes in starch processing, cheese making, textile industries, detergent industries, leather industries, breweries, pharmaceuticals and therapeutics.Metal leaching by bacteria from ores ( copper, iron, uranium, gold)

15

Probiotics :Industrial production of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus sps, Industrial production of lactic acid, acidophilus milk, yoghurt. Production of Cheese.

7

Immobilization Of Enzymes : Definition and concept of immobilization of enzymes and whole cell, Immobilization techniques- adsorption, cross-linkage, covalent modification, entrapment and encapsulation. Potential benefits of immobilization, Two dimensional separation of total cellular proteins, Protein microarray.

9

References:

1) Barwart,G. J (1989).Basic Food Microbiology,Chapman and Hall,New York2) El.mansi,E.MT amd Bryce,C.F.A (2002),fermentation microbiology and biotechnology –

Taylor and Francis,London3) Colin Ratledge and Bjorn Kristiansen(2002),basic biotechnology,2nd edition-cambridge

university press4) Casida ,Jr l. E (1997).industrial microbiology5) Frazier,W C and Westhoff,DC (2000) food microbiology6) Prescott,SC and Dunn;(2001) industrial microbiology7) Stanbury. P F .,Whitaker A and Hall S j (2000);Principles of fermentation technology 8) Industrial microbiology-A H Patel9) Glazer N.A. and Nikaido H (1995), Microbial Biotechnology. (Fundamentals of Applied

Microbiology). W.H. Freeman and Company, New York.10) Micheal J W (2001) Industrial Microbiology; an introduction. Blackwell Science.

Hand Book Page 37


11) G. Reed (Ed), CBS Publishers (AVI Publishing Co.) Industrial Microbiology12) C.L.Hershnergey, S.W. Queener and Q. Hegeman. Publisher. ASM. Ewesis

Et_al. 1998. Bioremediation Principles. Mac Graw Hill;Genetics and Biotechnology of Industrial Microorgansims.

13) D. Pearlman, Academic Press.(2003) Annual Reports in Fermentation Processes14) Arnold L Demain and Julian E Davies ; 2nd edition; Manual of Industrial Microbiology

and biotechnology.(2007)15) Michael J. Waites, Neil L. Morgan, Gary HigtonWiley-Blackwell, Paperback – 10-2001;

Industrial Microbiology: An Introduction.16) S. C. Prescott, C. G. Dunn (2009) ; Agrobios(India); Industrial Microbiology17) Davis J.E. and Demain A.L. ASM publications;2nd edition. Manual of industrial

Microbiology and Biotechnology

Hand Book Page 38


CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS)IV SEM M.Sc., MICROBIOLOGY

4 MMB 04: FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY

52 HOURSCONTENTS No. Of

HRSFermentation Tehcnology : Introduction, concepts and scope. Isolation and purification industrial important organisms. Culture collection institutions.

4

Fermentors : Design, components, body construction and basic functions. Different types of fermentors, aeration and agitation systems, baffles, sterilization of fermentor medium, sterilization of air supply, temperature control. Aseptic inoculation and sampling methods. Scale up of fermentation process: parameter used in scale up and problems associated, solid state fermentation (Koji fermentor).

13

Fermentation Media : Media formulation strategies, sources of carbon and nitrogen, vitamins and minerals, role of buffers, precursors, inhibitors and inducers, Antifoaming agents. Substrates for solid state fermentation.

8

Fermentation In Batch And Continuous Cultures :Batch growth, microbial growth kinetics and thermal death of microorganisms. Effects of environments: temperature, PH

and high nutrients concentration, methods of monitoring microbial growth. Continuous culture systems : concepts of Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluid, plastic fluids, apparent viscosities.

9

Downstream Processing : Objectives and criteria, foam separation, cell disruption methods, centrifugation, precipitation methods, filtration, liquid extraction, membrane filtration, chromatography techniques, drying devices, crystallization. Solvent recovery.2D roteinsn of total cellular roteins.

13

Quality Control: Quality control of fermented foods, chemical and microbial analysis, FDA regulation for fermented foods and pharmaceutical products.

5

References: 1. E.M.T. El-Mansi, C.F.A. Bryce, A.L.Demain A.R.Allman(2007) “Fermantation microbiology and biotechnology “2nd edition Taylor and Francies group Boca Raton London New York.2. Lee Yuan Kun (2006) ” Microbial Biotechnology” principles and applications 2nd edition

World Scientific .3. Michael L. Shuler Fikret Kargi” Bioprecess Engineering” basic concepts 2nd edition

Prentice-Hall of India Private Ltd New Delhi.4. Gerald Reed Prescott and Dunn’s (2004) “Industrial microbiology” 4th edition CBS

Publication and distributors 4596/1A, 11 Danya Ganj New Delhi-02.5. L.E. Casida, J.R, “Industrial Microbiology” New Age international (P) Ltd,Publishers. 6. A.H.Patel “ Industrial Microbiology” MacMillan INDIA Ltd.7. Peppler. Periman”Microbial Technology” fermentation technology 2nd edition volume-II

Academic Press an Imprint of Elsevier.8. Robert, H (2006) Microbiology and technology of fermented foods. Blackewll Publishers.9. Stanburry. P.F. Whitaker A and Hall S.J.(1997), Principles of Fermentation technology”

2nd edition . Aditya books (P) Ltd, New Delhi.10. Hui.Y.H., Pegy, S.S. Wai, K.N. Fidel, T., Lisbeth, M. Goddick, Solveig, J.J.(2004)

Handbook of food and beverage fermentation technology. Marckel Dekker Inc.11. Mukhopadhyay S.N.(2001), Process Biotechnology fundamental s. Viva books Pvt Ltd.

New Delhi.

Hand Book Page 39


12. Walf Crueger and Anneliese Crueger” Biotechnology” a text book and industrial microbiology. 2nd edition Panima Publishers corporation New Delhi.

13. Arnold L.Demain and Juliac E. Davies , Manual of Microbiology and Biotechnolgy 2nd edition ASM Press.

14. E.M.T. El-Mansi, C.F.A. Bryce, “Fermantation microbiology and biotechnology “2nd edition Taylor and Francies.

15. Pak-Lam Yu Fermentation Technology : Industrial Applications Kluwu Academic Publishers.

Hand Book Page 40



4 MMB 05P: AGRICULTURAL AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY


1 Isolation and identification of starch and pectin degrading

microorganisms.

2 Isolation of pesticide degraders from soil.

3 Isolation and identification of nitrogen fixing microorganisms-

Rhizobium and Azotobacter.

4 Mushroom cultivation.

5 Isolation and identification of plant pathogens from diseased

plants.

6 Leishman’ staining and Giemsa staining.

7 Spore and capsule staining.

8 Study of colony morphology of pathogens on

selective/differential /enriched medias.

9 Drug susceptibility tests- Kirby-Bauer and checker board

methods.

10 Immunological diagnostic methods- WIDAL test, VDRL test,

ELISA and Immunoprecipitation methods.


Hand Book Page 41



4 MMB 06P: MICROBIAL AND FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY


Hand Book Page 42


1 Entrapment of enzymes and microbial cells using alginate methods.

2 Production of citric acid from A.niger, T. viridae.3 Production of Penicillin and ethanol by small scale solid state

fermentation.4 Detection and quantification of pigments produced by certain

fungi and bacteria (P. chrysogenum, S. mercescens, Psuedomonas spp.)

5 Detection and quantification of siderophores produced by Psuedomonas spp.

6 Microbial assay of antibiotics, riboflavin and amino acids.7 Analysis of spoiled and fermented, Pharmaceutical products.8 Alcoholic fermentation and calculation of total and volatile

acidity.9 Mushroom cultivation and estimation of protein.10 Production of alpha amylase, using A. oryzae/B. licheniformis

using wheat bran as substrate in small scale solid state fermentation and its assay.

11 Production of protease by A.niger using wheat bran, dried skim milk by small scale solid state fermentation and its assay.

12 Industrial or institutional visits reports to be submitted.


CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS)IV SEMESTER M.SC., BIOTECHNOLOGY

2 MB07V:MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICSVALUE ADDED COURSE

40 HOURS

CONTENT NO OF HRS

Fundamentals of Molecular Diagnosis: Organization of human genome, Human Genome Project, Identifying human disease genes. Cancer genetics and cancer genome databases: oncogenes, tumour suppressor genes. Genetic disorders and spectrum of mutations in: Sickle cell anaemia, Duchenne muscular Dystrophy, Retinoblastoma, Cystic Fibrosis, Beta-thalassemia, eye defects and Sex – linked inherited disorders. Genetic factors predisposing to microbial pathogenicity and Host - Parasite relationships.

4

Philosophy and general approach to clinical specimens: Sample collection- method of collection, transport and processing of samples. Isolation and Purification of Nucleic acids- Principles and methods. Molecular cloning, labeling of nucleic acids, hybridization

3

Nucleic acid amplification methods and types of PCR: Sample preparation, experimental design, primers, controls, product detection. Reverse Transcriptase-PCR, Inverse PCR, Multiplex PCR, Nested PCR, Alu-PCR, Hot- start, In situ PCR, Long-PCR, PCR-ELISA, Arbitrarily primed PCR, ARMS-PCR and Ligase Chain Reaction with examples. Real-Time PCR in disease diagnosis.

5

Electrophoresis techniques: Principle, classification, sample preparation, general methodology of agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis including 2D gel. SSCP analysis, Heteroduplex analysis with examples from genetic disorders of eye . Blotting techniques- Southern, Northern and Western in specific disease diagnosis. Different detection methods, their advantages and disadvantages.

5

Applications of PCR- PCR based microbial typing: Eubacterial identification based on 16S rRNA sequences- Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction analysis (ARDRA)-Culture independent analysis of bacteria- DGGE and TRFLP. Molecular diagnosis of fungal pathogens based on 18S rRNA sequences-Detection of plant, animal and human viral pathogens through PCR.

4

RAPD, RFLP applications for animal and plants: PCR in forensic science-AmpFLP, STR- Determination of Paternity- Human identification and sex determination. DNA methylation analysis in cancer.

3

Neonatal and Prenatal disease diagnostics : Gender identification using amelogenin gene locus. Amplification of Y chromosome specific Short Tandem Repeats (Y-STR). Analysis of mitochondrial DNA for maternal inheritance. Mitochondrial DNA defects in cardiac, immune system and impotency.

3

Hybridization based detection methods : Characteristics and preparation of probes, Principle and applications of- In situ hybridization, Comparative genomic hybridization, Advanced karyotyping methods in disease diagnosis.

4

DNA sequencing: Principles, Methods and Instrumentation- Advances in DNA sequencing- Pyrosequencing. Sequencing based disease identification with examples

2

Microarray: Principle and methodology of DNA, Protein microarray and its molecular diagnostics applications.

2

Protein based methods in disease diagnosis: Monoclonal antibodies- principle, production and application. Principle and methodology of ELISA, RIA and immunofluorescence techniques with examples.

3

Gene therapy and other molecular based therapeutic approaches: HLA typing. Pharmacogenomics. Genes in pedigree. Genetic counseling. Advantages and

2

Hand Book Page 43


disadvantages of molecular diagnosis methods.

References1. Medical Microbiology (1997), Edited by Greenwood, D, Slack, R and Peutherer, J, ELST

Publishers.2. Fundamentals of Molecular Diagnostics (2007). David E. Bruns, Edward R. Ashwood, Carl A.

Burtis. Saunders Group.3. Molecular Diagnostics: Fundamentals, Methods & Clinical applications (2007). Lele Buckingham

and Maribeth L. Flaws4. Molecular Diagnostics for the Clinical Laboratorian 2Ed. 2006, W.B. Coleman. Humana Press.5. Molecular Pathology in Clinical Practice (2007). D. G. B. Leonard.6. Genes VIII (2004) by B. Lewin, Oxford University Press.7. An Introduction to Genetic Analysis (2000) by A.J.F. Griffiths, J.H. Miller, D.T. Suzuki, R.C.

Lewontin and W.M. Gelbart, W.H. Freeman, New York.8. An Introduction to Forensic DNA Analysis (2002) Rudin,N and Inman,K.CRC Press.9. Forensic DNA Typing. Biology, Technology and Genetics of STR markers (2005)10. John M. Butler, Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam.

Journal articles1. Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics2. McNeil N and Ried T. 2005. Novel molecular cytogenetic techniques for identifying complex

chromosomal rearrangements: technology and applications in molecular medicine. Expert reviews in molecular medicine.

3. ICMR bulletin. 2000. Progress in technology for detection of mutations in haematological disorders. Vol.30, No 1.

CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS)IV SEMESTER M.SC., BIOTECHNOLOGY2 MB07VP: MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS

VALUE ADDED COURSE

NO TITLE OF THE EXPERIMENT1 DNA extraction from peripheral blood

2 Quality and quantity checking of nucleic acids 3 RNA extraction from peripheral blood4 RFLP analysis5 Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis6 Western blotting7 Molecular detection of any two human genetic

diseases8 Bioinformatics tools for genome and proteome

analysis


Hand Book Page 44

Documents

Complete Syllabus of MSc MB